1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Michael Jackson
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Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel
3.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
4.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
A Place with No Name
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A Place with No Name is a song by American singer Michael Jackson. A 24-second snippet of the song was released posthumously by website TMZ. com on July 16,2009. The full version leaked online on December 3,2013, the track resembles A Horse with No Name, a hit song by rock band America. At the time of the leak, America stated that they were honored that Michael Jackson chose to sample their work and it has been claimed that there are dozens and dozens of unreleased Jackson songs that could be issued for several years to come. The song was later contemporized by Norwegian producers StarGate for inclusion on Jacksons second posthumous album, Xscape, a Place with No Name was released to American urban adult contemporary radio on August 12,2014. On June 25,2009, musician Michael Jackson died following a cardiac arrest, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch stated that the two songs were just about identical. Despite the similarities between A Horse with No Name and A Place with No Name, it was revealed that Jackson had been given permission to record the latter composition. Jacksons version of A Place with No Name is not the first song by a member of the musical Jackson family to sample the work of America. Janet Jacksons hit Someone to Call My Lover — from the 2001 album All for You — samples Ventura Highway, a song from Americas 1972 Homecoming album. Prior to the leakage of the version in December 2013. On August 13,2014, A Place With No Name marks the first time a video has ever debuted exclusively on Twitter. Along with its premiere, A Place With No Name was also shown on the Sony video screen in Times Square on Wednesday night at 10 p. m. It was uploaded to Michael Jacksons VEVO page the following day, the video also weaves in rare clips from Jacksons In the Closet video shoot. A second music video was released on Michael Jacksons VEVO page on 28 August 2014, with choreographed dances performed by the dancers from Cirque du Soleils Michael Jackson, One world tour. It was filmed at different places in Los Angeles, but most of the video was shot inside the Michael Jackson, since its release on Xscape, A Place with No Name has received mixed to positive reviews. Joe Levy from Billboard called the song the centerpiece of the album, dewey Bunnell and Gerry Beckley—two members of the three part band—conveyed their gratitude toward Jackson for choosing their song as a musical template for A Place with No Name. Bunnell further commented that he was proud of the fact that recorded it. Its a good version and a derivative of the original that I wrote
7.
Ghosts (Michael Jackson song)
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HIStory/Ghosts is a double A-side single from Michael Jacksons 1997 remix album Blood on the Dance Floor, HIStory in the Mix. The original version of HIStory was released as a track on Jacksons 1995 studio album HIStory, Ghosts was a brand new recording. HIStory was composed by Michael Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis before it was remixed by Tony Moran in 1997, the original version contained many historic audio clips and samples. The remix does not have the audio clips and samples, Ghosts was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley in 1996. Commentators made observations about the lyrics, a common theme in Jacksons work. The double A-side was promoted with a video for each song. HIStory was set in a nightclub, in a futuristic era, Ghosts was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film of the same name. The song would become a top five hit in the UK and Italy, HIStory was originally written and composed by Michael Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis in 1995. It was the track on the studio album HIStory, but was not released as a single. The song sampled multiple musical compositions and historical audio quotes, all of which were dispersed throughout the track, early in the track, one even included quotes from an interview with a young Michael Jackson from 1970. Musical compositions sampled include Beethoven Lives Upstairs and The Great Gate of Kiev from Pictures at an Exhibition. In reissues of the album, the Pictures at an Exhibition piece was replaced by an improvised orchestra piece. Martin Luther King Jr. s I Have a Dream, in 1997, Jackson issued the remix album Blood on the Dance Floor, HIStory in the Mix, the second single from the album would be the double A-side HIStory/Ghosts. The HIStory portion was a Tony Moran remix of the original 1995 composition, the remix was entitled Tony Morans HIStory Lesson in the album booklet. The music video accompanied the remix opens with the scene of a woman, relaxing on a futuristic sofa. The video is set in a nightclub, wearing the goggles, the woman is led to believe she is in the nightclub too. The video ends with the woman removing the goggles, Ghosts was one of the five new tracks on the album. It was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley, instruments played on the track include a guitar and piano
8.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
9.
Sony Music
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
10.
Blood on the Dance Floor (song)
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Blood on the Dance Floor is a song by Michael Jackson. The song was released as the first single from the album, Blood on the Dance Floor. Jackson and Teddy Riley created the track in time for the 1991 release of Dangerous, however, it did not appear on that record and was minimally altered before commercial release in 1997. The song is about a woman by the name of Susie. The composition explores a variety of genres ranging from dance, funk, commentators compared Blood on the Dance Floor to music from Dangerous. Others commented on the perceived aggressive tone and the vocal style. Reviews at the time of release were mixed, but contemporary reviews have been favorable. The song was promoted with a video that premiered on Top of the Pops. It centered on Susie seducing Jackson in a dance, before opening a switchblade. Blood on the Dance Floor was the track from the remix album performed on the HIStory World Tour. The lead single peaked at one in several countries, including the UK. Teddy Riley came up with the title while Michael recorded the piece for his Dangerous album in 1991—it failed to make the final track listing. Teddy was reportedly upset that Jackson did not call him to clean this old master upon realizing it would be included on Blood on the Dance Floor. Riley wanted to update the musical composition before it appeared on the remix album, instruments played in the song include a guitar and piano, the latter of which has an F2-Eb5 range in scientific pitch notation. Jacksons vocal range on the track is C3-Bb5 and aspects of the song are performed in the key A-flat major, genres that have been attributed to the song are dance, funk and new jack swing. Jackson incorporates many of the traits associated with his work. Neil Strauss of The New York Times suggests that the woman in the title track. However, in an interview with Adrian Grant, Jackson denied that the song was about AIDS, the Dallas Morning News described Blood on the Dance Floor as an angry tale of a back-stabbing woman and Michael Saunders of The Boston Globe described it as a middling dance-funk cut
11.
