1.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Bosque River
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The Bosque River is a 115-mile long river in Central Texas fed by four primary branches. The longest branch, the North Bosque, forms near Stephenville and it is subsequently joined by the East Bosque in Bosque County and the Middle and South Bosque Rivers near Waco. The river terminates into the Brazos River, and is dammed nearby to form Lake Waco, the Middle Bosque River adjoins the Prairie Chapel Ranch home of President George W. Bush northwest of Crawford, Texas. The city of Waco has been involved in a lawsuit with Erath County dairies since 2004. As the lake functions as the Waco areas primary source of drinking water, residents have complained for years about an unpleasant resultant taste and smell
4.
County seat
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A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
5.
Meridian, Texas
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Meridian is a city and the county seat of Bosque County in central Texas, United States. The population was 1,493 at the 2010 census, Meridian is located at 31°55′29″N 97°39′24″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.0 square miles, of which 0.015 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Meridian has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,491 people,515 households, the population density was 689.3 people per square mile. There were 600 housing units at a density of 277. 4/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 83. 43% White,5. 37% African American,0. 27% Native American,0. 07% Asian,8. 18% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 23. 00% of the population. 28. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.27. In the city, the population was out with 28. 7% under the age of 18,7. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 3% from 25 to 44,17. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males, the median income for a household in the city was $32,750, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had an income of $30,179 versus $20,227 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,258, about 10. 8% of families and 14. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 5% of those under age 18 and 27. 4% of those age 65 or over. Meridian is served by the Meridian Independent School District and is home to Meridian High School, earle Bradford Mayfield, U. S. senator from Texas from 1923 to 1929, practiced law in Meridian early in his career
6.
Clifton, Texas
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Clifton is the largest city in Bosque County, located in central Texas in the United States. The citys population was 3,442 at the 2010 census, Clifton is located at 31°46′49″N 97°34′51″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.9 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clifton has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. Clifton and Bosque County are currently listed as part of the Dallas-Fort Worth DMA, however, Bosque County is a neighboring county of the Waco metropolitan area, meaning that all of the Waco/Temple/Killeen market stations also provide coverage for Clifton and Bosque County. The Clifton Record is the local newspaper, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,542 people,1,296 households, and 864 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,852.2 people per square mile, there were 1,422 housing units at an average density of 743.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 86. 02% White,3. 36% African American,0. 34% Native American,0. 17% Asian,8. 98% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 18. 83% of the population. 31. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 20. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city, the population was out with 25. 0% under the age of 18,6. 6% from 18 to 24,22. 3% from 25 to 44,18. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 81.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,867, and the median income for a family was $41,548. Males had an income of $27,472 versus $25,154 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,823, about 9. 6% of families and 12. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 0% of those under age 18 and 20. 0% of those age 65 or over. Clifton was founded in the winter of 1852-1853, when the families of Frank Kell, Joseph A. Kemp, Samuel and Monroe Locker, the town was named Cliff Town after the surrounding limestone cliffs. Over the years the name was altered to Clifton, the site was originally on the banks of Clear Branch. The Masonic lodge hall and a log schoolhouse were the first public buildings, the post office was established in 1859. The First Presbyterian Church of Clifton was organized in 1861 and is the countys oldest church in continuous service, the Baptists built the first church building in Clifton in 1884-85
7.
2010 United States Census
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The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
8.
Texas's 25th congressional district
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Texas District 25 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that stretches from Fort Worth to Austin. The current Representative from District 25 is Roger Williams, for the 2004 elections, it had an elongated shape stretching from deep south Texas at the U. S. -Mexico border to Austin as a result of mid-decade 2003 gerrymandering of Texas congressional districts. The district was again for the 2006 elections as the result of a lawsuit. The redistricting split Travis County into five districts, four of which were heavily Republican, as a result, the only realistic place for Representative Lloyd Doggett to run was the new 35th district. There is a currently pending consolidated lawsuit against the proposed redistricting, in March 2017, a panel of federal judges ruled that the new 35th district and two others were illegally drawn with discriminatory intent. On June 28,2006, the U. S. Supreme Court declared that the Texas legislatures 2003 redistricting plan violated the Voting Rights Act in the case of District 23. Since the 25th was not compact enough to be an acceptable replacement, the size of the 23rd required the redrawing of nearly every district from El Paso to San Antonio. As a result, on August 4,2006, a three-judge panel announced replacement district boundaries for 2006 election for the 23rd district, as well as for the 15th, 21st, 25th and 28th districts. On election day in November, these five districts held open primaries, if any candidate received over 50%, otherwise, a runoff election in December decided the seat. Incumbent congressman Doggett faced Republican Grant Rostig, independent candidate Brian Parrett, and Libertarian Party Barbara Cunningham, in the 2008 election Doggett faced Republican George Morovich, a structural engineer from La Grange and Libertarian Jim Stutsman, a retired Army veteran. Doggett won with 65. 8% of the vote to Morovichs 30. 5%, Doggett won 73. 8% of the vote in his Austin-based stronghold of Travis County. Dogget faced Republican and Tea Party favorite Donna Campbell, and again held his seat, the new district boundaries were more favorable to Republicans, as had been foreseen. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
9.
