1.
17th Ward of New Orleans
The 17th Ward is one of the 17 Wards of New Orleans, a section of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The 17th Ward, along with the 16th, was formed when the City of New Orleans annexed City of Carrollton in 1870, the Ward stretches from the Mississippi River to Lake Pontchartrain. It is the farthest up-river ward of the city, the boundary is Jefferson Parish. The lower boundary extends from the riverfront along Carrollton Avenue to the intersection of I-10 and this was formerly the route of the New Basin Canal, the original ward boundary. Across I-10 here is the 3rd Ward, continuing back along the former Canal route, the boundary north of I-10 becomes Pontchartrain Boulevard, across which is the 4th Ward, and north to the lakefront. The area closer to the Riverfront was originally the upper half of the town of Carrollton, the boundary between the Ward and Jefferson Parish from Metairie Ridge back is the 17th Street Canal. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina struck the city, and a break in the canal levee flooded much of the city, see
2.
3D printing
Objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced using digital model data from a 3D model or another electronic data source such as an Additive Manufacturing File file. The term 3D printing originally referred to a process that deposits a binder material onto a bed with inkjet printer heads layer by layer. More recently, the term is being used in popular vernacular to encompass a variety of additive manufacturing techniques. United States and global technical standards use the term additive manufacturing for this broader sense. Early additive manufacturing equipment and materials were developed in the 1980s, but on July 16,1984 Alain Le Méhauté, Olivier de Witte and Jean Claude André filed their patent for the stereolithography process. It was three weeks before Chuck Hull filed his own patent for stereolithography, the application of French inventors were abandoned by the French General Electric Company and CILAS. The claimed reason was for lack of business perspective, Hull defined the process as a system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed, but this had been already invented by Kodama.
Hulls contribution is the design of the STL file format widely accepted by 3D printing software as well as the digital slicing, the term 3D printing originally referred to a process employing standard and custom inkjet print heads. The technology used by most 3D printers to date—especially hobbyist and consumer-oriented models—is fused deposition modeling, AM processes for metal sintering or melting usually went by their own individual names in the 1980s and 1990s. But AM-type sintering was beginning to challenge that assumption, by the mid 1990s, new techniques for material deposition were developed at Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University, including microcasting and sprayed materials. Sacrificial and support materials had become more common, enabling new object geometries. The umbrella term additive manufacturing gained wider currency in the decade of the 2000s, as the various additive processes matured, it became clear that soon metal removal would no longer be the only metalworking process done under that type of control.
It was during this decade that the term subtractive manufacturing appeared as a retronym for the family of machining processes with metal removal as their common theme. The term subtractive has not replaced the term machining, instead complementing it when a term that covers any removal method is needed, both terms reflect the simple fact that the technologies all share the common theme of sequential-layer material addition/joining throughout a 3D work envelope under automated control. The 2010s were the first decade in which metal end use parts such as engine brackets, agile tooling uses a cost effective and high quality method to quickly respond to customer and market needs. It can be used in hydro-forming, injection molding, as technology matured, several authors had begun to speculate that 3D printing could aid in sustainable development in the developing world. 3D printable models may be created with a computer-aided design package, via a 3D scanner, or by a digital camera. 3D printed models created with CAD result in reduced errors and can be corrected before printing, allowing verification in the design of the object before it is printed, the manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting
3.
6th Portuguese India Armada (Albergaria, 1504)
The Sixth India Armada was assembled in 1504 on the order of King Manuel I of Portugal and placed under the command of Lopo Soares de Albergaria. The 6th Armada was composed of 13 ships, approximately nine large nau or carracks, the exact composition of the fleet differs in the various accounts. The following list of ships should not be regarded as authoritative, no actual names of ships are known. Chronicles suggest most were carracks, accompanied by three or four ships, denoted as nta in the list). The captains of three of the navetas are identified in all the chronicles, although there is disagreement over the fourth. The above list of captains is principally based on João de Barross Décadas, Damião de Goiss Chronica, Castanhedas História, the Relação das Naus da Índia introduces some of the name variations. To get thirteen again, Correia asserts the captain-major Lopo Soares de Albergaria does not have his own ship, the admiral of the fleet was Lopo Soares de Albergaria. Albergaria was a noble, well-connected to the Almeida family.
