1.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
2.
!!!
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. is a dance-punk band that formed in Sacramento, California, in 1996 by lead singer Nic Offer. Came from other bands such as The Yah Mos, Black Liquorice. They are currently based in New York City, Sacramento, and Portland, the bands sixth full-length album, As If, was released in October 2015. is an American band formed in the summer of 1995 by the merger of part of the group Black Liquorice and Popesmashers. After a successful joint tour, the two decided to mix the disco-funk with more aggressive sounds and integrate the hardcore singer Nic Offer from the Yah Mos. The bands name was inspired by the subtitles of the movie The Gods Must Be Crazy, however, as the bandmembers themselves say. Is pronounced by repeating thrice any monosyllabic sound, Chk Chk Chk is the most common pronunciation, and the URL of their official website and the title of their Myspace page suggest it is the preferred pronunciation. The bands full-length debut record out in 2000 as a self-titled album on the label Gold Standard Laboratories. A second full-length, Louden Up Now, was released on Touch and Go in America, released a new EP covering Take Ecstasy with Me by The Magnetic Fields, and Get Up by Nate Dogg. The following December, the drummer for the band, Mikel Gius, was struck. They released their album, Myth Takes in 2007. is composed of Mario Andreoni, Dan Gorman, Nic Offer, Tyler Pope. Touring members include Shannon Funchess and Paul Quattrone, the band also shared membership with the similar, defunct group Out Hud. Vocalist and drummer John Pugh officially left the band in July 2007 to concentrate on his new band Free Blood, Shannon Funchess stood in for Pugh during much of their 2007 tour. GSL26/LAB SERIES VOL.2 Live Live Live Take Ecstasy with Me/Get Up Yadnus Jamie, stereolad, a Stereolab cover band side project, containing the members of
3.
United Nations Charter
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The Charter of the United Nations of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization. It was signed at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945, as a charter, it is a constituent treaty, and all members are bound by its articles. Furthermore, Article 103 of the Charter states that obligations to the United Nations prevail over all other treaty obligations, most countries in the world have now ratified the Charter. The Charter consists of a preamble and a series of articles grouped into chapters, the preamble consists of two principal parts. The first part contains a call for the maintenance of peace and international security. Chapter I sets forth the purposes of the United Nations, including the important provisions of the maintenance of international peace, Chapter II defines the criteria for membership in the United Nations. Chapters III–XV, the bulk of the document, describe the organs and institutions of the UN, Chapters XVI and Chapter XVII describe arrangements for integrating the UN with established international law. Chapters XVIII and Chapter XIX provide for amendment and ratification of the Charter, all Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter. All Members shall settle their disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter, the Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected for a term of two years, a retiring member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative, FUNCTIONS and POWERS Article 241. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations, the specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XII. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration, Article 25 The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote, decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to function continuously, each member of the Security Council shall for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the Organization. The Security Council may hold meetings at places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facilitate its work. Article 29 The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions, Article 30 The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President
4.
I Corps (United States)
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I Corps Americas Corps is a corps of the United States Army headquartered in Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington. It is a formation of United States Army Forces Command. I Corps current mission is part of the United States Asia-Pacific Shift, the Pacific Rim Rebalance will involve several combined and joint military exercises in Japan, Korea, Thailand, Philippines, and Australia. Part of I Corps objectives for these exercises will be Joint Task Force certification in support of United States Pacific Command missions, activated in World War I in France, I Corps oversaw US Army divisions as they repelled several major German offensives and led them into Germany. The corps was deactivated following the end of the war, reactivated for service in World War II, the corps took command of divisions in the south Pacific, leading US and Australian forces as they pushed the Japanese army out of New Guinea. It went on to be one of the leading elements in the Battle of Luzon. It then took charge as one of the headquarters in the occupation of Japan. Following the end of the war, it remained in Korea for almost 20 years guarding the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Active today, the acts as a subordinate headquarters of United States Army Forces Command. Assisted by the French XXXII Corps, the headquarters was organized and trained, on 20 January, in February, the corps consisted of the 1st, 2nd, 26th, 32nd, 41st, and 42nd Infantry Divisions. From February to July,1918, the German Army launched four major offensives, attempting to secure victory before the full American forces could be mobilized. The final offensive, started in July 1918, was an attempt to cross the Marne, in the area of Château-Thierry, but I Corps and other formations on the American lines held, and the attack was rebuffed. Then followed another period on the defense in Lorraine as preparations advanced for what was to be the final Allied offensive of the war, on 26 September, I Corps troops began the attack northward that opened the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. From that day until 11 November 1918 when the war ended, the I Corps shoulder sleeve insignia was first worn by members of I Corps after approval from the AEF on 3 December 1918, but it was not officially approved until 1922. I Corps continued to train in France, until it was demobilized on 25 March 1919, also assigned to the corps were the French 62nd, 167th and 5th Cavalry Divisions. On 15 August 1927, XX Corps was reconstituted in the Regular Army, two months later, on 13 October 1927, the XX Corps was redesignated as I Corps. However, the headquarters remained inactive during peacetime, until the US Armys buildup following the outbreak of War in Europe. On 1 November 1940, I Corps was reactivated at Columbia, for the next nine months, the corps supervised training and large scale divisional maneuvers
5.
