Hydesville, California
Hydesville is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, United States. Hydesville is located 4.5 miles southeast at an elevation of 364 feet. The population was 1,237 at the 2010 census, up from 1,209 at the 2000 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.5 square miles, all of it land. The 2010 United States Census reported that Hydesville had a population of 1,237; the population density was 164.9 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Hydesville was 1,108 White, 4 African American, 33 Native American, 6 Asian, 0 Pacific Islander, 30 from other races, 56 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71 persons; the Census reported that 1,235 people lived in households, 1 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, 1 were institutionalized. There were 485 households, out of which 136 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 282 were opposite-sex married couples living together, 41 had a female householder with no husband present, 34 had a male householder with no wife present.
There were 32 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, 9 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 102 households were made up of individuals and 40 had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55. There were 357 families; the population was spread out with 262 people under the age of 18, 88 people aged 18 to 24, 250 people aged 25 to 44, 449 people aged 45 to 64, 188 people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males. There were 514 housing units at an average density of 68.5 per square mile, of which 485 were occupied, of which 364 were owner-occupied, 121 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%. 948 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 287 people lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,209 people, 457 households, 345 families residing in the CDP; the population density was 163.7 people per square mile.
There were 489 housing units at an average density of 66.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.73% White, 3.72% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 1.41% from other races, 2.89% from two or more races. 4.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 457 households out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.3% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.97. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,411, the median income for a family was $45,625.
Males had a median income of $38,375 versus $21,471 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,629. About 8.5% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over. Hydesville post office opened in 1861; the town was named for donor of the land on which the town sits. In 1879, there was a professional minor league baseball team in Hydesville, in the short-lived Humboldt County League. From 1910-1918, the town was temporarily called Goose Prairie before changing back to Hydesville. In the state legislature, Hydesville is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire, the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood. Federally, Hydesville is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman. California portal
Outlet Creek
Outlet Creek is an Eel River tributary draining the Little Lake Valley northerly through a canyon of the California Coast Ranges. The Northwestern Pacific Railroad bridges the creek twelve times. California State Route 162 bridges the creek once, following the canyon downstream of Longvale, U. S. Route 101 bridges the creek twice, paralleling it less upstream of Longvale. After leaving Quaternary alluvium of the Little Lake Valley, the canyon exposes undivided Cretaceous marine sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks upstream of Longvale and Franciscan Assemblage downstream of Longvale. Outlet Creek provides groundwater recharge and agricultural and industrial water supply plus wildlife habitat including cold freshwater habitat for fish migration and spawning. List of rivers in California
Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living species of the genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae. Common names include coastal redwood and California redwood, it is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200 -- more. This species includes the tallest living trees on Earth, reaching up to 379 feet in height and up to 29.2 feet in diameter at breast height. These trees are among the oldest living things on Earth. Before commercial logging and clearing began by the 1850s, this massive tree occurred in an estimated 2,100,000 acres along much of coastal California and the southwestern corner of coastal Oregon within the United States; the name sequoia sometimes refers to the subfamily Sequoioideae, which includes S. sempervirens along with Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia. Here, the term redwood on its own refers to the species covered in this article, not to the other two species. Scottish botanist David Don described the redwood as the evergreen taxodium in his colleague Aylmer Bourke Lambert's 1824 work A description of the genus Pinus.
Austrian botanist Stephan Endlicher erected the genus Sequoia in his 1847 work Synopsis coniferarum, giving the redwood its current binomial name of Sequoia sempervirens. Endlicher derived the name Sequoia from the Cherokee name of George Gist spelled Sequoyah, who developed the still-used Cherokee syllabary; the redwood is one of each in its own genus, in the subfamily Sequoioideae. Molecular studies have shown that the three are each other's closest relatives with the redwood and giant sequoia as each other's closest relatives; however and colleagues in 2010 queried the polyploid state of the redwood and speculate that it may have arisen as an ancient hybrid between ancestors of the giant sequoia and dawn redwood. Using two different single copy nuclear genes, LFY and NLY, to generate phylogenetic trees, they found that Sequoia was clustered with Metasequoia in the tree generated using the LFY gene, but with Sequoiadendron in the tree generated with the NLY gene. Further analysis supported the hypothesis that Sequoia was the result of a hybridization event involving Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron.
Thus and colleagues hypothesize that the inconsistent relationships among Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron could be a sign of reticulate evolution among the three genera. However, the long evolutionary history of the three genera make resolving the specifics of when and how Sequoia originated once and for all a difficult matter—especially since it in part depends on an incomplete fossil record; the coast redwood can reach 115 m tall with a trunk diameter of 9 m. It has a conical crown, with horizontal to drooping branches; the bark can be thick, up to 1-foot, quite soft and fibrous, with a bright red-brown color when freshly exposed, weathering darker. The root system is composed of wide-spreading lateral roots; the leaves are variable, being 15–25 mm long and flat on young trees and shaded shoots in the lower crown of old trees. On the other hand, they are scale-like, 5–10 mm long on shoots in full sun in the upper crown of older trees, with a full range of transition between the two extremes.
