Addingham
Addingham is a village and civil parish in the English county of West Yorkshire. It is situated near the A65, 6 miles south east of Skipton, 3 miles west of Ilkley, 19 miles north west of Bradford and around 20 miles north west of Leeds. Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is located in the valley of the River Wharfe and is only 1 mile from the Yorkshire Dales National Park; the name is thought to mean "homestead associated with a man called Adda", although in the Domesday Book, the village was referred to as "Ediham", which may have referred to Earl Edwin of Bolton Abbey. The 2001 census numbered Addingham's population at 3,599; the area around Addingham is thought to have been populated from at least Bronze Age times, indicated by the'cup and ring' carved stones that can be found on Addingham Moor. Its beginnings may date back to the late Mesolithic period, as evidenced by the scattered remains of early flint tools across Rombald's Moor to the south; the earliest of the existing houses were built in the 17th century when the village was a farming community, but the real growth began in the late 18th century and early 19th century when the textile industry arrived and five working mills, plus other loomshops and weaving sheds, were established, the village developed into a busy industrial community.
The village grew up around three centres. This is thought to be one of the reasons the village used to be known as "Long Addingham". Since the decline of the textile industry during the 20th century, the village has now become a commuter and retirement community, it is home to an award-winning Medical Centre, a public park, four public houses, several retirement homes and a solitary school, Addingham Primary School. There is evidence of civilisation around Addingham as far back as the late Mesolithic and early Bronze Ages, as indicated by the remains of early man in the form of flint tools on Rombald's Moor, which may date back to around 11,000 BC; the first'fixed' artefacts are the'cup and ring' marked stones, several of which can be found on top of Addingham Moor and Ilkley Moor to the east, which date back to the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC. The first evidence of settlements come from the Iron Age – evidence of major tree clearance dating back to 700 BC has been found, as well as quern-stones on Addingham Moorside.
Remains of an Iron Age settlement can be found on Addingham Low Moor. Little evidence remains of the 350 years of Roman occupation, save for the Roman road towards Skipton which, up until the 1800s, was still the primary route between the two settlements; the Domesday Book in 1086 places the village in the region of Burghshire and refers to the village as "Ediham". The Lord in 1066 was Earl Edwin of Bolton Abbey, Lord of several other surrounding settlements ranging as far west as Skipton and Anley, may have given his name to the village; the weir of a medieval corn mill, located near modern-day High Mill has been dated back to 1315, is one of the oldest medieval structures in the village. Despite this, the main occupation in the 1370s, when poll tax was levied, was agriculture, iron smelting and blacksmithing. During the Reformation, Henry VIII dissolved the monastery in Bolton Abbey, while most of Addingham accepted the Reformation, Richard Kirkham remained faithful to Catholicism and was subsequently arrested in 1578, executed in York alongside William Lacy.
The Roman Catholic Church "Our Lady and of the English Martyrs", built in 1927 on Bolton Road, is dedicated to him and to other Catholics persecuted by Henry VIII. During the English Civil War in 1642, Addingham was mainly Royalist, as several villagers are thought to have helped to defend Skipton Castle from the Parliamentarians; the earliest indications of the textile industry in the village can be found in the will of William Atkinson in 1568, in which it states that he left a solitary loom to his son-in-law. The cloth making industry remained stagnant, until the 18th century, when revolutionary weaving inventions such as John Kay's Flying shuttle and water-powered machines such as Crompton's Spinning mule, allowed the textile industry in Addingham to leap forward as it entered the 19th century. John Cunliffe, a cloth manufacturer, John Cockshott, a glazier and woolstapler, took advantage of the new developments in technology and leased land on the side of the River Wharfe in 1787 at the site now known as Low Mill.