Lopo Soares de Albergaria sailed either on his own ship or on the ship captained by Pêro de Mendonça, Lopo de Abreu da Ilha may have been designated vice-admiral, although D. Leonel Coutinho may have been a higher noble. Manuel Telles de Vasconcelos was the nephew of influential Portuguese courtier, two of the captains are veterans of earlier expeditions, Pedro Afonso de Aguiar and Lopo Mendes de Vasconcellos had sailed in the 4th Armada of 1502. There was some participation in the fleet. At least one of the ships was outfitted by Catarina Dias de Aguiar, the carracks were designated to return to Lisbon with spice cargoes, the three or four small ships were slated to remain in India, to bolster the local Portuguese coastal patrol. The 2nd India Armada under Pedro Álvares Cabral had opened hostilities between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Zamorin of Calicut, the dominant maritime power on the Malabar Coast of India. The large and well-armed 4th Armada of 1502 led by Vasco da Gama had hoped, by means of strong show of force, but in spite of terror and blockade, the Zamorin had refused to yield.
The Zamorins defiance convinced Vasco da Gama that this was going to be a fight than he had anticipated, one that required more men. Gama delivered his report to Lisbon in 1503, too late to affect the outfitting of the 5th Armada, which had left under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque a few months earlier. As noted explicitly in his regimento, Lopo Soares de Albergaria was under orders to accept no peace with the Zamorin of Calicut. April 22,1504 - The 13 ships of the 6th Armada leave the Tagus estuary, may 2 - Ships arrive at the first collection point, Cape Verde
4.
14-inch M1920 railway gun
The 14-inch M1920 railway gun was the last large caliber railway gun to be deployed by the United States Army. It was an upgrade of the US Navy 14/50 caliber railway gun, after the close of World War I, the US Army wanted to incorporate the lessons learned from other railway gun mounts and fulfill coastal artillery requirements for hitting a moving target. An effort to design a universal mount for the Navys Mk. IV 14/50 caliber gun was undertaken, the primary difference from the earlier Navy versions lies in the M1920 carriage, which could be raised and lowered. Prepositioned fixed mounts were installed at the forts, and the rail trucks could be taken out from under the frame. After the removal of the trucks, the gun was lowered and bolted onto a pivot point for rapid 360 degree movement. The M1920 carriage made the gun much more flexible and it allowed for the standard practice of using a curved piece of rail to traverse the gun, and it enabled the gun to be used in a fixed position. Two guns were deployed to Fort MacArthur, the remaining two guns were deployed to Fort Grant and Fort Randolph in the Panama Canal Zone.
The two guns deployed to the Panama Canal Zone could be moved to either coast on the Panama Canal Railway. M1917MI panoramic telescope M1922 panoramic telescope M1 generating unit M1 powder car M1 projectile car M2 fire control car M1918 repair car All four guns were cut up for scrap in 1946, american Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide, Second Edition
5.
3d Airlift Squadron
The 3rd Airlift Squadron is a squadron of the 436th Airlift Wing of the USAF. It is based at Dover Air Force Base near Dover, the 3d Airlift Squadron goes back to the days of World War II when it was activated at Pope Field, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in March 1942, as a ferrying squadron. During the war, the 3rd was stationed at Chabau, Upper Assam, later, it transferred to the India-China Wing of the Air Transport Command and carried supplies and equipment back and forth across the treacherous Hump. The squadron was disbanded in late 1943, in June 1958, the squadron moved to Charleston AFB, South Carolina, where it continued to fly C-124s until August 1965, when it transitioned into jets with the arrival of the first C-141 Starlifter. In June 1970, the 3rd Military Airlift Squadron received the first operational C-5 Galaxy to be assigned to a Military Airlift Command flying organization, three years later, the 3rd was transferred to its present home with the 436th Airlift Wing at Dover AFB.
