1.
BBC Radio 1
–
Radio 1 provides alternative genres after 7,00 pm, including electronic dance, hip hop, rock, indie or interviews. It was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated by radio stations. Recently, the BBC claimed that it targets the 15–29 age group. BBC Radio 1 started 24-hour broadcasting on 1 May 1991, Radio 1 was established in 1967 as a successor to the BBC Light Programme, which had broadcast popular music and other entertainment since 1945. Radio 1 was conceived as a response to the popularity of offshore pirate radio stations such as Radio Caroline and Radio London. Radio 1 was launched at 7,00 am on Saturday 30 September 1967. The first words on Radio 1 – after a countdown by the Controller of Radios 1 and 2, Robin Scott, welcome to the exciting new sound of Radio 1. This was the first use of US-style jingles on BBC radio, the first complete record played on Radio 1 was Flowers in the Rain by The Move. The second single was Massachusetts by The Bee Gees, the breakfast show remains the most prized slot in the Radio 1 schedule, with every change of breakfast show presenter exciting considerable media interest. Despite this, it gained massive audiences, becoming the most listened to station in the world with audiences of over 10 million claimed for some of its shows, in the early-mid-1970s Radio 1 presenters were rarely out of the British tabloids, thanks to the Publicity Departments high-profile work. Alan Freemans Saturday Rock Show was voted Best Radio Show 5 years running by readers of a music publication. In his last few months as controller, Johnny Beerling commissioned a handful of new shows that in some set the tone for what was to come under Matthew Bannister. One of these Loudnproud was the UKs first national radio series aimed at a gay audience, far from being a parting quirk, the show was a surprise hit and led to the networks first coverage of the large outdoor Gay Pride event in 1994. Bannister took the reins fully in October 1993 and his aim was to rid the station of its Smashie and Nicey image and make it appeal to the under 25s. Although originally launched as a station, by the early 1990s. Many listeners rebelled as the first new DJs to be introduced represented a crossover from other parts of the BBC with Emma Freud, Evans was a popular but controversial presenter who was eventually sacked in 1997 after he demanded to present the breakfast show for only four days per week. Evans was replaced from 17 February 1997 by Mark and Lard – Mark Radcliffe and they were replaced by Zoë Ball and Kevin Greening eight months later in October 1997, with Greening moving on and leaving Ball as solo presenter. Documentaries like John Peels Lost in Music which looked at the influence that the use of drugs have had over popular musicians received critical acclaim but were slated inside Broadcasting House, later in the 1990s the Britpop boom declined, and manufactured chart pop came to dominate the charts
2.
Chris Morris (satirist)
–
Christopher J Chris Morris is an English comedian, writer, director, actor, voice actor, and producer. He is known for his humour, surrealism, and controversial subject matter. His tendency to avoid the media spotlight has seen him become one of the more enigmatic figures in British comedy, in the early 1990s, Morris teamed up with his radio producer, Armando Iannucci, to create On the Hour, a satire of news programmes. This was expanded into a spin off, The Day Today, which launched the career of Steve Coogan. Morris further developed the satirical news format with Brass Eye, which lampooned celebrities whilst focusing on such as crime. For many, the apotheosis of Morriss career was a Brass Eye special and it quickly became one of the most complained about programmes in British television history, leading the Daily Mail to describe him as the most loathed man on TV. Meanwhile, Morriss postmodern sketch and ambient music radio show Blue Jam helped him to gain a cult following and he went on to win a BAFTA for Best Short Film after expanding a Blue Jam sketch into My Wrongs 8245–8249 &117, which starred Paddy Considine. Blue Jam was adapted into the TV series Jam and this was followed by Nathan Barley, a sitcom written in collaboration with a then little-known Charlie Brooker that satirised hipsters, which had low ratings but found success upon its DVD release. Morris followed this by joining the cast of the Graham Linehan sitcom The IT Crowd, in 2010, Morris directed his first feature-length film, Four Lions, which satirised Islamic terrorism through a group of inept British Pakistanis. Reception of the film was positive, earning Morris his second BAFTA. Since 2012, he has directed four episodes of Iannuccis political comedy Veep and appeared onscreen in The Double and he has two younger brothers, including theatre director Tom Morris. From an early age he was a prankster, and also had a passion for radio, from the age of 10 he was educated at Stonyhurst College, an independent Jesuit boarding school in Lancashire. He went to study zoology at the University of Bristol, where he gained a 2,1, on graduating, Morris pursued a career as a musician in various bands, for which he played the bass guitar. He then went to work for Radio West, a radio station in Bristol. He then took up a news traineeship with BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and he also spent time in early 1987 hosting a 2–4pm afternoon show and finally ended up presenting Saturday morning show I. T. In July 1987, he moved on to BBC Radio Bristol to present his own show No Known Cure, the show was surreal and satirical, with odd interviews conducted with unsuspecting members of the public. He was fired from Bristol in 1990 after talking over the news bulletins, in 1988 he also joined, from its launch, Greater London Radio. He presented The Chris Morris Show on GLR until 1993, when one show got suspended after a sketch was broadcast involving a child outing celebrities, in 1991, Morris joined Armando Iannuccis spoof news project On the Hour
3.
Kevin Eldon
–
Kevin Eldon is an English actor and comedian. He featured in British comedy television shows of the 1990s including Fist of Fun, Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, Big Train, Brass Eye, in 2013 he appeared in his own BBC sketch series, Its Kevin. In 2016 Eldon joined the HBO series Game of Thrones, Eldon was born in Chatham, Kent. He has been a practising Nichiren Buddhist since 1990 and he has a daughter with his long-term girlfriend Holly whom he met on the set of Hyperdrive where she was the art director. He started on the circuit in the early 1990s performing an act in character as the political poet Paul Hamilton. Lee and Herring would usually refer to him as the actor Kevin Eldon, in reference to his claim to be an actor, rather than a comedian. He played recurring characters Simon Quinlank, the self-confessed King of Hobbies and Rod Hull an nonsensical version of Rod Hull with a prosthetic limb and an obsession with jelly. In 1994 and 1997, he appeared at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival as part the comedy troupe Cluub Zarathustra other comedians included Roger Mann, Johnny Vegas, Simon Munnery and they were given a Channel 4 pilot which led to the television series Attention Scum. The book You Are Nothing by Robert Wringham praises the performers talent, from March 2009, Eldon appeared in Stewart Lees Comedy Vehicle in a number of the shows sketches most often with Paul Putner. Eldon has appeared in many British comedy shows from the 1990s onwards, during the 1990s he worked with comedians such as Simon Pegg, Mark Heap, Julia Davis, Amelia Bullmore and others in the sketch comedy series Big Train. He had worked previously with some of the cast in the satirical series Brass Eye, dark comedy Jam, Eldon would later act in Nathan Barley and in the 2010 film Four Lions as a police sniper also written by Christopher Morris. In 2004, Eldon appeared in the BAFTA-award-winning dark comedy Nighty Night as Terry Tyrrell and they also appeared later in Hunderby, another dark comedy written by Julia Davis, Little Crackers and Psychobitches. He worked again with Pegg in an episode in the sitcom Spaced with Mark Gatiss, Eldon has appeared on stage and screen numerous times with the comedian Bill Bailey. He played the role in Baileys 2007 Tinselworm tour, Channel 4s Comedy Gala in 2010. In late 2006, Eldon helped, alongside Bill Bailey, to organise and produce a short tour, the show was a collection of sketches written by Harold Pinter also starring Geraldine McNulty and Sally Philips. They also appeared together when Eldon was a panellist on Nevermind the Buzzcocks in 2007 and they also acted together in the sitcom Black Books episode Grapes of Wrath, where Eldon played The Cleaner. Eldon has also had minor guest starring roles in numerous projects, including Smack the Pony, Green Wing, The IT Crowd. In February 2010, Eldon appeared in the pilot for a sort-of-sketch-show called Missing Scene, in 2011 he appeared in sketches throughout How TV Ruined Your Life, and, with Paul Whitehouse, as one of a pair of women 1950s typists in Series 4 of Harry and Paul
4.
