1.
FM broadcasting
–
FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
2.
Radio station
–
A radio station is a set of equipment necessary to carry on communication via radio waves. Generally, it is a receiver or transmitter, an antenna, Radio stations play a vital role in communication technology as they are heavily relied on to transfer data and information across the world. More broadly, the definition of a radio station includes the aforementioned equipment, such a station may include several radio stations defined above. This definition of a station is more often referred to as a transmitter site. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily», transmitter - Takes the electrical output of a microphone and then modulates a higher-frequency carrier signal and transmits it as radio waves. Receiver - The broadcast message is received by the receiver and decodes the radio sine waves, antenna - An antenna is required for transmission, it is also required to receive radio waves. The main use of an antenna is to radio signals. Aerial feeder - system of feeding HF-Energy in the antenna Transmission lines - Transmission lines are used to transfer the radio signals from one location to another. For example, a line was used in Luftwaffe, Germany during WW II to send information from camps back to their base. Connectors Interface panel remote control – This is used to various different types of the equipment used in a radio station. To input broadcast data into a transmitter an interface panel will need to be used, cable – A cable can be used to connect the various devices. Equipment Rack – To hold all equipment in a secure and logical manner, power protection equipment – For holding equipments in a stable, secure and logical manner. UPS – For uninterrupted power supply and these are the most used/important devices and items for most radio stations. A microphone is used to capture the input of sound created by people speaking into the device. The sounds are turned into electrical energy, this energy then flows along a metal antenna. As the electrons in the current move back and forth up the antenna. The waves travel at the speed of light, taking the program with them. A compound of both a transmitter and a receiver is called a transceiver, they are combined and share common circuitry or a single housing, when no circuitry is common between the transmit and receive functions, the device becomes a transmitter-receiver
3.
Canada
–
Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Adult contemporary music
–
Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listeners attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure, the format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched, however, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers. An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are popular among adults. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s, a common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart, over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including hot AC, soft AC, urban AC, rhythmic AC, and Christian AC. Some stations play only hot AC, soft AC, or only one of the variety of subgenres, therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music, it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres. Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, a few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17,1961, with 20 songs, the chart described itself as not too far out in either direction. Initially, the vocalists consisted of such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s. After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced, better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the charts most popular performers and these middle of the road stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or beautiful music stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient, hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody
6.
London, Ontario
–
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census, London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County. London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, the first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855, since then, London has grown to be the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality and Canadas 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it. London is a centre of health care and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario, Fanshawe College. Londons university and hospitals are among its top ten employers, London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. It also has an airport, train and bus station. Prior to European contact in the 18th century, the present site of London was occupied by several Neutral, Odawa, archaeological investigations in the region indicate that aboriginal people have resided in the area for at least the past 10,000 years. The current location of London was selected as the site of the capital of Upper Canada in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. Simcoe intended to name the settlement Georgina, in honour of King George III, however, the choice of a capital site in the midst of extensive hardwood forests was rejected by Guy Carleton. In 1814, there was a skirmish during the War of 1812 in what is now southwest London at Reservoir Hill, the village of London, named after the English capital of London, was not founded until 1826, and not as the capital Simcoe envisioned. Rather, it was a seat for the area west of the actual capital. At the time, Crown and clergy reserves were receiving preference in the rest of Ontario, in 1832, the new settlement suffered an outbreak of cholera. London proved a centre of strong Tory support during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, London was incorporated as a town in 1840. On 13 April 1845, fire destroyed much of London, which was at the time largely constructed of wooden buildings, one of the first casualties was the towns only fire engine. This fire burned nearly 30 acres of land destroying 150 buildings before burning itself out later the same day, one-fifth of London was destroyed and this was the provinces first million dollar fire. Sir John Carling, Tory MP for London, gave three events to explain the development of London in a 1901 speech
7.
CHST-FM
–
CHST-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 102.3 FM in London, Ontario. The station uses the brand and format Jack FM. Jack FM broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 5.84 kW from the CFPL-TV tower in Southwest London. Due to CHST-FMs low ERP relative to some London area radio stations, its broadcast signal covers only Middlesex, Elgin, the stations coverage to the west is impeded by co-channel WGRT in Port Huron, Michigan. Approved by the CRTC in 1999, CHST was launched by CHUM Limited in 2000 and it originally used the brand Star 102.3 with a hot adult contemporary format, but was rebranded as the adult hits format Bob FM in July 2003. On June 21,2010, CTVglobemedia announced it had entered into an agreement to sell the station to Rogers Media, the sale was approved by the CRTC on December 22,2010. On September 12,2012, Rogers received approval to increase the effective radiated power from 5,840 to 20,400 watts. Following the acquisition, the continued to use the Bob FM name. On August 28,2014, at 6 a. m, CHST-FM adopted the Jack FM brand, with no change in format. Official website CHST History - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CHST-FM
8.
Bell Media
–
CTVglobemedia, was one of Canadas largest private media companies. Its operations included newspaper publishing, television broadcasting and production, radio broadcasting, in September 2010, Bell announced plans to re-acquire full control of the groups broadcasting assets. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the Bell/CTV portion of the deal in March 2011, the company was renamed Bell Media when the deal closed in April 2011, with Bells sympatico. ca Internet portal becoming part of Bell Media. CTVglobemedias main asset was CTV Inc. a major Canadian broadcaster, CTV and its subsidiaries own the following broadcast television assets, CTV, Canadas oldest, largest, and most-watched private broadcast television network, including 21 owned and operated stations. Along with broadcast television stations, CTVglobemedia also owned 30 cable television specialty channels, for all practical purposes, CTVglobemedia is the successor to Baton Broadcasting Inc. which by the late 1990s had become one of Canadas largest broadcasters. Baton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting Ltd. was originally formed in 1960 to operate Torontos first private TV station, the original investors included the Bassett and Eaton families, Joel Aldred and Ted Rogers, and Foster Hewitt in a much smaller role. Aldred sold his shares in 1961, followed by Rogers by 1970, with the Bassett and Eaton families firmly in control, CFTO was one of the charter affiliates of CTV when that network formed in 1961, becoming the networks flagship. In 1966, Baton became a part-owner in the network when it was reorganized as a station-owned cooperative, the Board of Broadcast Governors was initially skeptical about the proposal to turn CTV into a cooperative. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station in the network, additionally, if one owner ever bought another station, the acquired stations shares would be redistributed among the remaining owners so that each owner would still have one vote out of eight. In 1972, Baton began purchasing other CTV affiliates, starting with CFQC-TV in Saskatoon and this did not, however, give Baton a substantially higher investment in CTV, since its shares were redistributed among the other owners. As a result, Baton still had one vote out of eight. In 1987, Baton began an effort to take over CTV. It started this drive with an expansion into Saskatchewan, purchasing CKCK-TV in Regina, Yorkton twinstick CKOS-TV/CICC-TV. A twinstick CTV affiliate was soon launched in Prince Albert, CIPA-TV, in the late 1980s, Baton applied for a high-power station in Ottawa on channel 60. The licence was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, appealed to federal cabinet by rival broadcasters, however the licence was surrendered when Baton was instead able to acquire the local CTV affiliate, CJOH-TV, from Allan Slaights Standard Broadcasting. In 1990, Baton purchased the MCTV system of operations in Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury, Timmins. In 1993, Baton purchased CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham and received a licence for a new independent station, CHWI-TV, in 1991, the company launched Ontario Network Television, a secondary affiliation carried by Batons CTV and independent stations in Ontario. This was expanded in 1994 into the Baton Broadcast System, or BBS, BBS was meant as a backup in case Batons ongoing acquisitions did not translate into control of CTV itself
9.