1LIVE
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1LIVE is a radio network by the Westdeutscher Rundfunk public broadcasting corporation in Germany. It specialises in popular music aimed at the 14-39 age bracket, the average age of listeners is 34. On 1 April 1995 1LIVE was first aired, 1LIVE was supposed to replace WDR1, as its audience was ageing, by a real juvenile radio-station. On 1 September 2000 1LIVE was relaunched, between 2 pm and 8 pm the programme was not subdivided into different shows but was the name of the day and the number of the current hour, for example, Eins Live - Donnerstag - Achtzehn. All shows broadcast after 8 pm had a name, mondays to Thursdays the show was called Kultkomplex playing music apart the mainstream. Sundays the show Heimatkult was broadcast introducing bands from the broadcasting area, on 5 January 2007 1LIVE was relaunched again. From now on all shows between 5 am and 6 pm had the hosts name, between 6 pm and 8 pm a new call-in-show Der Sektor is broadcast. Up to 2.9 million people listen to 1LIVE every day, every second person under an age of 30 in 1LIVEs broadcasting area North Rhine-Westphalia, which is named Sektor, listens to 1LIVE at least once a day. Since 2007 the shows between 5 am and 8 pm are named by their hosts, here can be listened to mainstream music, during the show Plan B 1LIVE plays songs apart the mainstream. At night there is a thriller, kind of talk. 1LIVE diggi is a channel without any host and commercials and it broadcasts music, comedy and news and can be received over the Internet as Stream, DAB, DVB-S and DVB-C. Its music playlist is updated every week, on 4 October 2006 1LIVE Kunst, a channel that dealt with cultural topics and demanding pop music, was launched. At 3,15 pm a four-hour programme was broadcast which was repeated until next afternoon, 1LIVE Kunst could only be received via Internet Stream. 1LIVE Kunst was discontinued in 2009, 1LIVE Kunst combined alternative music with contributions produced by WDR2, WDR3, WDR5 and itself. 1LIVE organises several parties and concerts in its broadcasting area, among other things the festival 1LIVE Königstreffen, the music award 1LIVE Krone for German artists and the newcomer-festival Das erste Mal. Besides, they arrange several concerts broadcast over the radio and many more, 1LIVE broadcasts and organizes so called radio concerts with famous musicians like Green Day, Kings of Leon and The Kooks. Fans can get tickets for these concerts only by a lottery on 1LIVEs website, von WDR1 zu Eins Live, öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk im Wandel. Paragon-Verlag, Bochum 1998, ISBN 3-932872-02-9 Official website 1LIVE - Listen Live
6.
1Q84
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1Q84 is a dystopian novel written by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami, first published in three volumes in Japan in 2009–10. The novel quickly became a sensation, with its first printing selling out the day it was released, an excerpt from the novel, Town of Cats, appeared in the September 5,2011 issue of The New Yorker magazine. The first chapter of 1Q84 has also read as an excerpt at Selected Shorts. The novel was published in Japan in three hardcover volumes by Shinchosha. Book 1 and Book 2 were both published on May 29,2009, Book 3 was published on April 16,2010. In English translation, Knopf published the novel in the United States in a volume on October 25,2011. The cover for the box-set, featuring a transparent dust jacket, was created by Chip Kidd, in the United Kingdom the novel was published by Harvill Secker in two volumes. The first volume, containing Books 1 and 2, was published on October 18,2011, followed by the volume, containing Book 3. Murakami spent four years writing the novel after coming up with the opening sequence, the title is a play on the Japanese pronunciation of the year 1984 and a reference to George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. The letter Q and the Japanese number 9 are homophones, which are used in Japanese wordplay. Before the publication of 1Q84, Murakami stated that he would not reveal anything about the book, 1Q84 was noted for heavy advance orders despite this secrecy. A verse from the 1933 song Its Only a Paper Moon by Harold Arlen, E. Y. Harburg and Billy Rose, in addition, Murakami refers to more contemporary artists such as Billie Holiday, Charles Mingus and The Rolling Stones. The text also quotes a passage about the Gilyak people from the travel diary Sakhalin Island by Anton Chekhov. In accordance with many of Murakamis novels, 1Q84 is dominated by religious, 1Q84s plot is built around a mystical cult and two long-lost lovers who are drawn into a distorted version of reality. 1Q84 serves as a culmination of many of his prior works, 1Q84 draws a connection between the supernatural and the disturbing. Readers are often cited as experiencing a religious unease that is similar to postmodern sensibilities, religious othering is a major theme in 1Q84, as Murakami places sacred ideas as existing separately from everyday reality. The book opens with a character named Aomame as she catches a taxi in Tokyo on her way to a work assignment. Aomame makes her way to a hotel in Shibuya, where she poses as an attendant in order to kill a hotel guest
7.
1st Cavalry Division (United States)
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The 1st Cavalry Division is a combined arms division and is one of the most decorated combat divisions of the United States Army, as well as the other four branches of the U. S. military. It is based at Fort Hood, Texas, as of 2013, the 1st Cavalry Division is subordinate to III Corps and is commanded by Major General John C. Thomson III. The history of the 1st Cavalry Division began in 1921 after the established a permanent cavalry division table of organization. Since 1st Cavalry Division was to assemble from existing units, it was able to go active in September 1921, even though the subordinate units did not arrive completely until as late as 1922. 1st Cavalry Division was assigned to the VIII Corps Area, with its headquarters and 2d Brigade located at Fort Bliss, Texas. The 1st Cavalry Division’s assembled at Douglas, Arizona, the 1st, 7th, and 8th Cavalry Regiments had previously been assigned to the wartime 15th Cavalry Division until they were returned to the VIII Corps Area troop list on 12 May 1918. 1st Cavalry Regiment remained assigned until it was transferred to 1st Cavalry Division on 20 August 1921 and this controversy continued until 18 December 1922, when the 5th Cavalry Regiment, then on the VIII Corps Area Troop List, swapped places with the 10th Cavalry Regiment. In 1923 the 1st Cavalry Division held division maneuvers for the first time, however, financial constraints made that impossible. Only in 1927, through the generosity of a few ranchers who provided land, was the division able to conduct such exercises again. In 1928 Major General Herbert B, crosby, Chief of Cavalry, faced with personnel cuts, reorganized the cavalry regiments, which in turn reduced the size of the 1st Cavalry Division. Crosbys goal was to decrease overhead while maintaining or increasing firepower in the regiment, the cavalry brigades machine gun squadrons were inactivated, while the responsibility for training and employing machine guns fell to the regimental commanders, as in the infantry. The new structure increased the size of the troop, expanded the medical unit to a squadron. A divisional aviation section, an armored car squadron, and tank company were added, the artillery battalion was expanded to a regiment. With the arrival of the 1930s, serious work started on the testing and refining of new equipment, to facilitate this, 1st Cavalry Division traded 1st Cavalry Regiment for 12th Cavalry Regiment on 3 January 1933. Like the 1937 infantry division test, the maneuvers concentrated on the cavalry regiments around which all other units were to be organized. The latter configuration allowed the division to deploy easily in two columns, which was accepted standard cavalry tactics, one headquarters would assume responsibility for the administration and disciplinary control for these forces. The special troops remained as structured in 1928, and no observation squadron or chemical detachment found a place in the division, with the paper changes in the cavalry divisions and other minor adjustments, the strength of a wartime divisional rose to 10,680. In order to prepare for war service, 1st Cavalry Division participated in the maneuvers, Toyahvale
8.
