Aincille
Aincille is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aintzildars; the town is part of Cize Country in the former Basque province of Lower Navarre. It is located 5 km southeast of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port; the commune can be accessed by the D401 road from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port in the northwest to the village. From the village the D118 road goes north to join the D18 highway. Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the northeastern border of the commune is marked by the Laurhibar river, which flows north to join the Nive north of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. A stream flows to the Laurhibar in the north-east; the Urtchipea rises in the south of the commune and flows northwest gathering many tributaries and joins the Nive de Beherobie at Saint-Michel. The Sassitako erreka rises southwest of the village and flows northwest joining the Laurhibar east of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port; the commune name in basque is Ahintzila meaning Aintzila or Aintzil-Harrieta.
Jean-Baptiste Orpustan wrote the name of the commune in the form Aïncille. He indicated that in Basque the inhabitants are referred to as Aintzildar; the following table details the origins of the commune name. Sources: Mérimée: Presentation of the Commune of Aincille on the Ministry of Culture website Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Cassini: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini database Origins: Intendance: Intendance of Pau Part of Aincille territory next to the communes of Ahaxe-Alciette-Bascassan, Bustince-Iriberry, Çaro, Mendive, Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, Saint-Michel, was taken on 11 June 1842 to form of the commune of Estérençuby. List of Successive Mayors of Aincille The commune belongs to six intercommunal structures: the Community of communes of Garazi-Baigorri the AEP association of Ainhice the energy association for Pyrenees-Atlantiques the intercommunal association for the development and management of the slaughterhouse at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port the joint association for the watershed of the Nive the association to support Basque culture.
The town is part of the production area of Irouléguy AOC and the Appellation d'origine contrôlée zone of Ossau-iraty. Economic activity is agricultural. Aincille had long received saline since the 17th century and had the distinction of being a corporation with ownership of twenty-nine old houses of the town and was reunited with the royal domain in 1683. According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte, the dialect of Basque spoken in Aincille is Eastern Low Navarrese; the commune has several sites that are registered as historical monuments: Houses and Farms The Idiondoa Farmhouse The Ahadoberria Farmhouse The commune has several religious sites that are registered as historical monuments: The Croix de Carrefour Wayside Cross A Cemetery Cross The Parish Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist The church contains two items that are registered as historical objects: A Processional Cross A Statue: Virgin and child Church Picture Gallery Stained Glass Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Cantons of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department AINTZILLA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Aincille on Lion1906 Aincille on the 1750 Cassini Map Aincille on the INSEE website INSEE
Aast, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Aast is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. The inhabitants are known as Aastais; the local pronunciation is aas with a nasalised'a' and a silent't'. The village is composed of a dozen scattered houses. Aast is 20 km north of Lourdes. Access to the commune is by road D70 D311 north-east from Gardères, road D64 north-west from Ger, road D311 when coming south from Ponson-Dessus. Other country roads can be used to access the commune. Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, Aast is traversed by the Carbouère stream, a tributary of the Louet river. Aast is the first French commune in alphabetical order. Aas, another commune in the Lower Pyrenees, came first until 1861, when it merged with the commune of Assouste to form the new commune of Eaux-Bonnes; the commune's Béarnais name is Aast. According to Dauzat and Rostaing Aast comes from the Basque ast; this seems unlikely given the physical setting. Michel Grosclaude suggests that the name of the town derives from an anthroponym composed of Aner + Aster.
Brigitte Jobbé-Duval recalls that in 1429, Aast appeared as Hast, which means lance, therefore advanced the theory that Aast could refer to a battle that occurred there. The following table details the origins of the commune name. Sources: Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750Origins: Census: Census of Montaner Reformation: Reformation of Béarn There was a Lay Abbey in Aast, abolished in 1791; the Lordship of Aast was owned by the Day family from 1674 until the French Revolution. In 1678, Jérome de Day, adviser to the king, bought the abbey and tithes with rights of patronage: he was to provide a priest and entitled to receive a portion of the tithe, to sit in the choir, to be first to receive the blessed bread, to be buried in the church. List of Successive Mayors of Aast Mayors from 1942 Population change Sources: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 The 2006 classification by INSEE, indicating the median household incomes for each commune with more than 50 households ranked Aast at 5274, with an average annual income of €18,858.