Winnipeg
–
Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the centre of North America and is 110 kilometres from the U. S. border. It is also the place of the confluence of the Red, the city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a centre for aboriginal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738, a settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As of 2011, Winnipeg is the seventh most populated municipality in Canada, being located very far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C and average July highs of 26 °C. Known as the Gateway to the West, Winnipeg is a railway, Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, the Winnipeg Jets, Manitoba Moose. Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North and this point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact. Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name is a transcription of the Western Cree words for muddy or brackish water. Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area are varied, in 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions, the rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark, sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge. French trading continued at this site for decades before the arrival of the British Hudsons Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years War. Many French and later British men who were trappers married First Nations women, their mixed-race children hunted, traded and they gradually developed as an ethnicity known as the Métis because of sharing a traditional culture. Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement, the purchase of land from the Hudsons Bay Company, the North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudsons Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg. The two companies competed fiercely over trade, the Métis and Lord Selkirks settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudsons Bay and North West Companies merged, Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudsons Bay Company
10.
Manitoba
–
Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is one of the three provinces and Canadas fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.3 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres with a varied landscape. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years, in the late 17th century, fur traders arrived in the area when it was part of Ruperts Land and owned by the Hudsons Bay Company. In 1869, negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba led to an uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada. The rebellions resolution led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province, Manitobas capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canadas eighth-largest census metropolitan area. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, four of the provinces five universities and all four of its professional sports teams are in Winnipeg. The name Manitoba is believed to be derived from the Cree, the name derives from Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwa manidoobaa, both meaning straits of Manitou, the Great Spirit, a place referring to what are now called The Narrows in the centre of Lake Manitoba. It may also be from the Assiniboine for Lake of the Prairie, the lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies. Thomas Spence chose the name to refer to a new republic he proposed for the south of the lake. Métis leader Louis Riel also chose the name, and it was accepted in Ottawa under the Manitoba Act of 1870 and it adjoins Hudson Bay to the northeast, and is the only prairie province to have a saltwater coastline. The Port of Churchill is Canadas only Arctic deep-water port and the shortest shipping route between North America and Asia, Lake Winnipeg is the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Hudson Bay is the worlds second-largest bay, Manitoba is at the heart of the giant Hudson Bay watershed, once known as Ruperts Land. It was a area of the Hudsons Bay Company, with many rivers. The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes, Manitobas major lakes are Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Lake Winnipeg, the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Some traditional Native lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipegs east side are a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site. Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg. This basins rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, major watercourses include the Red, Assiniboine, Nelson, Winnipeg, Hayes, Whiteshell and Churchill rivers
11.
CFWM-FM
–
CFWM-FM is an adult hits radio station branded as 99.9 BOB FM. The station broadcasts from 1445 Pembina Highway, Winnipeg, Manitoba with sister stations 103.1 Virgin Radio, the station was originally launched in 1928 as AM800 CJRC. As with most early AM radio stations, it changed several times, permanently settling at 630 AM in 1935. In 1996, the moved to the FM band and adopted its current callsign. It was branded as Magic 99.9 with a contemporary format and was owned by Standard Radio. Due to Standard Radio later acquiring CKMM-FM and CFQX-FM from Craig Media, CFWM was sold to CHUM Limited in 2001 in exchange for CHOM-FM/Montreal. On March 4,2002, CFWM became the first in Canada ever to adopt an adult hits format, in 2007, the station, along with the other CHUM stations, were sold to CTVglobemedia and longtime morning show hosts Beau & Tom moved from CHIQ-FM to CFWM. On August 31,2009, Frazier, who hosted the morning show on CHIQ with Beau & Tom from 1995 to 2000. On January 4,2011, CFWMs morning show and CHIQ-FMs past morning show switched stations, putting Beau, Tom and Frazier back on CHIQ. Bob Washington, a personality on the station during the CKRC era, was well-known outside of Winnipeg as the voice of K-tel, a Winnipeg-based as seen on TV company. Bill Walker, who became one of the most recognizable television hosts of the 1950s and 60s, was morning man of CKRC from 1951 to 1955. Other notable personalities from the CKRC era include Doc Steen, Boyd Kozak, Jim Paulson, Scott Walker, Bernie Pascal, Billy Gorrie, Bryan Fustukian, website Facebook Page CFWM-FM history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CFWM-FM
12.
Rogers Communications
–
Rogers Communications Inc. is a Canadian communications and media company. It operates particularly in the field of communications, cable television, telephone. The present enterprise dates to 1960, when Rogers son, Ted Rogers and that company acquired CHFI that year, as well as Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting, a partnership with Joel Aldred which helped launch CFTO in 1961. Rogers later bought out Aldred and started the current cable and wireless operations, however, the company also competes nationally with Telus for wireless services, and primarily indirectly with Shaw Communications for television service. This was a breakthrough in the technology and became a key factor in popularizing radio reception, after this invention radios became far more commonplace in the world. No power transformers were needed in these radios In 1931, Rogers Sr. was awarded an experimental television licence in Canada and he was working on radar when, on May 6,1939 he died suddenly due to complications of a hemorrhage. He left a widow, Velma, and a five-year-old son, while his business interests were sold, his son later determined to carry on his fathers business. While Ted Rogers was a student with Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & Binnington, he started Rogers Radio Broadcasting Limited. In 1962, he pioneered stereo broadcasting in FM with CHFI, by making available FM radios to boost FM penetration, which was only at 3% at the time, Ted Rogers was able to make more Canadians aware of FM transmitters. CHFI-FM quickly became one of Canadas most listened to FM radio stations and one of the most popular, Rogerss interests in radio led him to cable television in the mid-1960s. He entered the business in 1967, and was awarded television licences for areas in and around Toronto. In 1974, Rogers Cable Communications expanded past 12 channels, including several multicultural channels, through a reverse-takeover in 1979, Ted Rogerss company, Rogers Cable TV Limited, acquired control of Canadian Cablesystems Limited. In 1980, the company purchased Premier Communications Limited, which almost doubled the number of cable subscribers, as a founding shareholder of Rogers Cantel Inc. which commenced service in 1985, the company entered the mobile phone market. The company operated a national telephone network in Canada in competition with the established telephone companies. Rogers Cantel Mobile Communications Inc. which is now called Rogers Wireless, is now a public company 51% of which is owned by Rogers Communications, between 1979 and 1982, Rogers Communications acquired and built a number of cable television systems in the United States. In March 1989, the completed the sale of its US cable television interests for CDN $1.581 billion. In 1986, Rogers Cablesystems changes its name to present-day Rogers Communications Inc and this led to Rogers Communications Inc. acquiring 40% of Unitel Communications, formerly CNCP Telecommunications, in September 1989. Unitel was granted permission by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in June 1992 to compete with the Canadian telephone monopolies in the long-distance market, in January 1993, 20% of Unitel Communications was sold to AT&T Corporation
13.
Jack FM
–
JACK FM is a radio station branding that is being licensed by Sparknet Communications to various media outlets located across Canada, United States, United Kingdom, and Russia. Those stations who adopt this branding play a mix of songs from the late 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s along with some current adult contemporary/hot adult contemporary singles. Jacks slogan playing what we want is also considered to be as more of a motto or philosophy of their programming and they promote themselves as having a larger and more varied playlist other than most commercial radio stations. It is sometimes not unusual for a Jack FM station to have a playlist of about 700 to 2000 songs being compared to normal FM radio stations which sometimes have playlists of less than 500 songs, the format has also been linked to an MP3/iPod set on shuffle. The stations that have the Jack FM format are officially classified as Variety Hits or Adult Hits by radio research companies in most cases, one of the early originators of this format was radio programmer Bob Perry, on an American Internet radio stream in 2000. Perry named the station after a fictitious persona, Cadillac Jack Garrett, however, according to Rogers Communications, the only thing taken, without permission, for the first Jack FM radio station, in Vancouver, was the name and the tagline. Rogers Communications came to an agreement with Perry for the use of the Jack FM name in Canada soon after the launch, the original webstream is still live to this day. Jack was also inspired by the success of CHUM Limiteds Bob FM brand on CFWM radio in Winnipeg, program director Howard Kroeger was inspired to create Bob FM after hearing a mix tape at a friends 40th birthday party. Other Canadian broadcasters copied the concept as well, adopting such brands as Corus Entertainments Dave FM, in 2003, an Ottawa station launched Frank FM as a one-day Halloween prank. Beginning in late 2002, the format was adopted on Canadian radio stations owned by Rogers Communications, the first Jack station was Vancouvers CKLG-FM, which quickly shot to the top of the citys BBM radio ratings. The format was adopted on other Rogers stations in 2002 and 2003. The format proved popular in markets where it was introduced. In 2004, SparkNet Communications, the owner of the Jack FM and Playing What We Want trademarks outside of Canada, started to license Jack FMs in the United States. On July 29,2005, Rawlcos CKCK in Regina, Saskatchewan became the first non-Rogers station in Canada to directly license the Jack FM brand rather than adopting an alternate name. On Wednesday, May 4,2005, at 11 AM, WQSR, listeners and staffers alike were surprised by the sudden change because many long-time DJs and on-air personalities were considered almost a Baltimore institution. WQSR received an amount of negative publicity regarding their format change. Popular former WQSR personality Steve Rouse has since resurfaced as the new morning show host at sister station, the Soft AC-formatted WLIF. Not long after, on Friday, June 3,2005, at 5,00 p. m. EDT, WCBS-FM, the oldies station in New York City, switched to Jack FM without any prior warning
14.