2 Pallas
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Pallas, minor-planet designation 2 Pallas, is the second asteroid to have been discovered, and is one of the largest asteroids in the Solar System. With an estimated 7% of the mass of the belt, it is the third-most-massive asteroid. It is 512 kilometers in diameter, somewhat smaller than Vesta and it is likely a remnant protoplanet. When Pallas was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers on 28 March 1802, it was counted as a planet, the discovery of many more asteroids after 1845 eventually led to their reclassification. Pallass surface is most likely composed of a material, its spectrum. It was formerly considered a dwarf planet for its size. In 1801, the astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovered an object which he believed to be a comet. Shortly thereafter he announced his observations of this object, noting that the slow, uniform motion was uncharacteristic of a comet, suggesting it was a different type of object. This was lost from sight for months, but was recovered later that year by the Baron von Zach and Heinrich W. M. Olbers after a preliminary orbit was computed by Carl Friedrich Gauss. This object came to be named Ceres, and was the first asteroid to be discovered, a few months later, Olbers was again attempting to locate Ceres when he noticed another moving object in the vicinity. This was the asteroid Pallas, coincidentally passing near Ceres at the time, the discovery of this object created interest in the astronomy community. Before this point it had been speculated by astronomers that there should be a planet in the gap between Mars and Jupiter, now, unexpectedly, a second such body had been found. When Pallas was discovered, some estimates of its size were as high as 3,380 km in diameter, even as recently as 1979, Pallas was estimated to be 673 km in diameter, 26% greater than the currently accepted value. The orbit of Pallas was determined by Gauss, who found the period of 4.6 years was similar to the period for Ceres, Pallas has a relatively high orbital inclination to the plane of the ecliptic. In 1917, the Japanese astronomer Kiyotsugu Hirayama began to study asteroid motions, by plotting the mean orbital motion, inclination and eccentricity of a set of asteroids, he discovered several distinct groupings. In a later paper he reported a group of three associated with Pallas, which became named the Pallas family, after the largest member of the group. Since 1994 more than 10 members of family have been identified. The validity of this grouping was confirmed in 2002 by a comparison of their spectra and these resulted in the first accurate measurements of its diameter
9.
2 Brothers on the 4th Floor
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2 Brothers on the 4th Floor is a Dutch musical group created in 1990 by brothers Martin and Bobby Boer. The group has had success in countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Czech Republic, Norway, Finland, South Africa, Chile, Israel, the United States. The most recent members of 2 Brothers on the 4th Floor are Martin and Bobby Boer, Dutch singer Désirée Claudette Manders, the brothers then brought together rapper Da Smooth Baron MC and singers Peggy The Duchess and Gale Robinson to form their stage act. The release of their single, Turn Da Music Up was somewhat less successful. 2 Brothers on the 4th Floor made two hit singles together before separating,2 Brothers on the 4th Floor was revived by the Boer brothers in 1993. Bobby joined Martin in his studio and, after some time and this single was the first to be launched with rapper D-Rock and singer Desirée Manders. The song Dreams, which the song of the bands first album, was a song that captured the essence of Eurodance. Due to the genres popularity when the song was released in 1994, the bands renewed style and concept was accepted well by Dutch audience. Never Alone topped the charts for weeks and went gold, Dreams, the bands subsequent single, went straight to number one and remained on the charts for weeks and Let Me Be Free, its successor, remained in the top ten nationally for some time. In 1995 and 1996,2 Brothers on the 4th Floor further widened their success with the singles Fly, Come Take My Hand and Fairytales and these singles topped the charts in various European countries. At the end of 1996, the released the single Theres a Key. After 2, the band shifted styles and first recorded the single One Day, afterwards, they returned to their previous Eurodance style with the single Im Thinkin of U. In March 1998,2 Brothers on the 4th Floor released the single Do U Know, at the beginning of the fall of 1998, the single The Sun Will Be Shining was released. It contains remixes by Mark van Dale & Enrico, Dance Therapy, packaged with The Sun Will Be Shining was a CD-ROM featuring the videos of The Sun Will Be Shining and The Making Of. On February 5,1999, the single Heaven Is Here was released, october 29 of that year saw the release of the single Living In Cyberspace. On June 16,2000, the single Wonderful Feeling was released, on June 29,2001, the single Stand Up And Live was released. 2 Brother on the 4th Floor never released its third album due to problems with, among other things, currently, the band is touring since 2006. They just released The Very Best of in April 2016, desRay has a solo career, and D-Rock is working with the band E-Life
10.
2 Chainz
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Tauheed Epps, known professionally as 2 Chainz, is a Grammy award-winning American rapper from College Park, Georgia. He initially gained recognition for being one-half of the Southern hip hop duo Playaz Circle, alongside his friend and fellow rapper. They are perhaps best known for being signed to fellow Georgia-based rapper Ludacris Disturbing tha Peace label, in February 2012, Epps signed a solo record deal with Def Jam Records, an imprint of Universal Music Group. The following August, he released his studio album Based on a T. R. U. II, Me Time was released on September 11,2013 and it was supported by the singles Feds Watching and Used 2. 2 Chainz was born Tauheed Epps in College Park, Georgia and he attended North Clayton High School, where he played basketball and graduated second in his class. While in high school, he dealt marijuana and was arrested for cocaine possession when he was 15 years old. He later attended Alabama State University on a scholarship, and played on its team for the 1996–97 season. Theres a lot of stuff on there, to the point that every time I try to fix one thing, something else comes out. In fact, he attended Alabama State for his freshman year only, I got into some trouble, went somewhere else, and came back. But I graduated, and that’s that, Epps formed the hip hop duo Playaz Circle in College Park, Georgia in 1997, with his high school friend Earl Conyers, while Epps adopted Tity Boi as his moniker. After taking interest in Playaz Circle, Ludacris began to record songs with the group. Ludacris soon became one of the rappers in the Southern United States. After hearing of their situation, Ludacris requested of Epps that the duo join his newly formed record label Disturbing Tha Peace, Epps agreed to sign, although Conyers did not officially join the label until his mother regained her health, a year after the initial signing. Their debut album Supply & Demand, was released on October 30,2007, the lead single and their debut single, Duffle Bag Boy, became an urban hit single. The song features Lil Wayne, and was performed by the duo at the BET Hip Hop Awards, the duo released their second studio album Flight 360, The Takeoff, on September 29,2009. In January 2010, Playaz Circle filmed a video for their single Big Dawg featuring Lil Wayne. Shortly afterwards, Epps left Disturbing tha Peace, a move he claimed was taken in order to advance his career, although Ludacris was initially reluctant to allow Epps to leave the label, he eventually accepted the decision
11.