Shazam (company)
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Shazam Entertainment Limited was founded in 1999 by Chris Barton, Philip Inghelbrecht, Avery Wang, and Dhiraj Mukherjee. In December 2013, according to its CEO, Shazam was one of the top ten most popular apps in the world, as of August 2014, the Shazam app had more than 100 million monthly active users and had been used on more than 500 million mobile devices. In October 2014, Shazam announced its technology has been used to identify 15 billion songs, in October 2016, Shazam announced its mobile apps have been downloaded more than 1 billion times, and users have performed more than 30 billion Shazams since launch. Shazam uses a smartphone or computers built-in microphone to gather a sample of audio being played. It creates an acoustic fingerprint based on the sample and compares it against a database for a match. If it finds a match, it sends information such as the artist, song title, some implementations of Shazam incorporate relevant links to services such as iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or Groove Music. Shazam works by analyzing the captured sound and seeking a match based on a fingerprint in a database of more than 11 million songs. Shazam identifies songs based on an audio fingerprint based on a graph called a spectrogram. Shazam stores a catalogue of audio fingerprints in a database, the user tags a song for 10 seconds and the application creates an audio fingerprint. Once it creates the fingerprint of the audio, Shazam starts the search for matches in the database, if there is a match, it returns the information to the user, otherwise it returns a song not known dialogue. Shazam offers two types of applications, a free app simply called Shazam, and an app called Shazam Encore. The update also featured a News Feed and Auto-Shazam, a feature introduced in December 2013, Shazam is a free or low-cost application that runs on Android, iOS, BlackBerry OS, and Windows systems. Shazam is also available for Mac, as a desktop application, Apple’s launch of iOS8 in September 2014 came with the seamless integration of Shazam into Apple’s intelligent personal assistant Siri function. On 24 April 2015, Shazam was also confirmed as a new optional app on watchOS, the company was founded in 1999 by Barton and Inghelbrecht, who were students at University of California, Berkeley, and Mukherjee, who worked at a London-based internet consulting firm called Viant. In need of a signal processing specialist, the founding team then hired Wang. As of September 2012, Wang is the member of the original team to remain in the company. Riley replaced Andrew Fisher, who was hired from Infospace into the CEO role in 2005 to strengthen industry partnerships, as the service grew to have a worldwide userbase, it needed to keep its database up-to-date, which it does by having relationships with labels globally. By December 2008, the database had grown to 8 million songs, in February 2013, Shazam announced a partnership with the music store Beatport, adding its library of electronic music to the service
12.
ITunes
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ITunes is a media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on personal computers running the macOS, the iTunes Store is also available on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch. Application software for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the App Store. ITunes 12.5 is the most recent major version of iTunes, available for Mac OS X v10.9.5 or later and Windows 7 or later, it was released on September 13,2016. ITunes 12.2 added Apple Music to the application, along with the Beats 1 radio station, soundJam MP, developed by Bill Kincaid and released by Casady & Greene in 1998, was renamed iTunes when Apple purchased it in 2000. Jeff Robbin, Kincaid, and Dave Heller moved to Apple as part of the acquisition and they simplified SoundJams user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. On January 9,2001, iTunes 1.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco, originally a Mac OS 9-only application, iTunes began to support Mac OS X when version 2.0 was released nine months later, which also added support for the original iPod. Version 3 dropped Mac OS9 support but added smart playlists, in April 2003, version 4.0 introduced the iTunes Store, in October, version 4.1 added support for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Introduced at Macworld 2005 with the new iPod Shuffle, Version 4.7, Version 7.0 introduced gapless playback and Cover Flow in September 2006. In March 2007, iTunes 7.1 added support for Windows Vista, iTunes lacked support for 64-bit versions of Windows until the 7.6 update on January 16,2008. ITunes is supported under any 64-bit version of Windows Vista, although the iTunes executable is still 32-bit, the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 are not supported by Apple, but a workaround has been devised for both operating systems. Version 8.0 added Genius playlists, grid view, iTunes 9 added Homeshare, enabling automatic updating of purchased items across other computers on the same subnet and offers a new iTunes Store UI. Genius Mixes were added, as well as improved app synchronization abilities and it also adds iTunes LPs to the store, which provides additional media with an album. Apple added iTunes Extras as well to the store, which adds content usually reserved for films on DVD, both iTunes LPs and Extras use web-standards HTML, JavaScript and CSS. iTunes acts as a front end for Apples QuickTime media framework. Officially, it is required in order to manage the data of an iPod, iPhone, or iPad. In addition, users are able to add PDF files to their library, the PDFs can be synchronized with and read on several devices except the regular iPod. iTunes 8.0 saw the removal of several options in the Preferences window. For example, iTunes once gave users the option to display arrows beside the selected songs title, artist, album and these arrows are no longer removable, except through the direct editing of a preferences file. ITunes keeps track of songs by creating a library, allowing users to access
13.
Amazon (company)
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Amazon. com, also called Amazon, is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company that was founded on July 5,1994, by Jeff Bezos and is based in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest Internet-based retailer in the world by total sales, the company also produces consumer electronics—notably, Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo—and is the worlds largest provider of cloud infrastructure services. Amazon also sells certain low-end products like USB cables under its in-house brand AmazonBasics. Amazon has separate retail websites for the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India, and Mexico. Amazon also offers international shipping to other countries for some of its products. In 2016, Dutch, Polish, and Turkish language versions of the German Amazon website were launched. In 2015, Amazon surpassed Walmart as the most valuable retailer in the United States by market capitalization, in 1994, Bezos left his employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co. a Wall Street firm and moved to Seattle. He began to work on a plan for what would eventually become Amazon. com. Bezos incorporated the company as Cadabra on July 5,1994, Bezos changed the name to Amazon a year later after a lawyer misheard its original name as cadaver. In September 1994, Bezos purchased the URL Relentless. com and briefly considered naming his online store Relentless, the domain is still owned by Bezos and still redirects to the retailer. The company went online as Amazon. com in 1995, Bezos placed a premium on his head start in building a brand, telling a reporter, Theres nothing about our model that cant be copied over time. But you know, McDonalds got copied, and it still built a huge, multibillion-dollar company. A lot of it comes down to the brand name, brand names are more important online than they are in the physical world. Additionally, a beginning with A was preferential due to the probability it would occur at the top of any list that was alphabetized. Since June 19,2000, Amazons logotype has featured a curved arrow leading from A to Z, representing that the company carries every product from A to Z, with the arrow shaped like a smile. After reading a report about the future of the Internet that projected annual Web commerce growth at 2, 300% and he narrowed the list to what he felt were the five most promising products, which included, compact discs, computer hardware, computer software, videos and books. Amazon was founded in the garage of Bezos home in Bellevue, the company began as an online bookstore, an idea spurred off with discussion with John Ingram of Ingram Book, along with Keyur Patel who still holds a stake in Amazon. Amazon was able to access books at wholesale from Ingram, in the first two months of business, Amazon sold to all 50 states and over 45 countries
14.