Corus Entertainment
–
Corus Entertainment is a Canadian media and broadcasting company. Formed in 1999 as a spin-off from Shaw Communications, it is headquartered at Corus Quay in Toronto, Ontario, and has prominent holdings in the radio, publishing, and television industries. Corus Entertainments voting majority is held by the companys founder JR Shaw and his family, Corus has a large presence in Canadian broadcasting, as owner of the national Global Television Network,39 radio stations, and a portfolio of 45 specialty television services. The spin-out would leave Shaw as a pure play telecommunications company, Corus would be a separate, publicly-traded company, first listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in September 1999, but would still be primarily controlled by the Shaw family. In September 1999, Corus acquired the assets of the Power Corporation of Canada. One of these stations, CHAU-TV, was later re-sold to Télé Inter-Rives, Corus also stated that it planned to use the purchase to help launch a preschool-oriented cable network in the United States. In March 2001, in response to complaints by the CRTC over its near-monopoly on ownership of childrens specialty channels in Canada, Corus sold Family Channel to Astral Media for $126.9 million. Corus also sold its stake in Western Canada pay-per-view service Viewers Choice to Shaw for $22.6 million, in August 2002, Corus sold CKDO and CKGE-FM to Durham Radio. Corus also sold its Red Deer, Alberta stations CKGY-FM and CIZZ-FM to Newcap Radio, in July 2007, Corus acquired CKBT-FM and CJZZ from Canwest. In June 2008, CHRC was sold to the group of the Quebec Ramparts hockey team. Also in August 2007, Corus announced a partnership with Hearst Corporation to launch Cosmopolitan TV, in March 2008, CTVglobemedia sold Canadian Learning Television to Corus for $73 million Corus launched a Canadian version of Nickelodeon on November 2,2009, replacing Discovery Kids. In 2010, Coruss sister company Shaw Communications re-entered the broadcasting industry through its acquisition of the assets of the bankrupt Canwest. On April 30,2010, Corus announced that it would sell its Québec radio stations, with the exception of CKRS, to Cogeco for $80 million, Corus cited their low profitability in comparison to their stations elsewhere as reasoning for the sale. On June 25, it was reported that Corus had agreed to sell CKRS to Radio Saguenay, on November 9,2010, Hasbro Studios signed an agreement with Corus to broadcast their productions on its networks. On March 26,2012, Corus and Shaw launched ABC Spark and this aspect of the deal, intended to quell concerns from the CRTC regarding Bells total market share after the merger, was approved by the Competition Bureau on March 18,2013. In an unrelated deal, Corus also announced that it would acquire Shaw Medias stakes in ABC Spark, Historia, Corus indicated that these purchases were meant to help the company expand its television holdings in the competitive Quebec market. Corus also planned to open a new office in Montreal following the sale, on September 1,2013, Coruss television business was reorganized into five divisions, Corus Kids, Corus Women and Family, Corus Content Distribution and Pay TV, Corus Airtime Sales and Corus Média. The Corus Kids division was subdivided into operations for YTV and its networks, the Teletoon Canada group
15.
CKNG-FM
–
CKNG-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 92.5 FM in Edmonton, Alberta. The station plays a hot adult contemporary format branded on-air as 92.5 Fresh Radio, cKNGs studios are located on 84th Street in downtown Edmonton, while its transmitter is located near Anthony Henday Drive in eastern Edmonton. The station is owned by Corus Entertainment which also owns other Corus radio stations across Canada. CKNG was the ninth most listened to station in the Edmonton market in the fall of 2008 but as of fall 2012. For the 2013 winter season, CKNG was the tenth most listened to radio station with a 5. 1% share, on October 29,1981, CFCN Communications, Ltd. was awarded a license for a new FM station to broadcast at 92.5 MHz. The station officially launched on August 11,1982, as CJAX-FM, in June 1986, CJAX flipped to soft rock, and changed its call letters to CKNG-FM. In 1989, CKNG was sold to Moffat Communications, by 1991, CKNG-FM became Power 92, a CHR/Top 40 station, which launched with The Power by Snap. In August 1992, the station was sold to Westcom Radio, six years later, the station was sold to Shaw Communications, and became a Corus O&O station the following September. In June 2003, CKNG shifted to hot adult contemporary as Power 92.5. After seven months as a hot AC station, the station flipped to adult hits, branded as 92.5 Joe FM, taking the format from sister station CHQT, the last song on Power 92.5 was The Power by Snap. The station then stunted for an hour with classic TV songs before Joe FM launched at 5 PM, with the first song being Good Times Roll by The Cars. On January 9,2013, at Noon, CKNG flipped back to Hot AC, the final song on Joe FM was Hotel California by The Eagles, while the first song on Fresh FM was Locked Out of Heaven by Bruno Mars
16.
CJDV-FM
–
CJDV-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 107.5 FM in Kitchener, Ontario owned by Corus Entertainment. The station airs a rock format branded on-air as 107.5 Dave Rocks. In 1954, Galt Broadcasting launched CKGR,1110 AM, a daytimer, with an ownership change in 1956, the station adopted the new call sign CFTJ. In 1975, CFTJ moved to AM1320, and CKKW in nearby Kitchener moved from 1320 to 1090, concurrently with this change, CFTJ moved to 24-hour broadcasting. This was planned as a temporary move — with CFGM in Richmond Hill scheduled to move to the 1320 frequency in 1978, in 1987, the station changed its call sign again, to CIAM, and was acquired by Kawartha Broadcasting. Kawartha became a division of Power Broadcasting in 1989, on June 25,1997, the station was licensed by the CRTC to move to the FM band. It completed the move on May 25,1998, launching on 92.9 FM with the new call sign CIZN-FM, in 2000, the station was purchased by its current owner, Corus Entertainment. Corus applied to the CRTC to move the stations frequency to 107.5 in 2002, on February 14,2003, the station received CRTC approval. CIZN left the air on July 20,2003, on July 21,2003, the station launched on 107.5 FM with its current call sign CJDV and adopted a classic hits format known as 107.5 DAVE-FM - 80s, 90s, Anything We Feel Like. In 2006, the CRTC denied Coruss application to increase CJDV-FMs average effective radiated power from 2,500 watts to 6,800 watts. In certain regions of its area, CJDV-FM has experienced recurring co-channel interference from CKMB-FM in Barrie. On January 14,2009, at 8 a. m, CJDV-FM changed its format to mainstream rock and adopted a new slogan Tri-Cities Best Rock but kept the Dave FM branding. On August 14,2009, CJDV-FM moved into a new broadcast facility with sister station CKBT-FM at 50 Sportsworld Crossing Road,107.5 Dave Rocks CJDV History - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CJDV-FM
17.
Country music
–
Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
18.