Time in the United States
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The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation. The clocks run by these services are synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations. It is the combination of the zone and daylight saving rules, along with the timekeeping services. The use of solar time became increasingly awkward as railways. American railroads maintained many different time zones during the late 1800s, each train station set its own clock making it difficult to coordinate train schedules and confusing passengers. Time calculation became a problem for people travelling by train. Every city in the United States used a different time standard so there were more than 300 local sun times to choose from, Time zones were therefore a compromise, relaxing the complex geographic dependence while still allowing local time to be approximate with mean solar time. Railroad managers tried to address the problem by establishing 100 railroad time zones, operators of the new railroad lines needed a new time plan that would offer a uniform train schedule for departures and arrivals. Four standard time zones for the continental United States were introduced at noon on November 18,1883, the conference therefore established the Greenwich Meridian as the prime meridian and Greenwich Mean Time as the worlds time standard. The US time-zone system grew from this, in all zones referred back to GMT on the prime meridian. It is, within about 1 second, mean time at 0°. It does not observe daylight saving time and it is one of several closely related successors to Greenwich Mean Time. For most purposes, UTC is considered interchangeable with GMT, standard time zones in the United States are currently defined at the federal level by law 15 USC §260. The federal law establishes the transition dates and times at which daylight saving time occurs. As of August 9,2007, the time zones are defined in terms of hourly offsets from UTC. Prior to this they were based upon the solar time at several meridians 15° apart west of Greenwich. Only the full-time zone names listed below are official, abbreviations are by common use conventions, the United States uses nine standard time zones. The Central standard time zone, which comprises roughly the Gulf Coast, Mississippi Valley, the Mountain standard time zone, which comprises roughly the states that include the Rocky Mountains
10.
Central Time Zone
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The North American Central Time Zone is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, during summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time, and changes to Central Daylight Time which is five hours behind UTC. The province of Manitoba is the province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas. Also, most of the province of Saskatchewan is on Central Standard Time year-round, major exceptions include Lloydminster, a city situated on the boundary between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city charter stipulates that it shall observe Mountain Time and DST, putting the community on the time as all of Alberta, including the major cities of Calgary. As a result, during the summer, clocks in the province match those in Alberta. The Central Time Zone is the second most populous in the US after the Eastern Time Zone, lanett and Valley observe Eastern Time historically because they were textile mill towns and the original home office of their mills was in West Point, Georgia. Some eastern counties observe Central Time because they are close to the border of the Middle Tennessee counties surrounding the Nashville metropolitan area. Louisiana Michigan, All of Michigan observes Eastern Time except the four Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin, other westernmost counties from this area such as Ontonagon observe Eastern Time. South Dakota, Eastern half as divided by the Missouri river adjacent to the state capital, note, the metropolitan area of Pierre is Central, including Fort Pierre. Wisconsin Most of Mexico—roughly the eastern three-fourths—lies in the Central Time Zone, except for six northwestern states, the federal entities of Mexico that observe Central Time, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua all use Central Standard Time year-round. The Galápagos Islands in Ecuador uses Central Standard Time all year-round, Daylight saving time is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time and is UTC−5, in Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a change is that, geographically. The province elected to move onto permanent daylight saving by being part of the Central Time Zone, Mexico decided not to go along with this change and observes their horario de verano from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U. S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010
11.
Coordinated Universal Time
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Coordinated Universal Time, abbreviated to UTC, is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is within about 1 second of mean time at 0° longitude. It is one of closely related successors to Greenwich Mean Time. For most purposes, UTC is considered interchangeable with GMT, the first Coordinated Universal Time was informally adopted on 1 January 1960. This change also adopted leap seconds to simplify future adjustments, a number of proposals have been made to replace UTC with a new system that would eliminate leap seconds, but no consensus has yet been reached. Leap seconds are inserted as necessary to keep UTC within 0.9 seconds of universal time, see the Current number of leap seconds section for the number of leap seconds inserted to date. The official abbreviation for Coordinated Universal Time is UTC and this abbreviation arose from a desire by the International Telecommunication Union and the International Astronomical Union to use the same abbreviation in all languages. English speakers originally proposed CUT, while French speakers proposed TUC, the compromise that emerged was UTC, which conforms to the pattern for the abbreviations of the variants of Universal Time. Time zones around the world are expressed using positive or negative offsets from UTC, the westernmost time zone uses UTC−12, being twelve hours behind UTC, the easternmost time zone, theoretically, uses UTC+12, being twelve hours ahead of UTC. In 1995, the nation of Kiribati moved those of its atolls in the Line Islands from UTC-10 to UTC+14 so that the country would all be on the same day. UTC is used in internet and World Wide Web standards. The Network Time Protocol, designed to synchronise the clocks of computers over the internet, computer servers, online services and other entities that rely on having a universally accepted time use UTC as it is more specific than GMT. If only limited precision is needed, clients can obtain the current UTC from a number of official internet UTC servers, for sub-microsecond precision, clients can obtain the time from satellite signals. UTC is also the standard used in aviation, e. g. for flight plans. Weather forecasts and maps all use UTC to avoid confusion about time zones, the International Space Station also uses UTC as a time standard. Amateur radio operators often schedule their radio contacts in UTC, because transmissions on some frequencies can be picked up by many time zones, UTC is also used in digital tachographs used on large goods vehicles under EU and AETR rules. UTC divides time into days, hours, minutes and seconds, days are conventionally identified using the Gregorian calendar, but Julian day numbers can also be used. Each day contains 24 hours and each hour contains 60 minutes, the number of seconds in a minute is usually 60, but with an occasional leap second, it may be 61 or 59 instead
12.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
13.
County (United States)
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In the United States, an administrative or political sub-division of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The term county is used in 48 U. S. states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called parishes, most counties have subdivisions which may include municipalities and unincorporated areas. Others have no divisions, or may serve as a singular consolidated city-county. Some municipalities are in multiple counties, New York City is uniquely partitioned into multiple counties/boroughs, the U. S. federal government uses the term county equivalent to describe non-county administrative or statistical areas that are comparable to counties. Alaskas Unorganized Borough is divided into 11 census areas that are equivalent to counties. As of 2013, the United States has 3,007 counties and 137 county equivalents for a total of 3,144 counties, the number of counties per state ranges from the 3 counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. Counties have significant governmental functions in all states except Rhode Island and Connecticut, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has removed most government functions from eight of its 14 counties. The county with the largest population, Los Angeles County, counties were among the earliest units of local government established in the Thirteen Colonies that would become the United States. Virginia created the first counties in order to ease the workload in Jamestown. Americas oldest intact county court records can be found at Eastville, Virginia, in Northampton County, maryland established its first county, St. Marys, in 1637, and Massachusetts followed in 1643. When independence came, the framers of the Constitution did not provide for local governments, rather, they left the matter to the states. Subsequently, early state constitutions generally conceptualized county government as an arm of the state, in some states, these powers are partly or mostly devolved to the counties smaller divisions usually called townships, though in New York, New England and Wisconsin they are called towns. The county may or may not be able to override its townships on certain matters, the newest county in the United States is the city and county of Broomfield, Colorado, established in 2001 as a consolidated city-county. The newest county-equivalents are the Alaskan boroughs of Skagway established in 2007, Wrangell established in 2008, there are 40 consolidated city-counties in the U. S. Similarly, some of Alaskas boroughs have merged with their principal cities creating unified city-boroughs. Some such consolidations and mergers have created cities that rank among the geographically largest cities in the world, see also, #County names, regarding Louisiana. Independent cities, These are cities that legally belong to no county, Washington, D. C. outside the jurisdiction of any state, has a special status. The city of Washington comprises the entirety of the District of Columbia, when founded in 1801, the District consisted of two counties and three cities. In 1846, Alexandria County – including the then–City of Alexandria – was given back to Virginia, in 1871, the three remaining entities – the City of Washington, Georgetown City, and Washington County – were merged into a consolidated government by an act of Congress
14.
