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Category:December

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December is the twelfth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar.

This category is for individual days in December, the month of December in recent years, and things that are strongly associated with December.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to December.

Subcategories

This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

D

► December in the Eastern Orthodox calendar‎ (31 P)

E

► December events‎ (221 C, 39 P)

Pages in category "December"

The following 123 pages are in this category, out of 123 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

December

0–9

RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS

1. Month – A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which is approximately as long as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon, month and Moon are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of phases, such months are synodic months. From excavated tally sticks, researchers have deduced that people counted days in relation to the Moons phases as early as the Paleolithic age. Synodic months, based on the Moons orbital period with respect to the Earth-Sun line, are still the basis of many calendars today, the following types of months are mainly of significance in astronomy, most of them first recognized in Babylonian lunar astronomy. The sidereal month is defined as the Moons orbital period in a frame of reference. The exact duration of the period cannot be easily determined. However, it is equal to the time it takes the Moon to pass twice a fixed star. A synodic month is the most familiar lunar cycle, defined as the interval between two consecutive occurrences of a particular phase as seen by an observer on Earth. The mean length of the month is 29.53059 days. Due to the eccentricity of the orbit around Earth, the length of a synodic month can vary by up to seven hours. The tropical month is the time for the Moon to pass twice through the same equinox point of the sky. It is 27.32158 days, very slightly shorter than the sidereal month days, unlike the sidereal month, it can be measured precisely. An anomalistic month is the time the Moon takes to go from perigee to perigee - the point in the Moons orbit when it is closest to Earth. An anomalistic month is about 27.55455 days on average and its duration is about 27.21222 days on average. A synodic month is longer than a month because the Earth-Moon system is orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Moon is orbiting the Earth. The Sun moves eastward with respect to the stars and it takes about 2.2 days longer for the Moon to return to the apparent position with respect to the Sun. An anomalistic month is longer than a month because the perigee moves in the same direction as the Moon is orbiting the Earth. Therefore, the Moon takes a longer to return to perigee than to return to the same star

2. 12 (number) – 12 is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. The product of the first three factorials, twelve is a highly composite number, divisible by 2,3,4. It is central to systems of counting, including the Western calendar and units of time. The word twelve is the largest number with a name in English. Such uses gradually disappeared with the introduction of Arabic numerals during the 12th-century Renaissance and it derives from the Old English twelf and tuelf, first attested in the 10th-century Lindisfarne Gospels Book of John. It has cognates in every Germanic language, whose Proto-Germanic ancestor has been reconstructed as *twaliƀi, from *twa and suffix *-lif- or *-liƀ- of uncertain meaning. It is sometimes compared with the Lithuanian dvýlika, although -lika is used as the suffix for all numbers from 11 to 19, every other Indo-European language instead uses a form of two+ten, such as the Latin duōdecim. The usual ordinal form is twelfth but dozenth or duodecimal is also used in some contexts, similarly, a group of twelve things is usually a dozen but may also be referred to as a duodecad. The adjective referring to a group of twelve is duodecuple, as with eleven, the earliest forms of twelve are often considered to be connected with Proto-Germanic *liƀan or *liƀan, with the implicit meaning that two is left after having already counted to ten. The Lithuanian suffix is also considered to share a similar development, the suffix *-lif- has also been connected with reconstructions of the Proto-Germanic for ten. While, as mentioned above,12 has its own name in Germanic languages such as English and German, it is a number in many other languages, e. g. Italian dodici. In Germany, according to an old tradition, the numbers 0 through 12 were spelt out, the Duden now calls this tradition outdated and no longer valid, but many writers still follow it. Another system spells out all numbers written in one or two words, Twelve is a composite number, the smallest number with exactly six divisors, its divisors being 1,2,3,4,6 and 12. Twelve is also a composite number, the next one being twenty-four. Twelve is also a highly composite number, the next one being sixty. It is the first composite number of the form p2q, a square-prime,12 has an aliquot sum of 16. Accordingly,12 is the first abundant number and demonstrates an 8-member aliquot sequence,12 is the 3rd composite number in the 3-aliquot tree, the only number which has 12 as its aliquot sum is the square 121. Only 2 other square primes are abundant, Twelve is a sublime number, a number that has a perfect number of divisors, and the sum of its divisors is also a perfect number

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