They built a spinning mill which enabled yarn to be spun more than by hand and thus increased the production of cloth. A weir was constructed on a wheel installed to provide the power, it was the first successful worsted mill in the world. The start of the 19th century saw the textile industry begin to thrive in the village – existing mills, such as the one at High Mill, built in 1787 to produce corn, were converted and extended and used for linen, cotton and silk spinning, while other new mills were built, such as Town Head Mill and Fentimans, the latter of, built in 1802 to spin cotton and was converted into a sawmill in the 1860s. Several small workshops were built, as well as three storey high workers' houses, in which the lower two floors would be for domestic use, the top floor would house the looms, with inter-connecting doors along the row of houses; these buildings still exist today, examples can be seen on Stockinger Lane. In 1826, Low Mill, now under the tenancy of Jeremiah Horsfall, was the scene of a Luddite uprising.
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Robert Collyer
Robert Collyer was an English-born American Unitarian clergyman. Collyer was born in Keighley, England, on December 8, 1823. At the age of eight he was compelled to support himself by work in a linen factory, he was studious and supplemented his scant schooling by night study. At fourteen he was apprenticed to a blacksmith, Jacky Birch—who had taught the trade to Samuel Collyer, Robert's father, in Blubberhouses–and for several years worked at this trade at Ilkley. In 1849 he became a local Methodist minister. In the same year, his wife Harriet died on 1 February, his infant daughter Jane on 4 February. In the following year emigrated to the United States, where he obtained employment as a hammer maker at Shoemakersville, Pennsylvania. Here he soon began to preach on Sundays, his earnest, simple style of oratory made him popular, at once secured for him a wide reputation. His advocacy of anti-slavery principles frowned upon by the Methodist authorities, aroused opposition, resulted in his trial for heresy and the revocation of his licence.
He continued, however, as an independent preacher and lecturer, in 1859, having joined the Unitarian Church, became a missionary of that church in Chicago, Illinois working as the first minister-at-large of the First Unitarian Church of Chicago. In 1860 he became pastor of the Unity Church, the second Unitarian church in Chicago. Under his guidance the church grew to be one of the strongest of that denomination in the West, Collyer himself came to be looked upon as one of the foremost pulpit orators in the country. During the American Civil War, he was active in the work of the Sanitary Commission. In 1879 he left Chicago and became pastor of the Church of the Messiah, now renamed the Community Church in New York City, he brought his old friend, the popular writer and hymnodist, Minot Judson Savage, to assist him in his ministry. In 1883, when he visited Birmingham in England, he engaged Marie Bethell Beauclerc to report and edit his sermons and prayers which were published during the same year.
Collyer was invited to be a featured speaker at the 14th Annual Convention of the American Woman Suffrage Association. There, on the evening of October 10, 1883, he spoke of his wife and his thoughts on the women's rights movement, his speech was summarized in the AWSA's Woman's Journal: After his honeymoon, he said, he discovered that his wife had a will and a way of her own. When she insisted upon having her way he would quote to her what Paul said about the subjection of women to their husbands, on one occasion she replied, "O bother Paul! What did he know about it?" At length his wife would so persist in having her way that he would say, "My dear, we will try the matter and see how it works," which she wanted done and he did not. The men are now thinking about the woman question, said Mr. Collyer, by and by, in every State, county, town the men would say, "My dear, we will try woman suffrage," and it will be said that the greatest and best and sweetest of movements in our country was that which gave her the right of suffrage.
In 1903 Collyer became pastor emeritus. He died in 1912, he published: Nature and Life A Man in Earnest: Life of A. H. Conant The Life That Now Is The Simple Truth Talks to Young Men: With Asides to Young Women Things New and Old Father Taylor Ilkley: Ancient and Modern How and What to Read This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Collyer, Robert". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 694–695. "The Life and Letters of Robert Collyer" Media related to Robert Collyer at Wikimedia Commons Works by or about Robert Collyer at Internet Archive Works by Robert Collyer at LibriVox
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. West Yorkshire consists of five metropolitan boroughs and is bordered by the counties of Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, Lancashire to the north-west, North Yorkshire to the north and east, South Yorkshire to the south and south-east. Remnants of strong coal and iron ore industries remain in the county, having attracted people over the centuries, this can be seen in the buildings and architecture. Leeds may become a terminus for a north-east limb of High Speed 2. Major railways and two major motorways traverse the county, which contains Leeds Bradford International Airport. West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 so its five districts became unitary authorities.