Streaming media
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Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider. A client end-user can use their player to begin to play the data file before the entire file has been transmitted. For example, in the 1930s, elevator music was among the earliest popularly available streaming media, the term streaming media can apply to media other than video and audio such as live closed captioning, ticker tape, and real-time text, which are all considered streaming text. As of 2017, streaming is generally taken to refer to cases where a user watches digital video content or listens to audio content on a computer screen. With streaming content, the user does not have to download the digital video or digital audio file before they start to watch/listen to it. There are challenges with streaming content on the Internet, as of 2016, two popular streaming services are the video sharing website YouTube, which contains video and audio files on a huge range of topics and Netflix, which streams movies and TV shows. Live streaming refers to Internet content delivered in real-time, as events happen, Live internet streaming requires a form of source media, an encoder to digitize the content, a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content. Live streaming does not need to be recorded at the origination point, in the early 1920s, George O. Attempts to display media on computers date back to the earliest days of computing in the mid-20th century, however, little progress was made for several decades, primarily due to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware. From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to various media. These technological improvement facilitated the streaming of audio and video content to users in their homes and workplaces. The band Severe Tire Damage was the first group to live on the Internet. On June 24,1993, the band was playing a gig at Xerox PARC while elsewhere in the building, as proof of PARCs technology, the bands performance was broadcast and could be seen live in Australia and elsewhere. Microsoft Research developed a Microsoft TV application which was compiled under MS Windows Studio Suite, realNetworks was also a pioneer in the streaming media markets, when it broadcast a baseball game between the New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners over the Internet in 1995. The first symphonic concert on the Internet took place at the Paramount Theater in Seattle, the concert was a collaboration between The Seattle Symphony and various guest musicians such as Slash, Matt Cameron, and Barrett Martin. When Word Magazine launched in 1995, they featured the first-ever streaming soundtracks on the Internet.4 in 1999, in June 1999 Apple also introduced a streaming media format in its QuickTime 4 application. It was later widely adopted on websites along with RealPlayer. In 2000 Industryview. com launched its worlds largest streaming video archive website to help promote themselves
15.
Tencent
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Its headquarters are in Nanshan District, Shenzhen. Its offerings in China include the well-known instant messenger Tencent QQ and one of the largest web portals, Mobile chat service WeChat has helped bolster Tencents continued expansion into smartphone services. Tencent holds 15% stake of JD. com, one of the largest B2C online retailers in China, in April 13,2015, the market value of Tencent exceeded US$200 billion for the first time, hitting US$206 billion. On September 8,2015, Tencent became the largest Internet company in Asia by value after Alibaba Group Holding Limited suffered a drop in its share value. In April 2017, Tencent surpassed Wells Fargo and became the 10th biggest company in the world, Tencent was founded by Ma Huateng, Zhang Zhidong, Xu Chenye, Chen Yidan and Zeng Liqing in November 1998 as Tencent Inc. Incorporated in the Cayman Islands, initial funding was provided to it by venture capitalists, in Feb 1999, Tencents iconic messenger product OICQ released. Shortly after, Tencent had its name changed to QQ, this was said to be due to a threat from ICQ. The company remained unprofitable for the first three years, South African media company Naspers purchased a 46% share of Tencent in 2001. Tencent Holding Ltd was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 16 June 2004, the company originally derived income solely from advertising and premium users of QQ, who pay monthly fees to receive added extras. By 2008, Tencent was seeing profit growth from the sale of virtual goods, while Tencents services have included online gaming since 2004, around 2007-2008 it rapidly increased its offerings by licensing games. While least two, CrossFire and Dungeon Fighter Online, were produced by South Korean game developers. On February 18,2011, Tencent acquired a majority equity interest in Riot Games, developer of League of Legends, Tencent had already held 22. 34% of the equity interest out of a previous investment in 2008. On the 16th December 2015, Riot Games sold its equity to Tencent Holdings. Tencent acquired a minority stake in Epic Games, developer of franchises like Unreal, Gears of War and Infinity Blade, Tencent in 2013 increased its stake in Kingsoft Network Technology, a subsidiary of Kingsoft Corporation, to 18%. Tencent previously had a 15. 68% stake in the company, Tencent took part in Activision Blizzard splitting from Vivendi as a passive investor in 2013 and now owns about 5% of the shares as of 2016. On September 17,2013, it was announced that Tencent had invested $448 million for a minority share in Chinese search engine Sogou. com, the subsidiary of Sohu, Inc. On January 15,2014, Tencent said it will invest HKD1.5 billion in logistics and warehouse firm China South City Holdings Ltd to develop its e-commerce and logistics business. On February 27,2014, Tencent purchased a 20-percent stake in restaurant ratings and group buying website Dianping for $400 million
16.
Mashup (music)
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A mashup is a song or composition created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, usually by overlaying the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another. To the extent that such works are transformative of original content, mashups are known by a number of different names, Bootlegs Boots Mash-ups Mashed hits Smashups Bastard pop Blends Cutups Powermixing Crossovers, but it is in a form of mashup, or version vs. version. In addition, more terms such as edits or remixes are favored by many bootleggers. The practice of assembling new songs from purloined elements of other tracks stretches back to the beginnings of recorded music, in addition, many elements of mashup culture have antecedents in hip hop and the DIY ethic of punk as well as overlap with the free culture movement. In 1956, Bill Buchanan and Dickie Goodman released what they called a break-in song, Goodman had several other similar hits in the 1960s and 1970s. There have been a number of novelty records and one-off hits that have included uncleared samples, the song Your Woman by White Town features an uncredited sample from a 1932 song My Woman by the Lew Stone Band taken from the soundtrack of the Dennis Potter series Pennies From Heaven. Other notable one-off bootlegs include DNAs dance remix of Suzanne Vegas Toms Diner, Toms Diner is likely to be the first song that was mash mixed as we now know the process. One series was John Morales Deadly Medleys, in which he mixed-up disco hits of the moment to form beat-consistent collages, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Dutch producer Jaap Eggermont produced the Stars on 45 series of records. These records attempted to cram as many hits as possible into the space of a three and a pop song, and are more accurately described as medleys. A similar series by Mirage in the late 1980s took this further by densely layering the songs on its Jack Mix records so that these were close to later mashups. Singer-producer Jonathan King anticipated the mashup genre with several novelty singles, in 1987, King accused the Pet Shop Boys of plagiarizing the melody of Cat Stevens Wild World for their song Its A Sin. To prove the point, King recorded a version of Wild World with an arrangement virtually identical to that of Its A Sin, little Roger and the Goosebumps released their single Gilligans Island, later renamed Stairway to Gilligans Island in May 1978 on their own Splash Records label. The song combines the lyrics to the song of the television show Gilligans Island with the music of Stairway to Heaven by Led Zeppelin. In the 1970s, Frank Zappa developed a technique he called xenochrony in which a solo was extracted from its original context. His recording engineer referred to this as the Ampex guitar, in his rock opera Joes Garage, for example, Zappas xenochrony can be heard on every track apart from Packard Goose. Rubber Shirt from the album Sheik Yerbouti consists of a bass track, John Oswald has been devising illegitimate compositions since the late 1960s. Similarly, his 1990 track Vane, which pitted two different versions of the song Youre So Vain against each other, was a blueprint for the contemporary mashup subgenre, Oswald coined the term plunderphonics to describe his illegitimate craft. Arguably his most ambitious composition to date, it attempted to microsample the history of CD music up to point in a 20-minute collage of bewildering complexity
17.