Graham Linehan
–
Graham Linehan is an Irish television comedy writer and director who, often in partnership with Arthur Mathews, has written or co-written a number of popular television comedies. He is most noted for the sitcoms Father Ted, Black Books, amongst others, he has also worked on Big Train, Count Arthur Strong, Brass Eye and The Fast Show. He also had a column with the magazine In Dublin before moving to London, Linehan is married to Helen Serafinowicz, a writer and the sister of Peter Serafinowicz, and the couple have two children. Linehan and Mathews first met while working at Hot Press, the two continued their collaboration with Paris and Father Ted. They then wrote the first series of the sketch show Big Train and they also wrote the Dearth of A Salesman episode for the series Coogans Run, which featured the character Gareth Cheeseman. In late 2003, they were named one of the 50 funniest acts to work in television by The Observer, Linehan has since written for other shows, including Brass Eye. With Dylan Moran, he co-wrote the first series of Black Books, Linehan has also contributed material to Blue Jam, and its television adaptation Jam. In November 2008, he was awarded an International Emmy for The IT Crowd, in 2013, he wrote and directed The Walshes. Linehan and Mathews have had one book published, Father Ted and they have also contributed to various magazines and written surreal liner notes for the popular Volume series of alternative music compilations. This film appears as an extra on The IT Crowd, Version 1.0 DVD and he was also an executive producer of the first series of The IT Crowd, and an associate producer of one episode of Father Ted. Both Linehan and Mathews have made appearances in programmes they have written. They also made an appearance in the sitcom Im Alan Partridge as two Irish TV producers considering Alan Partridge for a contract and he appeared in the Identity Parade round of Never Mind the Buzzcocks. Linehan was one of the writers interviewed by Charlie Brooker in a special episode of the fifth series of Brookers Screenwipe programme. Linehan also appeared as a guest panellist on Have I Got News for You in 2011 and again in 2012 and he received a score of −19 on his only appearance on QI. In 2007, a documentary about Linehan, his life and his career was produced by Wildfire Films for RTÉ One and this documentary explored the art, craft and deeply competitive business of creating contemporary television comedy. It was directed by Adrian McCarthy and produced by Martha ONeill, in 2011, Linehan also appeared with several members of the cast in Channel 4s Father Ted Night, an evening of the writers favourite episodes and two retrospective documentaries. On 6 June 2011, Linehan appeared on BBC Radio 4s Today programme to discuss his adaption of the Ealing comedy film The Ladykillers for the West End stage. During this appearance, Linehan took issue with Today presenter Justin Webb over what he saw as the staging of an artificial argument between himself and the critic Michael Billington
5.
Robert Katz
–
Robert Katz was an American novelist, screenwriter, and non-fiction author. Katz was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Sidney and Helen Katz, née Holland, the couple had two sons, Stephen Lee Katz, Jonathan Howard Katz. He studied at Brooklyn College 1951–53 and went on to be a photojournalist, filmmaker, United Hias Service, as a writer, he began at the American Cancer Society in New York and then at the United Nations in New York and Rome. He was a writer from 1964 until his death. He fulfilled academic roles at numerous institutions, including being Visiting Professor of Investigative Journalism at the University of California, awarded an ongoing Guggenheim Fellowship in 1970, he has also been a fellow of Adlai E. Stevenson College, University of California during 1986 to 1992. He became a grantee of the American Council of Learned Societies in 1971, the case ended with the charges being ruled inconclusive, although this was regarded as a defeat for Katz and he remained bitter over it until the end of his life. The book was made into the 1973 film Massacre in Rome, Katz lived for many years in Tuscany, Italy. He died October 20,2010, in Montevarchi, Italy, Death in Rome, New York, Macmillan Publishers,1967. Black Sabbath, A Journey through a Crime against Humanity, Macmillan,1969, the Fall of the House of Savoy, Macmillan,1971. A Giant in the Earth, Stein & Day,1973, days of Wrath, The Ordeal of Aldo Moro, the Kidnapping, the Execution, the Aftermath, Doubleday,1980. Love is Colder than Death, The Life and Times of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, naked by the Window, The Fatal Marriage of Carl Andre and Ana Mendieta, Atlantic Monthly Press,1990. The Battle for Rome, the Germans, the Allies, the Partisans, the Spoils of Ararat, Houghton,1978
6.
DJ Shadow
–
Joshua Paul Josh Davis, better known by his stage name DJ Shadow, is an American record producer and DJ. He first gained notice with the release of his acclaimed debut studio album. He has a record collection of over 60,000 records. During this period he was significant in developing the experimental hip-hop style associated with the London-based Mo Wax record label. His early singles, including In/Flux and Lost and Found, were genre-bending, merging elements of funk, rock, hip hop, ambient, jazz, soul, and used-bin found records. Andy Pemberton, a music journalist, writing for Mixmag, coined the term trip hop in June 1994 to describe Shadows In/Flux single and similar tracks being spun in London clubs at the time. He has cited Kurtis Mantronik, Steinski, and Prince Paul as influences on his sound, further claiming that lyrics were confining. His music rarely features more than short clips of voices or vocal work, during 1991-1992, DJ Shadow remixes were released on Hollywood BASIC, a short-lived rap/hip-hop subsidiary label of Hollywood Records. Also in 1992, Shadow contributed scratching and production work to Sleeping with the Enemy, early in 1993, Shadow was a part of the creation of the Solesides underground hip-hop label, in conjunction with Blackalicious and Lyrics Born. Rapper Gift of Gab is featured in the version of Count, Shadow continued to participate in releases on the Solesides label for years to come, until the label was disbanded in favor of Quannum Projects. Also in 1993, Mo Waxs James Lavelle contacted Shadow about releasing In/Flux on the fledgling imprint, the association with Mo Wax was a productive one, his tracks In/Flux and Lost and Found made their way onto some releases over the next few years. Shadow also worked with DJ Krush during this period, on a 1995 visit to the Mo Wax Studios in London, England, Shadow was recruited to perform scratches on a James Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy mix of the Massive Attack song Karmacoma. Shadows first full-length work, Endtroducing. was released in late 1996 to critical acclaim, Endtroducing would go on to make the Guinness World Records book for First Completely Sampled Album in 2001. In November 2006 Time magazine named it one of its All-Time 100 best albums, in November 2014, automobile maker Chevrolet used a sample of DJ Shadows Building Steam With a Grain of Salt in a Chevy commercial. In 1998 Shadow released Preemptive Strike, a compilation of early singles, around 2000 he produced the score for the documentary Dark Days filmed by British director Marc Singer. This film is about a community of transients who live underground in a subway tunnel and it has six award wins in various competitions. Nearly six years after his debut album, his second album. In the same year, the movie Scratch was released to DVD with DJ Shadow appearing several times throughout the movie, a video for his track Six Days was also released in 2002, directed by Wong Kar-wai
7.
Black comedy
–
Black comedy or dark comedy is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo. Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Black comedy corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor. The term black humor was coined by the Surrealist theorist André Breton in 1935 while interpreting the writings of Jonathan Swift. Bretons preference was to some of Swifts writings as a subgenre of comedy and satire in which laughter arises from cynicism and skepticism. Scholars have associated black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Breton coined the term for his book Anthology of Black Humor, in which he credited Jonathan Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, and included excerpts from 45 other writers. This victims suffering is trivialized, which leads to sympathizing with the victimizer, as found in the social commentary. Black humor is also related to that of the grotesque genre. Breton identified Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, particularly in his pieces Directions to Servants, A Modest Proposal, A Meditation Upon a Broom-Stick, the terms black comedy or dark comedy have been later derived as alternatives to Bretons term. Bruce Jay Friedman, in his anthology entitled Black Humor, imported the concept of comedy to the United States. He labeled many different authors and works with the idea, arguing that they shared the literary genre. The Friedman label came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, early American writers who employed black humor were Nathanael West and Vladimir Nabokov. In 1965 a mass-market paperback titled Black Humor, was released and this was one of the first American anthologies devoted to the conception of black humor as a literary genre, the publication also sparked nationwide interest in black humor. Among the writers labeled as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are Roald Dahl, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Warren Zevon, John Barth, Joseph Heller, popular themes of the genre include violence, discrimination, disease, sexuality, religion and barbarism. Comedians, like Lenny Bruce, that since the late 1950s have been labeled for using sick comedy by mainstream journalists, have also labeled with black comedy. By contrast, blue comedy focuses more on crude topics such as nudity, sex, in obscene humor, much of the humorous element comes from shock and revulsion, while black comedy might include an element of irony, or even fatalism. For example, the black comedy self-mutilation appears in the English novel Tristram Shandy. Tristram, five years old at the time, starts to urinate out of a window for lack of a chamber pot. The sash falls and circumcises him, his family reacts with both chaotic action and philosophic digression, cringe comedy Comedy horror Macabre Off-color humor
8.
Horror and terror
–
The distinction between horror and terror is a standard literary and psychological concept applied especially to Gothic literature and film. Terror is usually described as the feeling of dread and anticipation that precedes the horrifying experience, by contrast, horror is the feeling of revulsion that usually occurs after something frightening is seen, heard, or otherwise experienced. It is the feeling one gets after coming to a realization or experiencing a deeply unpleasant occurrence. In other words, horror is more related to being shocked or scared, Horror has also been defined as a combination of terror and revulsion. The distinction between terror and horror was first characterized by the Gothic writer Ann Radcliffe, terror is characterized by obscurity or indeterminacy in its treatment of potentially horrible events, it is this indeterminacy which leads to the sublime. She says in the essay that it expands the soul and awakens the faculties to a degree of life. Horror, in contrast, freezes and nearly annihilates them with its unambiguous displays of atrocity, Horror is also a genre of film and fiction that relies on horrifying images or situations to tell stories and prompt reactions in their audiences. In these films the moment of horrifying revelation is usually preceded by a build up. In his non-fiction book Danse Macabre, Stephen King elaborated on the themes of terror and horror and he describes terror as the finest element of the three, and the one he strives hardest to maintain in his own writing. Citing many examples, he defines terror as the moment in horror before the actual monster is revealed. Horror, King writes, is that moment at which one sees the creature/aberration that causes the terror or suspense, but if I find that I cannot terrify, I will try to horrify, and if I find that I cannot horrify, Ill go for the gross-out. Fantastic art Fear Horror fiction Horror film Monster literature Nightmare Steven Bruhm Gothic Bodies, gary Crawford Criticism in J. Sullivan The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. Ann Radcliffe On the Supernatural in Poetry in The New Monthly Magazine 7,1826, gina Wisker Horror Fiction, An Introduction. Julian Hanich Cinematic Emotion in Horror Films and Thrillers, the Aesthetic Paradox of Pleasurable Fear. Noël Carroll The Philosophy of Horror, Or, Paradoxes of the Heart
9.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
–
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
10.