The town has a number of old farmhouses: The Fray Farmhouse A Farmhouse at Bayet Houses and Farms The Church of Saint Martin dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours was built under Napoleon III during the administration of Mayor Bartholomew Lassus. Renovated by the artist Villarubias, there are many objects in the church registered as historical objects: A Processional Lantern A Thurible A Pail for holy water A Painting: Christ on the cross with the Virgin, Saint Madeleine and Saint Martin 2 Paintings: Saint Martin Bishop, the Charity of St. Martin Statue: Saint Joseph Altar Pulpit A Pulpit 2 Altars and Tabernacles The Main Altar 5 stained glass windows by Henri Gesta The Furniture in the Church Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Aast on Lion1906 Aast on the 1750 Cassini Map Aast on the INSEE website INSEE
Anos
Anos is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Anosiens or Anosiennes Anos is located some 15 km north-east of Pau and 10 km south-east of Auriac. Access to the commune is by road D39 from Morlaas in the south passing north through the commune and the village and continuing north to join the D834 just north of Astis. Several other country roads pass through the commune; the Lau river forms the western border of the commune with the eastern shore of the Lake of Saint-Amour forming the part just west of the village. The Lau flows north to join the Luy de France which forms the eastern border of the commune; the commune name in Béarnais is Anòs. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicates that Anos could be of Gallic origin being the name of the property owner Andus plus the suffix -ossu with a proposed meaning of "Domain of Andus"; the name Anos was mentioned in 1243 in the Titles of Ossau and in the Cassini map in 1750).
Paul Raymond noted on page 6 of the 1863 dictionary that in the 14th century Anos belonged to the community of Preachers of Morlaàs. The commune was part of the archdeaconry of Vic-Bihl which depended on the diocese of Lescar of which Lembeye was the capital. List of Successive Mayors Anos is part of five inter-communal structures: The Community of communes of Pays de Morlaàs. In 2009 the commune had 193 inhabitants; the evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year. Population change Sources: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 Anos is part of the Urban area of Pau; the Maison Tachoères farmhouse is registered as an historical monument. Other Houses and Farms are registered as historical monuments; the Parish Church of Saint-Laurent is registered as an historical monument.
An artificial lake called Lake Saint-Armou or Lake of Anos is on the border between the two communes. Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Anos on Lion1906 Anos on Google Maps Anos on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute website Anos on the 1750 Cassini Map Anos on the INSEE website INSEE
Andoins
Andoins is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Andosiennes; the commune is part of the urban area of Pau and is located 5 km east of Pau, the commune is part of the Vic-Bilh region of Gascony. The commune is traversed by the A64 autoroute; the nearest exit is Exit 11 just south-east of the commune. Access to the village is by the D39 road from Morlaàs in the north-west which continues south-east to Limendous. There is the D538 which goes north-west from the village to Serres-Morlaàs. There is the D215 which goes south-west from the village to Artigueloutan. Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed from south-east to north-west by the Luy de France which forms part of the northern border before continuing to join the Lucet east of Morlaàs; the Ayguelengue forms the southern border of the commune before joining the Oussere and continuing west. The commune name in béarnais is Andonsh..
Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicates that the village's name comes from the family name Antonius, modified in basque to Anton plus the suffix -tz inducing the property of or the domain of Anton. The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Origins: Lescar: Cartulary of Lescar Pau: Cartulary of the Château of Pau Fors de Béarn Census: Census of Béarn Ossau: Cartulary of Ossau. Paul Raymond on page 5 of the 1863 dictionary noted that Andoins was the seat of the second largest barony in Béarn which included Limendous, he noted that in 1385 there were 20 fires in Andoins and it depended on the Bailiwick of Pau. The town was part of the archdeaconry of Vic-Bilh, which depended on the bishopric of Lescar of which Lembeye was the capital. List of Successive Mayors Andois is part of six inter-communal structures: the public agency for local management.