However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres, continues to exist in law, as a geographic frame of reference. Since 1 April 2014 West Yorkshire has been a combined authority area, with the local authorities pooling together some functions over transport and regeneration as the West Yorkshire Combined Authority. West Yorkshire includes the West Yorkshire Urban Area, the biggest and most built-up urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire. West Yorkshire was formed as a metropolitan county in 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, corresponds to the core of the historic West Riding of Yorkshire and the county boroughs of Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield and Wakefield. West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council inherited the use of West Riding County Hall at Wakefield, opened in 1898, from the West Riding County Council in 1974. Since 1987 it has been the headquarters of Wakefield City Council; the county had a two-tier structure of local government with a strategic-level county council and five districts providing most services.
In 1986, throughout England the metropolitan county councils were abolished. The functions of the county council were devolved to the boroughs. Organisations such as the West Yorkshire Metro continue to operate on this basis. Although the county council was abolished, West Yorkshire continues to form a metropolitan and ceremonial county with a Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire and a High Sheriff. Wakefield's Parish Church was raised to cathedral status in 1888 and after the elevation of Wakefield to diocese, Wakefield Council sought city status and this was granted in July 1888; however the industrial revolution, which changed West and South Yorkshire led to the growth of Leeds and Bradford, which became the area's two largest cities. Leeds was granted city status in 1893 and Bradford in 1897; the name of Leeds Town Hall reflects the fact that at its opening in 1858 Leeds was not yet a city, while Bradford renamed its Town Hall as City Hall in 1965. The county borders, going anticlockwise from the west: Lancashire, Greater Manchester, South Yorkshire and North Yorkshire.
It lies entirely on rocks of carboniferous age which form the southern Pennine fringes in the west and the Yorkshire coalfield further eastwards. In the extreme east of the metropolitan county there are younger deposits of magnesian limestone; the Bradford and Calderdale areas are dominated by the scenery of the eastern slopes of the Pennines, dropping from upland in the west down to the east, dissected by many steep-sided valleys. Large-scale industry, housing and commercial buildings of differing heights, transport routes and open countryside conjoin; the dense network of roads and railways and urban development, confined by valleys creates dramatic interplay of views between settlements and the surrounding hillsides, as shaped the first urban-rural juxtapositions of David Hockney. Where most rural the land crops up in the such rhymes and folklore as On Ilkley Moor Bah'Tat, date unknown, the early 19th century novels and poems of the Brontë family in and around Haworth and long-running light comedy-drama Last of the Summer Wine in the 20th century.
The carboniferous rocks of the Yorkshire coalfield further east have produced a rolling landscape with hills and broad valleys. In this landscape there is widespread evidence of former industrial activity. There are numerous derelict or converted mine buildings and landscaped former spoil heaps; the scenery is a mixture of built up areas, industrial land with some dereliction, farmed open country. Ribbon developments along transport routes including canal and rail are prominent features of the area although some remnants of the pre industrial landscape and semi-natural vegetation still survive. However, many areas are affected by urban fringe pressures creating fragmented and downgraded landscapes and present are urban influences from major cities, smaller industrial towns and former mining villages. In the magnesian limestone belt to the east of the Leeds and Wakefield areas is an elevated ridge with smoothly rolling scenery, dissected by dry valleys. Here, there is a large number of country houses and estates with parkland, estate woodlands and game coverts.
The rivers Aire and Calder drain the area, flowing from west to east. The table below outlines many of the co
Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. 12 miles north of Bradford and 17 miles northwest of Leeds, the town lies on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales. Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry; the town centre is characterised by wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht'at"; the song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect, its title translated as "On Ilkley Moor without a hat." The earliest evidence of habitation in the Ilkley area is from flint arrowheads or microliths, dating to the Mesolithic period, from about 11,000 BC onwards. The area around Ilkley has been continuously settled since at least the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC.