Edwards Plateau
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San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The eastern portion of the plateau is known as the Texas Hill Country, the landscape of the plateau is mostly savanna scattered with trees. It mostly lacks deep soil suitable for farming, though the soil is fertile mollisols and some cotton, grain sorghum, for the most part, though, the thin soil and rough terrain areas are primarily grazing regions, with cattle, sheep and Angora goats predominant. The area is drained, rainwater flows into the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone at the south of the plateau to feed rivers to the south. Rainfall varies from 15 to 33 inches per year, on average, from northwest to southeast, and the area has a moderate temperature and a reasonably long growing season. Flora Trees of the include a juniper-oak mix and a mesquite-acacia mix scattered over fairly short grasses. Some pecan trees are found near the springs and rivers, the Balcones Fault is associated with the Edwards Plateau formation. This fault line is a demarcation for the range definition of a number of species. Fauna Caves of the Edwards Plateau are important habitats for a deal of wildlife. The area is home to some of the largest colonies of bats in the world, there are also large numbers of reptiles and birds, including breeding populations of the Texan endemic golden-cheeked warbler. Further alteration to the savanna has incurred though the encroachment of shrubs now that grassland fires are carefully controlled, small areas of intact habitat remain, particularly around Austin, where areas are protected, such as the Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge. Another important area for wildlife is Fort Hood military base, earliest human settlement of this area was by Native Americans. First it was used and wandered about by Jumano and Coahuiltecan groups, then the Apacheria extended into the Southern Plains by the forerunners of the Lipan and Mescalero Apaches. After the expulsion of the Apachean groups from the Plains by the Comanche, Texas Hill Country Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge Colorado River Mount Bonnell List of ecoregions in the United States Johnson, E. H. Edwards Plateau. Texas counties map showing the ecoregion
15.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
16.
Lake Whitney (Texas)
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Lake Whitney is a flood control reservoir on the main stem of the Brazos River in Texas. It is located on River Mile Marker 442 and controls drainage for 17,656 square miles of Texas, the reservoir encompasses a surface area of more than 23,500 acres and 225 miles of shoreline. The area consists of rolling, tallgrass prairies, cedar trees, hardwood timber, Lake Whitney is also part of the Texas Lakes Trail Region of North Texas. Whitney Dam is a dam,166 feet high, owned and operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1900s, Texas experienced a number of devastating floods in the early 1900s resulting in death, 1930s, United States government began approving and authorizing the building of dams along Texas rivers with the intention to absorb these floodwaters. 1940s, The plan to create the Whitney Reservoir on the Brazos River for flood control and other purposes, the dam construction started in 1947 and lasted four years. 1950s, In 1951, the lake was impounded, the dams power plant was under construction from 1951 to 1953. Present, The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers continues to operate several flood control reservoirs within the Brazos River basin, the most popular activities at the lake include fishing, boating, sailing, jet skiing, wakeboarding, water skiing, hunting, and golf. The area was designated as the Getaway Capital of Texas by the Texas Legislature in 2005, in 2011, this designation was reconfirmed by the Regular Session of the 82nd Legislature in House Concurrent Resolution No.83. Whitney Dam and Reservoir from the Handbook of Texas Online U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Lake Whitney History of Whitney Lake
17.
Texas House of Representatives
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The Texas House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature. It consists of 150 members who are elected from districts for a term of 2 years. As of the 2010 Census, each represents a average of 167,637 people. There are no limits, with the most senior member, Tom Craddick. The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin, the Speaker of the House is the presiding officer and highest-ranking member of the House. The Speaker pro tempore is primarily a position, but does, by long-standing tradition, preside over the House during its consideration of local. Unlike other state legislatures, the House rules do not formally recognize majority or minority leaders, the unofficial leaders are the Republican Caucus Chairman and the Democratic House Leader, both of whom are elected by their respective caucuses. †Representative was first elected in a special election, eligio De La Garza, II, first Mexican-American to represent his region in the US House and the second Mexican-American from Texas to be elected to Congress. Ray Barnhart, Federal Highway Administrator Anita Lee Blair, first blind woman elected to a state legislature Jack Brooks, Representative and House Majority Leader John Nance Garner, U. S. Representative, Speaker of the House, and Vice President of the United States O. H. Ike Harris, Dallas County representative from 1963–1965, state senator Sarah T, charles Henry Nimitz Born in Bremen. In 1852, built the Nimitz Hotel in Fredericksburg, which now houses the National Museum of the Pacific War, grandfather of United States Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. Elected to the Texas Legislature 1890, rick Perry, longest serving Governor of Texas, Colonel Alfred P. C. Petsch Lawyer, legislator, civic leader, and philanthropist, veteran of both World War I and World War II. Representative and longest served Speaker of the House Coke R. Stevenson, Governor of Texas Sarah Weddington, weinert, coauthored bill to establish the Pasteur Institute of Texas, authored resolution for humane treatment of state convicts, coauthored the indeterminate sentence and parole law. The Chief Clerk is the custodian of all legal documents within House. When there is an update of the electronic source website. The report noted how representatives register votes for absent members on the Houses automated voting machines, each representative would vote for the nearest absent members. This practice was in violation of a Rule of the House, however
18.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
19.