Aircrews of the 3rd AS flew support missions for French troops in the Zaire peacekeeping effort, for their efforts, they were co-recipients with a 9th MAS crew of the Mackay Trophy for the 1978 airlift operation. The 3rd has proven itself and the C-5 to be highly mission-ready by setting AMC records for departure reliability, in 1986, the 3rd received the 436th Military Airlift Wings Flying Eagle award four times for having the highest percentage of on-time departures. In April 1988, a 3rd MAS crew, overcoming the difficulties of flying into unfamiliar territory, airlifted drilling equipment into Semipolitinsk, the mission was part of a joint nuclear weapons detonation monitoring agreement signed by the United States and the Soviet Union. The crew was awarded the Mackay Trophy for the most meritorious flight of the year. The 3rd AS continues its history and support of AMC by flying humanitarian and contingency missions into such places as Southwest Asia, Rwanda. The 3rd AS participated in the first-ever six-ship formation flights of C-5’s in support of the Strategic Brigade Airdrop Test, in October 2003 a crew from the 3rd Airlift Squadron landed the first C-5 Galaxy in Iraq at Baghdad International Airport.
Until 2004 the unit was the only Special Operations Low Level SOLL capable unit to fly the C-5 Galaxy and this capability was transferred to the smaller and more modern C-17 in 2001. In 2007 the 3rd AS transitioned from operation of the C-5 Galaxy to the newer C-17 Globemaster III. afhra. af. mil/. Mueller, Air Force Bases Volume I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History,1989 3d Airlift Squadron AFHRA History
6.
11th Attack Squadron
The US Air Force 11th Reconnaissance Squadron flies MQ-1 Predator unmanned aerial vehicles and is currently stationed at Creech Air Force Base in Indian Springs, Nevada. The 11th oversees the training of pilots and sensor operators assigned to the MQ-1, the 11th Reconnaissance Squadron is the U. S. The squadron was first activated as the 11th Observation Squadron at Wheeler-Sack Field in early 1942 and it initially operated in the southeastern United States under Third Air Force flying antisubmarine patrols along the Gulf Coast after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. It trained personnel in aerial reconnaissance, medium bombardment, and fighter techniques, after the war it was assigned to Shaw Field, South Carolina, and was never fully equipped or manned. The 11th was reactivated at Langley Field, Virginia in 1947 and equipped with Douglas RB-26 Invaders and it was reassigned to Twelfth Air Force and moved to March Air Force Base, California. Budget constraints, resulted in the units inactivation in March 1949, in 1957 the squadron received twelve Douglas RB-66C Destroyer electronic intelligence gathering planes.
It was activated as a McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II reconnaissance squadron in 1966 under Tactical Air Command, the squadron deployed to Thailand shortly after formation, flying tactical reconnaissance missions primarily over North Vietnam and selected locations in Laos and Cambodia. The squadron provided much of the aerial photographic intelligence obtained during the Vietnam War, the unit was reactivated at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in 1971 as a Ryan AQM-34 Firebee unmanned tactical reconnaissance drone squadron. Performed photographic reconnaissance to tactical air and surface forces with tactical drones manufactured by Ryan Aeronautical. It used AQM-34L/M/V drones, Lockheed DC-130 Hercules launch vehicles, the group conducted follow-on testing and evaluation of the AQM-34V model drone and the initial operational testing and evaluation and developmental testing and evaluation of the DC-130H mother ship. The unit was inactivated in 1979, the squadron Provided real-time intelligence support to the 11th Tactical Control Wing and Eleventh Air Force from 1992 to 1994.
In 1996 it became the first unmanned aerial vehicle squadron in the USAF and it provided deployable, long-endurance, aerial reconnaissance and surveillance while flying the Predator UAV, 1996-2002. It began to conducte flying training in the Predator in 2003, reactivated on 29 July 1995, at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, under command of the 57th Operations Group, 57th Wing. afhra. af. mil/. Maurer, Maurer, ed. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, washington, DC, Office of Air Force History. Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems, vol.2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Washington, DC, Office of Air Force History
7.