Jam (TV series)
–
Jam was a British horror/comedy sketch show, created, written, and directed by Chris Morris. It was broadcast on Channel 4 between 23 March and 27 April 2000 and it was based on the earlier BBC Radio 1 show, Blue Jam, and consists of a series of disturbing and surreal sketches, unfolding over an ambient soundtrack. Many of the sketches re-used the original soundtracks with the actors lip-syncing their lines. Morris introduced each episode in the style of a surreal compère, reading free form poetry over a nightmarish montage, Jam was co-written by Peter Baynham, with additional material contributed by Jane Bussmann, David Quantick, Graham Linehan, Arthur Mathews, and the cast themselves. The show perplexed audiences and critics on its initial broadcast, some hailed it as breakthrough, daringly original television, while others dismissed it as merely sickening and juvenile. It came in at #26 on Channel 4s 100 Greatest Scary Moments, beating other, more examples of the horror genre, such as Carrie. The show had no opening or closing titles, the latter replaced with its web address. Instead, it would begin with a monologue by Morris. These would, to degree or other, follow a character as their nightmares are made real, or their preconceptions are shattered. Morris would then say, Then welcome, followed by a sentence, before finally announcing. The word jam would rarely be said normally, it would either be heavily distorted, spoken in a strange accent, Morris has said that he asked Channel 4 to broadcast it without a break so as to not spoil the atmosphere. Sketches often had a feel to them, the characters acting as if they were being interviewed about recent events. The series had a remix version during the 4Later slot. Its audiovisual distortions of the series introduced the musical remix concept to British television. The show received a number of complaints and was criticised by the Broadcasting Standards Commission and it is not generally as recognised as Morriss earlier, satirical TV work, and remains a cult show. Three complaints about Jam were upheld and these concerned the sketches Coffin Mistake, Sex for Houses, and Plumber Baby, as they were deemed insensitive to the bereaved and those with learning difficulties. Five of the six episodes were classified 18 by the BBFC for very strong language. Despite its content, the broadcast attracted nowhere near the controversy that the following years Brass Eye special, Paedogeddon, about media panic surrounding paedophilia and its mood was so grim that I just found it difficult to join in
11.
Internet Archive
–
The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of universal access to all knowledge. As of October 2016, its collection topped 15 petabytes, in addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating for a free and open Internet. Its web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains over 150 billion web captures, the Archive also oversees one of the worlds largest book digitization projects. Founded by Brewster Kahle in May 1996, the Archive is a 501 nonprofit operating in the United States. It has a budget of $10 million, derived from a variety of sources, revenue from its Web crawling services, various partnerships, grants, donations. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California, where about 30 of its 200 employees work, Most of its staff work in its book-scanning centers. The Archive has data centers in three Californian cities, San Francisco, Redwood City, and Richmond, the Archive is a member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium and was officially designated as a library by the State of California in 2007. Brewster Kahle founded the Archive in 1996 at around the time that he began the for-profit web crawling company Alexa Internet. In October 1996, the Internet Archive had begun to archive and preserve the World Wide Web in large quantities, the archived content wasnt available to the general public until 2001, when it developed the Wayback Machine. In late 1999, the Archive expanded its collections beyond the Web archive, Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software. It hosts a number of projects, the NASA Images Archive, the contract crawling service Archive-It. According to its web site, Most societies place importance on preserving artifacts of their culture, without such artifacts, civilization has no memory and no mechanism to learn from its successes and failures. Our culture now produces more and more artifacts in digital form, the Archives mission is to help preserve those artifacts and create an Internet library for researchers, historians, and scholars. In August 2012, the Archive announced that it has added BitTorrent to its file download options for over 1.3 million existing files, on November 6,2013, the Internet Archives headquarters in San Franciscos Richmond District caught fire, destroying equipment and damaging some nearby apartments. The nonprofit Archive sought donations to cover the estimated $600,000 in damage, in November 2016, Kahle announced that the Internet Archive was building the Internet Archive of Canada, a copy of the archive to be based somewhere in the country of Canada. The announcement received widespread coverage due to the implication that the decision to build an archive in a foreign country was because of the upcoming presidency of Donald Trump. Kahle was quoted as saying that on November 9th in America and it was a firm reminder that institutions like ours, built for the long-term, need to design for change. For us, it means keeping our cultural materials safe, private and it means preparing for a Web that may face greater restrictions
12.
BBC World Service
–
The BBC announced in November 2016 that It would start broadcasting in additional languages including Igbo, Nigerian Pidgin, Yoruba and Amharic, in its biggest expansion since the 1940s. In 2015 World Service reached an average of 210 million people a week, the English-language service broadcasts 24 hours a day. The World Service is funded by the United Kingdoms television licence fee, limited advertising, the service also gets £289 million each year from the UK government. The World Service was funded for decades by grant-in-aid through the Foreign, the Director of the BBC World Service Group is Francesca Unsworth. The controller of BBC World Service, English, is Mary Hockaday, the BBC World Service began in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service, broadcasting on shortwave and aimed principally at English speakers across the British Empire. In his first Christmas Message, King George V stated that the service was intended for men and women, so cut off by the snow, the desert, or the sea, first hopes for the Empire Service were low. The programmes will neither be very interesting nor very good and this address was read out five times as it was broadcast live to different parts of the world. On 3 January 1938, the first foreign-language service was launched in Arabic, programmes in German started on 29 March 1938, and by the end of 1942 broadcasts were being made in all major European languages. As a result, the Empire Service was renamed the BBC Overseas Service in November 1939, and these were financed not from the domestic licence fee but from government grant-in-aid, and known administratively as the External Services of the BBC. The External Services broadcast propaganda during the Second World War and its French service Radio Londres also sent coded messages to the French Resistance. George Orwell broadcast many news bulletins on the Eastern Service during World War II. By the end of the 1940s the number of broadcast languages had expanded and reception had improved, following the opening of a relay in modern-day Malaysia and of the Limassol relay, Cyprus, in 1957. In recent years, financial pressures have decreased the number and type of services offered by the BBC, in countries with wide access to Internet services, there is less need for a radio station. Broadcasts in German ended in March 1999, after research showed that the majority of German listeners tuned into the English service, broadcasts in Dutch, Finnish, French, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese and Malay were stopped for similar reasons. Additionally, Romanian broadcasts ceased on 1 August 2008, in January 2011 the closure of the Albanian, Macedonian, Portuguese for Africa, Serbian, and English for the Caribbean services was announced. The British government announced that the three Balkan countries had access to international information, and so broadcasts in the local languages had become unnecessary. 650 jobs went as part of the 16% budget cut and this led to allegations that these measures would encourage a pro-American bias within the Service and help America win the information war. The Service broadcasts from Broadcasting House in London, which is headquarters of the Corporation
13.
Jerry Springer
–
Gerald Norman Jerry Springer is an American television presenter, a former lawyer, Democratic mayor of Cincinnati, news presenter, actor, and musician. He has hosted the talk show Jerry Springer since its debut in 1991. Springer was born in Highgate tube station in London, England, while the station was in use as a shelter from German bombing during World War II and his parents, Margot and Richard Springer, were Jewish refugees who escaped from Landsberg an der Warthe, Germany. His maternal grandmother Marie Kallmann, who was left behind, died in the gas trucks of Chelmno extermination camp and his paternal grandmother, Selma Springer, died at the hospital in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Selma Springers brother, Dr. Hermann Elkeles, was a renowned Berlin doctor who died at Theresienstadt concentration camp. In January 1949, Springer immigrated with his parents to the United States, settling in Kew Gardens, Queens, New York, and attended Forest Hills High School. One of his earliest memories about current events was when he was 12, Springer earned a B. A. degree from Tulane University in 1965, majoring in political science. He earned a J. D. degree from Northwestern University in 1968, Springer was a partner in the law firm of Grinker, Sudman & Springer from 1973-1985, alongside former NBA agent Ronnie Grinker and current Butler County magistrate Harry Sudman. Springer became a campaign adviser to Robert F. Kennedy. After Kennedys assassination, he joined the Cincinnati law firm of Frost & Jacobs, in 1970, Springer ran for Congress. He failed to unseat incumbent Republican Donald D. Clancy, and he had previously spearheaded the effort to lower the voting age, including testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in support of ratification of the 26th Amendment. Three days after announcing his candidacy, Springer, who was also an Army reservist at the time, was called to active duty and he resumed his campaign after he was discharged. Springer was elected to the Cincinnati city council in 1971 and he resigned in 1974 after admitting to hiring a prostitute. Springer came clean at a press conference, long-time Cincinnati newsman Al Schottelkotte pronounced Springers career over, but Springers honesty helped him win back his seat in 1975 by a landslide. In a post-election interview, Schottelkotte good-naturedly reminded Springer that he had declared Springers career over, Springer told the newsman, Im glad that you were wrong. In 1977, he was chosen to one year as mayor by the City Council. In 1982, Springer sought the Democratic nomination for governor of Ohio, TV commercials for Springers campaign referenced his use of a check to pay a prostitute, saying that he was not afraid of the truth even if it hurts. In the late 1980s he played a role in saving the historic Cincinnati Union Terminal
14.