The 2i's Coffee Bar
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The 2is Coffee Bar was a coffee bar on Old Compton Street in Soho, London, that was open from 1956 to 1970. It played a role in the emergence of Britains pop music culture in the late 1950s. The name of the 2is derived from earlier owners, Freddie and Sammy Irani and it was then taken over by Paul Lincoln – an Australian wrestler and wrestling promoter known as Dr. Death – and Ray Hunter. They opened it as a bar on 22 April 1956. Tom Littlewood, previously its doorman and an instructor, became its manager in 1958. The basement of the bar had live music making use of a small. Lincoln and Hunter started putting on skiffle groups, the first resident group were the Vipers, the coffee bar allowed standing room for about 20 people, and had a serving counter with an espresso coffee machine, orange juice dispenser, and sandwich display case. The coffee bar was run by Jon Vickers-Jones who was the assistant manager and he would help with setting up the stage area for the musicians and would often record them rehearsing on a Grundig Tape recorder. A door at the back led to the office. At one end was the small 18 inch stage made of milk crates with planks on top of them, there was just one microphone, left over from the Boer War, and some speakers up on the wall. In November 1956, Paul Lincoln opened a venue, The New 2I’s Club. According to an article in Time, skiffle was new to the UK, generally the musicians were paid with coffee and cokes. Evans later started the Angus Steak Houses from the bar, lionel Bart and Mickie Most worked there as waiters. Led Zeppelins manager, Peter Grant, was a bouncer at the 2is prior to his career in the music business and it later became the Dome Café Bar and then the Boulevard Bar. The site then became The House of Ho, a modern Vietnamese restaurant owned by world-renowned chef Bobby Chinn, every Sunday the restaurant holds Bobbys RocknRoll Brunch to celebrate the history of the site and its rock and roll roots. The House of Ho was rebranded HO and the branch closed, on 18 September 2006, a Green Plaque was unveiled at the site of the 2is Coffee Bar to commemorate its existence, and to celebrate 50 years of British rock and roll. Ringo Starr mentions the 2is Cafe – Thats where Tommy Steele would play – in the song Rory,2 Is Coffee Bar UK Studios by Joe Moretti Confessions of a Sixties Drummer by Carlo Little
12.
2 in a Room
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2 in a Room was an American hip hop, freestyle and hip house duo. The group, active between 1987 and 1995, consisted of rapper Rafael Dose Vargas and producer/remixer Roger Rog Nice Pauletta and they are best known for their 1990 hit single Wiggle It. It spent two weeks at #1 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart and then crossed over to mainstream radio, before that, they were known for a track called Do What You Want that got a lot of club and DJ play in New York and Chicago. El Trago was a #86 Billboard Hot 100 chart entry, and their first release in the UK was Somebody In The House Say Yeah. in the late part of 1989. They later changed their name to Fulanito, and style of music to merengue, Vargas, also known under Dose Material, was also member of 740 Boyz from 1991. In 1991, Alvin and the Chipmunks covered Wiggle It for their album The Chipmunks Rock the House, List of number-one dance hits List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart 2 In A Room at AllMusic 2 In A Room at Discogs
13.
2 June Movement
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2 June Movement was a West German violent non-state actor based in West Berlin. Active from 1971–1980, the anarchist group was one of the few violent groups at the time in West Germany, although 2 June Movement did not share the same ideology as the Red Army Faction, these extremist organizations were allies. The 2 June Movement did not establish as much influence in West Germany as their Marxist counterparts, rising from the ashes of political group Kommune 1 and violent extremist group Tupamaros West-Berlin,2 June Movement was formed in 1971. In contrast to the Red Army Faction,2 June Movement was anarchist and this organization derived their name from the date that German university student Benno Ohnesorg was killed by police in 1967. Participating in a protest of Germanys meeting with Iran, Ohnesorg was shot when the demonstrators were attacked by police and his death propelled the left-wing movement in West Germany, influencing politicians, political activists, and violent extremist groups. Although the organization never became particularly notorious,2 June Movement was most recognized in the first phase of German post-World War II terrorism, after forming in 1971, political activist Fritz Teufel became one of the leaders of the 2 June Movement. Originally taking part in Kommune 1, his take on revolutionary activity had him dubbed fun guerilla by the general public. In 1967, Teufel became a quasi-icon in West Germany after being arrested, charged with treason and the attempted assassination of United States Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Teufel was eventually acquitted. His humorous image was constructed following his arrest, as he, on 2 June 1967, Teufel was arrested again, this time falsely accused of throwing a rock at police and provoking the riot at which Benno Ohnesorg was killed. This time, he served six months in jail, although the 2 June Movement never developed a clear ideology or purpose for its existence, Teufels political activism was rooted in his hatred for his parents generation. Just like many students and activists of his age, Teufel was angered by the Nazi regime of the previous generation, and fought to eliminate that image from Germany. Much of the resentment was directed towards those individuals who had played a role in the Nazi regime, although the 2 June Movement achieved their greatest feat kidnapping Peter Lorenz, the extremist groups most frequent activity was bombing. On 2 February 1972, the 2 June Movement declared responsibility for a bombing at the British Yacht Club in West Berlin, the attack, which killed the boats engineer, was later found out to be an act of assistance for the Irish Republican Army. During the trial, which place in February 1974,2 June Movement. On the fifth anniversary of Benno Ohnesorgs death, a bomb exploded in West Berlin, to this day, no group has taken responsibility for the bombing, although it was inferred that attack was the action of 2 June Movement. In West Berlin on 27 July 1973, the 2 June Movement stole 200,000 Deutsch Marks from a local bank, in mid-1974,2 June Movement member Ulrich Schmücker was shot to death by others in the organization. Although it is not clear what the rationale was for the shooting, the opposing argument was that the murder was an accident. After Red Army Faction member Holger Meins died in prison, the 2 June Movement attempted a kidnapping of Superior Court Justice Günter von Drenkmann, the effort to kidnap Von Drenkmann was believed to be retaliation for the poor treatment of Meins during his time in prison
14.