16th Airborne Command and Control Squadron
The 16th Airborne Command and Control Squadron is a unit of Air Combat Command of the United States Air Force, and flies the E-8C Joint STARS. Its parent unit is the 461st Air Control Wing, located at Robins Air Force Base, the 16 ACCS operates the E-8C Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System, an advanced ground surveillance and battle management system. J-STARS detects, classifies and targets ground movements on the battlefield, the squadron was first activated as the 380th Fighter Squadron, part of IV Fighter Command in early 1943. It engaged in the air defense of the San Francisco area as well as acting as a Replacement Training Unit until the end of 1943 and it trained as a North American P-51 Mustang operational squadron before deploying to the European Theater of Operations. In Europe it became part of IX Fighter Command in England, operated both as a tactical fighter squadron, providing air support to Allied ground forces in France as well as an air defense squadron, attacking enemy aircraft in air-to-air combat over Europe.
The squadron was converted to a reconnaissance squadron in August 1944. It engaged in reconnaissance flights over enemy-controlled territory unarmed, gathering intelligence for Allied commanders until the end of combat in Europe. The unit advanced eastward across France using advanced landing grounds, into the Low Countries, the squadron remained in Germany as part of the occupation forces, returning to Langley Field, Virginia in June 1947. The unit remained assigned to Tactical Air Command as a reconnaissance squadron, the squadron was inactivated in 1949. In 1950 the squadron was activated again at Langley, now designated the 16th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. It moved to Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina in 1958 where it re-equipped with McDonnell RF-101C Voodoo reconnaissance aircraft, the squadron deployed to south Florida in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis, flying hazardous overflights over Cuba gathering intelligence photos. The unit upgraded to the McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II in 1965 and it operated a flight of Martin EB-57E Canberra electronic warfare aircraft.
It added Douglas EB-66 Destroyer jamming aircraft beginning in 1971 as part of the phaseout of the Destroyer at Shaw and it was the last USAF active duty B-57 squadron, retiring the aircraft in 1976 when F-4G Phantom IIs took over its mission. The 16th remained the single RF-4C squadron at Shaw after the 1982 realignment of its parent 363d from a reconnaissance to tactical fighter wing. The squadron was reactivated as the 16th Airborne Command and Control Squadron in 1996 at Robins Air Force Base, Maurer, ed. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II. Washington, DC, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. US Air Force Air Power Directory
8.
11th Air Refueling Squadron
The 11th Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 340th Air Refueling Wing, stationed at Altus AFB and it was inactivated on 1 October 1994. During World War II the squadron trained crews and technicians for photographic reconnaissance and mapping and it won numerous wards for its operational performance, including the Saunders Trophy for Outstanding Air Refueling Unit in 1970 and 1971. It was upgraded in 1965 to the KC-135 Stratotanker jet, about one-half of squadron personnel formed a rear echelon at Altus AFB. The forward echelon manned the 4101st Air Refueling Squadron, some 11th ARS personnel were returning to Altus AFB on 4 November 1972, but some of the squadron remained on temporary duty in SEA. By January 1973 about half of the 11th’s KC-135s had returned and by June 1973 all aircraft, the 11th continued its normal SEA support as well as its many other global commitments. The squadron refueled its first C-5 Galaxy on 1 May 1974, the new group was assigned to the 19th Air Division and the 11th to the group.
On 19 September 1985 the 11th Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the 11th Combat Mapping Squadron and this action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF/MPM 662q Attachment 1,19 September 1985. The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 11th Air Refueling Squadron, the squadron was inactivated in 1994 as part of the drawdown of the USAF after the end of the Cold War. afhra. af. mil/. Maurer, Maurer, ed. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, washington, DC, Office of Air Force History. Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977, washington, DC, Office of Air Force History
9.