DeWayne Burns
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DeWayne Christopher Burns is a property investment manager and rancher from Cleburne, Texas, who is a member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 58 in Johnson and Bosque counties. Reared on a farm in southwestern Johnson County near the Brazos River. Though he initially attended Texas A&M University in College Station, he transferred to Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Burns and his wife, the former Jennifer D. Ormsby, wed in 1995. They are members of the First Baptist Church of Cleburne, rick Perry, then the elected Texas Agriculture Commissioner, added Burns to his staff. He was promoted to the position of coordinator for special issues in the departments Intergovernmental Affairs Division, Burns was a department inspector with duties over crop and seed certification, weights and measures compliance, and enforcement of pest and plant quarantine laws. These duties encompassed a ten-county jurisdiction, including Johnson and Bosque counties, prior to joining the legislature, Burns was vice president of the trustees of the Cleburne Independent School District. His family cattle ranch, which he still maintains in addition to his investment business, is located southwest of Cleburne and he is a former president of the Farm Bureau of Johnson County, a fire commissioner, and a member of the Johnson County Economic Development Commission. Burns finished in place with 4,117. Two other candidates, Henry Walter Teich of Cresson, and Curtis Lyndon Laird of Cleburne, held the remaining, with Orrs endorsement, Burns then defeated Eby in the May 27 runoff election,5,142 to 4,485. In the general election on November 4,2014, Burns prevailed in the heavily Republican district over the Democrat Greg Allen Kauffman of Crowley,26,866 to 6,532
20.
Burleson, Texas
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Burleson is a city in Johnson and Tarrant counties in the U. S. state of Texas. It is also a suburb of Fort Worth, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, known as the Katy, decided to extend its service from Denison to Waco. In 1881 the segment from Fort Worth to Alvarado was being out. Grenville M. Dodge, representing the railroad, purchased land for the depot, Renfro at the site of what is now called Old Town Burleson. As part of the agreement, Renfro named the town Burleson, in honor of his teacher Rufus Columbus Burleson, the first lot was sold on October 10,1881, the date now considered to be the founding day of the city. The Burleson Post Office opened in 1882, inside a retail establishment, on February 20,1895, a fire burned down most of the business district, along with several homes. One of the Katy workers, J. C, jones, had stayed in Burleson and opened a water works for the town, drilling a deep well that provided dozens of hydrants for the residents, but they were not sufficient for extinguishing the fire. By the end of the 1800s, Burleson was a rural town, with farms all around, schools, a grocery store, cotton gins and grist mills, a general store, a druggist. In 1899, a group of nine women formed a society for cultural advancement, the women acquired books, loaned them, and held readings, discussions, and music recitals. The Eumathian Club celebrated its centennial in 1999, has many accomplishments in its history. 1900 saw the retirement of John W. Taylor, a farmer who retired to a Burleson house said to be equipped with the towns first in-home bathtub. In 1909 the Texas Legislature passed a bill forming the Burleson Independent School District, in 1911 the Northern Texas Traction Company decided to install an interurban line between Fort Worth and Cleburne, with Burleson as one stop along the way. Construction began in 1912, and the first day of service was September 1,1912, two freight runs per day were made as well. The interurban line provided for the first time two very important things to Burleson, easy access to Fort Worth and Cleburne, and electricity. The interurban station was operated out of a drugstore, whose proprietor became ticket master, the old drugstore/station still exists, as the Burleson Heritage Museum at the Burleson Visitors Center, as well as two of the interurban cars from that era. An election was held, the petition passed, and the county judge ordered it so on May 21,1912, the 1920 census shows the population of Burleson to be 241. In 1930 the population was 591, due to the increasing popularity of automobiles, combined with the Great Depression, the interurban line between Fort Worth, through Burleson, to Cleburne closed in 1931. In 1940 the population decreased to 573, as people had left Burleson during the Great Depression to find jobs wherever they could, the community has gradually depended less on agriculture as the decades passed
21.
United States Census Bureau
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The United States Census Bureau is a principal agency of the U. S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureaus primary mission is conducting the U. S. Census every ten years, in addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U. S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey, furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureaus various censuses and surveys help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, the Census Bureau is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau now conducts a population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections, the Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations, the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureaus legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code, the Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as surveys and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys of manufacturing, retail, service. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts, the Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals, in 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their role in the department. An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years, in 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census. In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code, by law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U. S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau regions are widely used. for data collection, the Census Bureau definition is pervasive. Title 13 of the U. S. Code establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information, all Census employees must sign an affidavit of non-disclosure prior to employment. The Bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone including United States or foreign government, only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public
22.