The Jackson 5
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The Jackson 5, or Jackson Five, also known as The Jacksons in later years, was an American popular music group. Formed in 1964 under the name the Jackson Brothers, the members were elder brothers Jackie, Tito. Younger brothers Marlon and Michael would join soon after and they participated in talent shows and performed in clubs on the chitlin circuit. They entered the music scene in 1967, signing with Steeltown Records. In 1969, the group left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown, the Jackson 5 was one of the first groups of black American performers to attain a crossover following, preceded by the Supremes, the Four Tops and the Temptations. In 1983, Jermaine reunited with the band to perform on Motown 25, Yesterday, Today, Forever, after the end of their tour to promote the album, Michael and Marlon Jackson promptly left the group. The remaining four released the poorly received 2300 Jackson Street album in 1989 before being dropped from their label. Inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999, following the death of Michael Jackson in 2009, the four eldest of the brothers embarked on their Unity Tour in 2012. The five Jackson brothers interest in music began in Gary, Indiana, bolstered by their father, in 1964, Joe caught Tito playing with his guitar after a string broke. Upon fixing the string, threatening punishment, Titos father had him play and was impressed enough to buy Tito his own guitar, Marlon, then seven years old, eventually joined, playing the tambourine. Johnny Jackson and Ronnie Rancifer eventually replaced Milford Hite and Reynaud Jones, during early 1968, the group also performed at strip clubs on Joes behest to earn extra income. Following initial recordings at Detroits Hitsville USA studio, Berry Gordy sent the Jacksons to Hollywood in July, hiring Suzanne de Passe to become a mentor of the brothers. Starting in August, the Jackson Five performed as the act for The Supremes. In October, their first single for Motown was released and the group promoted it while performing at the Hollywood Palace with Ross hosting, in December, the brothers made their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Afterwards, their album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, was released that same month. In January 1970, I Want You Back topped the Billboard Hot 100, led by the Corporation, the Jackson 5 released two more number-one singles, ABC and The Love You Save. All four singles were almost as popular in countries as they were in the United States. Releasing a succession of four albums in one year, the Jackson 5 replaced The Supremes as Motowns best-selling group
18.
This Place Hotel
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This Place Hotel was a hit recording by The Jacksons when it was released in 1980. Written and composed by Michael, the song would precede Jacksons own hit, Billie Jean, while his brothers did not sing background vocals, they were credited with playing percussion on the album while brother Tito contributed a guitar solo. The song has a tempo of 98 beats per minute, making it slower than many of the other disco-based songs on the album. In the song, the protagonist speaks of a time ten years ago. The staff at the hotel gave the girl the impression that he had cheated on her with someone else, something he did not do, the song reached number twenty-two on the Billboard pop singles chart and number two on the R&B singles chart. This Place Hotel was the second biggest single off their Triumph album. The song, in turn, became a concert performance for the groups next two tours right into Michaels own Bad tour. The song, like the aforementioned Can You Feel It, has one of the oft-sampled songs in hip-hop. The songs title was changed because of the 1956 Elvis Presley hit, Michael claimed to be unaware of the Presley song but had the title changed nonetheless. The song was performed on the Jacksons Triumph Tour and was used on the Jacksons Victory Tour. A spoken word and synth recording preceded the song on the first leg of the Bad tour, the song was included on Michael Jacksons The Ultimate Collection and it has been remixed on the Immortal album in 2011. A live version of the song is available on the 2012 DVD Live at Wembley July 16,1988, on March 23,2014, a video clip of a live performance of the song from the Victory Tour was uploaded to The Jacksons official YouTube account. Bass, Nathan Watts Drums, Ollie E. Brown Percussion, The Jacksons, Paulinho da Costa Timpani, Marlon Jackson Scream, La Toya Jackson
19.
Leave Me Alone
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Leave Me Alone is a single by American artist Michael Jackson. The song was featured on Jacksons seventh studio album, Bad, and was its eighth single in February 1989, but was released outside of the United States and Canada. Leave Me Alone was recorded during the album sessions but the song only appeared on the CD editions of Bad as a bonus track. The song was written and composed by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones, internationally, the song was a success, peaking at number one and two in Ireland and the United Kingdom respectively and reaching the top 10 in Belgium, New Zealand and Spain. Leave Me Alone was generally received by contemporary music critics. A short film was released for the song, in the film, Jackson pokes fun at the false rumors about him such as the stories about him purchasing the bones of The Elephant Man and his cosmetic surgeries. The short film was the recipient of a Grammy Award in 1990 for Best Short Form Music Video, despite the success of the single, the song never appeared on any of Jacksons world concert tours. Leave Me Alone was a response to negative and false stories about Jackson that frequently appeared in the media and tabloids post-1986 after the success of Thriller. Beginning in 1986, the tabloids began to publish stories about Jackson. A picture leaked out to the media of him lying down in a chamber at a hospital he visited. An unknown person took the picture of Jackson while he was testing out the chamber out of curiosity, when Jackson bought a pet chimpanzee named Bubbles, the media viewed it as evidence of Jacksons increasing detachment from reality. It was also reported that Jackson had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick and these stories inspired the nickname Wacko Jacko, which Jackson acquired the following year, and would come to despise. Another frequent response from the media was about Jacksons plastic surgery, Jacksons manager said of the medias criticism towards the topic, So many terrible things have been written. Okay, so he had his nose fixed, and the cleft — big deal, I got news for you, my nose has broke five times. Marilyn Monroe had her nose done, had her breasts done, the song has been viewed as having a paranoia theme, a theme that Jackson had frequently used on previous studio albums. The Atlantic felt that Jackson showed obvious expressions of distrust in the song and that the song was one of multiple songs where Jacksons persistent loneliness in his music was prominent. In 2009, J. Edward Keyes, of Rolling Stone, described Leave Me Alone as sounding like vintage Michael and the works because of its music. Leave Me Alone is a song played with a synthesizer
20.
