Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin, named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union; the order was awarded to: Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State Members of the armed forces for exemplary service Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and societyFrom 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service. Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union" and "Hero of Socialist Labour" were given the order as part of the award, it was bestowed on cities, factories, military units and ships. Corporate entities, various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied the full name of the order into their official titles.
The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov. It was made by Goznak of silver with some gold-plated features, it was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle" emblem, at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted, it was awarded between 1930–1932. The second design was awarded from 1934 until 1936; this was a solid gold badge. The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat, a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script. A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel; the third design was awarded from 1936 until 1943. Design was same as previous, but the central disc was gray enamelled and Lenin's portrait was separate piece made of platinum fixed by rivets.
The fourth design was awarded from 1943 until 1991. Design was worn as a medal suspended from a ribbon; the badge was worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. It was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges; the ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991; the first Order of Lenin was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on 23 May 1930. Among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze; the first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot Valery Chkalov in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki, became the first to receive a third Order in 1939; the first five foreign recipients, a German and four Americans, received the award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture in 1931–1934.431,418 orders were awarded in total, with the last on 21 December 1991.
11 times: Nikolay Patolichev, longtime Minister for Foreign Trade of the USSR Dmitriy Ustinov, Defence Minister in 1976–1984 10 times: Efim Slavsky, Head of Sredmash, the ministry responsible for nuclear industry, in 1957–1986 Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, aircraft designer 9 times: Petr Dementiev, Minister of Aviation Industry in 1953–1977 Vasily Ryabikov, defence industry official, co-head of the first Sputnik project Nikolay Semyonov, winner of 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov. Ramón Mercader Sergey Afanasyev Aziz Aliyev Clyde G. Armistead and William Latimer Lavery George Avakian American record producer who promoted international musical exchange between Russian and American musicians. Valeriy Borzov Emilian Bukov Bill Booth Fidel Castro Konstantin Chelpan Luis Corvalán Álvaro Cunhal Sripat Amrit Dange Joseph Davies (American diplomat
Anthony Perkins
Anthony Perkins was an American actor and singer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his second film, Friendly Persuasion, but is best known for playing Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho and its three sequels, his other films include Fear Strikes Out, The Matchmaker, On the Beach, Tall Story, The Trial, Five Miles to Midnight, Pretty Poison, Murder on the Orient Express, North Sea Hijack, The Black Hole, Crimes of Passion. Perkins was born in New York City, son of stage and film actor Osgood Perkins and his wife, Janet Esselstyn, his paternal great-grandfather was wood engraver Andrew Varick Stout Anthony. He was five. Perkins was a descendant of John Howland, he attended Brooks School, Browne & Nichols School, Columbia University and Rollins College, having moved to Boston in 1942. Perkins made his film debut in The Actress; the film was a commercial disappointment. Perkins was first noticed when he replaced John Kerr on Broadway in the lead of Tea and Sympathy in 1954.
This renewed Hollywood interest in him. Perkins received considerable fame for his second film, Friendly Persuasion, directed by William Wyler, in which he played the son of the lead role, played by Gary Cooper; the film was a hit and Perkins received the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor and an Academy Award nomination. Subsequently, Perkins starred as troubled former Boston Red Sox baseball player Jimmy Piersall in the 1957 biopic Fear Strikes Out and in the two Westerns The Lonely Man and The Tin Star, he released three pop music albums and several singles in 1957 and 1958 on Epic and RCA Victor under the name Tony Perkins. His single "Moon-Light Swim" was a moderate hit in the United States, peaking at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1957, he showcased his musical talents in The Matchmaker with Shirley MacLaine. A life member of the Actors Studio, Perkins acted in theater. In 1958, he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance in Look Homeward, Angel on Broadway.
He played the role of Eugene Gant. In film, he appeared in This Angry Age for Columbia and Desire Under the Elms for Paramount, lusting after Sophia Loren, he was more cast in The Matchmaker. Perkins was Audrey Hepburn's love interest in one of Hepburn's few flops, he was a doomed lover in On the Beach and played a college basketball champion in Tall Story, best remembered for being Jane Fonda's film debut. On Broadway, he starred in the Frank Loesser musical Greenwillow, for which he was nominated for another Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Perkins in youth had a boyish, earnest quality, reminiscent of the young James Stewart, which Alfred Hitchcock exploited and subverted when the actor starred as Norman Bates in the 1960 film Psycho; the film was a critical and commercial success, gained Perkins international fame for his performance as the homicidal owner of the Bates Motel. Perkins' performance gained him the Best Actor Award from the International Board of Motion Picture Reviewers.