Chris Moyles
–
Christopher Chris Moyles is an English radio and television presenter and author, who is currently presenter of The Chris Moyles Show on Radio X. Previously he has presented The Chris Moyles Show on BBC Radio 1 from 2004 to 2012, Moyles has worked at various radio stations, including Radio Luxembourg and Capital FM. Moyles moved to BBC Radio 1 in 1997 and went on hiatus from the station in September 2012 and he has presented the early breakfast show, a Saturday morning show, and the drive time show, before presenting the breakfast show from 5 January 2004 to 14 September 2012. On 7 September 2009, he became BBC Radio 1s longest serving breakfast presenter and he has achieved various radio awards, and has helped raise money for charity by taking part in challenges, aired on television on behalf of Comic Relief. Moyles has recorded two albums and written two autobiographies. Moyles was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire, and was educated at the Mount St Marys Catholic High School, while at school, he began his broadcasting career at WBHS, a voluntary staffed hospital radio station in the West Yorkshire city. After WBHS, Moyles moved to radio station Aire FM as an assistant for DJ Carl Kingston. During this time, he was also a presenter on Radio Top Shop in the Leeds Briggate branch, after hosting his own Saturday Evening Show on Aire FM, he was then employed as a presenter at Radio Luxembourg in 1992, until the station closed. In 1993, he gained a job at the Pulse of West Yorkshire and he remained there until early 1994 when he was dismissed for comments made about the stations previous programme controller. Moyles subsequently turned up at Signal 1 in Stoke-on-Trent – again presenting The Evening Bit from 7.00 pm–10.00 pm and he remained there until he was dismissed by the stations programme controller, who he refers to as a spineless bastard in his first autobiography. In 1995 Moyles was heard on the Chiltern Radio Network, presenting the show from 7.00 pm–10.00 pm. This show was simulcast on Horizon Radio, Chiltern Radio, Severn Sound, in 1996, Moyles joined London station Capital FM hosting his weekend show The Late Bit, which went out on a Friday & Saturday evening, and covering for other DJs. It was at Capital that Moyles fell out with fellow DJ Doctor Neil Fox, after declining the offer of presenting the breakfast show on rival station Kiss 100, Moyles joined Radio 1 in July 1997. Moyles was voted one of the Faces for 97 by SKY magazine and presented his first show on Radio 1 on 28 July 1997, hosting the 4.00 am–7.00 am Early Breakfast show – soon called The Early Bit. In May 1998, his work was recognised with the award of the Silver Sony Awards DJ of the Year, within the year Moyles was promoted to a Saturday breakfast, then Saturday mid-morning slot from 10.00 am–1.00 pm. At Radio 1, he has presented most of his shows with David Comedy Dave Vitty, who worked behind the scenes at the station before Moyles arrival. After standing in regularly for Kevin Greening and Zoë Ball on the Radio 1 Breakfast Show, the show was extended to 3.00 pm–5,45 pm in February 2001. Moyles has co-presented the show from 1998 with his sidekick, on 5 January 2004, Moyles started presenting Radio 1s breakfast programme, named The Chris Moyles Show, switching places with Sara Cox
15.
Jo Whiley
–
Johanne Jo Whiley is an English radio DJ and television presenter. She was the host of the long-running weekday Jo Whiley Show on BBC Radio 1, Whiley was born in Northampton to Martin, an electrician, and Christine, a postmistress. She attended Campion School at Bugbrooke, near Northampton and then studied applied languages at Brighton Polytechnic, the illness is congenital and Whiley is a carrier. In 2006, she said that she had tested at each of her pregnancies. In Whileys final year of her degree, still unsure of what she wanted to do and it allowed anyone to get on the radio and required Whiley to attend shows and interview the musicians. After a year, Whiley left for City University London for a course on radio journalism. After writing many letters, she got a job as a researcher on WPFM, when the presenters Terry Christian and Gary Crowley left, she took over, gaining her first presenting role. Whiley moved on to BBC Radio 1 from September 1993 until March 2011, during the heyday of Britpop with bands such as Blur and she hosted a weekday evening show called The Evening Session with Steve Lamacq, which was oriented towards less-mainstream, non-dance music. Whiley presented her own show on Saturday afternoon in late 1995, from 1995 to 1998, Whiley was a regular guest presenter on Top of the Pops, initially co-presenting with fellow DJ Steve Lamacq before flying solo and alternating with Zoë Ball and Jayne Middlemiss. The three women are referred to by the Top of the Pops website as the 90s girls, however, the only occasion when all three presented together was on Christmas Day 1997. Whiley returned to the show twice between 2005–06 to co-present with lead presenter Fearne Cotton, in July 2009, Whiley published her autobiography, My World in Motion, on CD from Random House Audiobooks. From February 1997, Whiley had a weekday show, called The Jo Whiley Show. This included elements of the show, such as tour dates. When Simon Mayo left Radio 1 for Radio Five Live in February 2001, as of 2005, the BBC paid Whiley a salary of £250,000. In July 2008, The Jo Whiley Show was fined £75,000 for misleading listeners for an incident involving a member of BBC staff posing as a member of the taking part in a competition. The BBC claim Whiley herself was unaware of the deception at the time of its broadcast, in July 2009, it was announced that the Jo Whiley show would end broadcasting in September as part of a major shake-up of Radio 1s weekday schedule. The shake-up, billed as the biggest at Radio 1 for five years, would see Greg James move to the afternoon slot, Cotton took over many of Whileys popular features including the famous Live Lounge segment. Her final weekday programme took place on 18 September 2009, following the Jo Whiley Show, Whiley went on to present a weekend show on Radio 1 between 1pm and 4pm
16.
Mark Goodier
–
Mark Goodier is a British radio disc jockey who appeared on BBC Radio 1 between 1987 and 2002. He had two spells presenting the stations Top 40 singles chart, from 1990 to 1992 and from 1995 until 2002, and also temporarily presented the Breakfast Show during 1993. He has also presented shows on BBC Radio 2, Classic FM,102.2 Smooth Radio and Real Radio and his family moved to Llanfairfechan, Wales shortly after he was born, eventually settling in Edinburgh, Scotland when he was 8 years old. He was educated at George Heriots School, in Edinburgh and he became a mobile DJ in Edinburgh and then joined a local Free Radio Station where his radio career began. Afterwards went on to join a local stations Radio Forth and at the age of 19, Mark Goodier co-presented the Liz and Mark weekend breakfast show, and he quickly progressed to a drivetime slot. He created The Evening Session and hosted between 1990 and 1993, during this period, he also presented the UK Top 40 chart countdown on Sunday evenings and was also an established host on Top of the Pops along with several of his Radio 1 colleagues. Many acclaimed bands and artists recorded sessions for Goodier at the BBCs Maida Vale Studios, in 1992, Nirvanas odds-and-sods release, Incesticide, featured several songs recorded for Goodiers BBC show. The album reached the top 40 on both sides of the Atlantic and achieved Platinum status in America, a further session recording was Something in the Way, released on the 2011 edition of Nevermind. When Simon Mayo left The Radio 1 Breakfast Show in 1993, Wright said that he would not do so immediately after Mayo, and Bannister asked Goodier to stand in as host for four months in late 1993. He then shifted to afternoons, then back to his old drivetime slot in 1995, in the same year, he returned to the chart show after Bruno Brookes left the station. In 1997, Goodier took on a Saturday and Sunday morning slot after quitting daily radio to establish his production company, Wise Buddah. He spent his two years at Radio 1 only presenting the Top 40 show, before leaving the station entirely in 2002 owing to falling audiences. Goodiers final show was broadcast on 17 November that year, which marked the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart. After leaving BBC Radio 1, Mark Goodier presented the Emap-produced Smash Hits Chart, the Smash Hits Chart finished in March 2006, when Emap also began to broadcast the hit40uk chart show across their Big City Network of stations. He also presented the Classical Chart for Classic FM and he was a frequent stand-in on BBC Radio 2 when regular presenters were on leave. On 1 April 2006, his new Real Top 40 shows began on the Real Radio network in Scotland, Wales, every show reflected sales and airplay for that area. Mark Goodier is featured in a podcast promoting the Top of the Pops boxset alongside Miles Leonard, Malcolm McLaren and he left the station in December 2012 to focus on his company Wise Buddah. He frequently provides cover on BBC Radio 2, in late February 2016 it was announced that he would present Pick of the Pops until July 2016 following the sacking of Tony Blackburn
17.