2 Live Crew
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The 2 Live Crew is an American hip-hop group from Miami, Florida. They caused considerable controversy with the themes in their work. The 2 Live Crew, although seen as a fixture in the Miami hip-hop scene, actually got their start in California & was created by DJ Mr. Mixx with fellow rappers Fresh Kid Ice. The group released its first single, Revelation, in 1985, Revelation was popular in Florida, so The 2 Live Crew relocated to Miami. Rapper Brother Marquis joined The 2 Live Crew for its next single What I Like, local rapper Luke Skyywalker gave The 2 Live Crew a record deal and worked as the groups manager and then lead vocalist. The 2 Live Crews debut album, The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are, was released in 1986. Alex Henderson of Allmusic commented that the album did take sexually explicit rap lyrics to a new level of nastiness, with such as We Want Some Pussy. With word-of-mouth attention, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, Bob Rosenberg of Will to Power remixed Beat Box and was billed King of Edits by Luke Skyywalker. In 1987, a Florida store clerk was acquitted of charges for selling the album to a 14-year-old girl. Move Somethin is the album by Miami hip hop group 2 Live Crew. The album was released in 1988 and it was also certified Gold and featured the singles Move Somethin and Do Wah Diddy Diddy. The album improved on the charts from the album, making in to #68 on the Billboard 200. Campbell decided to sell a separate clean version in addition to the version of the album, Move Somethin. A record store clerk in Alexander City, Alabama, was cited for selling a copy to a police officer in 1988. It was the first time in the United States that a store owner was held liable for obscenity over music. The charges were dropped after a jury found the record store not guilty, in 1989, the group released their album, As Nasty As They Wanna Be, which also became the groups most successful album. A large part of its success was due to the single Me So Horny, the American Family Association did not think the presence of a Parental Advisory sticker was enough to adequately warn listeners of what was inside the case. Jack Thompson, an affiliated with the AFA, met with Florida Governor Bob Martinez
15.
2 Pistols
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Jeremy Lemont Saunders, better known by his stage name 2 Pistols, is an American rapper and songwriter. He hails from Tarpon Springs, Florida and he has released two albums and a number of singles and mixtapes. He signed with Universal in 2007and his collaboration with T-Pain on the song She Got It, which peaked at #7 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart in 2008, from a broken home, Saunders grew up being looked after by his extended family. By his teens, he involved in local crime and in 2005 was incarcerated for eight months. After this he became involved in promotion and formed a group called Blood Money Union. After hearing it played in a dance club and then witnessing another rappers performance,2 Pistols had his first chance to perform on-stage. After taking the stage and performing his own single,2 Pistols confidence in his abilities grew to a point that he began to take his chances at making a career of music seriously. His debut album, Death Before Dishonor, was released on June 17,2008, league, Da Honorable C. N. O. T. E, Bolo Da Producer, and others. Other tracks from the album included You Know Me feat, ray J & Thats My Word feat. Trey Songz, in addition to She Got It. The album peaked at #32 on the Billboard Top 200 chart,2 Pistols resides in Tampa, Florida and currently releases his music under his own label, Blood Money Union. In February 2014, the album Comin Back Hard appeared through Stage One Music, the Jimmy Jump Introduction Live From the Kitchen 10-20-Life Hollow Tip Music Back 4 The 1st Time The Rapture Mr. P Arrogant 2 Pistols on Twitter Video on YouTube
16.
2 Unlimited
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2 Unlimited is a dance group founded in 1991 by Belgian producers Jean-Paul DeCoster and Phil Wilde and fronted by Dutch rapper Ray Slijngaard and Dutch vocalist Anita Doth. During five years of worldwide popularity, the act scored 16 chart hits, including Get Ready for This, Twilight Zone, No Limit. During their career, they have sold 18 million records worldwide, although they enjoyed less mainstream recognition in the United States, many of their songs have become popular themes at US sporting events, particularly in the NHL. The two then decided to continue to work together, Jean-Paul De Coster and Phil Wilde initially had created an instrumental track they called Get Ready for This and they decided that it needed some vocals. De Coster recalls, They were so pleased with the result that agreed to work with them as a duo. They were signed to Byte Records and were licensed to other record labels worldwide, including PWL Continental in the UK, ZYX in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Their first single, Get Ready For This was well received in their market, Belgium. It also peaked at No.10 in The Netherlands and managed to climb to No.2 in Australia, the single worked its way up to No.38 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart only three years after its original release. A follow-up single, Twilight Zone, followed in January 1992 which topped the chart in the Netherlands and it also charted well in numerous markets including No.2 in the UK. In the United States, it peaked at No.49 on the Hot 100, to capitalize on this success, the album Get Ready. was released on 24 February 1992, which featured the first two singles and seven other brand new tracks including two ballads. Two further singles were released from the album, Workaholic and The Magic Friend, in the US, the album received a Gold certification for sales of 500,000 units in 1995. The single topped the charts in Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, in Germany the single was certified Platinum for sales of 500,000 units. The track received modest airplay in North American radio stations, reaching the top 25 in the US Dance charts, by 1996, worldwide sales for the single No Limit had reached 2.3 million units. Tribal Dance was released as a single shortly before the album No Limits, hit the stores in May 1993. The Tribal Dance was very successful also entering the top 5 in Austria, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, in Germany, Tribal Dance was certified Gold for sales of over 250,000 units. In France, the title was changed to Let The Bass Control Your Body to avoid any confusion with the word bite. The full-length album entitled No Limits. was more successful than the predecessor entering the top 5 album charts in Austria, Australia, Germany, in the UK, the album climbed all the way to the top of the album chart. By 1996, the total sales had reached 3 million units including 592,000 units in the GSA region
17.