They have two blue-white stomatal bands below. Leaf arrangement is spiral, but the larger shade leaves are twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane for maximum light capture; the species is monoecious, with seed cones on the same plant. The seed cones are ovoid, 15–32 mm long, with 15–25 spirally arranged scales; each cone scale bears three to seven seeds, each seed 3–4 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, with two wings 1 mm wide. The seeds are open at maturity; the pollen cones are 4 -- 6 mm long. Its genetic makeup is unusual among conifers, being a hexaploid and allopolyploid. Both the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of the redwood are paternally inherited. Coast redwoods occupy a narrow strip of land 750 km in length and 5–47 mi in width along the Pacific coast of North America; the prevailing elevation range is 98–2,460 ft above sea level down to 0 and up to 3,000 ft. They grow in the mountains where precipitation from the incoming moisture off the ocean is greater; the tallest and oldest trees are found in deep valleys and gullies, where year-round streams can flow, fog drip is regular.
The trees above the fog layer, above about 2,296 ft, are shorter and smaller due to the drier and colder conditions. In addition, Douglas fir and tanoak crowd out redwoods at these elevations. Few redwoods grow close to the ocean, due to intense salt spray and wind. Coalescence of coastal fog accounts for a considerable part of the trees' water needs; the northern boundary of its range is marked by groves on the Chetco River on the western fringe of the Klamath Mountains, near the California-Oregon border. The largest populations are in Redwood National and State Parks (Del Norte and Humbo
Fortuna, California
Fortuna is a city on the northeast shore of the Eel River, is on U. S. Route 101 in west-central Humboldt County, United States; the population was 11,926 at the 2010 census, up from 10,497 at the 2000 census. The settlement was called "Slide," for Slide Hill, in 1874, named for the slide, a fixture on the northeast side of the Eel River and the southwest portion of Christian Ridge just to the northwest, near the edge of town. In 1875, the name was changed to Springville during the construction of the Springville Mill, a lumber mill for the nearby redwood forests, named so because of the numerous springs in the area; the mill's owners were Alexander Masson, M. N. Weber and G. F. Gushaw. Springville was a company town belonging to the mill, the few people that resided there all worked at the mill. By the late 1870s Springville had grown enough to warrant a post office, but a town called Springville, California existed in the state; the post office was named Slide on May 24, 1876. In 1884 the residents petitioned the state legislature for the name Fortuna, Spanish for "fortune" and Latin for "chance," and by July 3, 1888 the name was changed to Fortuna.
The name was chosen when settlers saw the proximity of the forests, the river and its valley, the Pacific Ocean, as ideal for enjoying a good quality of life, felt "fortunate" to live there. It is believed that a local minister and real estate agent, desiring to sell lots to newcomers, devised the name as a marketing tool. Electricity came to Fortuna in 1883 when W. J. Swortzel and George W. Williams, owners of the Springville Mill Company, built a $4,000 power plant; some of the local sawmills were powered by electricity, by providing power to the mills and Williams saw the opportunity to provide inexpensive electric lighting to the townspeople. The town was incorporated on February 20, 1906, because of the Eel River, became known for its agricultural prowess in vegetable crops and fruits, for the fresh fish from the river. Although agricultural industry was expanding, the lumber industry is what started the town, would continue as the main source of local income for some time to come. Rohnerville, a town founded to service the many gold miners inhabiting the mountains to the north and east, was competing with Fortuna to be the leading township in the area.
The miners would come by ship to Eureka, head up the Eel River to the junction with the Van Duzen River, from whence the miners headed east up the Van Duzen River Valley into Trinity County. Rohnerville was at this junction, looked to prosper from selling supplies to the miners, but when it was decided that the railroad would be routed through neighboring Fortuna, it set both towns' fate. The Eel River and Eureka Railroad was built in 1884 to provide Humboldt Bay shipping access to the lumber mills and farms of the lower Eel River. Atchison and Santa Fe Railway reorganized Fortuna's railroad as the San Francisco and Northwestern Railway in 1903, completed the Northwestern Pacific Railroad to San Francisco in 1914. Fortuna became the rail hub for smaller communities like Alton, Ferndale, Newburg, Port Kenyon and Waddington. Fortuna was the location of one of two secondary mills of the storied Pacific Lumber Company, headquartered ten miles south in Scotia. Since Fortuna's earliest days in the 1800s, its nickname has been "The Friendly City."
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles, all of it land. Fortuna is located 7 miles from the Pacific coast on the bank of the Eel River; the community is affected by coastal weather patterns with the Pacific Ocean to the west. Fortuna is served by U. S. Route 101 providing direct access to San Francisco 253 miles to the south, to Eureka 14 miles to the north; the western terminus of California State Route 36 intersects U. S. Route 101 1 mile just south of the city limits. Fortuna is surrounded by national and county redwood parks, is the gateway to the redwood forests of Northern California. Sequoia sempervirens live to be 2,500 years old; the 33-mile Avenue of the Giants offers views of the area's redwoods, carries visitors through a number of groves. Stops include Founders Grove, the Visitor Center near Weott and several locations that provide trail access; the area sees summers that are not as foggy as Eureka and Arcata to the north, run a few degrees warmer.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fortuna had a population of 11,926. The population density was 2,461.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Fortuna was 9,686 White, 73 African American, 444 Native American, 106 Asian, 9 Pacific Islander, 1,065 from other races, 543 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,032 persons; the census reported that 11,665 people lived in households, 189 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, 72 were institutionalized. There were 4,688 households, out of which 1,509 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,135 were heterosexual married couples living together, 579 had a female householder with no husband present, 279 had a male householder with no wife present. There were 363 unmarried heterosexual partnerships, 38 (0
Yager Creek
Yager Creek is a tributary stream of the Van Duzen River on the north coast of California in Humboldt County, California. It has its source at the confluence of Middle Fork Yager Creek, its mouth is at the confluence with the Van Duzen River just below the town of Carlotta