BBC Radio 4 Extra
–
BBC Radio 4 Extra is a British digital radio station broadcasting archive repeats of comedy, drama and documentary programmes nationally,24 hours a day. It is the broadcaster of the BBCs spoken-word archive. It also broadcasts extended and companion programmes to those broadcast on sister station BBC Radio 4, the station launched in December 2002 as BBC7, broadcasting a similar mix of archive comedy, drama and current childrens radio. The station was renamed as BBC Radio 7 in 2008, then relaunched as Radio 4 Extra in April 2011, for the first quarter of 2013, Radio 4 Extra had a weekly audience of 1.642 million people and had a market share of 0. 95%. The station was launched as BBC7 on 15 December 2002 by comedian Paul Merton. The first programme was broadcast at 8pm and was simulcast with Radio 4, the station, referred to by the codename Network Z while in development, was so named to reflect the stations presence on the internet and on digital television in addition to radio. The station broadcast mostly archived comedy and drama, in that the programme was either three or more years old or had been broadcast twice on their original station, the station also broadcast a themed section for Childrens programmes. The segment also hosted the news programme on the network presented by the Newsround team. Because of the stations archive nature the station was scheduled, produced and researched by 17 people, the station was renamed on 4 October 2008 as BBC Radio 7 in an effort to bring it in line with other BBC Radio brands. It also coincided with the introduction of a new logo for the station. As a result, the station relaunched as BBC Radio 4 Extra on Saturday 2 April 2011, the channel uses ten continuity announcers to link between programmes. These currently are Wes Butters, Kathy Clugston, Jim Lee, David Miles, Joanna Pinnock, Susan Rae, Neil Sleat, Alan Smith, Zeb Soanes and Luke Tuddenham. Previous presenters, including those presenting Radio 7, include Penny Haslam, Helen Aitken, Rory Morrison, Steve Urquhart, Alex Riley, the station only operates on digital networks and so has no allocated analogue radio signal. Instead it is broadcast over the internet on the BBC website, on such as Radioplayer and TuneIn. The pan-European nature of this means that the signal can be received across northern Europe. The controller of the station is Gwyneth Williams and is answerable to the Radio board in the BBC and these include extended versions of programmes such as The News Quiz and Desert Island Discs, the broadcast of archived editions of the latter as Desert Island Discs Revisited. It has also included the addition of the programme Ambridge Extra, a more youth-orientated version of long-running radio soap The Archers. Some programming is organised into blocks of similar programmes
18.
Apollo 440
–
Apollo 440 are an English band formed in Liverpool in 1990. During their eleven years at Sony, 1993–2004, they notched up 11 Top 40 UK singles with three Top 10s, and had a presence worldwide. The name comes from the Greek god Apollo and the frequency of concert pitch — the A note at 440 Hz, often denoted as A440, and the Sequential Circuits sampler/sequencer, the Studio 440. They changed the writing of their name from Apollo 440 to Apollo Four Forty in 1996, to date, Apollos remixes number around 60 - from U2 in the early 1990s to Puff Daddy/Jimmy Page and Ennio Morricone a decade later. Apollos mix of Puretones Addicted to Bass was made a lead track, among their Stealth Sonic Orchestra remixes are a series of Manic Street Preachers singles. Apollo 440 were formed by the brothers Trevor and Howard Gray with fellow Liverpudlians Noko and James Gardner, all members sing and add a profusion of samples, electronics, and computer-based sounds. After relocating to the Camden area of London, Apollo 440 recorded in 1994 with their album, Millennium Fever. They have successfully invaded both the charts and the dance floor with their combination of rock, breakbeat. The band had been most known for its remixes until the release of Liquid Cool in the UK, in 2007, the band played a tribute gig to the late Billy Mackenzie. Apollo 440s fifth album, The Futures What It Used To Be, collaborators over the years have included Jeff Beck, Jean Michel Jarre, Billy Mackenzie, Ian McCulloch and Hotei. Currently, the band resides in Islington, London, having once again moved its headquarters, No.23 Australia Dude Descending A Staircase No. Spawn the soundtrack, This Is Not a Dream, with Mark Sandman of Morphine on vocals Spawn #Soundtrack Bonus Track Rapid Racer, format, resident Evil, featured Wall of Death S. W. A. T. They were Hold The Brakes and Start The Car Disaster Movie, ewan MacFarlane on Electro Glide in Blue on Electro Glide In Blue and numerous tracks on the Dude Descending a Staircase album - currently performing live. The album, Millennium Fever, is a tribute to the French postmodernist Jean Baudrillard, since the release of that album, other references to Jean Baudrillards works have popped up. The track, Astral America, references Baudrillards America essay, where the term originates, the track, The Perfect Crime, references Baudrillards book of the same name. The lyrics of Stealth Requiem reference the Baudrillardian concept of hyperreality, at one point a female voice says, Ravishing hyperrealism. Mind blowing, and later directly from America, The exhilaration of obscenity, the obscenity of obviousness, the obviousness of power. The title and cover art of the album Dude Descending a Staircase are parodies of Nude Descending a Staircase, the song Liquid Cool is a tribute to Alcor, a company focused to pursue research into and the organization of cryonization
19.
Serge Gainsbourg
–
Serge Gainsbourg was a French singer, songwriter, pianist, film composer, poet, painter, screenwriter, writer, actor, and director. His lyrical work incorporated a vast amount of word play to hoodwink the listener, often for humorous, provocative. Common types of play in his songs include mondegreen, onomatopoeia, rhyme, spoonerism, dysphemism, paraprosdokian. Through the course of his career, Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs, since his death, Gainsbourgs music has reached legendary stature in France. He has also gained a following in the English-speaking world. Born in Paris, France, Gainsbourg was the son of Jewish Ukrainian migrants, Joseph Ginsburg and Olga, who fled to Paris after the 1917 Russian Revolution. Joseph Ginsburg was a trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos, he taught his children - Gainsbourg. Gainsbourgs childhood was affected by the occupation of France by Germany in World War II. The identifying yellow star Jews were required to wear haunted Gainsbourg, during the occupation, the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges, traveling under false papers. Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government, after the war, Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris, in Mesnil-Le-Roi. The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis, here Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide, stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future. Before he was 30 years old, Gainsbourg was a disillusioned painter, Gainsbourg changed his first name to Serge, feeling that this was representative of his Russian background and because, as Jane Birkin relates, Lucien reminded him of a hairdressers assistant. He chose Gainsbourg as his last name, in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough and he married Elisabeth Lize Levitsky on 3 November 1951 and divorced in 1957. He married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette Béatrice Pancrazzi and he divorced Béatrice in February 1966. In late 1967 he had a short but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot, to whom he dedicated the song, in mid-1968 Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan. Their relationship lasted over a decade, in 1971 they had a daughter, the actress and singer Charlotte Gainsbourg. Although many sources state that they were married, according to their daughter Charlotte this was not the case. Birkin remembers the beginning of her affair with Gainsbourg, he first took her to a nightclub, then to a transvestite club, Birkin left Gainsbourg when pregnant with her third daughter Lou by the film director Jacques Doillon
20.
Brigitte Bardot
–
Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot is a French actress, singer and fashion model, who later became an animal rights activist. She was one of the best known sex symbols of the 1950s and 1960s and was referred to by her initials. She started her career in 1952. After appearing in 16 routine comedy films that had limited international release, Bardot caught the attention of French intellectuals. She later starred in Jean-Luc Godards 1963 film Le Mépris, for her role in Louis Malles 1965 film Viva Maria. Bardot was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress, from 1969 to 1978, Bardot was the official face of Marianne to represent the liberty of France. Bardot retired from the entertainment industry in 1973, during her career in show business, she starred in 47 films, performed in several musical shows and recorded over 60 songs. She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1985 but refused to accept it, after her retirement, she established herself as an animal rights activist. During the 2000s, she generated controversy by criticizing immigration and Islam in France and has been fined five times for inciting racial hatred, Bardot was born in Paris, the daughter of Louis Bardot and Anne-Marie Toty Bardot. Louis had a degree and worked with his father, Charles Bardot. Louis and Anne-Marie married in 1933, Bardot grew up in an upper middle-class Roman Catholic observant home. When she was seven she was admitted to the Cours Hattemer and she went to school three days a week, and otherwise studied at home. This gave time for lessons at Madame Bourgets dance studio three days a week, Brigittes mother also enrolled Brigittes younger sister, Marie-Jeanne, in dance. Marie-Jeanne eventually gave up dancing lessons and did not tell her mother, in 1947, Bardot was accepted to the Conservatoire de Paris. For three years she attended classes by Russian choreographer Boris Knyazev. One of her classmates was Leslie Caron, the other ballerinas nicknamed Bardot Bichette. At the invitation of an acquaintance of her mother, she modelled in a show in 1949. In the same year, she modelled for a fashion magazine Jardin des Modes managed by journalist Hélène Lazareff, aged 15, she appeared on an 8 March 1950 cover of Elle and was noticed by a young film director, Roger Vadim, while babysitting
21.