2Cellos
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2Cellos is a Croatian cello duo, consisting of classically trained Luka Šulić and Stjepan Hauser. Signed to Sony Masterworks since 2011, they have released four albums and play instrumental arrangements of pop and rock songs as well as classical. The duo perform internationally and have featured on several US TV shows including Glee. Šulić—the younger of the two by a year— attended the Academy of Music in Zagreb, and then studied in Vienna, Šulić later entered Londons Royal Academy of Music. Hauser attended the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester, after completing his studies at Trinity Laban in London. The duo rose to fame after their cover of Smooth Criminal became a hit on YouTube, the creation of the music video was prompted by the cellists financial difficulties, despite their musical success in the UK. The duo met in Pula, where one of Hausers friends, the video, originally posted on 20 January 2011, features Šulić and Hauser facing off alone in a large white room, playing Jacksons tune. In fact, before they became partners, the two cellists were sometimes considered rivals, competing against each other in music contests. 2Cellos is currently signed to record label Sony Masterworks, and finished recording their first album in May 2010, which carried the Menart Records name in Croatia. Released on 19 July 2011, their eponymous album, includes covers of songs by U2, Guns N Roses, Nine Inch Nails, Sting, Coldplay, Nirvana, Muse. Hauser told la Repubblica that the album would feature a cello version of Michael Jacksons Human Nature. The duo said that they chose songs that could be adapted into covers playable on only two cellos, in anticipation of the release, 2Cellos released their second single Welcome to the Jungle, a cover of the Guns N Roses song of the same name. During many of the numbers performed, they are accompanied by the drummer, Dušan Kranjc, Elton John asked the duo to appear with him on his 2011 summer tour, which began in Cardiff, Wales on 8 June. John, who personally called Šulić, said that he had watched the Smooth Criminal video, the two had previously performed on The Ellen DeGeneres Show of 25 April 2011. 2Cellos also performed at the 2011 iTunes Festival in London, the duo performed an arrangement of Smooth Criminal in the third season of the television show Glee. The episode in which appeared, titled Michael, aired on 31 January 2012. The scene featuring Smooth Criminal was set up similar to 2Cellos original music video for the song, on 4 June 2012 2Cellos performed with Elton John at the Queens Diamond Jubilee Concert at Buckingham Palace. On 12 June 2012 2Cellos performed in front of full Arena Zagreb, although the two record covers of mainly rock songs, Šulić and Hauser say they still play with orchestras and will not abandon playing classical music
18.
2nd Chapter of Acts
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The 2nd Chapter of Acts was a Jesus music and early contemporary Christian music group composed of sisters Annie Herring and Nelly Greisen and brother Matthew Ward. They began performing in 1973 and enjoyed their period of greatest success during the 1970s, the 2nd Chapter of Acts began as a result of the trio singing at home together as Annie played the piano. Following the death of their parents, Nelly and Matthew, still minors, moved in with their sister, Annie. Annie was a singer and songwriter who composed and played her songs around the family piano. Her brother and sister would join in as she played. They started singing for local houses and small gatherings, then gained the notice of Pat Boone who arranged a contract to record. The siblings provided background vocals for Seeds and McGuires 1974 follow-up Lighten Up, the trio released their debut album, With Footnotes, in 1974. This album featured Easter Song which would become a piece for the group and has been recorded by many other artists since. 2nd Chapter of Acts first three releases were issued by Myrrh Records, and the group toured with McGuire intermittently for three years, the group went on a touring hiatus in 1976. Annie released her first solo record on the Sparrow Records label founded that year by the executive who had signed them to the Myrrh label, Billy Ray Hearn. For the summer of 1977, they were joined on an 18-city tour by Phil Keaggy and their contract with Myrrh fulfilled, they moved as a group to Sparrow. Their Sparrow debut, Mansion Builder was followed up with The Roar of Love, Rejoice, Singer Sower, 2nd Chapter moved to their own Live Oak label with the release of Night Light in 1985, and their final recording of original material, Faraway Places in 1987. Their voices can be heard among other Christian artists on two singles in 1985. 2nd Chapter of Acts broadened their appeal with the release of Hymns and Hymns 2, Hymns proved to be their best-selling release, receiving a Dove Award for Best Praise and Worship Album of the Year in 1987. Except for two years in 1976 and 1983, 2nd Chapter of Acts continued to tour until 1988. Their final concert was in Houston, Texas on August 12 of that year, 2nd Chapter was recognized by the Gospel Music Association in 1999 by their induction into its Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Annie and Matthew also recorded solo projects during the 2nd Chapter of Acts years. Both have continued to new material and perform concerts as of 2011
19.
2nd II None
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2nd II None is a rap group from Compton, California. It consist of cousins KK and Gangsta D and they were members of the Elm Street Piru Bloods. Their career started in 1990 after the release of The Red Tape and they released their first album in 1991, the self-titled 2nd II None on Profile Records. Their second album, Classic 220 on Arista Records, released in 1999 and their albums were produced by 2nd II None and DJ Quik. In 2008, their 1994 unreleased album Tha Shit was leaked on the internet
20.