6th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival
The 6th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was held from July 9 until 18,2010 in Metro Manila, Philippines. The film entries were categorized as full-length feature and short films, the prize money and awards included ₱200,000 and the Balanghai Trophy for the outstanding full feature film and ₱100,000 and a Balanghai Trophy for the best short film. The best director category carried a purse of ₱300,000, films by Filipino directors having directed three full-length commercial feature films took part as strong contenders. The winning film is highlighted with boldface and a dagger, the following films contending for 2010 Directors Showcase. The Directors Showcase sidebar is for directors who had presented commercially released films in their career, the following films contending for 2010 New Breed category. The New Breed section is for young and new talented filmmakers who will present their first feature film or directors who havent presented commercially released films in their career
10.
7 South African Infantry Battalion
7 South African Infantry Battalion is a motorised infantry unit of the South African Army. 7 SAI was established on October 1,1973 at Bourkes Luck, the first national servicemen began training in 1974. The unit would relocate to Phalaborwa in 1981, in 1983 the Units Bravo Coy was stationed at Rundu for Reaction Force Duties under the command of 202Bn for 6 months, were after they were posted to Nepara for a further 6-month deployment. In its deployment at Sector 107 SAI Bravo Company was involved in operations in Angola were some members were wounded in an incident involving a Soviet-made hand grenade during Ops Askari. The 1987 August intake of 7 SAI Alpha Company, was deployed to the area of Cuito Cuanavale. Alpha Company consisted of five infantry platoons as well as an 81 mm mortar platoon and was deployed to the side of the Cuito river for a period of 1 month. Alpha company flew from Rundu airport, landing at Mavinga and was driven in vehicles to its operational deployment areas, during its time of deployment, various platoons were allocated as mechanised infantry while the remainder formed a base camp sending out roving patrols in the area.
After one month of 7 SAIs deployment in Angola, peace accords were signed and Alpha Company,7 SAI, was withdrawn from Angola to a camp in Rundu. Notable mention should be made of the efforts of Corporal Beukes, Mortar Platoon fire team leader, Beukes ensured that the Alpha Company,7 SAI column of vehicles was able to drive 600 km from Cuito to Rundu without a loss of a vehicle. 7 SAI changed from a unit to a rear area protection unit when 113 SAI became part of the unit. It became part of the Rapid Deployment Force during November 1994,7 SAI took part in Operation Boleas in 1998 in Lesotho to restore order after an army coup. In 2002, the took part in the UN/AU peace mission, Operation Fibre to restore stability in Burundi. SANDF’s Motorised Infantry is transported mostly by Samil trucks, Mamba APC’s or other un-protected motor vehicles, Samil 20,50 and 100 trucks transport soldiers, towing guns, and carrying equipment and supplies. Samil trucks are all-wheel drive, in order to have vehicles that function reliably in extremes of weather and terrain
11.
1Q84
1Q84 is a dystopian novel written by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami, first published in three volumes in Japan in 2009–10. The novel quickly became a sensation, with its first printing selling out the day it was released, an excerpt from the novel, Town of Cats, appeared in the September 5,2011 issue of The New Yorker magazine. The first chapter of 1Q84 has read as an excerpt at Selected Shorts. The novel was published in Japan in three hardcover volumes by Shinchosha. Book 1 and Book 2 were both published on May 29,2009, Book 3 was published on April 16,2010. In English translation, Knopf published the novel in the United States in a volume on October 25,2011. The cover for the box-set, featuring a transparent dust jacket, was created by Chip Kidd, in the United Kingdom the novel was published by Harvill Secker in two volumes. The first volume, containing Books 1 and 2, was published on October 18,2011, followed by the volume, containing Book 3. Murakami spent four years writing the novel after coming up with the opening sequence, the title is a play on the Japanese pronunciation of the year 1984 and a reference to George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four.