Eels (band)
–
Eels music is often filled with themes about family, death and lost love. Since 1996, Eels has released studio albums, seven of which charted in the Billboard 200. In 1991, Everett signed a contract with Polydor and released A Man Called E under the name E a year later, the single Hello Cruel World was a minor success. Touring to support the album, E opened for Tori Amos, a Man Called E was followed by Broken Toy Shop in 1993. This year also marked the beginning of Es collaboration with drummer Jonathan Butch Norton, after Broken Toy Shop, E was released from his record deal with Polydor. E himself has recovered two of the songs from Broken Toy Shop for his own shows with the Eels. Eels were officially founded when Butch and E met Tommy Walter, Eels became one of the first groups to sign a record deal with DreamWorks Records, followed by Elliott Smith. In 1996, the released their debut album Beautiful Freak. In 1996 and 1997, Eels toured extensively to support the album, building their name as an act in the United States. In September 1997, Walter quit the band, following the success of Beautiful Freak, E experienced a difficult time in his personal life. His sister committed suicide, and his mother was diagnosed with cancer and these events inspired him to write Electro-Shock Blues, which focuses on his family, which he had never written about previously. Electro-Shock Blues was released in 1998, the album deals with many difficult subjects including suicide, death, and cancer. Contributions to the album were made by Jon Brion, Lisa Germano, Grant-Lee Phillips, Dust Brother Michael Simpson, the single Last Stop, This Town saw minor success, Cancer for the Cure, the second single from the album, was used on the American Beauty soundtrack. Still a three-piece band on stage, Tommy Walter was replaced by Adam Siegel, part of the American leg of the tour was cancelled after the death of Es mother. They returned to tour Europe later in the year, to open for Pulp, in 2000, Eels released Daisies of the Galaxy. The album, which was recorded almost entirely in Es basement, is lighter and he was joined in the studio by Michael Simpson, Grant-Lee Phillips, and Peter Buck. The first single, Mr. Es Beautiful Blues, was co-written by Simpson, the song was not intended to be on the album, but the record company insisted on its inclusion. Therefore, it is not featured on the listing but is instead listed as a bonus track
22.
Massive Attack
–
Massive Attack are an English trip hop group formed in 1988 in Bristol, consisting of Robert 3D Del Naja, Grant Daddy G Marshall and formerly Andy Mushroom Vowles & Adrian Tricky Kid Thaws. Their debut album Blue Lines was released in 1991, with the single Unfinished Sympathy reaching the charts, 1998s Mezzanine, containing Teardrop, and 2003s 100th Window charted in the UK at number one. Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, the group has won numerous music awards throughout their career, including a Brit Award—winning Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Q Awards. They have released five albums that have sold over 11 million copies worldwide. DJs Daddy G and Andrew Vowles and graffiti artist-turned-rapper Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective The Wild Bunch, One of the first homegrown soundsystems in the UK, The Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was subsumed into, Virgin Records. Blue Lines, was co-produced by Jonny Dollar and Cameron McVey, Geoff Barrow, who went on to form Portishead, was an intern and trainee tape operator at Bristols Coach House studio when the album was recorded. In the nineties, the became known for often not being able to easily get along with one another. Marshall returned to a role in 2005, having joined the touring line-up in 2003 and 2004. Unsigned, Mushroom, Daddy G and 3D put out Any Love as a single, 3D co-wrote Neneh Cherrys Manchild, which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart. Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP Blue Lines, partly in their house, the album used vocalists including Horace Andy and Shara Nelson, a former Wild Bunch cohort. MCs Tricky and Willie Wee, also part of The Wild Bunch, featured. Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, Hymn of the Big Wheel, the group temporarily shortened their name to Massive on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War. They went back to being Massive Attack for their next single, after Shara Nelson left, the band brought in Everything but the Girls Tracey Thorn as a vocalist and released Protection on 26 September 1994. With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Hooper to co-produce some songs on it. Other tracks were co-produced by The Insects and 3D, a dub version, No Protection, was released the following year by Mad Professor. Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act, the other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries, Craig Armstrong, a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Trickys solo career was taking off at time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this
23.
Aphex Twin
–
Richard David James, known by his stage name Aphex Twin, is an Irish-born English electronic musician and composer. He is known for his influential and idiosyncratic work in music styles such as IDM and acid techno in the 1990s. He is also the co-founder of Rephlex Records with Grant Wilson-Claridge and he rose to mainstream popularity with his 1997 EP Come to Daddy and his 1999 single Windowlicker. James was born in Limerick, Ireland, and grew up in Lanner, Cornwall, UK and he enjoyed living there, feeling apart from nearby cities and the rest of the world. You couldnt make sound on a ZX81, but I played around with machine code, according to musician Benjamin Middleton, James began producing music the following year. As a teenager he was a jockey at the Shire Horse Inn in St Ives, with Tom Middleton at the Bowgie Inn in Crantock. James studied at Cornwall College from 1988 to 1990 for a National Diploma in engineering, about his studies, he said music and electronics went hand in hand. James graduated from college, according to a lecturer he often wore headphones during practical lessons. In 1989, James befriended Grant Wilson-Claridge when they were working alternate weeks as a DJ at the Bowgie pub near Newquay, Wilson-Claridge was intrigued by his sets, and when he discovered that James was playing tapes of his own music he suggested that they make records. James first release as Aphex Twin, later changed to AFX, was the 1991 12-inch EP Analogue Bubblebath on Mighty Force Records, the track En Trance to Exit was recorded with Tom Middleton, also known as Schizophrenia. The EP made the playlist of Kiss FM, an influential London radio station, from 1991 to 1993 James released two Analogue Bubblebath EPs and an EP, Bradleys Beat, as Bradley Strider. Although he allegedly lived on the roundabout in Elephant and Castle, South London, during his years in the city. The first full-length Aphex Twin album, Selected Ambient Works 85–92, was released in 1992 on R&S Records to critical acclaim, John Bush of Allmusic described it as a watershed of ambient music. In 2002 Rolling Stone said about the album, Aphex Twin expanded way beyond the ambient music of Brian Eno by fusing lush soundscapes with oceanic beats, Pitchfork Media called it among the most interesting music ever created with a keyboard and a computer. However, critics noted that the songs were recorded on cassette, in 1992 James also released the Xylem Tube EP and Digeridoo as Aphex Twin, the Pac-Man EP as Power-Pill, and two of his four Joyrex EPs as Caustic Window. Digeridoo reached #55 on the UK Singles Chart, and was described by Rolling Stone as foreshadowing drum. He wrote Digeridoo to clear up his audience after a rave and these early releases were on Rephlex Records, Mighty Force of Exeter and R&S Records of Belgium. Warp Records released Selected Ambient Works Volume II in 1994, with a less beat-, the track names were described with pie chart symbols, each of which was meant to be paired with a corresponding image in the album jacket
24.
D'Angelo
–
Michael Eugene Archer, better known by his stage name DAngelo, is an American, Grammy Award winning R&B and Neo soul singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. After briefly being a member of a group called I. D. U. His first major success came in 1994 as the co-writer and co-producer of U Will Know and his debut solo album, Brown Sugar, released in July 1995, received rave reviews and sold over two million copies. Along with artists like Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, Maxwell, following this DAngelo went on a hiatus before releasing Voodoo in January 2000, which debuted at number one. Its lead single Untitled, was a smash on the R&B charts and won a Grammy for Best Male R&B Vocal, likewise, following the release of Untitled, DAngelo became more uncomfortable with his growing status as a sex symbol. This was followed by personal struggles including alcoholism, and a fourteen-year musical hiatus. DAngelo was born Michael Eugene Archer, in Richmond, Virginia on February 11,1974 and he was raised in an entirely Pentecostal family. Archers musical talents were discovered early on. At 3, he was spotted by his 10-year-old brother Luther, DAngelo signed a publishing deal with EMI Music in 1991 after catching the attention of record executives through a demo tape, which was originally by the group. After an impressive audition for EMI execs, a three-hour impromptu piano recital, a&R-man Gary Harris was primarily responsible for his signing, while manager Kedar Massenburg helped negotiate the contract as well. Massenburg became DAngelos manager after hearing of him through the buzz on the streets and he had previously managed hip hop group Stetsasonic and formed the artist management-firm Kedar Entertainment in 1991, which he diversified into production, music publishing and publicity. In 1994, his first significant success came in the form of the hit single U Will Know, DAngelo composed the music for U Will Know, while his brother, Luther Archer, wrote the lyrics. Originally featured on the soundtrack to the film Jasons Lyric, the peaked at number 5 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. The music video for U Will Know featured DAngelo as the choir director. That same year, he wrote and produced the song Overjoyed for the Boys Choir of Harlem, the success of U Will Know helped build the buzz surrounding DAngelo, which was followed by a number of highly promoted showcases, and added to the buzz among music industry insiders. Brown Sugar was released in June 1995, although sales were sluggish at first, the album was eventually a hit. The album debuted at six on the US Billboard Top R&B Albums chart in the week of July 22,1995. It ultimately peaked at four in the week of February 24,1996
25.
Dubstar
–
Dubstar are an English band, performing dream pop and alternative dance, as well as occasional pop ballads and, on later releases, guitar-laden rock with industrial twists. The group was formed in 1992 by Steve Hillier and Chris Wilkie in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, sarah Blackwood joined in 1993, replacing Hillier on vocals. Stars, the single by Dubstar, received a great deal of play time in clubs. Many remixes were created of this song and it was covered by metal band Lacuna Coil on their 2000 EP Halflife. Stars allowed Dubstar to achieve American recognition, formerly known as The Joans, Dubstar were initially a two piece band, with Chris Wilkie playing guitar and Steve Hillier singing and playing keyboards. Gavin Lee joined The Joans in the Autumn of 1992 and played drums and, later, performance artist and musician, Mark Greenwood also played bass in The Joans for a number gigs in the summer of 1992. Sarah Blackwood was invited to join the band in August 1993 after her boyfriend left a cassette tape of her singing in Steve Hilliers flat in Jesmond. Blackwood replaced Hillier on vocals in early 1994, though he remained a key member of the group, Dubstar appointed Darlington based record producer and talent manager Graeme Robinson as their manager after Robinson had seen them play in a sparsely attended Newcastle club in March 1994. A US album release on Polydor Records, combining tracks from both the first and second albums, also emerged in 1998, the third original Dubstar album, Make It Better, was released in 2000, with EMI releasing a Best of compilation in 2004. Blackwood joined the band Technique to replace Xan Tyler as singer for a European tour with Depeche Mode in 2002, shortly afterwards, Kate Holmes, the other member of the band, and Blackwood decided to write together and formed the new group Client. Posts in 2008 on their official Myspace page stated that the recording of their album was underway. However, in November 2008 they made a post to their Facebook group stating that Blackwood would not participate, on 12 April 2010, the band released a cover version of Im in Love with a German Film Star for an Amnesty International project. However, in December 2010, it was announced that Blackwood had left Client, all of the groups work was released by Food Records with the exception of their compilation album which was released by EMI alone, due to the closure of Food Records in 2001
26.