KFXN-FM
–
KFXN-FM100.3 —branded 100.3 FM KFAN, The Fan—is a commercial radio station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, broadcasting a sports talk format. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, and serves the Twin Cities market, KFXN-FMs transmitter is located in the suburb of Shoreview on KMSP-TVs tower. Its effective radiated power is 98,000 watts, the stations main studios are in St. Louis Park. KFXN-FM is the station of Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Golden Gophers football. It is also the station of the regional FAN Radio Network. At midnight on August 15,2011, iHeartMedia swapped the formats of KFAN, the new KFXN-FM call sign, shared with former AM sister station KFXN, was adopted the same day. The station started broadcasting in 1965 as WCTS, with a non-commercial Christian format, consisting of mostly Bible teachings, WCTS took its call letters from its owner - the Central Theological Seminary. WCTS continues broadcasting on 1030 AM, a startup company called Colfax Communications purchased WCTS-FM for $10 million in early 1993. Part of the deal was that they needed to find an AM station for the Seminary to purchase in order to continue the format, the slogan was Turn your knob to Bob. WBOB faced stiff competition from the long established K102 and upstart KJJO-FM, despite this, WBOB was consistently the second highest-rated country station in the market behind K102, even finishing ahead of them in a few books. However, when KJJO left the format in 1995, it allowed K102 to aim their guns directly at Bob, in 1996, both WBOB and KQQL were sold to Chancellor Broadcasting, which also owned KFAN, KDWB, KTCZ and KTCJ. A format change for WBOB was expected, and on April 15,1997, at 1,03 pm, after an hour of stunting, WBOB became WRQC, WRQC took to the air as Real Rock 100, and then Rock 100.3. Sterns show was a success in the market, but consistently finished second or third in the ratings, while only taking away a smaller than expected number of listeners from KQRS. WRQC did not meet its objective in providing a strong rival to KQRS, WRQC and Stern left the Twin Cities airwaves on August 3,1999, as the station began stunting by simulcasting co-owned KFAN. When the new format debuted two days later, the format was 1970s-era classic hits, which went to full-blown classic hits. Although ratings were decent initially, the overall performance was disappointing. During its period as WLOL, the owners, Chancellor Broadcasting, merged with Capstar Broadcasting to form AMFM Inc. WLOL remained on 100.3 for almost four years, on June 19,2003, at Noon, following a goodbye show by DJ Dan Riggs,100.3 changed to Smooth Jazz as Smooth Jazz 100.3 with new matching call letters KJZI
19.
Minnesota
–
Minnesota is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U. S. state on May 11,1858, the state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan Land of 10,000 Lakes. Its official motto is LÉtoile du Nord, Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U. S. Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe, in recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesotas standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota. Many places in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls, Minneiska, Minneota, Minnetonka, Minnetrista, and Minneapolis, a combination of mni and polis, Minnesota is the second northernmost U. S. state. Its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods county is the part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel. The state is part of the U. S. region known as the Upper Midwest and it shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and a land and water border with Wisconsin to the east. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota are to the west, with 86,943 square miles, or approximately 2.25 percent of the United States, Minnesota is the 12th-largest state. Minnesota has some of the Earths oldest rocks, gneisses that are about 3.6 billion years old. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean, the roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1, in more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago and these glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift, much of the remainder of the state outside the northeast has 50 feet or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. Gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest 13,000 years ago and its bed created the fertile Red River valley, and its outflow, glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River and the Upper Mississippi downstream from Fort Snelling. Minnesota is geologically quiet today, it experiences earthquakes infrequently, the states high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet, which is only 13 miles away from the low of 601 feet at the shore of Lake Superior. Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a rolling peneplain. Two major drainage divides meet in Minnesotas northeast in rural Hibbing, forming a triple watershed, precipitation can follow the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico, the Saint Lawrence Seaway east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the Hudson Bay watershed to the Arctic Ocean
20.
Mystery Science Theater 3000
–
Mystery Science Theater 3000 is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Best Brains, Inc. The show premiered on KTMA in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24,1988 and it later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for another six seasons until its cancellation in 1997. Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999. Over the series ten seasons,197 episodes and a film were produced. In 1995, there was also The Mystery Science Theater Hour, in 2015, Hodgson led a crowd funded revival of the series with at least fourteen episodes in its first season, to initially broadcast on Netflix in April 2017. These scenes were framed with interstitial sketches, the shows cast changed over its duration, most notably, the character of Joel was replaced by Mike Nelson in the shows fifth season. The revival will feature a new cast, including Jonah Ray as the new human test subject, along with Felicia Day. Factory, who along with Hodgson now own the rights to the show, MST3K was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME in 2007, and TV Guide has noted MST3K as one of the top cult television shows. The show won a Peabody Award in 1993, was nominated for two Emmy Awards in 1994 and 1995, and for the CableACE Award from 1992 to 1997. MST3K also brought to several older movies that had not received public attention and were subsequently identified as some of the worst movies ever made, most notably Manos. MST3K is set in the not-too-distant future, to keep his sanity, Joel builds several sentient robots collectively named the bots, Tom Servo, Crow T. Joel has no control over when the start, because he used the parts that would have allowed him to do so to build the robots. As the movie plays, Joel, Tom Servo, and Crow wisecrack and mock the movie — a practice often referred to as riffing — to prevent themselves from going mad. Over the course of the run, there were several cast changes. When Weinstein left the series after the first national season, Kevin Murphy replaced him as the voice of Tom Servo while TVs Frank replaced Weinsteins Dr. Erhardt as Dr. Forresters lackey. Hodgson departed the series halfway through the season, head writer Michael J. Nelson replaced him as the shows human host until the end of the series. When Conniff left following the season, Dr. Forrester was paired with his mother Pearl Forrester for the seventh season. Episodes of Mystery Science Theater 3000 are generally 90 minutes in running time, each episode primarily features the riffing of the movie, with these theater segments wrapped with live-action skits performed by the cast
21.
TV's Frank
–
TVs Frank, played by Frank Conniff, is a fictional character who is lab assistant to mad scientist Dr. Clayton Forrester in the television comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000. He appears at the beginning of Season 2, with the departure of Forresters earlier co-scientist Dr. Laurence Erhardt, according to The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Amazing Colossal Episode Guide, Dr. Forrester discovered Frank working at a nearby Arbys. Frank wears a black uniform and his hairstyle includes a spit-curl. He has a habit of calling Dr. Forrester Steve. He is listed in Deep 13s employee records as Frank, TVs, indicating that Frank is actually his surname, little is known about Franks past save that he attended Harriet Tubman High School, where he was held back at least twice. While working at Arbys, Frank was allegedly nicknamed Zeppo due to his sense of humor. Frank had a large personal fortune which surfaced whenever a large amount of money was required for a particular skit. Frank later appeared to the despondent Forrester as an entity and reconciled with him. After his departure, he was immortalized in the following years Mystery Science Theater 3000, in this appearance, he took the soul of Bobo and played ring toss with it in Castle Forrester. During TVs Franks tenure, the catchphrase Push the button, Frank, was a staple of most shows and the last thing heard before the credits would roll. Frank usually serves as a foil to his boss, Dr. Forrester. In the episode Laserblast, Pearl finds his head in a box. Occasionally, however, Frank gets revenge on his taskmaster by directly or indirectly causing Forrester harm, Frank participates in the weekly invention exchanges that are primarily a feature of the Joel Robinson years. His first invention was a rip-off of Joels invention, the BGC-1.9 drum machine and he repeated his thievery by introducing the Cheese Phone, which Joel had supposedly recorded in his notes from the 1970s. Unlike Forrester, Frank took a liking to Joel and the Bots, in Season 6, Dr. Forrester discovers that his mother, Mrs. Pearl Forrester, has had a strong friendship with TVs Frank that hed been unaware of. When she comes to visit, she winds up spending all her time with Frank and neglecting her son, Frank Conniff was one of the MST3K writers, providing his share of the movie riffs that defined the show. He also frequently screened the movies that ended up as MST3K fodder, occasionally, Franks multiple roles affected the shows storyline. In episode #621 The Beast of Yucca Flats, one host segment sketch features Crow T, robot continually asking if its 11,30 yet, based on breakfast-skipping Conniffs obsession with having lunch at 11,30
22.