Texas State Highway 6
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State Highway 6 runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma boundary, to northwest of Galveston, where it is known as the Old Galveston Highway. In Sugar Land and Missouri City, it is known as Alvin-Sugarland Road, in the Houston area, it runs north to FM1960, then northwest along US Highway 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the Bryan–College Station area, it is known as the Earl Rudder Freeway, in Hearne, it is known as Market Street. In Calvert, it is known as Main Street, for most of its length, SH6 is not a limited-access road. In 1997, the Texas Legislature designated SH6 as the Texas Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, State Highway 6 was one of the original 26 state highways proposed in 1917, overlying the King of Trails Highway. From 1919, the routing mostly followed present-day U. S. Highway 75 from Oklahoma to Dallas, in 1926, SH6 was extended along the eastern Gulf Division branch of State Highway 2 to keep SH2 from having two separate highways with the same number. US75 and US77 were overlaid on northern SH6 from Waco northward through the Dallas area to Denison, while the routes were marked concurrently, the concurrent SH6 kept its numbering until 1939, when SH6 was truncated to the Gulf Division routing ending at Waco. It was rerouted south from Hempstead to Galveston, replacing SH38 from Sugar Land to Galveston, in 1945, the roadway was extended northwest to Breckenridge over SH67, continuing northwest to near Throckmorton along SH157, which was decommissioned. Also in 1945, the section in southeast Texas between Hempstead and Sugar Land was cancelled for reasons, and transferred to Farm to Market Road 359. In 1952, the route was truncated on the north side and this section was transferred to U. S. Highway 183. That portion of FM1960 from 290 to then Highway 90 at Addicks was built in the 1950s, in the early 1970s, the northern section underwent a massive rerouting due to realignments of numerous U. S. and state routes. In 1971, the section from Breckenridge south to Eastland was redesignated as State Highway 69 and it was instead rerouted west along U. S. Highway 80 to Cisco, then replaced U. S. Highway 380 northwest to near Old Glory. The route was extended in 1975, replacing State Highway 283 between Old Glory and Stamford northward to the Texas/Oklahoma border, completing the current routing of SH6. A spur, SH 6A went from SH6 to Texas City, by 1931, this route was renumbered as State Highway 146. In June 2016, a section of the highway in Eastland County between Cisco and Albany was destroyed due to major flooding, SH6 has three business routes. Business State Highway 6-N is a loop that runs from SH6 near Marlin in central Texas. The road was bypassed in 1978 by SH6 and designated Loop 23, the road was redesignated as Business SH 6-N in 1991. Business State Highway 6-R is a loop that runs through Bryan
23.
Texas State Highway 22
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State Highway 22, or SH22, runs from Corsicana to Hamilton in north central Texas. SH22 was one of the 26 original state highways proposed in 1917, by 1919, plans had been extended from Comanche eastward to Nacogdoches. By 1922, SH22 was shortened to end in Rusk, construction was slow, and by 1926, most of the section from Wichita Falls to Comanche had been reassigned to SH79 and SH67, while SH22 ran from Comanche to Corsicana. By 1931, SH22 extended east to Timpson, the portion from Hamilton to Comanche was transferred to SH36
24.
Texas State Highway 144
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Texas State Highway 144 is a state highway that runs from Meridian to Granbury in central Texas. SH144 begins at an intersection with SH22 in Meridian, the route travels northwest to Walnut Springs before turning in a more northerly direction. It enters Glen Rose, where it has a concurrency with US67. After separating from US67, the highway resumes its journey to Granbury. The SH144 designation ends at an intersection with Bus, SH144 was designated by 1931 from Glen Rose to Meridian, with the extension north to Granbury designated by 1935. An alignment of the route in Glen Rose was previously designated Spur 216 before being combined with SH144 in 1949
25.
Texas State Highway 174
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State Highway 174 is a state highway in Texas that connects Meridian and Burleson. SH174 begins in Bosque County at an intersection with SH22 in Meridian, the route travels northward out of the city and through Morgan. It briefly enters Hill County, passing to the north of Lake Whitney, heading north into Cleburne, SH174 has concurrencies with SH171 and FM4 through the citys downtown, where the routes cross Bus. After separating from SH171 and FM4, SH174 has an interchange with the US67 expressway before heading out of the city. The route passes through Joshua and curves to the northeast into Burleson, the original routing of SH174 ran from Iredell to Walnut Springs. By 1936, it extended to Cleburne, in 1939 it extended to the former US81 near Burleson
26.
Somervell County, Texas
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Somervell County is a county on the Edwards Plateau in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 8,490 and its county seat is Glen Rose. The county is named for Alexander Somervell, Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas, Somervell County is included in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Granbury Micropolitan Area. The county contains the Comanche Peak Nuclear Generating Station, one of two power plants in Texas. Caddo tribe Anadarko villages were scattered along Trinity and Brazos Rivers, the Caddo tribe of Wichita also inhabited the area. The Anadarko became entangled with the French battles with the Spanish and later the Anglos and suffered the consequences, by 1860, these tribes moved to Oklahoma. The Tonkawa were hunter-gatherers of the area, and often traded with their allies the Caddo, like the Wichita, Karankawa and Jumano, the Tonkawa tattooed their bodies and faces. Friendly with the settlers, Tonkawa were employed as scouts for the Texas Rangers. The county was formed and organized in 1875 from Hood County, the town of Glen Rose became the county seat. Torrey Trading Houses opened as a part of the Sam Houston peace policy to develop relationships with native tribes. They bought from, and sold to, the Indians on a banking and credit system, enabling them to recover stolen horses. The Torreys sold their business to George Barnard in 1848, who with his brother Charles moved the Tehuacana store in Limestone County to near Comanche Peak, Juana Josefina Cavazos had been captured by Comanches as a teenager. She was daughter of Maria Josefa Cavazos, and granddaughter of Don José Narciso Cavazos Gonzalez-Hildago who in 1792 received the largest land grant in Texas, George ransomed Juana from the tribe, but it was brother Charles who married her in 1848. Somervell County got its first courthouse in Glen Rose in 1882, the second and current courthouse was built in 1894 by architect John McCormick. The roof and clock tower were damaged in the 1902 Glen Rose tornado, County funds at the time limited the repair, which eliminated the clock tower. In 1986, work was done to restore the structure to its original design, Glen Rose Collegiate Institute, AKA Glen Rose College, operated as a private faith-based educational facility from 1889 to 1910. Educational competition from the school system caused enrollment to taper off until the institution was shut down. Under the New Deal Works Progress Administration, Glen Rose built a new water and sewage system in the 1930s, as well as buildings, a canning plant
27.