In 2009 the commune had 625 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year. Population change Sources: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 The commune has a number of buildings that are registered as historical monuments: A House at Grange Montane A Fortified Area A Farmhouse at Poublan The Maison Séries Farmhouse The Maison Lacaze Farmhouse The Cazenave Farmhouse The Maison Coustet Farmhouse Houses and Farms The Parish Church of Saint-Laurent is registered as an historical monument; the church contains many items that are registered as historical objects: Guilhem Arnaud, Baron of Andoins who died in 1301. His funerary monument is displayed in the church of the Commandery of Caubin in the commune of Arthez-de-Béarn. Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Andoins on Lion1906 Andoins on Google Maps Andoins on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute website Andoins on the 1750 Cassini Map Andoins on the INSEE website INSEE
Angous
Angous is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Angousiens or Angousiennes Angous is located some 5 km south-west of Navarrenx and 12 km north-east of Mauléon-Licharre, it can be accessed by the D2 road which runs from Navarrenx and forms the south-eastern border of the commune before continuing to Moncayolle-Larrory-Mendibieu. Access to the village is by the D69 road; the commune consists of farmland with patches of forest. Located on the watershed of the Adour, the Serrot, a tributary of the Lausset, with many tributaries flows through the commune from south-west to north-east passing near the village; the Ruisseau de Lassere with many tributaries flows from the south-west towards the northeast to the east of the village and forms part of the eastern border. The commune name in Gascon is Angós which means "marshy terrain" according to Michel Grosclaude and Brigitte Jobbé-DuvalThe following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Sources: Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Grosclaude: Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, 2006 Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750 Ldh/EHESS/Cassini: Cassini Database Origins: Census: Census of Béarn Reformation: Reformation of Béarn Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron Notaries: Notaries of Navarrenx Angous: Titles of Angous. Paul Raymond noted on page 6 of the 1863 dictionary that the commune had a Lay Abbey, a vassal of the Viscount of Béarn. In 1385 there were 12 fires in Angous and it depended on the bailiwick of Navarrenx; the barony of Gabaston, a vassal of the Viscount of Béarn, was made up of Angous and Susmiou. List of Successive Mayors The commune is part of six inter-communal structures: the Community of communes of the Canton of Navarrenx. In 2009 the commune had 106 inhabitants; the evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793.
From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year. Population change Sources: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 The activity is directed towards agriculture; the town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée zone of Ossau-iraty. The Parish Church of Saint-André is registered as an historical monument. Church Gallery The sect Tabitha's place has a property of eleven hectares in the commune. Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department Angous on the Community of communes of the Canton of Navarrenx website Angous on Lion1906 Angous on the 1750 Cassini Map Angous on the INSEE website INSEE
Ainhice-Mongelos
Ainhice-Mongelos is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre; the inhabitants of the commune are known as Monjolostars. The town is part of the country Basque province of Cize of Lower Navarre, it is located in the Pyrenees mountains some 40 km in a direct line southeast of Bayonne and about 15 km northeast of the Spanish border. The commune is farmland with scattered small forests. Access to Ainhice-Mongelos is via the Highway D933 which runs northeast from Saint-Jean-le-Vieux which runs from southwest to northeast along the eastern side of the commune through the village of Mongelos continues northeast, ending near Saint Palais. Just south of the commune at Lacarre, the Highway D422 branches from the D933 to the northwest and passes through the western side of the commune, ending at Lopeenia just to the west of the commune. No other highways enter the commune; the village of Anhice-Mongelos can be reached by a country road from the D933 at Mongelos or by any of the many country roads which cover the commune.
In the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed by a tributary of the Nive, the Lakako erreka and, a tributary of the Laurhibar, the Arzubiko erreka and by tributaries of the latter, the Bassaguibeléko erreka and the Idiondoa brook. The Artikaitéko erreka which flows into Bidouze passes through the commune; the name of the commune in Basque is Ainhize-Monjolose. According to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan the origin of the name Ainhice remains unknown. According to Brigitte Jobbé-Duval Mongelos is a Gascon name meaning Mont Jaloux; the following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy Mérimée: Presentation of Ainhice-Mongelos on the Ministry of Culture database. Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Origins: Pamplona: Titles of Pamplona Biscay: Martin Biscay Navarre: Regulations of the States of Navarre Camara: Titles of the Camara de Comptos Ohix: Contracts of Ohix Bayonne: Visitations of the Diocese of Bayonne The medieval village of Mongelos was established in 1240 as subject to the King of Navarre.