Michael Franti
–
Michael Franti is an American rapper, musician, poet, spoken word artist and singer-songwriter. Michael Franti is known for having participated in musical projects, including the Beatnigs. He is also a supporter for a wide spectrum of peace and social justice issues. Michael Franti was born in Oakland, California and his mother, Mary Lofy, had Irish, German, and Belgian ancestry, and his father, Thomas Hopkins, was of African-American and Native American descent. However, his mother put him up for adoption because she was afraid that her racist family would not accept him. He was adopted by Carole Wisti and Charles Franti, a Finnish American couple in Oakland, Charles Franti was a professor in the department of epidemiology and preventive medicine of the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and died in 2003. Michaels four adoptive siblings are named Rebecca, Sara, Dan, Michael spent his grade 9 school year at Highland Junior High School in Edmonton, Alberta. He then attended Davis Senior High School and graduated from the University of San Francisco, during his time at school there he met a priest who taught him how to tell a story on paper, and soon he was writing poetry. He purchased a bass at a shop and started creating music inspired by hip hop, punk. Franti also has four siblings, Thea, Thomas, Charles. Franti began his career in 1986 as part of the industrial punk/spoken word band The Beatnigs. While attending the University of San Francisco and living above KUSF he developed a fascination with music, the Beatnigs included dancer and percussionist Rono Tse, the band released a self-titled LP and an EP Television on Alternative Tentacles records. The records received some acclaim but little fame beyond the San Francisco Bay Area. The 1988 LP release The Beatnigs was recorded at Dancin Dog Studio in Emeryville, in addition to Michael Franti and Ron Tse, the band included Henry Flood on percussion, Andre Flores on keyboards, and Kevin Carnes on vocals. All of the members made multiple instrumental contributions, including industrial percussion. The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy wrote politically charged lyrics that railed against the injustices of the world, set to a fusion of industrial music and hip hop. Their first album, Hypocrisy is the Greatest Luxury, won plaudits for its social commentary and it is important to note that this album is one of Frantis remarkable works as an artist activist. The first song of the album Hypocrisy is the Greatest Luxury is Satanic Reverses and it satellite links, our United States of unconsciousness, apathetic therapeutic and extremely addictive
27.
Moloko
–
Moloko /məˈloʊkoʊ/ were an English-Irish music duo from Sheffield, England. The duo consisted of vocalist Róisín Murphy and producer Mark Brydon, Murphy had no prior professional experience as a singer when Moloko was formed. Brydon, had worked on music as a producer with musicians such as Boy George. In 1994, the two met at a party in Sheffield, where Murphy approached Brydon with the chat-up line, the query became their début albums title, recorded while Murphy and Brydon had begun dating. The name Moloko comes from the milk drink, Moloko Plus, in the Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange, based on the Russian for milk. The group signed to Echo Records and released their single Where Is the What If the What Is in the Why, the groups debut album Do You Like My Tight Sweater. was released in 1995. The group toured with Pulp following the release, the single Fun for Me was featured prominently on the Batman & Robin soundtrack and received radio airplay and strong MTV rotation. It reached no.4 in the US Dance chart, after Moloko finished the tour, they built a home studio and recorded their second album, titled I Am Not a Doctor, which was released in 1998 in the United Kingdom. The album wasnt a success, reaching only no.64 in the UK album chart and their third album Things to Make and Do was released in the year 2000 and reached no.3 in the UK album chart. The first single, The Time Is Now was their biggest hit and their 2003 album Statues produced two hit singles, Familiar Feeling, which reached no.10 in the UK, and Forever More, which reached no.17. Brydon and Murphy ended their relationship after the albums release and, following a tour. Molokos music has been described as trip hop, alternative dance, dance-pop, experimental pop. All Back to the Mine is a collection of 21 remixes, I and Vol. II each contain 34 remixes, for a total of 68. Not all of the remixes on the 2001 version are included on the 2016 versions, a^, Pure Pleasure Seeker did not chart on the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 15 on the Ultratip chart. B^, Indigo did not chart on the Flemish Ultratop 50, c^, Cannot Contain This did not chart on the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 3 on the Ultratip chart
28.
London Dungeon
–
The London Dungeon is a tourist attraction in London, England, which recreates various gory and macabre historical events in a gallows humour style. It uses a mixture of actors, special effects and rides. Opening in 1974, the attraction was designed as a museum of macabre history. The Dungeon is operated by Merlin Entertainments, in 2013, the London Dungeon moved from its premises on Tooley Street to a new location in County Hall next to the London Eye. The London Dungeon features 18 shows,20 actors and 3 rides, visitors are taken on a journey through 1000 years of London’s history where they meet actors performing as some of London’s most infamous characters, including Jack the Ripper and Sweeney Todd. The Dungeon’s shows are staged on sets with special effects. The show incorporates events such as the Black Death and the Gunpowder Plot, and includes such as The Torturer, The Plague Doctor. Guests are encouraged to participate in the shows, the experience also includes a drop ride to doom, a free-fall ride staged as a public hanging. The London Dungeon was founded in 1974 by Annabel Geddes and it was initially designed as a museum of macabre history depicting gory scenes. Early characters included Boudicca, Mary Tudor and Thomas Beckett and had scenes from the Norman Conquest, over the years the Dungeon has changed into an actor-led, interactive experience with both humorous and light horror elements. London’s first ever indoor water ride was installed at the venue in 1997, kunick Leisure Group owned The Dungeons company during the 1980s, before it was bought by Vardon in 1992. In 1999 Vardon became the Merlin Entertainments Group following a management buyout led by Nick Varney, on 31 January 2013, the London Dungeon closed its doors after 39 years at Tooley Street, London Bridge. The attraction moved to London’s County Hall on the South Bank, the original London Dungeon opened in 1974 as a gory horror museum that showcased historical events. The museum was a free flow attraction and featured models and animatronics to showcase its scenes,1997 saw the arrival of Judgment Day, Sentenced to Death which saw visitors tried in a courtroom. They would then board boats and sail down the Thames, passing various scenes and exhibits. Following this, they would pass through Traitors gate, where they would be raised via a vertical lift system to meet a firing squad. This marked the audience interaction that the Dungeons became renowned for, remnants of old exhibits lined the walkways and added to the atmosphere of the attraction as it evolved. 2000 saw the introduction of the Great Fire of London segment that recreated burning streets of London in the 17th century, the original Dungeon also featured a Blood and Guts cafè
29.
Common (rapper)
–
Lonnie Rashid Lynn, Jr. better known by his stage name Common, is an American rapper, actor, film producer and poet from Chicago, Illinois. Common debuted in 1992 with the album Can I Borrow a Dollar, and maintained a significant underground following into the late 1990s, after which he gained notable mainstream success through his work with the Soulquarians. Commons first major-label album, Like Water for Chocolate, received critical acclaim. His first Grammy Award was in 2003, winning Best R&B Song for Love of My Life and its popularity was matched by May 2005s Be, which was nominated for Best Rap Album, at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Common was awarded his second Grammy for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, for Southside and his best-of album, Thisisme Then, The Best of Common, was released on November 27,2007. He also narrated the award-winning documentary Bouncing Cats, about one mans efforts to improve the lives of children in Uganda through hip-hop/b-boy culture and he starred as Elam Ferguson on the AMC western television series Hell on Wheels. Common was born on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois and he was raised in the Calumet Heights neighborhood. He is the son of educator Dr. Mahalia Ann Hines and they divorced when he was six years old, resulting in his fathers moving to Denver, Colorado. This left Common to be raised by his mother, but his father remained active in his life, while a student at Luther High School South in Chicago, Lynn with his friends, record producer and Corey Crawley formed C. D. R. A rap trio that opened for acts that included N. W. A, Common attended Florida A&M University for two years under a scholarship and majored in business administration. After being featured in the Unsigned Hype column of The Source magazine, Lynn debuted in 1992 with the single Take It EZ, with the 1994 release of Resurrection, Common achieved a much larger degree of critical acclaim, which extended beyond Chicago natives. The album sold well and received a strong positive reaction among alternative. Resurrection was Commons last album produced almost entirely by his production partner. In 1996, Common appeared on the Red Hot Organizations compilation CD, America Is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, the CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as a masterpiece by The Source magazine. He would later contribute to the Red Hot Organizations Fela Kuti tribute album. He collaborated with Djelimady Tounkara on a remake of Kutis track, Years of Tears, the song I Used to Love H. E. R. from Resurrection ignited a feud with West Coast rap group Westside Connection. The lyrics of the song criticized the hip hop music was taking and was interpreted by some as directing blame towards the popularity of West Coast Gangsta rap. Westside Connection first responded with the 1995 song Westside Slaughterhouse, with the lyrics Used to love H. E. R, Westside Connection recorded tracks venting their issues with rival East Coast rappers
30.