The role and its multiple sequels affected the remainder of his career. In 1961, Perkins received considerable critical acclaim for his performance in the film Goodbye Again, shot in Paris opposite Ingrid Bergman, a performance which won him the Best Actor Award at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival; the film was a notable success in France but not the US. He appeared in a short-lived Broadway play Harold made a series of films in Europe: Phaedra, shot in Greece with Melina Mercouri and directed by Jules Dassin, he made a film in Mexico, The Fool Killer returned to France to make a cameo in Is Paris Burning?. For American television, he appeared in Evening Primrose, he went to Broadway to appear in a play by Neil Simon, The Star-Spangled Girl. Perkins starred in another French film, The Champagne Murders for Claude Chabrol made his first Hollywood movie since Psycho, Pretty Poison with Tuesday Weld; the film was not a box office success. Perkins moved into supporting roles in Hollywood-feature films, playing Chaplain Tappman in Catch-22 and appearing in WUSA.
Off Broadway, he directed Steambath. He had the lead in a TV movie, How Awful About Allan and supported Charles Bronson in the French movie, Someone Behind the Door, he starred in Chabrol's Ten Days' Wonder. Perkins was reunited with Weld, he was in The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean. Perkins co-wrote, with composer/lyricist Stephen Sondheim, the screenplay for the 1973 film The Last of Sheila, for which they received a 1974 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. Perkins was one of the many stars featured in the 1974 hit Murder on the Orient Express, he co-starred with Beau Bridges in Lovin' Molly. He enjoyed success on Broadway in Peter Shaffer's 1974 play Equus. Off Broadway he directed The Wager. Perkins supported Diana Ross in Mahogany and hosted television's Saturday Night Live in 1976, he co-starred wit
Aleksey Batalov
Aleksey Vladimirovich Batalov was a Soviet and Russian actor acclaimed for his portrayal of noble and positive characters. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1976 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1989. Batalov was born into a family associated with the theatre, his uncle Nikolay Batalov starred in Vsevolod Pudovkin's classic Mother. Modernist poet Anna Akhmatova was a family friend, he painted a well-known portrait of her in 1952. Batalov joined the Moscow Art Theatre in 1953 but left three years to concentrate on his career in film. During the Khrushchev Thaw he was one of the most recognizable actors in the Soviet Union; the Cranes Are Flying is his best-regarded film of the period, the one which won Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. He starred in Mikhail Romm's Nine Days of One Year. In 1967 he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival. During the 1960s and 1970s, Batalov became known for his fastidious approach towards choosing roles for himself.
He appeared in film adaptations of Russian classics, including Anton Chekhov's The Lady with the Dog and Bulgakov's The Flight. He directed screen versions of Gogol's The Overcoat and Yuri Olesha's Three Fat Men. In the 1970s he concentrated on professorship at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. In 1979 Batalov was invited to play Gosha, a mill machinist, in the melodrama Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears. After many hesitations, Batalov brilliantly played his part in the movie, which won him the USSR State Prize; the role was central to the film's Soviet message. As one character says in the picnic scene: "Seventy percent of my doctorate was due to Gosha's mechanical genius". After that, he retired from acting and devoted his time to coaching new generations of film actors. Boris Yeltsin presented the Lifetime Achievement Nika Award to him in 2002. Batalov was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation. In 2007 he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.