The letter Q and the Japanese number 9 are homophones, which are used in Japanese wordplay. Before the publication of 1Q84, Murakami stated that he would not reveal anything about the book, 1Q84 was noted for heavy advance orders despite this secrecy. A verse from the 1933 song Its Only a Paper Moon by Harold Arlen, E. Y. Harburg and Billy Rose, in addition, Murakami refers to more contemporary artists such as Billie Holiday, Charles Mingus and The Rolling Stones. The text quotes a passage about the Gilyak people from the travel diary Sakhalin Island by Anton Chekhov. In accordance with many of Murakamis novels, 1Q84 is dominated by religious, 1Q84s plot is built around a mystical cult and two long-lost lovers who are drawn into a distorted version of reality. 1Q84 serves as a culmination of many of his prior works, 1Q84 draws a connection between the supernatural and the disturbing. Readers are often cited as experiencing a religious unease that is similar to postmodern sensibilities, religious othering is a major theme in 1Q84, as Murakami places sacred ideas as existing separately from everyday reality.
The book opens with a character named Aomame as she catches a taxi in Tokyo on her way to a work assignment. Aomame makes her way to a hotel in Shibuya, where she poses as an attendant in order to kill a hotel guest
12.
15th Attack Squadron
15th Reconnaissance Squadron flies MQ-1 Predator UAVs and is stationed at Creech Air Force Base in Indian Springs, Nevada. The 15th Reconnaissance Squadron is one of the first armed Remotely Piloted Aircraft squadrons, the squadron provides combatant commanders with persistent ISR, full-motion video, and precision weapons employment. The mission of the 15 RS is to provide theater commander with deployable, long endurance, near real-time reconnaissance, the squadron operates medium altitude multi-sensor platforms to locate and report battlefield conditions to warfighters. It collects and distributes imagery and intelligence products to theater CINCs, the 15th Reconnaissance Squadrons origins go back to 8 May 1917, when it was stood up as the 2d Aviation School Squadron at Hazelhurst Field, Long Island, New York. The original mission of the squadron was part of the force for the New York City area, flying coastal patrols. At the end of World War I, the squadron was demobilized on 18 September 1919, the squadron was constituted in the Army Air Service as the 15th Squadron on 14 March 1921 at Chanute Field, equipped with Dayton-Wright DH-4s.
The main focus of the squadron was flying training, including gunnery, reconnaissance, radio familiarization, on 20 March 1938, the 15th Observation Squadron deployed from Scott Field, Illinois, to Eglin Field, for two weeks of gunnery training. Thirty-five officers and 108 enlisted men were involved, during the early stages of World War II, the 15th supported the Field Artillery School in Oklahoma. On March 26,1944, the deployed to England. Its first combat mission was photographic reconnaissance on an F-6, on June 6,1944, the 15th received credit for the first aerial victory by a tactical reconnaissance pilot as well as the first victory of D-Day. The unit continued armed reconnaissance operations in the European theater until July 1945, after returning to the United States, the squadron provided visual and photographic reconnaissance and artillery adjustments for Army and Air Forces until it was inactivated in April 1949. The 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Photo-jet, was reactivated on Feb 5,1951, in Japan and immediately deployed to Korea to provide visual, the unit flew F/RF-80s and F/RF-85s during this period.
In March 1954 the unit moved back to Japan and in August 1956, the unit transitioned to RF-84s from 1956-1958 and to the RF-101s, continuing its long history of photographic reconnaissance. During the Vietnam era the 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was based at Kadena Air Base, the unit had many deployments to Southeast Asia, flying reconnaissance missions in support of US combat operations in that theatre. During the summer and fall of 1966, the squadron transitioned to the RF-4C, during the 1970s and 1980s, the squadron maintained aerial surveillance capabilities in support of American ground and air forces in the Far East. The 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was inactivated Oct.1,1990, the unit was reactivated as the 15th Tactical Intelligence Squadron on Feb.20,1991. On April 13,1992, the unit was redesignated as the 15th Air Intelligence Squadron, on June 1,1994, it was once more inactivated. The unit was reactivated on 1 August 1997, at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field under command of the 57th Operations Group and it was assigned to fly the Predator UAV out of Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, Nevada