Is It Scary
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Is It Scary is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. The song was written to have been featured in the 1993 film Addams Family Values. The song was recorded for Jacksons 1997 remix album, Blood on the Dance Floor, is It Scary was written and produced by Jackson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and lyrically is a paraphrase of Ghosts Is It Scary received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. Musically, the song was viewed by critics as showing a darker side of Jackson. Is It Scary was originally written by Michael Jackson, James Harris III, paramount Pictures had signed Jackson to record a horror-themed song for the film and to promote it with a video, but the song was dropped from the soundtrack due to contractual difficulties. Jackson subsequently wrote the song into his 1997 short film, Ghosts, Jackson reused lyrics from Is It Scary for the films title track, which is also included on his Blood on the Dance Floor album. Jackson, Harris and Lewis were given producing credit for the song on Blood on the Dance Floor. A remix of Is It Scary, called DJ Greeks Scary Mix, was included on a three-track minimax CD single that was released as part of the Ghosts Deluxe Collector Box Set, remixes of Is It Scary were also included on Jacksons canceled single, Smile. The radio edit for Is It Scary was later included on the disc of the deluxe edition of Jacksons greatest hits album King of Pop in 2008 in the United Kingdom. Is It Scary was also featured on the edition of King of Pop in France. Samples of Is It Scary and Threatened are featured in the Thriller segment of the documentary film. Tommy D. also produced a remix of the song, however, this mix leaked in the internet in November 2010. Is It Scary clocks in at 5,35 and is sorted into the categories of rock, soul, operatic pop. Jacksons vocals are dramatic, operatic and scary tenor, the song is performed in alternating keys of Eb minor, Ab and A major, at a tempo of 109 beats per minute. Jacksons vocal range on the song is Ab3-A5, is It Scary was never lifted as a commercial single, but it was given out to radio stations and dance clubs to promote Blood on the Dance Floor, HIStory in the Mix. Promo CD singles containing an edit and 12 promos containing three remixes of the song were released to the Netherlands. Due to lack of a release, Is It Scary did not enter any music charts. Is It Scary generally received positive to mixed reviews from music critics
21.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
22.
Dance Club Songs
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The Dance Club Songs chart is a weekly national survey of the songs that are most popular in U. S. dance clubs. It is compiled by Billboard exclusively from playlists submitted by nightclub disc jockeys who must apply, the current number-one song on the Dance Club Songs chart for the issue dated April 15,2017, is Lick Me Up by Tony Moran and Dani Toro featuring Zhana Roiya. Dance Club Songs has undergone several incarnations since its inception in 1974, originally a top-ten list of tracks that garnered the largest audience response in New York City discothèques, the chart began on October 26,1974 under the title Disco Action. The chart went on to feature playlists from various cities around the country from week to week, Billboard continued to run regional and city-specific charts throughout 1975 and 1976 until the issue dated August 28,1976, when a thirty-position National Disco Action Top 30 premiered. During the first half of the 1980s the chart maintained eighty slots until March 16,1985 when the Disco charts were splintered and renamed, two charts appeared, Hot Dance/Disco, which ranked club play, and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, which ranked 12-inch single sales. Only Hot Dance Club Songs still exists today and these stations are also a part of the electronically monitored panel that encompasses the Hot 100. Radio airplay is not limited to that counted on the Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, during this time, Billboard rival publication Record World was the first to compile a dance chart which incorporated club play on a national level. Noted Billboard statistician Joel Whitburn has since adopted Record Worlds chart data from the weeks between March 29,1975 and August 21,1976 into Billboards club play history. For the sake of continuity, Record Worlds national chart is incorporated into both Whitburns Dance/Disco publication as well as the 1975 and 1976 number-ones lists, with the issue dated August 28,1976, Billboard premiered its own national chart and their data is used from this date forward. For the full list of all 100 All Time Top Dance Club Artists, both Enrique Iglesias and Dave Aude are tied with 14 number-ones on the chart, the most among male artists. Iglesias, however, is the male vocalist to accomplish this feat, while Aude is the only producer to achieve this milestone. Four acts have attained thirteen number-one songs, Whitney Houston, Kylie Minogue, Yoko Ono, Kylie Minogue became the first act to have two songs in the top three on March 5,2011. Her song Better than Today was number-one while Higher, a song by Taio Cruz on which Minogue features, was number three, the first 12-inch single made commercially available to the public was Ten Percent by Double Exposure in 1976. The first number one on Billboards Disco Action chart was Never Can Say Goodbye by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, the first number one on Billboards National Disco Action Top 30 was You Should Be Dancing by the Bee Gees in 1976. Beginning with the February 23,1991 issue, the dance chart became song specific, in all scenarios this was due to the tracks being included in film soundtrack albums. In 1978, four tracks from Thank God Its Friday, in 1980, madonna holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits and the most total weeks at number one. The Trammps are the act to replace themselves at number one. The longest running number-ones on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart are Bad Luck by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes2 in 1975, both entries spent eleven weeks in the top spot
23.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
24.
Michael Jackson singles discography
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This article lists the singles discography of Michael Jackson, with a partial list of singles released physically and other singles. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom and Canada, the value of the awards has changed over time, since 1989, since 1997, in the United States and Australia, the certification is based on the year an award is given. NOTES,1 Not released for sale in the United States,3 Digital release, or song not released as single that charted based on digital downloads. 4 Jackson was not credited on the charts for his vocal contributions,5 Prior to September 1993, the charts in Sweden were released bi-weekly, Austria released charts bi-weekly in the 1980s, and monthly in the 70s. 6 Prior to November 1984, there are no reliable weekly charts from France, in 2000, Fabrice Ferment, in collaboration with SNEP, compiled monthly charts for the periods pre-SNEP charts based on retail sales of the time. In the United States, Dont Stop Til You Get Enough, Billie Jean won a 2× Platinum award. In the United States, Billie Jean, Beat It and Thriller won also a Gold Award in the Mastertone category, awards from Denmark awarded in the Track category. Awards from Spain awarded in the digital category. S
25.