Johnson County, Texas
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Johnson County is a county located in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 150,934, Johnson County is named for Middleton Johnson, a Texas Ranger, soldier, and politician. Johnson County is included in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area, the first settler of Johnson county was Henry Briden, who built a log cabin on the Nolan River. His log cabin still exists, and it can be seen along State Highway 174 in Rio Vista, the first county seat was Wardville, located under the waters of the present Lake Pat Cleburne. In 1856 Buchanan became the county seat, Johnson County was divided in 1867, the western half becoming Hood County. Camp Henderson became the new county seat and was renamed Cleburne in honor of Confederate General Patrick Cleburne. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 734 square miles. The population density was 174 people per square mile, there were 46,269 housing units at an average density of 63 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 90. 01% White,2. 50% Black or African American,0. 64% Native American,0. 52% Asian,0. 18% Pacific Islander,4. 52% from other races, and 1. 63% from two or more races. 12. 12% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,17. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the family size was 3.20. As of the 2010 census, there were about 3.6 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county. In the county, the population was out with 28. 80% under the age of 18,8. 80% from 18 to 24,30. 20% from 25 to 44,22. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 99.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $44,621, and the median income for a family was $49,963. Males had an income of $36,718 versus $25,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,400, about 6. 90% of families and 8. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. 60% of those under age 18 and 10. 90% of those age 65 or over. Southwestern Adventist University, a liberal arts university in Keene, is currently the only four-year institution of higher learning in Johnson County
28.
Hill County, Texas
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Hill County is a county located in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,089, the county is named for George Washington Hill, secretary of war and secretary of the navy under the Republic of Texas. Hill County is part of Central Texas, though not included in Texas Hill Country, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 986 square miles, of which 959 square miles is land and 27 square miles is water. The population density was 34 people per square mile, there were 14,624 housing units at an average density of 15 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 84. 16% White,7. 40% Black or African American,0. 44% Native American,0. 25% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,6. 02% from other races, and 1. 71% from two or more races. 13. 49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the family size was 3.07. A Williams Institute analysis of 2010 census data there were about 3.2 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county. In the county, the population was out with 25. 90% under the age of 18,8. 50% from 18 to 24,24. 90% from 25 to 44,23. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 96.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,600, and the median income for a family was $37,791. Males had an income of $29,438 versus $20,765 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,514, about 11. 90% of families and 15. 70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 70% of those under age 18 and 14. 60% of those age 65 or over. Serving Hill County exclusively are media outlets KHBR Radio -1560 AM as well as THE REPORTER Newspaper, Hill County is currently listed as part of the Dallas-Fort Worth DMA. Local media outlets include, KDFW-TV, KXAS-TV, WFAA-TV, KTVT-TV, KERA-TV, KTXA-TV, KDFI-TV, KDAF-TV, although located in Central Texas and a neighboring county of the Waco metropolitan area. Meaning all of the Waco/Temple/Killeen market stations also provide coverage for Hill County and they include, KCEN-TV, KWTX-TV, KXXV-TV, KDYW, and KWKT-TV. Northland Cable Television continues to all of the above stations in Hillsboro. Birome Brandon Irene Peoria National Register of Historic Places listings in Hill County, Texas Hill County governments website Hill County from the Handbook of Texas Online
29.
McLennan County, Texas
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McLennan County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 234,906, the U. S. census 2016 county population estimate is 247,934. The county is named for Neil McLennan, an early settler, McLennan County is included in the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area. McLennan County was created by the Texas Legislature in 1850 out of Milam County, the county seat, Waco, had been founded as an outpost of the Texas Rangers, laid out by George B. Erath, and was known by 1850 as Waco Village, according to local lore, the first sustained flight did not occur in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, but just outside Tokio by a man flying a gyrocopter. During World War I, McLennan County was home to at least one military airfield, in the aftermath of World War I, racial violence disrupted county life, culminating in two major Ku Klux Klan marches and the public lynching of numerous Black citizens. McLennan Countys contributions to World War II include the reopening of Rich Field, Doris Miller, in 1886, Baylor University relocated from Independence, Texas, to Waco and absorbed Waco University. In the 1960s, the Texas Legislature created the first community college to use words in the name. Around the same time, what is now the institution of Texas State Technical College was founded as James Connally Technical Institute. Crush, Texas, was a town in McLennan County. It was established to stage a publicity stunt concocted by William George Crush, the stunt involved the collision of two 35-ton steam locomotives in front of spectators whom the railway transported to the event for $2 each. After heavy promotion, on September 15,1896, the event was delayed by several hours as the police maneuvered the crowd of over 40,000 back to what was thought to be a safe distance. The crews of the two tied the throttles open and jumped off. The two engines, pulling wagons filled with railroad ties, traveled a 4-mile track and thunderously crashed into each other at a speed of up to 120 mph. The boilers exploded and sent steam and flying debris into the crowd, three people were killed and about six were injured, including event photographer Jarvis Joe Deane, who lost an eye because of a flying bolt. Ragtime composer Scott Joplin commemorated the event with The Great Crush Collision March, Texas composer and singer Brian Burns wrote and recorded a song about the collision, The Crash at Crush, in 2001. In May 17,2015, motorcycle clubs gathered at the Twin Peaks Restaurant in Waco for a Confederation of Clubs meeting. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,060 square miles
30.
Coryell County, Texas
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Coryell County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 75,388, the county is named for James Coryell, a frontiersman and Texas Ranger who was killed by Comanche Indians while protecting settlers. Coryell County is part of the Killeen–Temple, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area, the habitation of Coryell County dates as far back as 4500 BC. The Tonkawa, Lipan Apache, Kiowa and Comanche were among the tribes who migrated through the area at various periods. When the General Colonization Law went into effect in 1824, followed by the 1825 State Colonization Law of Coahuila y Tejas, the grant went through several legal challenges, and later became Robertsons Colony, named for Sterling C. Robertson. The grant encompassed all or parts of thirty present-day Texas counties Settlers began moving into the area after Fort Gates was established at Gatesville, the Texas state legislature created the county in 1854, naming it after James Coryell. Originally Coryell was to be named Pierce County but was changed to Coryell after James Coryells death. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,057 square miles. Interstate 14 U. S. Highway 84 U. S. Highway 190 U. S, the population density was 71 people per square mile. There were 21,776 housing units at a density of 21 per square mile. 12. 57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,16. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the family size was 3.27. In the county, the population was out with 26. 20% under the age of 18,17. 90% from 18 to 24,36. 30% from 25 to 44,13. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 28 years, for every 100 females there were 105.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,999, and the median income for a family was $38,307. Males had an income of $24,236 versus $21,186 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,410, about 7. 80% of families and 9. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 30% of those under age 18 and 9. 00% of those age 65 or over. The Christina Crain Unit prison, the Hilltop Unit prison, the Dr. Lane Murray Unit prison, in addition the Mountain View Unit, a prison with the State of Texas female death row, is in Gatesville
31.