2nd Infantry Division (United States)
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The 2nd Infantry Division is a formation of the United States Army. Its current primary mission is the defense of South Korea in the stages of an invasion from North Korea until other American units can arrive. There are approximately 17,000 soldiers in the 2nd Infantry Division, with 10,000 of them stationed in South Korea, accounting for about 35% of the United States Forces Korea personnel. The 2nd Infantry Division is unique in that it is the only U. S. Army division that is made up partially of South Korean soldiers and this program began in 1950 by agreement with the first South Korean president, Syngman Rhee. Some 27,000 KATUSAs served with the U. S. forces at the end of the Korean War, as of May 2006, approximately 1,100 KATUSA soldiers serve with the 2ID. There were also more than 3,000 Dutch soldiers assigned to the division between 1950 and 1954, combined Division, the division is augmented by rotational BCTs from the rest of the U. S. Armys divisions. The 2nd Division was first constituted on 21 September 1917 in the Regular Army and it was organized on 26 October 1917 at Bourmont, Haute Marne, France. The division spent the winter of 1917–18 training with French and Scottish veterans, though judged unprepared by French tacticians, the American Expeditionary Force was committed to combat in the spring of 1918 in a desperate attempt to halt a German advance toward Paris. Major General Edward Mann Lewis Commanded the 3rd Brigade as they deployed to reinforce the battered French along the Paris to Metz road, the Division first fought at the Battle of Belleau Wood and contributed to shattering the four-year-old stalemate on the battlefield during the Château-Thierry campaign that followed. On 28 July 1918, Marine Corps Major General Lejeune assumed command of the 2nd Division and remained in that capacity until August 1919, the division went on to win hard-fought victories at Soissons and Blanc Mont. Finally the Indianhead Division participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive which ended any German hope for victory, on 11 November 1918 the Armistice was declared, and the 2nd Division entered Germany, where it assumed occupation duties until April 1919. 2nd Division returned to U. S. in July 1919, the 2nd Division was three times awarded the French Croix de guerre for gallantry under fire at Belleau Wood, Soissons, and Blanc Mont. This entitles current members of the division and of those regiments that were part of the division at time to wear a special lanyard, or fourragère. The division lost 1,964 killed in action and 9,782 wounded in action, third Battle of the Aisne Belleau Wood Château-Thierry campaign St. S. Government Printing Office,1950, pp. 510–592 and it remained there for the next 23 years, serving as an experimental unit, testing new concepts and innovations for the Army. Indianhead soldiers pioneered concepts of air mobility and anti-tank warfare, which served the army for the two decades on battlefields in every corner of the globe. The 2nd Division started participated in maneuvers at Christine, Texas between 3 and 27 January 1940 and it then moved to Horton, Texas for maneuvers from 26 April to 28 May 1940, followed by maneuvers at Cravens, Louisiana from 16 to 23 August 1940. It returned to Fort Sam Houston, where it continued training and refitting, until it moved to Brownwood, Texas for the VIII Corps maneuvers from 1 June through 14 June 1941 at Comanche, Texas
21.
2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich
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The 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich was a division of the Nazi Waffen-SS during World War II. It was one of the thirty-eight divisions fielded by the Waffen-SS and it was then transferred to the West and took part in the fighting in Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge, ending the war in Hungary and Austria. Das Reich committed the Oradour-sur-Glane and Tulle massacres, in August 1939 Adolf Hitler placed the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and the SS-Verfügungstruppe under the operational command of the OKH. Events during the Invasion of Poland raised doubts over the effectiveness of the SS-VT. Himmler insisted that the SS-VT should be allowed to fight in its own formations under its own commanders, Hitler was unwilling to upset either the army or Himmler, and chose a third path. He ordered that the SS-VT form its own divisions but that the divisions would be under army command, in October 1939 the SS-Verfügungstruppe regiments, Deutschland, Germania and Der Führer, were organized into the SS-Verfügungs-Division with Paul Hausser as commander. Thereafter, the SS-VT and the LSSAH took part in training while under army commands in preparation for Operation Fall Gelb against the Low Countries. Der Führer Regiment and LSSAH participated in the invasion of the Netherlands which began on 10 May. On the following day the rest of the SS-VT Division crossed into the Netherlands, participating in the drive for the Dutch central front and Rotterdam, after the fighting in the Netherlands ended, the SS-VT Division was ordered to make for France. A patrol from the SS-VT Division crossed the canal at Saint-Venant, a larger force from the SS-VT Division then crossed the canal and formed a bridgehead at Saint-Venant,30 miles from Dunkirk. On the following day, British forces attacked Saint-Venant, forcing the SS-VT Division to retreat, on 26 May the German advance resumed. On 27 May the Deutschland regiment of the SS-VT Division reached the defensive line on the Leie River at Merville. They forced a bridgehead across the river and waited for the SS Division Totenkopf to arrive to cover their flank, what arrived first was a unit of British tanks, which penetrated their position. The SS-VT managed to hold on against the British tank force, only the arrival of the Totenkopf Panzerjäger platoon saved the Deutschland from being destroyed and their bridgehead lost. By 30 May, most of the remaining Allied forces had pushed back into Dunkirk where they were evacuated by sea to England. The SS-VT Division next took part in the drive towards Paris, after the close of the Battle of France, the SS-VT was officially renamed the Waffen-SS in July 1940. In December 1940 the Germania Regiment was removed from the Verfügungs-Division and used to form the cadre of a new division and it was made up of mostly Danes, Norwegians, Dutch and Flemish volunteers from the occupied territories. By the start of 1941 the division was renamed Reich, in April 1941, Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Greece
22.
2raumwohnung
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2raumwohnung are a German electro-pop duo that was formed in 2000 in Berlin. Its two members are singer, Inga Humpe, and her partner, Tommi Eckart. They reached the point of their career to date with the album 36 Grad. Their most successful single has been the eponymous title song. 2raumwohnung have also appeared internationally, e. g. at Expo 2010, the band releases its music on their own record label it-sounds. 2raumwohnung first met in East Berlin where they both settled shortly after German reunification in 1990, the bands first appearance was in Sternradio in 2001, a legendary club at Alexanderplatz. Before their formation as a band, the duo had been collaborating as a studio project, recordings from that period were used in advertisements, such as for Imperial Tobaccos Cabinet brand and for HypoVereinsbank. The group released its debut album under the title Kommt zusammen on July 2,2001 and it included a total of 13 songs and was ultimately released by Goldrush on the record label BMG. The reviews were positive and ranged from a new feeling of lightness to esoteric childrens disco. Due to successful sales, a version of Kommt zusammen. In wirklich appeared in September of the year and ruthered the bands success that had been established with the debut album. Although some critics felt it was lacking the charm of their previous album. 2raumwohnung had the following to say during the release of In wirklich, in wirklich earned 2raumwohnung the German Dance Award for Best Album. Their next album, Es wird Morgen, soon followed in August 2004, reviewers felt the songs echoed the musical stylings of the 80s. Reviewers also felt that 2raumwohnung exhibited an impressive musical maturity, even though a lack of relevance was simultaneously mentioned. The record was performed live on tour throughout Germany and various neighboring European countries, with Jansen, the summer album, Melancholisch schön, followed in 2005 and featured twelve of the bands most well-known songs, which were re-recorded and remixed in Bossa Nova style. The album included Sexy Girl, a single that had previously released on Kommt zusammen. In 2005, 2raumwohnung also received the Goldene Stimmgabel for Best Duo, in February 2007, following after a short break, 2raumwohnung composed two singles with Peter Plate from Rosenstolz and producer Ulf Leo Sommer for the album 36 Grad
23.