Got to Be There (song)
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Got to Be There is the debut single written by Elliot Willensky for American recording artist Michael Jackson, whose original version was released as his first solo single in 1971 on Motown Records. The song was produced by Hal Davis and recorded at Motowns Hitsville West studios in Hollywood, the single became an immediate success, reaching number one on Cashboxs pop and R&B singles charts, while reaching number four on Billboards pop and R&B singles charts. Released to select European countries, it found success, reaching number five in the UK. The song was composed as a pop ballad with soul and soft rock elements, the song was musically arranged by Dave Blumberg while Willie Hutch produced its vocal arrangements. Fellow Motown recording act The Miracles recorded the track for their studio album, Flying High Together. In 1982, Chaka Khan had a top 5 R&B hit version with the song, in 1993, George Benson performed the track using his guitar and vocal hums on his 1993 album, Love Remembers. In 2007, group Boyz II Men covered it for their 2007 release, Motown, got to Be There –3,23 B. Maria –3,41 Written and composed by Elliot Willensky Produced by Hal Davis Lead vocals by Michael Jackson Arrangement by Dave Blumberg Vocal arrangement by Willie Hutch
26.
Ain't No Sunshine
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Aint No Sunshine is a song by Bill Withers from his 1971 album Just As I Am, produced by Booker T. Jones. The record featured musicians Donald Duck Dunn on bass guitar, Al Jackson, Jr. on drums, string arrangements were done by Booker T. Jones, and recorded in Memphis by engineer Terry Manning. The song is in the key of A minor, the song was released as a single in 1971, becoming a breakthrough hit for Withers, reaching number six on the U. S. R&B Chart and number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Billboard ranked it as the No.23 song for 1971, Withers was inspired to write this song after watching the 1962 movie Days of Wine and Roses. He explained, in reference to the characters played by Lee Remick and Jack Lemmon and its like going back for seconds on rat poison. Sometimes you miss things that werent particularly good for you and its just something that crossed my mind from watching that movie, and probably something else that happened in my life that Im not aware of. So when they said to leave it like that, I left it, Withers, then thirty-one years old, was working at a factory making toilet seats for 747s at the time he wrote the song. On the American Top 40 program of November 6,1976, Casey Kasem reported that when the song went gold, Aint No Sunshine was the first of Withers three gold records in the U. S. The song was released as the B-side to another song called Harlem. Disc jockeys played Aint No Sunshine as the single instead, and it became a huge hit, Harlem was subsequently covered by The 5th Dimension, which was featured on their Soul and Inspiration album and released as a single. Withers performed the song on The Old Grey Whistle Test, Aint No Sunshine is ranked 285th on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song won the Grammy for Best R&B Song in 1972, in 1971 singer Michael Jackson recorded a cover version of Bill Withers song for his debut album Got to Be There. In the UK the song was released as the single from the album. It was a hit, peaking in the UK Singles Chart at number 8 for 3 weeks in September 1972, boris Gardiner recorded a version of Aint No Sunshine in 1973 with Paul Douglas singing lead, for the album Is Whats Happening. In November 1991, Australian pop band Rockmelons, released a version as the single from their second studio album. The song peaked at number 5 and was certified Gold in Australia, in 1999, South African male choral group Ladysmith Black Mambazo, released a version as a single from their studio album, In Harmony. The single peaked at number 42 in the UK, polish band Budka Suflera covered the song in 1974 under the title Sen o dolinie as a non-album track. It was later added to the compilation albums
27.
I Wanna Be Where You Are
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I Wanna Be Where You Are is a song written by Arthur T-Boy Ross and Leon Ware for Michael Jackson, who took the song to number 7 in Cash Box and number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also reached number 2 on the U. S. R&B singles chart in 1972 and his third straight Top 10 Pop hit during his early solo career with Motown. It was also the first collaboration between Ware and Ross, the brother of legendary superstar Diana Ross. This song would be one of Jacksons most covered songs, by singers including Zulema, Marvin Gaye, Willie Hutch, Ware and Ross also penned the classic Marvin Gaye hit, I Want You several years afterwards. I Wanna Be Where You Are -2,58 B, in 1993 Weavers cover followed, and then the Fugees version was completely different save for the choruses sung by Lauryn Hill. Juelz Santana sampled the song on two tracks, Did U Miss Me pts.1 &2, on the DJ Green Lantern mixtape Alive on Arrival. 1970s Dusty Springfield performed the song on the BBC1 TV show Its Lulu, Not To Mention Dudley Moore, gary Bartz opened his 1972 album Juju Street Songs with an interpretation of the song. Co-writer Leon Ware recorded a version for his 1976 Motown album Musical Massage, melissa Manchester released a cover of the song in 1977 which failed to chart. In 1978, Latin jazz flutist Dave Valentin covered a version of the song on his debut album Legends. 1980s Jose Feliciano, on his first album for Motown Records, produced by Berry Gordy, covered the song in English, R&B artist Sybil recorded the song for her eponymous second album, her first for the American market. The song was released as a single in 1990 and peaked at #86 in the US R&B Charts, 1990s MC Lyte sampled the song for her hit track Poor Georgie in 1991. There is an interpolation of the song in Grand Pubas 1995 hit I Like It from the album 2000, SWV covered the song with Missy Elliott on the 1998 original soundtrack for the film Hav Plenty. 2000s VH1s 2003 reality series Born To Diva’s winner Tarralyn Ramsey sampled the song on her second album Tarralyn in 2004, chris Browns Yo sampled the song on his 2005 eponymous debut album. Carleen Anderson performed the song as a duet with Paul Weller on her 2005 album Soul Providence, hutchs version was sampled by singer Mary J. Blige for her song You Cant Hide from Luv from her The Breakthrough album. Jennifer Lopez sampled the song in her song Gotta Be There, Murs sampled the song for Can It Be on his 2008 album Murs For President. In July 2009, rapper 50 Cent freestyled over the instrumental, the song titled Michael Jackson Freestyle released on his mixtape Forever King. Q The Kid sampled the Michael Jackson version of the song in his song Been Away, which features Jermaine Dupri, 2010s Jazz keyboardist Bob Baldwin released a cover from the album Brazil Chill and 2010 for his tribute album Never Can Say Goodbye. Cali Swag District sampled the song for their second single Where You Are on their debut album, American R&B recording artist Beyoncé Knowles covered the song during her 2009 revue show I Am
28.