CKLY-FM
–
CKLY-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 91.9 FM in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario. The station was launched in 1955 on AM910, owned by Greg-May Broadcasting and licensed to the community of Lindsay and it was acquired by McNabb Broadcasting in 1981, and by Centario Communications in 1993. On January 7,1998, Centario received permission from the CRTC to convert CKLY to the FM band at 91.9 MHz with a radiated power of 14,000 watts. CKLY-FM began on-air testing in early April 1998 with low power from a tower at the studio location, full-power tests began a short time later from a new tower located at the AM transmitter site. The station officially signed on at 91.9 FM in May branded as Y92 retaining the CKLY call letters, according to the Canadian Communications Foundation, the CKLY910 AM transmitter was shutdown on May 24,1998. The station was acquired by CHUM Limited on December 21,2000, on May 19,2005, CKLY-FM was given approval to decrease average effective radiated power from 14,000 to 5,270 watts, to increase antenna height and to relocate the transmitter. On August 21 or 22,2005 at 10,00 am, CKLY-FM became the latest CHUM-owned radio station to adopt its current BOB FM branding and adult hits format. On July 8,2008, long-time CKLY owner Pete McNabb died at the Victoria Manor in Lindsay, McNabb owned CKLY for 25 years, from 1961 to 1986. As of 2011, CKLY-FM is currently owned by Bell Media,91.9 Bob FM CKLY history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CKLY-FM
23.
Kawartha Lakes
–
The city of Kawartha Lakes is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. It is a municipality legally structured as a city, however. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area, the main population centres are the communities of Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, Lindsay, Omemee and Woodville. The citys name comes from the name of the Kawartha lakes, the term Kawartha is an anglicization of the word Ka-wa-tha, a word coined in 1895 by aboriginal Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nations. The word meant land of reflections in the Anishinaabe language, according to Whetung, the word was later changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, meaning bright waters and happy lands. Prior to its restructuring as a city, the area was known as Victoria County, the city was created in 2001, during the ruling provincial Progressive Conservative partys Common Sense Revolution. Through provincial legislation, the former Victoria County and its constituent municipalities were amalgamated into one entity named the City of Kawartha Lakes and this act was implemented by the Victoria County Restructuring Commission, led by commissioner Harry Kitchen. Despite a general opposition from residents of the area, the government pushed forward with the amalgamation. In 2011 census, the population of the Lindsay urban area was 20,354, National rank in terms of population,74 Provincial rank in terms of population,34 Only ethnic groups that comprise greater than 1% of the population are included. The separate township of Longford is uninhabited, though dotted with abandoned logging towns, in 2000, just prior to amalgamation into the city of Kawartha Lakes, the township of Verulam and the village of Bobcaygeon were amalgamated into the Municipality of Bobcaygeon/Verulam. Kawartha Lakes Municipal Airport is located one mile west north west of Lindsay. It offers a card lock fuel system and can be used by private and commercial airplanes. Towns and villages in City of Kawartha Lakes are interconnected by rivers, lakes, the Trent-Severn Waterway, which extends from Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario to Georgian Bay in the north, is part of the waterways in City of Kawartha Lakes. Five locks, Bobcaygeon 32, Lindsay 33, Fenelon Falls 34, Rosedale 35, coboconk is noted as being Canadas fresh water summit with waters flowing two different directions. It is the highest navigable point in Canada from which it is possible to reach the world, there are no water taxis operating in City of Kawartha Lakes. Boat and houseboat rentals are available, City of Kawartha Lakes has public bus transit in the town of Lindsay only, running three lines of hourly service Monday-Saturday from 7am-7pm. On June 21,2015 the pilot project rural bus route serving part of City of Kawartha Lakes ended service, the rural bus stopped in Lindsay, Dunsford, Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, and Cameron. Most school children are bussed to elementary and high school, the last Canadian National Railway train to run through City of Kawartha Lakes was on the Lindsay - Uxbridge line which ceased operation in 1991
24.
Ontario
–
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
25.
Lafayette, Indiana
–
Lafayette is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, located 63 miles northwest of Indianapolis and 105 miles southeast of Chicago. West Lafayette, on the side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette form the core of the Lafayette, according to the 2010 United States Census, the population of Lafayette was 67,140, roughly a 19% increase from 56,397 in 2000. Meanwhile, the 2010 U. S. Census pegged the population of West Lafayette at 29,596. When European explorers arrived at the area around what is now Tippecanoe County, in 1717, the French government established Fort Ouiatenon across the Wabash River and three miles south of present-day Lafayette. The fort became the center of trade for fur trappers, merchants, an annual reenactment and festival known as Feast of the Hunters Moon takes place there each autumn. The town of Lafayette was platted in May 1825 by William Digby and it was designated as the county seat of the newly formed Tippecanoe County the following year. Like many frontier towns, Lafayette was named for General Lafayette, Lafayette toured the United States in 1824 and 1825. In its earliest days, Lafayette was a center on the Wabash River. By 1845, Ellsworth had purchased 93,000 acres of farmland in and around Lafayette, by 1847 Ellsworth was distributing broadsides looking for farmers to purchase his farmland. Ellsworth Street and Ellsworth Historic District are named for the real estate developer. The Wabash and Erie Canal in the 1840s stimulated trade and affirmed Lafayettes regional prominence, railroads arrived in the town in the 1850s, connecting it with other major markets. The Monon Railroad connected Lafayette with other sections of Indiana, wise hoped to reach New York, however, weather conditions forced the balloon down near Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the mail reached its final destination by train. In 1959, the U. S. Postal Service issued a 7¢ airmail stamp commemorating the centennial of the event, Lafayette is located at 40°24′38″N 86°52′29″W and lies in Fairfield and Wea Townships. Elevation at the house is 550 feet, but city elevations range from a little over 500 feet at the Wabash River to approximately 700 feet in the areas of Murdock Park. According to the 2010 census, Lafayette has an area of 27.74 square miles. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.58 inches in February to 4.24 inches in June, as of the census of 2010, there were 67,140 people,28,545 households, and 15,863 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,420.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 31,260 housing units at an average density of 1,126.9 per square mile
26.
WRBT
–
WRBT is a country music radio station broadcasting in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts with a power of 25 kilowatts from a site in Enola. The station signed on the air on September 30,1962, then owned by the Market Square Presbyterian Church and it was run as a volunteer radio station, parishioners volunteered to do air shifts, broadcasting a Classical Music format. The station was sold in 1988 to Barnstable Broadcasting, who changed the format to a bland Adult Contemporary first, then an Oldies format, KOOL94.9. In 1995, Barnstable switched formats and call letters with its 99.3 signal, the generic mix format never did well and Barnstable put all of its Harrisburg market stations for sale in late 1996. In 1997, the sale was consummated with Dame Media the call letters were changed to WRBT, brad Chambers was hired as the program director. Bob 94.9 was well received in the community, through hard work and many promotions, remote broadcasts and other local involvement, it took over the top country spot from
27.
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
–
Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 49,673, it is the tenth-largest city in the Commonwealth and it lies on the east bank of the Susquehanna River,107 miles west of Philadelphia. The Harrisburg-York-Lebanon, PA Combined Statistical Area is made up of six counties in south central Pennsylvania, Harrisburg played a notable role in American history during the Westward Migration, the American Civil War, and the Industrial Revolution. The U. S. Navy ship USS Harrisburg, which served from 1918 to 1919 at the end of World War I, was named in honor of the city. The Pennsylvania Farm Show, the largest free indoor agriculture exposition in the United States, was first held in Harrisburg in 1917 and has held there every early-to-mid January since then. Harrisburg is also known for the Three Mile Island accident, which occurred on March 28,1979 near Middletown, in 2010 Forbes rated Harrisburg as the second best place in the U. S. to raise a family. Despite the citys recent financial troubles, in 2010 The Daily Beast website ranked 20 metropolitan areas across the country as being recession-proof, the financial stability of the region is in part due to the high concentration of state and federal government agencies. The finances of the city however, were poorly managed. Harrisburgs site along the Susquehanna River is thought to have been inhabited by Native Americans as early as 3000 BC, in 1719, John Harris, Sr. an English trader, settled here and 14 years later secured grants of 800 acres in this vicinity. In 1785, John Harris, Jr. made plans to lay out a town on his fathers land, in the spring of 1785, the town was formally surveyed by William Maclay, who was a son-in-law of John Harris, Sr. In 1791, Harrisburg became incorporated, and in October 1812 it was named the Pennsylvania state capital, the assembling here of the highly sectional Harrisburg Convention in 1827 led to the passage of the high protective-tariff bill of 1828. In 1839, Harrison and Tyler were nominated for President of the United States at the first national convention of the Whig Party of the United States, which was held in Harrisburg. Before Harrisburg gained its first industries, it was a scenic, pastoral town, typical of most of the day, compact, in 1822, the impressive brick capitol was completed for $200,000. It was Harrisburg’s strategic location which gave it an advantage over other towns. It was settled as a trading post in 1719 at an important to Westward expansion. The importance of the location was that it was at a pass in a mountain ridge, the Susquehanna River flowed generally west to east at this location, providing a route for boat traffic from the east. The head of navigation was a distance northwest of the town. Persons arriving from the east by boat had to exit at Harrisburg, Harrisburg assumed importance as a provisioning stop at this point where westward bound pioneers transitioned from river travel to overland travel
28.
