1.
Polyvalent Hall (Cluj-Napoca)
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The Polyvalent Hall is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The venue holds 10,000 people in its largest configuration, the building is located next to the Cluj Arena. A concert on 31 October 2014 by English musician James Blunt, sala Polivalentă hosted the Counter-Strike, Global Offensive Major DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015. The arena will be expanded to 10,000 seats for the EuroBasket 2017, the work on the existing stands will begin after the 2017 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Website http, //polivalentacluj. ro/ Photos on Dico și Țigănaș website
2.
Romania
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Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia and it has an area of 238,391 square kilometres and a temperate-continental climate. With over 19 million inhabitants, the country is the member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth-largest city in the EU, the River Danube, Europes second-longest river, rises in Germany and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km, coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romanias Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest are marked by one of their tallest peaks, Moldoveanu, modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. Romania lost several territories, of which Northern Transylvania was regained after the war, following the war, Romania became a socialist republic and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition back towards democracy and it has been a member of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. A strong majority of the population identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians and are speakers of Romanian. The cultural history of Romania is often referred to when dealing with artists, musicians, inventors. For similar reasons, Romania has been the subject of notable tourist attractions, Romania derives from the Latin romanus, meaning citizen of Rome. The first known use of the appellation was attested in the 16th century by Italian humanists travelling in Transylvania, Moldavia, after the abolition of serfdom in 1746, the word rumân gradually fell out of use and the spelling stabilised to the form român. Tudor Vladimirescu, a leader of the early 19th century. The use of the name Romania to refer to the homeland of all Romanians—its modern-day meaning—was first documented in the early 19th century. The name has been officially in use since 11 December 1861, in English, the name of the country was formerly spelt Rumania or Roumania. Romania became the predominant spelling around 1975, Romania is also the official English-language spelling used by the Romanian government. The Neolithic-Age Cucuteni area in northeastern Romania was the region of the earliest European civilization. Evidence from this and other sites indicates that the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture extracted salt from salt-laden spring water through the process of briquetage
3.
FC Universitatea Cluj
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Fotbal Club Universitatea Cluj is a Romanian professional football club from Cluj-Napoca, founded in 1919 by Iuliu Hațieganu. The team plays in Romanias fourth league, Liga IV, Universitatea Cluj traditionally plays in white and black clothing, although variations of red, maroon and gold have been used—especially for away kits. U Cluj played for 89 years at the Ion Moina Stadium, U Cluj are nicknamed Șepcile roșii after the red berets worn by students from the University of Medicine in Cluj. They are traditionally considered to be the most important football club in Transylvania, the club has spent most of its history in the first league but have never become national champions. They have played in four Romanian Cup finals—each time under a different name—and won the trophy in the 1964–65 season, the Universitatea sports club of Cluj was founded in September 1919 by the Sports Society of University Students. Its first chairman was Professor Iuliu Hațieganu, a physician and politician, in the early years of its existence U Cluj played in local competitions, at the time there was no national football championship in Romania. The team played against Chinezul Timișoara in the 1923 final of the Mara Cup, U played in the Romanian national football championship Divizia A from 1932. In their first season U finished first in its group and played the final against Ripensia Timișoara. In the first season of the Romanian Cup, in 1933–34, U reached the final, in 1940, U moved from Cluj to Sibiu as a result of the Second Vienna Award, when the northern part of Transylvania was ceded to Hungary. In 1942, U played in the final of the Romanian Cup for a second time, in 1945, after the end of the Second World War and the return of the northern part of Transylvania to Romania, U returned to its home in Cluj. In 1946, the name of the club was changed to Știința Cluj, in 1949, the team reached the final of the Romanian Cup for the third time, but it was beaten by CSCA București—now called Steaua București. At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, in 1964–65, Știința Cluj won the Romanian Cup, this remained the greatest performance of the club for many years. In 1966, the name of the team was changed back to Universitatea, in 1998, U reached the final of Cupa Ligii but lost to FCM Bacău. In 1999, U was relegated into the second Romanian division, Divizia B and in 2000 it was relegated for the first time in its history into the third division and it played one season in the third division, and in 2001 it was promoted back to Divizia B. The manager of the team at the time was the ex-Romanian international, in the 2005–06 Divizia B season, the new objective became promotion to the first league. In the beginning of the 2006–07 Liga II season, a new manager, under his lead, the team had a poor early season and only reached 8th position. Yet, the moment passed and the team reached 1st position, on 19 May 2007, virtual promotion was achieved after a 0–0 draw against second place contender Dacia Mioveni. Three weeks before the match day, U ended its 8-year spell in the lower divisions
4.
CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (men's basketball)
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CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca is a Romanian professional basketball club based in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The club, for sponsorship reason under the name U-Banca Transilvania Cluj-Napoca, as other sports teams that were initially part of the parent sports club, U Cluj, for historical reasons, the club still keeps the name U in its name. Whilst the parent sports club, U Cluj was founded in 1919, since then, U Cluj was a constant presence in the Romanian First Division, with their best performances being recorded in the 1990s, when they won three Romanian Championships. During its history, the team had different names, since 1990, the main sponsors name is usually added to the name of the parent sports club, U Cluj. This resulted in a change of name every time the sponsor was changed. Previous names of the team were, U, Ştiinţa, Ştiinţa IMF, U Metalul Rosu, U Fimaro, U SM Invest, U Sanex, in the 2012-2013 season, U Mobitelco Cluj Napoca finished on 7th place and qualify for the Play-Off. Here the team played the first round against CSM Oradea but lost with 3-1, also the team played the Romanian Cup final, but lost against CS Gaz Metan Medias with the score 62-76. At the end of season the coach and all the foreign players left the team. Played at least one international match for his senior national team or one NBA game at any time. The most famous player that played for U Cluj was Gheorghe Mureșan - Signed in 1993 with the Washington Bullets, played 6 successful seasons with the Bullets and the New Jersey Nets, averaging a career 9.8 points,6.4 rebounds and 0.5 assists. Obtained the title of NBA Most Improved Player following the 1995–96 NBA season, began his career playing two years for Universitatea Cluj-Napoca. Official website U Mobitelco BT Cluj-Napoca Team Profile at Baschetromania. ro Team Profile at Eurobasket. com
5.
CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (rugby)
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U Prodvinalco Cluj is a Romanian professional rugby union club from Cluj-Napoca, playing in the Romanian SuperLiga, the top division of Romanian rugby. The club is part of the CS Universitatea sports club, the rugby section of CS U Cluj was founded in 1949 and has since played in the Romanian rugby union championship. Throughout its history the team has also known as Ştiinţa Cluj, Locomotiva Cluj, Agronomia Cluj, Politehnica Cluj. The home ground of U Cluj has historically been the stadium from within the Iuliu Haţieganu Park of the Babeş-Bolyai University. Players may hold more than one non-WR nationality, as of 28 March 2015 Rugby union in Romania Official website Main fans website Romanian Rugby Federation official website Romanian Rugby
6.
Handball
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Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team scores more goals wins. Modern handball is played on a court 40 by 20 metres, the goals are surrounded by a 6-meter zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed, goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while diving into it. The sport is played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball. The game is fast and high-scoring, professional teams now typically score between 20 and 35 goals each, though lower scores were not uncommon until a few decades ago, body contact is permitted by the defenders trying to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe, the modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany, and had several revisions since. The first international games were played under rules for men in 1925. Mens handball was first played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin as outdoors, and the time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich as indoors. Womens team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics, the International Handball Federation was formed in 1946 and, as of 2016, has 197 member federations. The sport is most popular in the countries of continental Europe, in the womens world championships, only two non-European countries have won the title, South Korea and Brazil. The game also enjoys popularity in the Far East, North Africa, There is evidence of ancient Roman women playing a version of handball called expulsim ludere. There are records of games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland. By the 19th century, there existed similar games of håndbold from Denmark, házená in the Czech Republic, handbol in Ukraine, the team handball game of today was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe—primarily in Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The first written set of team handball rules was published in 1906 by the Danish gym teacher, lieutenant and Olympic medalist Holger Nielsen from Ordrup grammar school, north of Copenhagen. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, after 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under rules, between Germany and Belgium by men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria by women in 1930. In 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation nominated a committee to draw up rules for field handball. The International Amateur Handball Federation was formed in 1928 and later the International Handball Federation was formed in 1946, Mens field handball was played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin
7.