In March 2014 he signed a letter in support of the position of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on Russia's military intervention in Ukraine. Batalov died on 15 June 2017 in Moscow from complications of a fall, which resulted in a hip fracture, at the age of 88. Awards of Russia and the USSR Hero of Socialist Labour Order of Merit for the Fatherland 2nd class – for outstanding contribution to the development of national culture, many years of creative and educational activities 3rd class – for outstanding contributions to the development of national cinematography Two Orders of Lenin Honored Artist of the RSFSR People's Artist of USSR People's Artist of the RSFSR USSR State Prize – for taking part in the movie Moscow does not believe in tears State Prize of the RSFSR – for taking part in the movie Nine Days of One Year State Prize of the Russian Federation Russian Presidential Prize in Literature and Art in 1999 Foreign awards Order of St. Cyril and Methodius Community Awards Order of Peter the Great Lenin Komsomol Prize Juno Award Idol Award – For high service to art Commemorative Medal for the 150th anniversary of Anton Chekhov, by the Moscow Art Theatre Zoya as Aleksey A Big Family as Aleksey Ilich Zhurbin The Rumyantsev Case as Sasha Rumyantsev Mother as Pavel Vlasov The Cranes Are Flying as Boris The Lady with the Dog as Dmitri Dmitrievich Gurov Nine Days of One Year as Dmitri Gusev A Day of Happiness as Alexander Nikolaevich Beryozkin Three Fat Men as Fyodor Vasilyevich Protasov The Seventh Companion as commissar The Flight as Sergei Pavlovich Golubkov A Very English Murder as Dr. Botwink The Captivating Star of Happiness as Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears as Georgy Time for rest from Saturday to Monday as Pavel Stalin's Funeral as Eugene's father The Overcoat Three Fat Men The Gambler Hedgehog in the Fog The Adventures of Scamper the Penguin Aleksey Batalov on IMDb
The Fall of Berlin (film)
The Fall of Berlin is a 1950 Soviet war film and an example of Soviet realism, in two parts separated in the manner of a serial, directed by Mikheil Chiaureli, released by the Mosfilm Studio. The script was written by Pyotr Pavlenko, the musical score composed by Dmitri Shostakovich, it starred Mikheil Gelovani as Joseph Stalin. Portraying the history of the Second World War with a focus on a positive depiction of the role the Soviet leader played in the events, it is considered one of the most important representations of Stalin's cult of personality. Alexei Ivanov, a shy steel factory worker surpasses his production quota and is chosen to receive the Order of Lenin and to have a personal interview with Joseph Stalin. Alexei has difficulties approaching her; when he meets Stalin, who tends his garden, the leader helps him to understand his emotions and tells him to recite poetry to her. They both have a luncheon with the rest of the Soviet leadership in Stalin's home. After returning from Moscow, Alexei confesses his love to Natasha.
While they are both having a stroll in a wheat field, their town is attacked by the Germans, who invade the Soviet Union. Alexei loses his consciousness and sinks into a coma; when he awakes, he is told that the Germans are at the gates of Moscow. In the capital, Stalin plans the defense of the city, explaining to the demoralized Georgy Zhukov how to deploy his forces. Alexei volunteers for the Red Army, takes part in the parade in the Red Square and in the Battle of Moscow. At Berlin, after receiving the blessings of his allies – Turkey, the Vatican and Japan – and watching a long column of Soviet slaves-laborers, Natasha among them, Adolf Hitler is furious to hear that Moscow has not fallen, he dismisses Walther von Brauchitsch from his office and offers the command of the army to Gerd von Rundstedt. Hitler orders to attack Stalingrad. In the meanwhile, Hermann Göring negotiates with British capitalist Bedstone, who supplies Germany with needed materials. After the Soviet victory in Stalingrad, Vasily Chuikov tells Ivanov that Stalin is always with the Red Army.
The storyline leaps to the Yalta Conference, where Stalin and his Western Allies debate the future of the war. Stalin asks his generals who will take they or the Western Allies; the generals answer. Alexei's Guards Army advances towards Berlin, while Hitler has a nervous breakdown and demands that his soldiers fight to the end; the Germans plan to execute the inmates of the concentration camp in which Natasha is held before the arrival of the Red Army, but Alexei's unit liberates the prisoners before they carry through their design. Natasha faints, he does not find her. Hitler and the German leadership fall into despair and lose their grip on reality the closer the Soviets get to Berlin. Hitler orders to flood the subway stations as the Soviets approach, he marries Eva Braun and commits suicide. Gen. Hans Krebs begs for a ceasefire. Stalin orders to accept only an unconditional surrender. Alexei is chosen to carry the Victory Banner, alongside Meliton Kantaria, their division storms the Reichstag and the three hoist the banner atop of it.
The Germans surrender and Red Army soldiers from throughout the USSR celebrate victory. Stalin's plane lands in Berlin, he is greeted by an enthusiastic crowd of peoples of "all the nations", holding posters with his picture and waving various nations' flags. Stalin carries a speech. Standing in the crowd and Natasha recognize each other and are reunited. Natasha asks Stalin to let her kiss him on the cheek, they hug while prisoners praise Stalin in numerous languages; the film ends with Stalin wishing all happiness. Stalin's cult of personality, which began to manifest itself in the late 1930s, was marginalized during World War II; the premier's character appeared in only two pictures during the war. However, as victory seemed secure, Stalin tightened his control over every aspect of the Soviet society, including cinema. After 1945, his cult returned to the screen with greater intensity than before, he was credited as the sole architect of Germany's defeat. Denise J. Youngblood wrote that shortly afterwards, there remained only three kinds of war heroes: "the dead, the maimed and Stalin."