Subject to Ainhice, they were reunited on 16 August 1841. List of Successive Mayors of Anhice-Mongelos The commune belongs to seven inter-communal organisations: the community of communes of Garazi-Baigorri the AEP union of Ainhice the energy union of Pyrenees-Atlantiques the school union for RPI Ainhice-Gamarthe-Lacarre the inter-communal association for the development and management of the abattoir at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port the joint association for the watershed of the Nive the union to support Basque culture. Economic activity is agricultural; the town is part of the zone of appellation of Ossau-iraty. Euskal Herriko Laborantza Ganbara or the "Chamber of Agriculture for the Basque Country" is an association under the law of 1901 founded on 15 January 2005 and is headquartered in Ainhice-Mongelos. According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte, the dialect of Basque spoken in Ainhice-Mongelos is eastern low Navarrese. Several houses and farms are registered as historical monuments.
These are: Houses and Farms Barnetxea Farm Elizaldea Farm Etxeparea Farm Irazabalea Farm Church of the Assumption The town has a kindergarten. Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department AINHIZE-MONJOLOSE in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Ainhice-Mongelos on Lion1906 Ainhice on the 1750 Cassini Map Ainhice-Mongelos on the INSEE website INSEE
Departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department is one of the three levels of government below the national level, between the administrative regions and the commune. Ninety-six departments are in metropolitan France, five are overseas departments, which are classified as regions. Departments are further subdivided into 334 arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons; each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council. From 1800 to April 2015, these were called general councils; each council has a president. Their main areas of responsibility include the management of a number of social and welfare allowances, of junior high school buildings and technical staff, local roads and school and rural buses, a contribution to municipal infrastructures. Local services of the state administration are traditionally organised at departmental level, where the prefect represents the government; the departments were created in 1790 as a rational replacement of Ancien Régime provinces with a view to strengthen national unity.
All of them were named after physical geographical features, rather than after historical or cultural territories which could have their own loyalties. The division of France into departments was a project identified with the French revolutionary leader the Abbé Sieyès, although it had been discussed and written about by many politicians and thinkers; the earliest known suggestion of it is from 1764 in the writings of d'Argenson. They have inspired similar divisions in some of them former French colonies. Most French departments are assigned a two-digit number, the "Official Geographical Code", allocated by the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. Overseas departments have a three-digit number; the number is used, for example, in the postal code, was until used for all vehicle registration plates. While residents use the numbers to refer to their own department or a neighbouring one, more distant departments are referred to by their names, as few people know the numbers of all the departments.
For example, inhabitants of Loiret might refer to their department as "the 45". In 2014, President François Hollande proposed to abolish departmental councils by 2020, which would have maintained the departments as administrative divisions, to transfer their powers to other levels of governance; this reform project has since been abandoned. The first French territorial departments were proposed in 1665 by Marc-René d'Argenson to serve as administrative areas purely for the Ponts et Chaussées infrastructure administration. Before the French Revolution, France gained territory through the annexation of a mosaic of independent entities. By the close of the Ancien Régime, it was organised into provinces. During the period of the Revolution, these were dissolved in order to weaken old loyalties; the modern departments, as all-purpose units of the government, were created on 4 March 1790 by the National Constituent Assembly to replace the provinces with what the Assembly deemed a more rational structure.
Their boundaries served two purposes: Boundaries were chosen to break up France's historical regions in an attempt to erase cultural differences and build a more homogeneous nation. Boundaries were set so that every settlement in the country was within a day's ride of the capital of a department; this was a security measure, intended to keep the entire national territory under close control. This measure was directly inspired by the Great Terror, during which the government had lost control of many rural areas far from any centre of government; the old nomenclature was avoided in naming the new departments. Most were named after other physical features. Paris was in the department of Seine. Savoy became the department of Mont-Blanc; the number of departments 83, had been increased to 130 by 1809 with the territorial gains of the Republic and of the First French Empire. Following Napoleon's defeats in 1814–1815, the Congress of Vienna returned France to its pre-war size and the number of departments was reduced to 86.
In 1860, France acquired the County of Nice and Savoy, which led to the creation of three new departments. Two were added from the new Savoyard territory, while the department of Alpes-Maritimes was created from Nice and a portion of the Var department; the 89 departments were given numbers based on the alphabetical order of their names. The department of Bas-Rhin and parts of Meurthe, Moselle and Haut-Rhin were ceded to the German Empire in 1871, following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. A small part of Haut-Rhin became known as the Territoire de Belfort; when France regained the ceded departments after World War I, the Territoire de Belfort was not re-integrated into Haut-Rhin. In 1922, it became France's 90th department; the Lorraine departments were not changed back to their original boundaries, a new Moselle department was created in the regaine