Cluj-Napoca
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Cluj-Napoca, commonly known as Cluj, is the second most populous city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is equidistant from Bucharest, Budapest and Belgrade. Located in the Someșul Mic River valley, the city is considered the capital to the historical province of Transylvania. From 1790 to 1848 and from 1861 to 1867, it was the capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania. Other names for the city include, German, Klausenburg, Hungarian, Kolozsvár, Hungarian pronunciation, Medieval Latin, Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis, and Yiddish, קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg. As of 2011,324,576 inhabitants live within the city limits, the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area has a population of 411,379 people, while the population of the peri-urban area exceeds 420,000 residents. The new metropolitan government of Cluj-Napoca became operational in December 2008, the city spreads out from St. Michaels Church in Unirii Square, built in the 14th century and named after the Archangel Michael, the patron saint of Cluj-Napoca. The boundaries of the municipality contain an area of 179.52 square kilometres, Cluj-Napoca experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s, its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor at the time, Gheorghe Funar. Today, the city is one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial, in 2015, Cluj-Napoca was European Youth Capital. On the site of the city was a settlement named Napoca. After the AD106 Roman conquest of the area, the place was known as Municipium Aelium Hadrianum Napoca, the first written mention of the citys current name – as a Royal Borough – was in 1213 under the Medieval Latin name Castrum Clus. With respect to the name of this camp, it is accepted as a derivation from the Latin term clausa – clusa, meaning closed place, strait. Similar senses are attributed to the Slavic term kluč, meaning a key, the Latin and Slavic names have been attributed to the valley that narrows or closes between hills just to the west of Cluj-Mănăștur. An alternative hypothesis relates the name of the city to its first magistrate, the Hungarian form Kolozsvár, first recorded in 1246 as Kulusuar, underwent various phonetic changes over the years, the variant Koloswar first appears in a document from 1332. Its Saxon name Clusenburg/Clusenbvrg appeared in 1348, but from 1408 the form Clausenburg was used, the Romanian name of the city used to be spelled alternately as Cluj or Cluș, the latter being the case in Mihai Eminescus Poesis. In 1974, the communist authorities added -Napoca to the name as a nationalist gesture. The full name is used outside of official contexts. In Yiddish it is known as קלאזין or קלויזענבורג, the nickname treasure city was acquired in the late 16th century, and refers to the wealth amassed by residents, including in the precious metals trade
8.
Captain (sports)
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In team sports, captain is a title given to a member of the team. The title is frequently honorary, but in cases the captain may have significant responsibility for strategy. In either case, it is a position that indicates honor, in association football and cricket, a captain is also known as a skipper. Depending on the sport, team captains may be given the responsibility of interacting with game officials regarding application and interpretation of the rules, in many team sports, the captains represent their respective teams when the match official does the coin toss at the beginning of the game. Various sports have differing roles and responsibilities for team captains, in martial arts, the class lead instructor, acting under the direction and authority of the Master or a senior belt, may be called the captain
9.
Hungary
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Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken language in Europe. Hungarys capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr. His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000, converting the country to a Christian kingdom, by the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the Western world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century. Hungarys current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, following the interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Hungary became a state of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship. On 23 October 1989, Hungary became again a democratic parliamentary republic, in the 21st century, Hungary is a middle power and has the worlds 57th largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the 58th largest by PPP, out of 188 countries measured by the IMF. As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds 36th largest exporter and importer of goods, Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living. It keeps up a security and universal health care system. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and part of the Schengen Area since 2007, Hungary is a member of the United Nations, NATO, WTO, World Bank, the AIIB, the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group. Well known for its cultural history, Hungary has been contributed significantly to arts, music, literature, sports and science. Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe and it is home to the largest thermal water cave system, the second largest thermal lake in the world, the largest lake in Central Europe, and the largest natural grasslands in Europe. The H in the name of Hungary is most likely due to historical associations with the Huns. The rest of the word comes from the Latinized form of Medieval Greek Oungroi, according to an explanation the Greek name was borrowed from Proto-Slavic Ǫgǔri, in turn borrowed from Oghur-Turkic Onogur. Onogur was the name for the tribes who later joined the Bulgar tribal confederacy that ruled the eastern parts of Hungary after the Avars. The Hungarians likely belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance and it is possible they became its ethnic majority. The Hungarian endonym is Magyarország, composed of magyar and ország, the word magyar is taken from the name of one of the seven major semi-nomadic Hungarian tribes, magyeri
Sorin Grozav
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Carmen Amariei-Lungu
Viktória Petróczi