Mikheil Chiaureli, Stalin's favourite director, writer Pyotr Pavlenko have collaborated to create the 1946 personality cult picture The Vow. The Soviet Minister of Cinema, Ivan Bolshakov, instructed them both to begin work on The Fall of Berlin shortly after the release of The Vow in July 1946; the film was conceived as the Mosfilm studio's gift to Stalin for his official 70th birthday, to be held on 21 December 1949. The Fall was supposed to be part of a cycle of ten films about the premier's role in World War II, entitled Stalin's Ten Blows, though not corresponding with the eponymous series of Eastern Front campaigns; the project was only fulfilled until Stalin's death. As with all films in which his character made an appearance, Stalin took a keen interest in the work on The Fall of Berlin; the premier intervened in Pavlenko's writing, read the screenplay's manuscript and corrected several grammatical mistakes.
Vagankovo Cemetery
Vagankovo Cemetery, established in 1771, is located in the Presnya district of Moscow. It started in the aftermath of the Moscow plague riot of 1771 outside the city proper, so as to prevent the contagion from spreading. Half a million people are estimated to have been buried at Vagankovo throughout its history; as of 2010, the existing cemetery contains more than 100,000 graves. The vast necropolis contains the mass graves from the Battle of Borodino, the Battle of Moscow, the Khodynka Tragedy, it is the burial site for a number of people from the artistic and sports community of Russia and the old Soviet Union. During the Great Purge, alcohol-soused guards would execute weeping prisoners after they had dug their graves in the cemetery; the cemetery is served by several Orthodox churches constructed between 1819 and 1823 in the Muscovite version of the Empire style. Nadezhda Lamanova and costume designer Yavich Augustus Efimovich, journalist, Civil and WWII participant, Union of Writers USSR Aleksandr Abdulov, actor Vasily Agapkin, author of the song "Farewell of Slavianka" Boris Andreyev, actor Inga Artamonova, world speed-skating champion Grigori Chukhrai, film director Vladimir Dal, lexicographer Sergei Grinkov, world & Olympic ice skating pairs champion Leonid Kharitonov, actor Andrei Mironov.
Actor Bulat Okudzhava and singer-songwriter, writer Vasili Oshchepkov, fighter Lyudmila Pakhomova, world & Olympic ice dancing pairs champion Mikhail Pugovkin, actor Alexei Savrasov, painter Gennady Shpalikov, screenwriter David Shterenberg, artist Vitaly Solomin, actor Anatoly Solonitsyn Nikolai Starostin, footballer Vasily Surikov, painter Yevgeny Svetlanov, conductor and pianist Igor Talkov, singer-songwriter Anna Timiryova, poet Vasily Tropinin, painter Lev Vlassenko, pianist Vladimir Vysotsky, singer-songwriter, actor Vasily Yan, writer Leonid Yengibarov, mime, actor Yakov Rozval, inventor Sergei Yesenin, husband of Isadora Duncan Antonina Zubkova, WWII bomber pilot, Heroine of the Soviet Union Lev Loktev, artillery designer Media related to Vagankovo Cemetery at Wikimedia Commons
The Cossacks (1961 film)
The Cossacks is a 1961 Soviet drama film directed by Vasili Pronin. It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival, it is based on the novel of the same name. Leonid Gubanov - Dmitri Olenin Boris Andreyev - Eroshka Zinaida Kiriyenko - Maryana Eduard Bredun - Lukashka Boris Novikov - Nazarka Vera Yenyutina Konstantin Gradopolov German Kachin - Vanyusha I. Men - Ustenka Vsevolod Safonov Aleksandra Danilova Artur Nishchenkin Leonid Parkhomenko Ivan Lyubeznov Anatoli Papanov The Cossacks on IMDb
Shukur Burkhanov
Shukur Burkhanov was a Soviet theatre and cinema actor. Burkhanov grew up in Tashkent in a strict Muslim family. In order to join the Uzbek drama theatre, founded in the 1920s, he had to leave home because his family's orthodox religious beliefs forbade acting. At the time Uzbek theatre was still in its infancy. In 1930 he received training at the Moscow Art Theatre, which he credited as enabling him to play classic roles such as Romeo, Œdipus. Burkhanov was involved in Uzbek cinema from its inception; the Uzbekfilm studio typecast him as a rebel who challenged traditions. In the early 1970s he was the subject of a documentary, People's Artist Shukur Burkhanov, narrated by fellow actor Boris Andreyev. People's Artist of the USSR Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner of Labour Order of the Badge of Honour This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "The hundred roles of Shukur Burkhanov". Soviet Life. Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: 57. 1983. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
Shukur Burkhanov on IMDb