Rockin' Robin (song)
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Rockin Robin is a song written by Leon René under the pseudonym of Jimmie Thomas and recorded by Bobby Day in 1958. It was Days only hit single, becoming a hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The 45 single release by Bobby Day showed Rock-in Robin, michael Jackson recorded and released a cover version of Rockin Robin in 1972, which was taken from his gold-certified solo album titled Got to Be There. It was the biggest hit from the album, hitting no.1 on the Cash Box singles chart, a. Rockin Robin –2,30 B. Love Is Here and Now Youre Gone –2,51 The song was covered in 1965 by Australian band The Henchmen and this version reached the Australian top 10. Checkmates, Ltd. released a version of the song as part of a medley on their 1967 debut album, UK singer Lolly covered this song in 1999, as a double A-side with Big Boys Dont Cry. The single peaked at ten in the UK Singles Chart
29.
Love Is Here and Now You're Gone
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Love Is Here and Now Youre Gone is a 1967 song recorded by The Supremes for the Motown label. The song, which depicts a relationship in the stages of breakup, features several spoken sections from lead singer Diana Ross. The single was also the sixth number one on the R&B charts. The girl group performed the hit record on NBCs The Andy Williams Show on Sunday, January 22,1967, lyricist Eddie Holland names Love is Here as his favorite Supremes song. Produced by Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier Michael Jackson later covered Love Is Here, on the 45 versions, it was the B-side of his number two smash, Rockin Robin. It also featured on the Jackson And The Beanstalk episode of the new Jackson 5 cartoon series in 1971, tami Lynn covered a version of this song with the title Love Here and Now Youre Gone in her debut album, Love Is Here and Now Youre Gone in 1972. Phil Collins included this song on his 2010 album of soul covers, list of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1967
30.
You've Got a Friend
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Youve Got a Friend is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first recorded by King, and included in her album Tapestry, another well-known version is by James Taylor from his album Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon. His was released as a single in 1971 reaching number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, the two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with shared musicians. Youve Got a Friend won Grammy Awards both for Taylor and King, dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray and Donny Hathaway. Youve Got a Friend was written by Carole King during the January 1971 recording sessions for her own album Tapestry, and James Taylors album Mud Slide Slim, King has stated that the song was as close to pure inspiration as Ive ever experienced. It was written by something outside myself, through me, according to Taylor, King told him that the song was a response to a line in Taylors earlier song Fire and Rain that I’ve seen lonely times when I could not find a friend. Kings album was recorded in an overlap with Taylors, and King, Danny Kortchmar, the song is included on both albums, King said in a 1972 interview that she didnt write it with James or anybody really specifically in mind. But when James heard it he really liked it and wanted to record it, Taylors version was released as a single, and reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The James Taylor version also spent one week at the top of the Easy Listening charts, Billboard ranked it as the No.17 song for 1971. During the recording process, Taylor also offered to his Apple Records labelmate Mary Hopkin a chance to record the song, which she turned down, James Taylor and Carole King performed Youve Got a Friend together in 2010 during their Troubadour Reunion Tour. According to author James D. Perone, the themes include an expression of a universal, sisterly/brotherly, agape-type love of one human being for another. The reassuring lyrics have made the song popular with lonely people needing a boost of self-confidence. The songs messages of friendship having no boundaries and a friend being there when you are in need has universal appeal, for Taylor the lyrics had particular resonance due to the depression he had recovered from shortly before hearing King play the song. The music moves between a major and minor key, which according to music critic Maury Dean gives the song a sympathetic mood, in his review of Tapestry, Rolling Stone critic Jon Landau called Youve Got a Friend Carole Kings most perfect new song. He particularly praised how the melody and lyrics support each other, mojo considered the song to probably be the core of Tapestry. Allmusic critic Stewart Mason commented on the intimacy of Kings performance. Mason finds that the shyness of Kings voice gives her recording of the song a sincerity that he finds Taylors to lack, Mason also praises the depth and shading provided by the string instruments on Kings recording. Music critic Maury Dean describes Taylors performance style for the song as minimalist and folkish, Dusty Springfield recorded the song in early 1971 during the sessions for her third Atlantic Records album Faithful
31.
My Girl (The Temptations song)
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My Girl is a 1964 standard recorded by The Temptations for the Gordy label which became a number one hit in 1965. Written and produced by The Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Ronald White, the became the Temptations first U. S. number-one single. Robinsons inspiration for writing this song was his wife, Miracles member Claudette Rogers Robinson, the song was featured on the Temptations album The Temptations Sing Smokey. Musically, the song is notable because the six ascending guitar notes in the riff over the C chord are a perfect example of a C major pentatonic scale. Similarly, the riff in the song that is played over the F chord is a perfect example of an F major pentatonic scale. The recorded version of My Girl was the first Temptations single to feature David Ruffin on lead vocals, previously, Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams had performed most of the groups lead vocals, and Ruffin had joined the group as a replacement for former Temptation Elbridge Bryant. While on tour as part of the Motortown Revue, a tour for most of the Motown roster. The group had included a medley of standards in the show, one of which. Impressed, Robinson decided to produce a single with Ruffin singing lead, Robinson saw Ruffin as a sleeping giant in the group with a unique voice that was mellow yet gruff. Robinson thought that if he could write just the song for Ruffins voice. The song was to be something that Ruffin could belt out yet something that was also melodic, according to Robinson, he allowed the group to create their own background vocals because they were so great at background vocals. The signature guitar riff heard during the introduction and under the verses was played by Robert White of the Funk Brothers and this part can be heard without vocals on the 2004 deluxe edition of the soundtrack from the 2002 documentary Standing in the Shadows of Motown. My Girl was later sampled for Stay, a single from the Temptations 1998 album Phoenix Rising, the single was re-released in 1992. It did not reach the Billboard charts, but did reach number two in the UK Singles Chart and my Girl climbed to the top of the U. S. pop charts after its Christmas time 1964 release, making it the Temptations first number-one hit. The single was also the first number-one hit on the reinstated Billboard R&B Singles chart, the single also gave the Gordy label its first number one on the Hot 100. The Temptations were the first Motown act to earn a Grammy, in 2004, My Girl was ranked number 88 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. This version, produced by Steve Cropper, was featured on Reddings critically acclaimed album Otis Blue, in 1975, Glen Campbell recorded the song on his album Rhinestone Cowboy. In 1988, Suave had a Top 40 Pop hit & Top 10 R&B hit with the song, r&B/soul group The Whispers covered the song in a disco style for their eponymous 1980 album
32.