Moby
–
Richard Melville Hall, better known by his stage name Moby, is an American DJ, singer, songwriter, musician, photographer and animal rights activist. He is well known for his music, veganism. Moby has sold over 20 million records worldwide, allMusic considers him one of the most important dance music figures of the early 1990s, helping bring the music to a mainstream audience both in the UK and in America. Moby gained attention in the early 1990s with his dance music work. With his fifth album, the electronica and house music-influenced Play. His next major release, 2005s mostly upbeat Hotel was a departure, incorporating more alternative rock elements than previous albums. It sold around 2 million copies worldwide, Moby released Innocents on October 1,2013 to positive reviews. Following the release of Innocents, Moby released the ambient album, Long Ambients 1, the album was given away for free on his website. Mobys most recent album These Systems Are Failing was released on October 14,2016, the album has received mostly positive reviews. He was raised by his mother in Darien, Connecticut and he has also released music under the names Voodoo Child and Schaumgummi. During the 1980s, Hall played guitar for the punk band Vatican Commandos. Later in the decade, he was a guitarist for the rock group Ultra Vivid Scene. It left me very intrigued and impressed in a strange way, Moby released his first singles for Instinct under several different names, such as Barracuda, Brainstorm, and UHF. His first single was a commercial failure—a rap record with vocalist Jimmy Mack, titled Times Up, featuring several remixes, very few copies were ever sold. His first single under the pseudonym Moby was Mobility, but it was his remix of Mobilitys b-side, Go and he released his eponymous debut in 1992. Some of his singles in 1992 and 1993 were Next Is the E, Thousand. In 1991 and 1992 he remixed The B-52s, The Prodigy, Orbital, Bob Taggett - Mind Metal, Erasure, Michael Jackson and he also provided a rap for a Recoil track called Curse. In 1993, Moby signed with Mute Records and released an EP titled Move and this became his second appearance on Top of the Pops
31.
Beck
–
Beck Hansen, known mononymously as Beck, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist. He is mostly known for his composition, as well as a palette of sonic genres. He rose to fame in the early 1990s with his experimental and lo-fi style. Today, he musically encompasses folk, funk, soul, hip hop, alternative rock, country and he has released 12 studio albums, as well as several non-album singles and a book of sheet music. Born in Los Angeles in 1970, Beck grew towards hip-hop and folk in his teens and began to perform locally at coffeehouses and he moved to New York City in 1989 and became involved in the citys small fiery anti-folk movement. Returning to Los Angeles in the early 1990s, he cut his breakthrough single Loser, which became a hit in 1994, and released his first major album, Mellow Gold. Odelay, released in 1996, produced hit singles, topped critic polls and he released the psychedelic Mutations in 1998, and the funk-infused Midnite Vultures in 1999. The soft-acoustic Sea Change in 2002 showcased a more serious Beck and he is reportedly working on a thirteenth studio album, with the singles Dreams and Wow having already been released. Two of Becks most popular and acclaimed recordings are Odelay and Sea Change, the four-time platinum artist has collaborated with several artists and has made several contributions to soundtracks. Beck is married to actress Marissa Ribisi, and is an active Scientologist, Beck was born in Los Angeles, to David Campbell, a Canadian-born musician, and Bibbe Hansen, a visual artist and former Warhol superstar. Bibbes mother was half Jewish, while Bibbes father, Al Hansen, was partly of Norwegian descent, Beck has said that he was raised celebrating Jewish holidays, and that he considers himself Jewish. Becks mother grew up amid New Yorks Andy Warhol Factory art scene of the 1960s, but moved to California at age 17 and his father is a Canadian-born arranger, composer and conductor who worked on hundreds of albums and numerous films. Beck began life in a house near downtown Los Angeles. As a child, he lived in a neighborhood just off Hollywood Boulevard. By the time we left there, they were ripping out miles of houses en masse and building low-rent, giant apartment blocks, the lower-class family struggled financially, moving to Hoover and Ninth Street, a neighborhood populated primarily by Koreans and Salvadorian refugees. He was sent for a time to live with his grandparents in Kansas. Since his paternal grandfather was a Presbyterian minister, Beck grew up influenced by church music, Beck also spent time in Europe with his maternal grandfather, Al Hansen, a visual collage artist and a pioneer in the avant-garde Fluxus movement. Beck obtained his first guitar at 16 and became a street musician, during his teens, Beck discovered the music of Sonic Youth, Pussy Galore and X, but remained uninterested in most music outside folk until many years into his career
32.
Portishead (band)
–
Portishead are an English band formed in 1991 in Bristol. They are often considered one of the pioneers of trip hop music, the band are named after the nearby town of the same name, eight miles west of Bristol, along the coast. Portishead consists of Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons and Adrian Utley, while citing a fourth member, Dave McDonald. Their debut album, Dummy, was met with acclaim in 1994. Two other studio albums were issued, Portishead in 1997 and Third in 2008, Portisheads first album Dummy was released in 1994. The cover features a still from the bands own short film To Kill a Dead Man, the credits indicate that at this juncture, Portishead was a duo of Geoff Barrow and Beth Gibbons. Adrian Utley, who co-produced the album with them, became a band member shortly after its release. Despite the bands aversion to press coverage, the album was successful in both Europe and the United States, Dummy was positively described by the Melody Maker as musique noire for a movie not yet made. Rolling Stone praised its music as Gothic hip-hop, Dummy spawned three singles, Numb, Sour Times and Glory Box, and won the Mercury Music Prize in 1995. The success of the saw the band nominated for Best British Newcomer at the 1995 Brit Awards. In 2003, the album was ranked number 419 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, the album is often considered one of the greatest trip hop albums to date and is a milestone in the definition of the genre. After their initial success, Portishead withdrew from the spotlight for three years until their album, Portishead, was released in 1997. The albums sound differed from Dummy, characterised as grainy and harsher, three singles, All Mine, Over and Only You were released, the first one achieving a Top 10 placing in the UK. In 1997, the band performed a show with strings at the Roseland Ballroom in New York City. A live album featuring these new orchestral arrangements of the groups songs was released in 1998. There was also a long-form VHS video of the performance, in 1999, Portishead recorded the song Motherless Child with Tom Jones for his album Reload. For the next few years, the members concentrated on solo. In February 2005, the band appeared live for the first time in seven years at the Tsunami Benefit Concert in Bristol, around that time, Barrow revealed that the band was in the process of writing its third album
33.
George Carey
–
George Leonard Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton, PC, FRSA is a retired Anglican bishop who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1991 to 2002, having previously been the Bishop of Bath and Wells. George Carey was born on 13 November 1935 in the East End of London in the United Kingdom and he attended Bonham Road Primary School in Dagenham, then failed his 11-plus. He then attended Bifrons Secondary Modern School in Barking before leaving at the age of 15. He worked for the London Electricity Board as a boy before starting his National Service at age 18 in the Royal Air Force as a wireless operator. Carey became a committed Christian at age 17 when he attended a service with some friends. He said that I had an experience which was very real. There were no blinding lights, simply a quiet conviction I had found something and he graduated in 1962 with a 2,1 Bachelor of Divinity degree and was subsequently ordained. He later obtained a Master of Theology degree and a Ph. D. from the University of Durham, Carey is the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to have been a graduate of either the University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge. The last Archbishop of Canterbury prior to Carey who was not a graduate of Oxford or Cambridge was Simon Sudbury. Carey was a curate at St Marys Islington, worked at Oak Hill Theological College and St Johns Theological College, Nottingham and became Vicar of St Nicholas Church, within two years he had trebled the congregation. He later wrote a book on his experiences there called The Church in the Market Place, in 1982, Carey was appointed Principal of Trinity College, Bristol. He became Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1987, he was consecrated a bishop by Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Southwark Cathedral on 3 December 1987 and enthroned in February 1988. The religious correspondent for The Times, Clifford Longley, commented that Mrs Thatchers known impatience with theological and moral woolliness, Carey was confirmed as Archbishop of Canterbury on 27 March 1991 and enthroned on 19 April 1991. On 31 October 2002, he retired from office and was created the day a crossbench life peer as Baron Carey of Clifton. He was succeeded by Rowan Williams, Carey is currently the Chancellor of the University of Gloucestershire and the London School of Theology. He is also an Honorary Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Scriveners, Careys theological roots are in the Evangelical tradition of the Church of England. Carey is tolerant of divorce and divorced people and the remarriage of divorced people, One of his sons is divorced and he also supported the marriage of the Prince of Wales to Camilla Parker-Bowles, whose first husband is living. He opposed homosexual relationships among members of the clergy, although he admits to having consecrated two bishops whom he suspected of having same-sex partners and he presided over the Lambeth Conference of 1998 and actively supported the conferences resolution which uncompromisingly rejected all homosexual practice as incompatible with scripture
[9]
[10]