KLCI
–
KLCI is a radio station serving the northwest Minneapolis-Saint Paul area of Minnesota, United States, that broadcasts a country music format. It is licensed to suburban Elk River, Minnesota and serves the Twin Cities as a rimshot signal, bob 106s transmitter is in Albertville, Minnesota and its studios are in Ramsey, Minnesota. KLCIs playlist focuses on a variety of country music, the station has a playlist of country from the 1960s to the best of today, with some music from the 1950s as well. KLCI adopted the slogan Minnesotas TOTAL Country to promote this, in 2006, KLCI became the radio flagship of Minnesota Lynx and Minnesota Timberwolves basketball, but lost this role with the Timberwolves starting with the 2008-09 season. The stations nickname, BOB106.1, came from a former Twin Cities country station, BOB100, KLCI picked up the nickname and referred to itself as The New BOB. The station was known as WQPM-FM, with the same country format. In 2007, BOB106 signed the long-time Twin Cities morning duo of Chuck & Jon who had been the two morning show in the Twin Cities area at KTIS-FM. Chuck Knapp retired in 2013, replaced by Neil Freeman who continued the Morning Show with Jon Engen, Jon Engen left the Morning Show in October 2014. KLCI has a station, KDDG FM105.5 in Albany. BOB106 has an agreement with WCCO radio that if Gophers are on at the time as Minnesota Wild then BOB106 broadcasts the Wild games
29.
KVGS
–
KVGS is a commercial radio station located in Meadview, Arizona, broadcasting to the Las Vegas metropolitan area on 107.9 FM. KVGS airs a hot adult contemporary format branded as Star 107.9, airing a mix of 1990s to 2010s pop, the stations studios are located in the unincorporated Clark County area of Spring Valley, while its transmitter is southwest of Lake Mead in Arizona. The station is licensed to Meadview, Arizona with its transmitter just outside Dolan Springs, the station has a full-power class C transmitter, and a 2,500 watt booster on The Stratosphere Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada to help fill in the signal in metro Las Vegas. Under former ownership of the locally based Desert Sky Media, the station was V-108 and it was moderately successful but it only lasted for three years. Riviera Broadcast Group acquired both KVGS and KOAS from Desert Sky, and flipped KVGS on October 21,2005 to a radio station as Area 108. In September 2009 it re-branded again as 107.9 The Alternative, on October 20,2011, soon after Beasley Broadcast Group bought the station and KOAS, KVGS ended its alternative rock format and flipped to Adult Hits as 107.9 Bob-FM. This returns the Adult Hits format to Las Vegas since KKJJ100.5 flipped from Jack FM to a simulcast of KXNT as KXNT-FM, the last song as 107.9 The Alternative was Guerrilla Radio by Rage Against the Machine. On January 12,2015, at 3 p. m. KVGS changed their format to hot AC, branded as Star 107.9. The station signed off Bob in a way as WRTB in Rockford, IL, with Bob deciding to leave town and sell the radio station. The last song on Bob FM was The Final Countdown by Europe, Radio stations KOAS105.7 and KVGS107.9 have on-channel FM boosters broadcasting from an antenna at the top of The Stratosphere. Licensed as KOAS-FM1 and KVGS-FM1, they are the radio stations with transmitters at the tower. However, the signals being transmitted from this structure are relatively low-power, both of these stations have their main transmitter sites located elsewhere, and those transmitter sites are what give these stations more wide spread, regional coverage. Official Website Query the FCCs FM station database for KVGS Radio-Locator information on KVGS Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KVGS
30.
Meadview, Arizona
–
Meadview is an unincorporated community in Mohave County, Arizona, United States, located near Lake Mead. Despite its name, the townsite does not overlook the lake and it was founded in the 1960s as a retirement community. Meadview is located at 36°0′N 114°4′W, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Meadview has a cold desert climate, abbreviated BWk on climate maps. Meadview is the community of license for five broadcast translator television stations, the TV stations rebroadcast Phoenix stations, and are owned by Mohave County. The radio station is owned and rebroadcasts a radio station from Redding
31.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
32.
CKX-FM
–
CKX-FM is the call sign of a Canadian radio station operating in Brandon, Manitoba, and owned by Bell Media. CKX-FM operates at 96.1 FM, broadcasting an adult hits format under the brand name 96.1 BOB FM, the station started operation in 1963 as a sister station to CKX AM. The station, with a power of 29,000 watts, was the first stereo FM station in Manitoba, in 1983, the station adopted the KX96 and mainstream rock format, making 2008 their 25th year on air. As a mainstream radio station, KX96 focused most of its airtime on classic rock or familiar music. In 1991, Western Manitoba Broadcasters, who formerly owned CKX-FM, CKX AM and CKX-TV, craigs radio operations in Brandon were sold to Standard Radio in 2002, along with two other Craig Media properties. Ownership changed hands again when on October 29,2007. It is now owned by Bell Media after Astral merged with the company in 2013, on August 30,2013, CKX-FM switched its format to adult hits and re-branded as 96.1 Bob FM. Official website CKX-FM history - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CKX-FM
33.
Brandon, Manitoba
–
Brandon is the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Brandon covers an area of 465.16 km2 and has a population of 48,859, while its census metropolitan area has a population of 58,003. It is a hub of trade and commerce for the Westman region as well as parts of southeastern Saskatchewan and northern North Dakota. The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882, having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Known as The Wheat City, Brandons economy is predominantly associated with agriculture, however it also has strengths in education, manufacturing, food processing, health care, Canadian Forces Base Shilo, which maintains close socioeconomic ties with Brandon, is located 35 km east of the city. Prior to the influx of people from Eastern Canada, the area around Brandon was primarily used by the Sioux people, the Bungays, the Yellow Quills, in the 1870s and early 1880s, the Plains Bison were nearly completely wiped out by over-hunting. With the destruction of their staff of life, the buffalo, French Canadians also passed through the area on river boats on their way to the Hudson Bay Post, Fort Ellice located near present-day St. Lazare, Manitoba. During the 1870s it was believed by most that the railway would take a northwesterly direction from Portage la Prairie. Many thought that the route would most likely go through either Minnedosa or Rapid City, Rapid City was the front runner for the site of the new railway and had prepared for the impending building boom accordingly. But suddenly, in 1881, the builders of the decided to take a more westerly route from Winnipeg. Grand Valley was located on the side of the Assiniboine. Grand Valley was originally settled by two brothers John and Dougal McVicar, and their families, with the expectation of the new railroad, settlers and prospectors now rushed to an area they had previously avoided. Around 1879 a few led by Reverend George Roddick had begun to build their new homes about 10 miles south of Grand Valley. Meanwhile, in Grand Valley with the promise of the railway, regular voyages were made by steam sternwheelers to the city, each bringing more and more settlers. In the spring of 1881, General Thomas L. Rosser and it was Rossers job to choose the townsites for the railway. Rosser approached Dougald McVicar of Grand Valley and offered him $25,000 for the railway in Grand Valley, McVicar countered with $50,000 to which Rosser replied that “I’ll be damned if a town of any kind is ever built here. So instead Rosser crossed the Assiniboine river and built the site of the railway on the high sandy south of the River, so the site was then moved to a site just west of todays current First Street bridge in Brandon. A shanty had been built there by a man named J. D. Adamson, after the location of the railway was once again changed, there was still hope that Grand Valley could become a rival neighbour to Brandon
34.