A druidical stone circle, the Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, was constructed 2,000 years ago. Serious interest in the rock art of Ilkley began after the publication in 1879 of the "Prehistoric Rock Sculptures of Ilkley" by Romilly Allen in the Journal of the British Archaeological Association; the remains of a Roman fort occupy a site near the town centre. Some authorities believe it is Olicana, dating to 79 AD. A number of Roman altars have been discovered from the reigns of Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla. Three Anglo-Saxon crosses from the 8th century that stood in the churchyard of All Saints' Church have been moved inside to prevent erosion; the church site, as a centre for Christian worship, extends to 627 AD, the present Victorian-era church incorporates medieval elements. The Domesday Book, of 1086, records Ilkley as being in the possession of William de Percy 1st Baron Percy; the land was acquired by the Middelton family of Myddelton Lodge, from about a century after the time of William the Conqueror.
The family lost possession through a series of land sales and mortgage repossessions over a period of about a hundred years from the early 19th century. The agents of William Middelton were responsible for the design of the new town of Ilkley to replace the village which had stood there before. In the 17th and 18th centuries the town gained a reputation for the efficacy of its water. In the 19th century it became established as a fashionable spa town, with the construction of Ben Rhydding Hydro, a hydropathic establishment at Wheatley, a mile to the east, between 1843 and 1844. Charles Darwin underwent hydropathic treatment at Wells House when his book On the Origin of Species was published on 24 November 1859, whilst staying with his family at North View House. Tourists flocked to bathe in the cold-water spring. Wheatley was renamed Ben Rhydding after the Hydro, demolished. Development based on the Hydro movement, on the establishment of convalescent homes and hospitals, was accelerated in August 1865 by the construction of the Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway, which linked to the Leeds and Bradford Railway and the North Eastern Railway.
The Midland Railway built a connection to Skipton via Bolton Abbey in May 1888. Other Victorian visitors to the town included Madame Tussaud; the only remaining hydro building is the white cottage known as White Wells House. The cottage can be visited on the edge of the moor overlooking the town; the town has a parish council and although it is a town and has a town hall, the parish council has not exercised its right to be called a town council. The parish consists of four wards and elects 14 councillors: Ilkley North, Ilkley South, Ilkley West and Ben Rhydding; the parish council precept is collected with the annual Council Tax to fund its running and to aid the development of local projects. Ilkley is in the Keighley UK Parliament constituency whose seat is held by John Grogan, Labour MP, he replaced Conservative MP, in the 2017 election. Kris Hopkins was elected in the 2010 general election. Ann Cryer was elected in the General Election of 1997, her late husband Bob Cryer held the seat between 1974 and 1983.
Ilkley is in the Humber European constituency. Before 1974 Ilkley was a type of local government district. Ilkley Urban District Council shared local government responsibilities with the West Riding County Council; the Local Government Act 1972 dissolved urban districts and in 1974 Ilkley adopted its current status as a ward of the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford. Services provided by the urban district council are now run centrally by the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council; until 2006 Ilkley civil parish consisted of Ilkley ward, which includes Ben Rhydding, the north half of Rombalds ward. The latter ward housed the villages of Menston; the population of the parish in 2001 was therefore higher than it is today, consisting of 24,954 residents. In 2006 Burley-in-Wharfedale and Menston established their own parishes and today Ilkley consists only of Ilkley ward. CouncillorsThe parish is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford and is represented by two Conservative councillors, Mike Gibbon
Denton, North Yorkshire
Denton is a hamlet and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. At the 2011 Census the population of this civil parish was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Harrogate, it is situated 1 mile north-east of West Yorkshire. Denton Hall is located in the hamlet; the name Denton means farmstead or village in a valley. Media related to Denton, North Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons
West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, West Riding, was based on the historic boundaries; the lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York. Its boundaries correspond to the present ceremonial counties of West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and the Craven and Selby districts of North Yorkshire, along with smaller parts in Lancashire, Greater Manchester and, since 1996, the unitary East Riding of Yorkshire; the West Riding encompasses 1,771,562 acres from Sheffield in the south to Sedbergh in the north and from Dunsop Bridge in the west to Adlingfleet in the east. The southern industrial district, considered in the broadest application of the term, extended northward from Sheffield to Skipton and eastward from Sheffield to Doncaster, covering less than one-half of the riding. Within this district were Barnsley, Bradford, Dewsbury, Halifax, Keighley, Morley, Pontefract, Rotherham, Sheffield and Wakefield.