Hamilton County, Texas
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Hamilton County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 8,517, the county was created in 1858. It is named for James Hamilton Jr. a former governor of South Carolina who gave aid to the Republic of Texas. Indigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the area, later Indian tribes settled in the area, including Tawakoni, Tonkawa, Waco and Comanche. In 1821, shortly after Mexico claimed its independence from Spain, Anglo settlers from the North came to Texas, following Texass independence from Mexico and its annexation by the United States, Robert Carter and family became the first permanent white settlers in the county in 1854. The next year, settlers James Rice, Henry Standefer, Frederic Bookerman, William Beauchamp, Asa Langford began Langfords Cove, which later grows into present-day Evant. In 1858 the Sixth Texas Legislature formed Hamilton County, named after James Hamilton Jr. from parts of Comanche, Bosque, in 1858, Hamilton was named the county seat. Despite growing white settlements in Texas, Indian tribal presences remained, in 1867, Comanche raiders attacked a school where Ann Whitney was the teacher. She helped students escape before succumbing to 18 Comanche arrows. In 1882, the Hico community initiated the annual Hico Old Settlers Reunion, by 1900, cotton cultivation had spread to almost 47,500 acres of county land. By 1907, the Stephenville North and South Texas Railway had connected Hamilton with Stephenville, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas connected Hamilton with Gatesville and Comanche in 1911. In 1934, the Civil Works Administrations payroll included 747 Hamilton County men, in 1950, Ollie P. Roberts, a resident of Hico during the late 1940s, claimed to have been the outlaw Billy The Kid. The assertion is based on a legend that Patrick F. Garrett helped Billy fake his own death, Hico Chamber of Commerce responded by opening a Billy The Kid Museum. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 836 square miles. The population density was 10 people per square mile, there were 4,455 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 93. 81% White,0. 15% Black or African American,0. 44% Native American,0. 15% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,4. 36% from other races, and 1. 05% from two or more races. 7. 41% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,28. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the family size was 2.89
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Erath County, Texas
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Erath County is a county located in the U. S. state of Texas. At the 2010 census, its population was 37,890, the county is named for George Bernard Erath, an early surveyor and a soldier at the Battle of San Jacinto. Erath County is included in the Stephenville, Texas, Micropolitan Statistical Area, Erath County is the location of two of North Americas largest renewable natural gas plants. The largest is at Huckabay Ridge, near Stephenville, the second largest is located outside of Dublin at Rio Leche Estates. On November 4,2008, Erath County voters elected to allow the sale of beer, caddo tribe Anadarko villages were scattered along Trinity and Brazos Rivers. French explorer Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe developed camaraderie among the Anadarko in 1719 when he established Fort Saint Louis de los Cadodaquious. The Anadarko became entangled with the French battles with the Spanish and later the Anglos and suffered the consequences, by 1860, these tribes moved to Oklahoma. Erath County falls into Comancheria and found itself raided by Comanches until their removal to Oklahoma after 1875, Erath County was formed from Bosque and Coryell counties in 1856 and named for George Bernard Erath, one of the original surveyors of the area. In 1856, John M. Stephen offered to land for a townsite which was named Stephenville after him. A. H. Dobkins founded the community of Dublin in 1854, other early settlers in Dublin were Will and Tom Holland. Dublin later became famous as the boyhood home of the PGA, U. S. Open. In 1855, thirty pioneers settled in the county, led by the surveyors George Erath, included in the group were brothers William F. and John M. Stephen, and a black family whose name and destiny seems to have been lost to history. As a Freemason, he was a member and secretary of Bosque Lodge #92, from 1852 to 1855 which changed its name to Waco #92 in 1857 and remains the oldest continuous organization in Waco. Cotton became the crop between 1875 and 1915, with the largest crop being in 1906. The industry was helped in 1879 when the Texas Central Railroad reached Dublin and this opened eastern markets for the countys cotton crops. By 1910, soil erosion and the boll weevil caused diversity planning that led to dairy farms, fruit orchards, nurseries, peanuts, feed crops, the community of Thurber was created by the Johnson Coal Company. From 1888 to 1921, the Texas Pacific Coal Company mined coal near Thurber, fifty-two percent of the miners were of Italian ancestry, creating the Italian Hill community just outside Thurber. The United Mine Workers in 1903 sent Joe Fenoglio to organize the Italian workers, in the 1970s, the area began bituminous coal production for fuel in the cement industry
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1860 United States Census
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The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States starting June 1,1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321, the total population included 3,953,761 slaves, representing 12. 6% of the total population. By the time the 1860 census returns were ready for tabulation, as a result, Census Superintendent Joseph C. G. Kennedy and his staff produced only an abbreviated set of public reports, without graphic or cartographic representations. The statistics did allow the Census staff to produce a display, including preparing maps of Southern states. These maps displayed militarily vital topics, including population, slave population, predominant agricultural products. The 1860 census Schedule 1 was one of two schedules that counted the population of the United States, the other was Schedule 2, aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. National data reveals that farmers made up nearly 10% of utilized occupations, farm laborers represent the next highest percent with 3. 2%, followed by general laborers at 3. 0%. More localized data shows that other occupations were common, in the town of Essex, Massachusetts, a large section of the women in the labor force were devoted to shoe-binding, while for men the common occupations were farming and shoe-making. IPUMS data also notes that the share of the population that had enrolled in school or marked as Student stood at 0. 2%. The census of 1860 was the last in which much of Southern wealth was held as slaves—still legally considered property, G. G. Kennedy U. S. Federal Cens us Mortality Schedules 1850-1880 Adam Goodheart, The Census of Doom, NY Times
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1890 United States Census
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The Eleventh United States Census was taken beginning June 2,1890. The data was tabulated by machine for the first time, the data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier. Data was entered on a machine readable medium, punched cards, the total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing. The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was believed that the right answer was at least 75,000,000. The United States census of 1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in America, down from 400,764 Native Americans identified in the census of 1850. The 1890 census announced that the region of the United States no longer existed. Up to and including the 1880 census, the country had a frontier of settlement, by 1890, isolated bodies of settlement had broken into the unsettled area to the extent that there was hardly a frontier line. This prompted Frederick Jackson Turner to develop his Frontier Thesis, the original data for the 1890 Census is no longer available. Almost all the schedules were damaged in a fire in the basement of the Commerce Building in Washington. Some 25% of the materials were presumed destroyed and another 50% damaged by smoke, the damage to the records led to an outcry for a permanent National Archives. The Librarian was asked by the Bureau to identify any records which should be retained for historical purposes, congress authorized destruction of that list of records on February 21,1933, and the surviving original 1890 census records were destroyed by government order by 1934 or 1935. The other censuses for which information has been lost are the 1800 and 1810 enumerations. Mayo-Smith, Richmond, The Eleventh Census of the United States
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1910 United States Census