Grand Cayman
–
Grand Cayman is the largest of the three Cayman Islands and the location of the territorys capital, George Town. In relation to the other two Cayman Islands, it is approximately 75 miles southwest of Little Cayman and 90 miles southwest of Cayman Brac, Grand Cayman encompasses 76% of the territorys entire land mass. The island is approximately 22 miles long with its widest point being 8 miles wide, the elevation ranges from sea level at the beaches to 60 feet above sea level on the North Sides Mastic Trail. Grand Cayman Island includes five of the six districts of the Cayman Islands, Bodden Town, East End, George Town, North Side, and West Bay. Bodden Town - Founded in the 1700s, Bodden Town district comprises the part of Grand Cayman Island. The village of Bodden Town was the capital of the Cayman Islands. Its population is listed at 5,764. East End - The East End district is located at the east side of Grand Cayman Island and consists mostly of the Village of East End, numerous attractions, restaurants. Its population is listed at 1,371. George Town - The capital of the Cayman Islands and world-famous centre for offshore banking, North Side - Includes Kaibo, Rum Point, and Breakers. Its population is listed at 1,079. Sand Point Cove in Rum Point is home to a Bioluminescent Bay or Bio Bay, West Bay - Has numerous tourist attractions including the Cayman Turtle Farm and the Cayman Motor Museum. Towns in the West Bay district include Seven Mile Beach, Hell and its population is currently listed at 8,243. The remaining district is Sister Islands, which consists of the islands of Cayman Brac and its population is currently listed at 1,937. Of the flora, a representation of the variety of plant life on Grand Cayman can be found at the Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park located in the North Side District. Wild banana orchids, ghost orchids, thatch palm trees, red birch trees, mahogany trees and various fruit trees such as avocado, mango, guinep, naseberry, breadfruit, and tamarind. Yellow mastics, black mastics are also seen in the park as well as on the 2 miles -long Mastic Trail, elsewhere outside the park, all of these species can be seen around Grand Cayman, including coconut palm, Casuarina pine, mangrove, and poinciana trees. Fauna seen in locations around the island include blue iguanas, Grand Cayman amazon parrots, Central American agouti, and Gecarcinus ruricola
35.
Cayman Islands
–
The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea. Its population is approximately 60,000, and its capital is George Town, the Cayman Islands are considered to be part of the geographic Western Caribbean Zone as well as the Greater Antilles. The territory is considered a major world offshore financial haven for many wealthy individuals. The Cayman Islands remained largely uninhabited until the 17th century, the first recorded permanent inhabitant of the Cayman Islands, Isaac Bodden, was born on Grand Cayman around 1661. He was the grandson of the original settler named Bodden who was one of Oliver Cromwells soldiers at the taking of Jamaica in 1655. England took formal control of the Cayman Islands, along with Jamaica, following several unsuccessful attempts at settlement, a permanent English-speaking population in the islands dates from the 1730s. With settlement, after the first royal land grant by the Governor of Jamaica in 1734, many were brought to the islands from Africa, this is evident today with the majority of native Caymanians being of African and English descent. The results of the first census taken in the islands in 1802 showed the population on Grand Cayman to be 933 with 545 of those inhabitants being enslaved, slavery was abolished in the Cayman Islands in 1833. At the time of abolition, there were over 950 Blacks of African ancestry enslaved by 116 white families of English ancestry. The islands continued to be governed as part of the Colony of Jamaica until 1962, the Cayman Islands historically have been a tax-exempt destination. On 8 February 1794, the Caymanians rescued the crews of a group of ten merchant ships, including HMS Convert, the ships had struck a reef and run aground during rough seas. Legend has it that King George III rewarded the island with a never to introduce taxes as compensation for their generosity. While this remains a legend, the story is not true. However, whatever the history, in practice the government of the Cayman Islands has always relied on indirect, the islands have never levied income tax, capital gains tax, or any wealth tax, making them a popular tax haven. On 11 September 2004 the island of Grand Cayman, which lies largely unprotected at sea level, was hit by Hurricane Ivan, an estimated 83% of the dwellings on the island were damaged including 4% requiring complete reconstruction. A reported 70% of all dwellings suffered severe damage from flooding or wind, another 26% sustained minor damage from partial roof removal, low levels of flooding, or impact with floating or wind driven hurricane debris. Power, water and communications were disrupted for months in areas as Ivan was the worst hurricane to hit the islands in 86 years. Grand Cayman began a rebuilding process and within two years its infrastructure was nearly returned to pre-hurricane status.23 years
36.
Brockville
–
Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and it is included with Leeds and Grenville for census purposes only. It is located 115 kilometres south of the capital of Ottawa. It is one of Ontarios oldest European-Canadian communities and is named after the British general Sir Isaac Brock, indigenous peoples lived along both sides of the St. Lawrence River for thousands of years. While the explorer Cartier recorded about 200 words in their Laurentian language, anthropologists believe they may have been driven out or defeated by the powerful Mohawk people of the Iroquois Confederacy, who by then reserved the St. Lawrence Valley as a hunting ground. This area of Ontario was first settled by English speakers in 1785 and they were later called United Empire Loyalists because of their continued allegiance to King George III. The struggle between Britain and the 13 American colonies occurred in the years 1776 to 1783, and seriously divided loyalties among people in some such as New York. In many areas traders and merchants, especially in the cities or the northern border regions, had stronger business ties. Many Loyalists chose to flee north to the British colony of Quebec, the first years were very harsh as they struggled on the frontier. Some exiles returned to the United States, the St. Lawrence River was named by French explorers in the 18th century to honour the martyred Roman Christian, Saint Laurentis. Loyalist to take up land in Brockville was William Buell Sr. an ensign disbanded from the Kings Rangers, residents commonly called the first settlement Buells Bay. Around 1810 government officials of Upper Canada designated the village as Elizabethtown, about 1812 leading residents of the village suggested that the village be renamed to differentiate it from the township of Elizabethtown. The commanding British General in Upper Canada and temporary administrator of the province was Major-General Isaac Brock and he was celebrated as the Hero and Saviour of Upper Canada because of his recent success in securing the surrender by Americans of Fort Detroit during the War of 1812. Perhaps to curry favour with Gen. Brock, certain leading citizens of the village, including Charles Jones and they began using this name in their correspondence and dealings with Isaac Brock. Gen. Brock was soon involved in battles on the Niagara Peninsula. On October 13,1812, he was wounded while leading troops up the heights near the village of Queenston. General Brock had learned of the honour being offered by the residents of Elizabethtown, provincial officials accepted the new name, which was soon commonly used by residents and visitors. In 1830 the population of Brockville exceeded the 1000 mark and this entitled it to be represented by its own elected member in the House of Assembly
37.
CJPT-FM
–
CJPT-FM is a radio station, airing at 103.7 FM in Brockville, Ontario, Canada. The station, owned by Bell Media, airs an adult hits format branded as Bob FM, the station was originally licensed by the CRTC in 1987 to Eastern Broadcasting, the owner of CFJR. Eastern sold both stations to St. Lawrence Broadcasting before the FM station was launched, St. Lawrence launched the FM station in mid-1988 as classic rock CHXL. The former CHXL brandings were XL-103 and The River, in 1996, both Brockville stations, as well as sister stations CKLC and CFLY in Kingston, were sold to CHUM Limited. On January 1,2001, CHUM changed CHXLs call sign and format, adopted the current CJPT calls, on July 14,2003, CHUM adopted the stations current format and brand name. CHUM was acquired by CTVglobemedia in 2007, and since CTVglobemedias 2011 breakup,103.7 BOB FM CJPT History - Canadian Communications Foundation Query the RECs Canadian station database for CJPT-FM
38.