Major centres elsewhere in the riding included Ripon. Within the industrial region, other urban districts included Bingley, Bolton on Dearne, Cleckheaton, Featherstone, Hoyland Nether, Mexborough, Normanton, Rothwell, Shipley, Sowerby Bridge, Swinton, Wath-upon-Dearne and Worsborough. Outside the industrial region were Goole, Ilkley and Selby; the West Riding contained a large rural area to the north including part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The subdivision of Yorkshire into three ridings or "thirds" is of Scandinavian origin; the West Riding was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Unlike most English counties, being so large, was divided first into the three ridings and the city of York; each riding was divided into wapentakes, a division comparable to the hundreds of Southern England and the wards of England's four northern-most historic counties. Within the West Riding of Yorkshire there were ten wapentakes in total, four of which were split into two divisions, those were— Claro, Skyrack and Tickhill and Staincliffe.
The wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley was created with two divisions but was split into two separate wapentakes. A wapentake known as the Ainsty to the west of York, was until the 15th century a wapentake of the West Riding, but since has come under the jurisdiction of the City of York The administrative county was formed in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888, covered the historic West Riding except for the larger urban areas, which were county boroughs with the powers of both a municipal borough and a county council. There were five in number: Bradford, Huddersfield and Sheffield; the City of York was included in the county for lieutenancy purposes. The number of county boroughs increased over the years; the boundaries of existing county boroughs were widened. Beginning in 1898, the West Riding County Council was based at the County Hall in Wakefield, inherited by the West Yorkshire County Council in 1974; the Local Government Act 1888 included the entirety of Todmorden with the West Riding administrative county, in its lieutenancy area.
Other boundary changes in the county included the expansion of the county borough of Sheffield southward in areas in Derbyshire such as Dore. Fingerposts erected in the West Riding. At the top of the post was a roundel in the form of a hollow circle with a horizontal line across the middle, displaying "Yorks W. R.", the name of the fingerpost's location, a grid reference. Other counties, apart from Dorset, did not display a grid reference and did not have a horizontal bar through the roundel. From 1964, many fingerposts were replaced by ones in the modern style, but some of the old style still survive within the West Riding boundaries. By 1971 1,924,853 people lived in the administrative county, against 1,860,435 in the ten county boroughs; the term West Riding is still used in the names of the following clubs, organisations: 33rd Foot, First Yorkshire West Riding Regiment, a re-enactment group based in Halifax who depict this Regiment during the Napoleonic Wars 49 Signal Squadron, a squadron of 34 Signal Regiment based at Carlton Barracks in Leeds 51st Light Infantry, a re-enactment group based in the West Midlands who depict this Regiment during the Napoleonic Wars 106 Field Squadron, a squadron of 72 Engineer Regiment based in Greenhill and Manningham Lane, Bradford 269 Bat
Burley Woodhead
Burley Woodhead is a hamlet in the City of Bradford, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The hamlet is 1 mile to the south-west of Burley in Wharfedale, is 3 miles from the spa town of Ilkley. Burley Woodhead chiefly comprises a small cluster of farms and homes along the road from Ilkley to Guiseley at the foot of Burley Moor; the local public house is The Hermit. Burley in Wharfedale "Burley Woodhead", Burley Local History Group
Ben Rhydding