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The 1910 Census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation. The column titles in the form are as follows, LOCATION. Number of dwelling house in order of visitation, Number of family in order of visitation. NAME of each person whose place of abode on April 15,1910, was in this family, enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any. Include every person living on April 15,1910, omit children born since April 15,1910. Relationship of this person to the head of the family, whether single, married, widowed, or divorced. Number of years of present marriage, Mother of how many children, Number born. Mother of how children, Number now living. Place of birth of each person and parents of each person enumerated, if born in the United States, give the state or territory. If of foreign birth, give the country, place of birth of this Person. Place of birth of Father of this person, place of birth of Mother of this person. Year of immigration to the United States, whether able to speak English, or, if not, give language spoken. Trade or profession of, or particular kind of work done by person, as spinner, salesman, laborer. General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which this works, as cotton mill, dry goods store, farm. Whether as employer, employee, or work on own account, whether out of work on April 15,1910. Number of weeks out of work during year 1909, attended school any time since September 1,1909. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy, special Notation, In 1912, New Mexico and Arizona would become the 47th and 48th states admitted to the Union. The 1910 population count for each of these areas was 327,301 and 204,354 respectively
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1920 United States Census
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In 1929, Congress passed the Reapportionment Act of 1929 which provided for a permanent method of reapportionment and fixed the number of Representatives at 435. The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s, the microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the census online. Microdata from the 1920 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files,1921 U. S Census Report Contains 1920 Census results Historic US Census data 1920 Census,1920 United States Census for Genealogy & Family History Research 1920 Census
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1930 United States Census
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The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in 1949, after which the original sheets were destroyed. The microfilmed census is located on 2,667 rolls of microfilm, several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, and digital indices. Microdata from the 1930 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System
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1940 United States Census
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The census date of record was April 1,1940. A number of new questions were asked including where people were 5 years before, highest educational grade achieved and this census introduced sampling techniques, one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form. Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939, the 1940 census collected the following information, In addition, a sample of individuals were asked additional questions covering age at first marriage, fertility, and other topics. Full documentation on the 1940 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Following completion of the census, the original sheets were microfilmed. As required by Title 13 of the U. S. Code, non-personally identifiable information Microdata from the 1940 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Also, aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, on April 2, 2012—72 years after the census was taken—microfilmed images of the 1940 census enumeration sheets were released to the public by the National Archives and Records Administration. The records are indexed only by enumeration district upon initial release, several organizations are compiling indices, why the huge interest in the 1940 Census. 1940 Census Questions Hosted at CensusFinder. com
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1950 United States Census
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Full documentation on the 1950 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 1950 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2022. Historic US Census data 1951 U. S Census Report Contains 1950 Census results
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1970 United States Census
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Microdata from the 1970 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files and these data were originally created and disseminated by DUALabs. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2042, california took over as the most populous state, New York had previously been ranked number one. While the entire country increased to more than 204 million persons, four states lost population with West Virginia leading the list, down 8, historic US Census data 1971 U. S Census Report, with estimated 1970 Census results 1970 Census of Population
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1980 United States Census
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Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1980 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1980 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 1980 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2052. Between the 1980 census and the 1990 census, the United States population increased by approximately 22,164,837 or 9. 8%, historic US Census data 1981 U. S Census Report Contains 1980 Census results
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1990 United States Census
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Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1990 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. It was the first census to designate Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander as a group separate from Asians. To increase black participation in the 1990 United States Census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2062. The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections, consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election. Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats, eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched
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2000 United States Census
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This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a form of the 2000 census. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 2000 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U. S. resident population includes the number of people in the 50 states. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U. S. territory of Puerto Rico, its population was 3,808,610, the 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. S. Households had access to computers, 42% have Internet access, regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nations population increase,14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the center of U. S. population moved to Phelps County. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149, the Midwest by 4,724,144, the results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U. S. Code, each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S, since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, in 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce, after the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth seat, falling 857 people short. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents, almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah, only 102 came from North Carolina
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Census
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A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population, the term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, the word is of Latin origin, during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service. Current administrative data systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the level of detail but raise concerns about privacy. A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, typically main population estimates are updated by such intercensal estimates. Modern census data are used for research, business marketing, and planning. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling, similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions. In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide accurate information than attempts to get a population census. A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a rather than a fraction. However, population censuses rely on a frame to count the population. This is the way to be sure that everyone has been included as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, the use of a sampling frame is counterintuitive as it suggests that the population size is already known. However, a census is also used to collect data on the individuals in the nation. This process of sampling marks the difference between historical census, which was a house to house process or the product of a decree. The sampling frame used by census is almost always an address register, thus it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, as a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, a particular problem is what are termed communal establishments which category includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc
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Population density
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
Bosque County, Texas