Anchorage, Alaska
–
Anchorage is a unified home rule municipality in the U. S. state of Alaska. All together, the Anchorage metropolitan area, which combines Anchorage with the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough, had a population of 401,635 in 2016. Anchorage is located in the portion of Alaska at the terminus of the Cook Inlet on a peninsula formed by the Knik Arm to the north. The city limits span 1,961.1 square miles encompass the urban core. Due to its location on the globe, being almost equidistant from New York City, Tokyo, Anchorage has been named an All-America City four times, in 1956,1965, 1984–85, and 2002, by the National Civic League. It has also named by Kiplinger as the most tax-friendly city in the United States. Russian presence in south central Alaska was well established in the 19th century, in 1867, U. S. Secretary of State William H. Seward brokered a deal to purchase Alaska from Imperial Russia for $7.2 million. His political rivals lampooned the deal as Sewards folly, Sewards icebox, by 1888, gold was discovered along Turnagain Arm. Alaska became a United States territory in 1912, Anchorage, unlike every other large town in Alaska south of the Brooks Range, was neither a fishing nor mining camp. The area surrounding Anchorage lacks significant economic metal minerals, a number of Denaina settlements existed along Knik Arm for years. By 1911 the families of J. D. Bud Whitney, jack Brown, and his bride, Nellie, in 1912 to have lived in the Ship Creek valley in the 1910s prior to the large influx of settlers. The city grew from its choice as the site, in 1914, under the direction of Frederick Mears. The area near the mouth of Ship Creek, where the headquarters was located. A town site was mapped out on higher ground to the south of the tent city, greatly noted in the years since for its order and rigidity compared with other Alaska town sites. In 1915, territorial governor John Franklin Alexander Strong encouraged residents to change the name to one that had more significance. In the summer of year, residents held a vote to change the citys name. However, the government ultimately declined to change the citys name. Anchorage was incorporated on November 23,1920, construction of the Alaska Railroad continued until its completion in 1923
39.
Augusta, Georgia
–
It is in the piedmont section of the state. The city was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, according to 2012 US Census estimates, the Augusta–Richmond County population was 197,872, not counting the unconsolidated cities of Hephzibah and Blythe. It is the 116th-largest city in the United States, internationally, Augusta is best known for hosting The Masters golf tournament each spring. The area along the river was inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The site of Augusta was used by Native Americans as a place to cross the Savannah River, in 1735, two years after James Oglethorpe founded Savannah, he sent a detachment of troops to explore the upper Savannah River. He gave them an order to build at the head of the part of the river. The expedition was led by Noble Jones, who created the settlement to provide a first line of defense for coastal areas against potential Spanish or French invasion from the interior, Oglethorpe named the town Augusta, in honor of Princess Augusta, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Oglethorpe visited Augusta once, in September 1739, Augusta was the second state capital of Georgia from 1785 until 1795. Augusta developed rapidly as a town as the Black Belt in the Piedmont was developed for cotton cultivation. Invention of the cotton gin made processing of cotton profitable. Cotton plantations were worked by labor, with hundreds of thousands of slaves shipped from the Upper South to the Deep South in the domestic slave trade. In the mid-20th century, it was a site of civil rights demonstrations, in 1970 Charles Oatman, a mentally disabled teenager, was killed by his cellmates in an Augusta jail. A protest against his death broke out in a riot involving 500 people, after six black men were killed by police, the noted singer and entertainer James Brown was called in to help quell lingering tensions, which he succeeded in doing. Augusta is located on the Georgia/South Carolina border, about 150 miles east of Atlanta and 70 miles west of Columbia, the city is located at 33°28′12″N 81°58′30″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Augusta–Richmond County balance has an area of 306.5 square miles. Augusta is located halfway up the Savannah River on the fall line. The city marks the end of a waterway for the river. The Clarks Hill Dam is built on the line near Augusta
40.
WDRR
–
WDRR also known as 93.9 Bob FM, is a classic hits radio station located in Augusta, Georgia. The station is licensed to the town of Martinez, Georgia by the Federal Communications Commission, the station is owned by Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc. through licensee Beasley Media Group, LLC. Its studios are located just two blocks from the Augusta-Richmond County border in unincorporated Columbia County, Georgia and the transmitter is in Augusta proper near Fort Gordon, WMTZ94.3 FM signed on in 1984 as a contemporary country outlet. In 1989, it switched formats to oldies and became 94 Gold, slow growth in 1991 forced the station to again switch formats. This time, and a new moniker Magic 94, the station became WGOR in December 1992 when Beasley Broadcasting took over and reverted with an oldies format as Oldies 94. In 1994, WGOR upgraded its signal to 13 kW. and moved to 93.9 FM becoming 93.9 Cool FM and later changed to Oldies 93.9. In 2004, WGOR moved the format and call letters to the weaker 102.7 FM, becoming Oldies 102.7. WKDG became 93.9 The Big Dog, but kept the country format. In 2005, after a year where the station showed little growth, featured artists were The Rolling Stones, Journey, John Mellencamp, Billy Joel, America, and Eric Clapton. After the flip, the station evolved into classic rock. In April 2010, the station flipped to an adult hits format under the Bob FM branding, since the change, the format has evolved more to a classic hits format featuring primarily 1980s music and some 1970s and early 1990s music. Media in Augusta, Georgia 93.9 Bob FM — official website Query the FCCs FM station database for WDRR Radio-Locator information on WDRR Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WDRR
41.
Augusta, Kansas
–
Augusta is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 9,274, the confluence of the Whitewater River and the Walnut River was originally inhabited by Osage people, who found the land ideal for hunting and fishing. In 1868, C. N. James settled in the area and built a log cabin to serve also as a general store and trading post. Around that same time, a post office was established in the settlement, and as the first postmaster, C. N. James named the post office and the town in honor of his wife, Augusta James. In 1877, the Florence, El Dorado, and Walnut Valley Railroad Company built a line from Florence to El Dorado. In 1881 it was extended to Douglass, and later to Arkansas City, the rail line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Service from Florence to El Dorado was abandoned in 1942, the original branch line connected Florence, Burns, De Graff, El Dorado, Augusta, Douglass, Rock, Akron, Winfield, Arkansas City. The Frisco Railroad was later extended through Augusta, the discovery of oil and natural gas in Butler County lead to further growth and became a major source of employment for many years. The closure of Mobil Refinery in 1983 marked a change in Augustas commerce, in 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline was constructed about 1.5 miles west of Augusta, north to south through Butler County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns. Augusta is located at 37°41′33″N 96°58′48″W, at the confluence of the Walnut and it is located along the western edge of Butler County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.75 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Augusta has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,274 people,3,669 households, the population density was 2,192.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,951 housing units at a density of 934.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 2% White,0. 4% African American,1. 3% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 1% from other races, and 2. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 0% of the population,29. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.10. The median age in the city was 35.7 years
42.
KIBB
–
KIBB is a radio station broadcasting an adult hits format branded as Bob FM. Licensed to Haven, Kansas, the serves the Wichita area. The station is owned by Connoisseur Media. The stations studios are located at Brittany Place in Northeast Wichita, the 97.1 frequency, which targeted the Hutchinson area, signed on the air on May 11,1998 with an adult contemporary format as Classy 97.1 KLSI. The KLSI call letters belonged to Kansas City radio station KMXV. The station was owned by Ad Astra Per Aspera Broadcasting, on November 27,1998, the station flipped to an adult-oriented Top 40 format, branded simply as 97.1 KSKU. AAPA would sell the station to Connoisseur in 2007, at the same time, AAPA would relocate the Top 40 format to 94.7 FM, replacing satellite-fed oldies. The newly relocated frequency received the call letters KGGG on February 1,2007, which were located on 94.7, however. The adult hits format would relocate to 97.1 from 100.5 on February 14,2008,97.1 would acquire the KIBB call letters the day before, while the KGGG call letters would relocate to a sister station in Iowa. Query the FCCs FM station database for KIBB Radio-Locator information on KIBB Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KIBB
43.
Austin, Texas
–
Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