With a Child's Heart
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With a Childs Heart is a song by the singer Stevie Wonder, from his album Up-Tight. The song was released as the b-side to the single Nothings Too Good for My Baby, stevies original version of With a Childs Heart was released in 1966, as the B side to his hit, Nothings Too Good For My Baby. Both songs were taken from his album, Up-Tight. Although this version completely missed the Billboard Hot 100, it was a huge R&B hit, reaching the Top 10 of Billboards R&B Chart, the song was later covered by singer Michael Jackson and released as the first single from his 1973 album Music & Me. The song peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart, number 14 on the US R&B chart, nearly all disc pressings of the Michael Jackson single had a track called Morning Glow, the ninth track on the album originally written by composer Stephen Schwartz. In a 2003 interview with Martin Bashir, Jackson admitted that he no longer remembered having recorded the song, with a Childs Heart was later covered by American singer Raven-Symoné, taken from her second studio album, Undeniable. It was released as a single in 1999, raven toured the United States going to various schools and malls to promote the single, and even went on a tour with *NSYNC. Her version appeared in the version of the Music of the Heart soundtrack. Three music videos were made for the song, the first one used the original version, the second used the ballad version. Despite the music videos and heavy promotion, the single never took off and failed to dent the charts. With a Childs Heart –3,53 With a Childs Heart –5,34 With a Childs Heart –3,38 With a Childs Heart –4,21 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
33.
All the Things You Are
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All the Things You Are is a song composed by Jerome Kern, with lyrics written by Oscar Hammerstein II. The song was written for the musical Very Warm for May, introduced by Hiram Sherman, Frances Mercer, Hollace Shaw, and Ralph Stuart. It later appeared in the film Broadway Rhythm, and was performed during the opening credits and it also appeared in the 2005 film Mrs. Henderson Presents starring Judi Dench. The song ranked in the top five of the Record Buying Guide of Billboard, recordings by Tommy Dorsey, Artie Shaw, and Frankie Masters propelled the song during its initial popularity. Its verse is rarely sung now, but the chorus has become a favourite with singers. Note, The harmonic analysis demonstrates the use of the technique known as circle of fifths. The chords of the A2 section precisely echo those of the initial eight measure A section, so Fmi7 in A becomes Cmi7 in A2, Bbmi7 becomes Fmi7, Eb7 becomes Bb7, etc. In the same vein, the melody sung over A2 is identical to the A section melody except every pitch of every note is also lowered by a perfect 4th interval. The first 5 measures of A3 are identical to the initial 8 measure long A, in the 6th measure, A3 takes a new path that does not come to an end until the 12 measure of the section. 3 no.2, the other is an interpolation of the song from Ferde Grofes Grand Canyon Suite. He used to call it YATAG which is an acronym for the lines you are the angel glow in the B part of the tune. com All the Things You Are for Jazz Guitar Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
34.
Happy (Michael Jackson song)
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Happy is a song recorded by Michael Jackson for the Motown label in 1973. The song featured on Jacksons album Music & Me and its full title is Happy, although it was never featured in the film or the soundtrack for Lady Sings the Blues. The song was released as a single in Australia, backed by In Our Small Way, Jackson continued to perform the track in concert as late as 1977, citing it as one of his favorite songs. The song was not released as a single in the UK until 1983 to promote Motowns 18 Greatest Hits compilation album, upon its release, Happy peaked at #52 on the British pop chart. It was also issued as a single by Bobby Darin and included on his posthumous Motown LP Darin and it was later recorded by the songs composer, Smokey Robinson, and appeared on his landmark solo album A Quiet Storm. According to Robinson, the song was inspired by the films melody, Michael Jackson, The Ultimate Collection booklet. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
35.
Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)
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Too Young is a popular song. The music was written by Sidney Lippman, the lyrics by Sylvia Dee, the song was published in 1951. In the United States, the version of the song was recorded by Nat King Cole on February 6,1951. It was a record and reached the #1 position on the Billboard chart, staying at #1 for 5 weeks. Billboard ranked this version as the No.1 song of 1951, Cole described this song as one of his three favorites among his own songs. Several contemporary versions were recorded, making the charts but not as high. The recording by Patty Andrews was released by Decca Records as catalog number 27569 and it first reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on June 8,1951 and lasted 1 week on the chart, peaking at #30. On other Billboard charts, this version reached as high as #19, versions that did not make the top 30 best-seller list, but did chart on other Billboard charts were by Toni Arden, by Fran Allison, by Richard Hayes, and by Michael Jackson 1973. Semprini, piano with rhythm accompaniment recorded it in London on July 7,1951, as the song of the medley Dancing to the piano. Hit Medley of Slow Foxtrots along with Alice in Wonderland and Forbidden Love and it was released by EMI on the His Masters Voice label as catalog number B10123. In the United Kingdom, Jimmy Young had a hit version of the song, sam Cooke recorded it for his Hits of the Fifties LP1960. A version by Donny Osmond became a hit for him, spending eight weeks on the chart with a position of #13 when released as a single in 1972. In Akira Kurosawas 1952 film Ikiru, protagonist Watanabes daughter-in-law is heard humming the tune in a scene in which the character is approaching the family home late at night
36.
We're Almost There
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Were Almost There is a 1975 song released as a single by singer Michael Jackson, the first release from his final Motown album, Forever, Michael. As Jacksons voice matured, Motown found it difficult to find material to suit Jackson, with the return of the Holland brothers Brian and Edward, Motown had the duo write a collection of songs to fit Jacksons age. The duo composed this song and the modest hit, Just a Little Bit of You, performing more modestly, the song eventually peaked at number 54 on the pop chart while hitting number 7 on the R&B chart. These two singles would end up being the last Jackson released as an active Motown artist though the label continued to release Jackson singles until 1984, the song was later sampled on the 2010 hip-hop release Our Dreams on the Wu-Massacre album. Lead vocal by Michael Jackson Produced by Brian Holland Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
37.
One Day in Your Life (Michael Jackson song)
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One Day in Your Life is a song recorded by Michael Jackson for his 1975 album, Forever, Michael. Jackson and Whitney Houston rehearsed and were meant to perform the song during the 2001 Michael Jackson, 30th Anniversary Special concerts, but for unknown reasons the song was not performed. While a modest US hit, it was a hit in the UK. It was number one in the UK for two weeks in June and July 1981 and it also topped the Irish Singles Chart, and also featured strongly on the South African singles charts. It was released on the Motown label and it went on to become the sixth best-selling single of 1981 in the UK. Robert Christgau called this song a romantic ballad that is as credible on its own terms as the rockers, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