3 Juno
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Juno, minor-planet designation 3 Juno in the Minor Planet Center catalogue system, is an asteroid in the asteroid belt. Juno was the asteroid discovered, on 1 September 1804 by German astronomer Karl L. Harding. It is the 11th-largest asteroid, and one of the two largest stony asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia and it is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. Juno was discovered in 1804 by Karl Ludwig Harding and it was the third asteroid found, but was initially considered to be a planet, it was reclassified as an asteroid and minor planet during the 1850s. 3 Juno is named after the mythological Juno, the highest Roman goddess, with two exceptions, Juno is the international name, subject to local variation, Italian Giunone, French Junon, Russian Yunona, etc. An older symbol, still seen, is ⚵. Juno is one of the asteroids, perhaps tenth by size. It is the second-most-massive S-type asteroid after 15 Eunomia, even so, Juno has only 3% the mass of Ceres. The orbital period of 3 Juno is 4.36578 years, amongst S-type asteroids, Juno is unusually reflective, which may be indicative of distinct surface properties. This high albedo explains its relatively high apparent magnitude for an object not near the inner edge of the asteroid belt. Juno can reach +7.5 at an opposition, which is brighter than Neptune or Titan, and is the reason for it being discovered before the larger asteroids Hygiea, Europa, Davida. At most oppositions, however, Juno only reaches a magnitude of around +8. 7—only just visible with binoculars—and at smaller elongations a 3-inch telescope will be required to resolve it and it is the main body in the Juno family. Juno was originally considered a planet, along with 1 Ceres,2 Pallas, in 1811, Schröter estimated Juno to be as large as 2290 km in diameter. All four were reclassified as asteroids as additional asteroids were discovered, junos small size and irregular shape preclude it from being designated a dwarf planet. Juno orbits at a slightly closer mean distance to the Sun than Ceres or Pallas and its orbit is moderately inclined at around 12° to the ecliptic, but has an extreme eccentricity, greater than that of Pluto. This high eccentricity brings Juno closer to the Sun at perihelion than Vesta, Juno had the most eccentric orbit of any known body until 33 Polyhymnia was discovered in 1854, and of asteroids over 200 km in diameter only 324 Bamberga has a more eccentric orbit. Juno rotates in a direction with an axial tilt of approximately 50°. The maximum temperature on the surface, directly facing the Sun, was measured at about 293 K on October 2,2001, taking into account the heliocentric distance at the time, this gives an estimated maximum temperature of 301 K at perihelion
24.
III Corps (United States)
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III Corps is a corps of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Hood, Texas. It is a formation of the United States Army Forces Command. Activated in World War I in France, III Corps oversaw US Army divisions as they repelled several major German offensives, the corps was deactivated following the end of the war. For the next 50 years, the corps was a key training element for the US Army as it sent troops overseas in support of the Cold War, the Korean War, the corps saw no combat deployments, however, until Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2004. III Corps was first organized on 16 May 1918 in France and it was designed as three of the four newly activated corps of the American Expeditionary Force, which at that time number over 1,000,000 men in 23 divisions. The corps took command of US forces training with the French Seventh Army at the time that IV Corps took command of US forces training with the French Eighth Army. In July, the corps was rushed to the Villers-Cotterêts area in preparation for the Third Battle of the Aisne, the first major Allied counteroffensive of the year. There, it was put under the French Tenth Army and given command of the 1st Division. However, the group arrived in the area too late to exercise tactical command. On 18 July, the attack was launched, with the force spearheading the French Tenth Armys assault on the ground south of Soissons. During this attack, the Corps also cut rail lines supplying the German Army, the first day of the attack was a success, but on the second day, the Germans were reinforced with heavier weapons and were able to blunt the attack, inflicting high casualties. The force was successful despite heavy casualties, and German forces were forced to retreat. S, troops continued to advance until September when they withdrew to form the new First United States Army. First Army formed up in preparation to advance in the Meuse-Argonne campaign and it consisted of over 600,000 men in I Corps, III Corps, and V Corps. III Corps took the Armys east flank, protecting it as the Army advanced to Montfaucon, then Cunel, the offensive was slow and hampered by inexperience of many of the divisions under the Armys command, though III Corps was effective in protecting its sector. They advanced through September and October, taking a few weeks for rest after the formation of Second United States Army, on 1 November, the First Army went on a general offensive, pushing north to the Meuse River and the Barricourt Ridge. It was successful, pushing German forces back and advancing to the river until the end of the war, around that time, the division received its shoulder sleeve insignia, approving it by telegram, though the insignia would not be officially authorized until 1922. The corps was demobilized in Neuwied, Germany at the close of hostilities, following the end of World War I, III Corps remained in Europe for several months before it returned to the United States. It was demobilized at Camp Sherman, Ohio, on 15 August 1927 the XXII Corps was activated in the United States
25.
3 Colours Red
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3 Colours Red were a rock band from the United Kingdom. They achieved their biggest chart success at the end of the 1990s, along with other Britrock bands such as Ash, the band was named by sticking a pin in a London listings magazine, Time Out. It landed randomly on an advertisement for the part of the Polish film director Krzysztof Kieślowskis, Three Colors. They went on to record two UK Top 20 albums, and six Top 40 singles, fox Soccer Channel currently feature their 1997 hit Copper Girl as background music when announcing scores and goal summaries at half time and full-time. In 1995, it was suggested by a friend that bass player/singer Pete Vuckovic should contact guitarist Chris McCormack to start a band. Both had recently left their previous bands and were looking for something new, at first he was told that McCormack was not available as he was busy with Honeycrack. A few weeks later, after McCormack didnt get the gig with Honeycrack, due to location they spent the following months trading four track recordings and developing song ideas via post, until they had enough material to record a demo. The demo, a three song effort featuring the newly acquired drummer Keith Baxter was sniffed at but didnt click, Vuckovic left the early incarnation of the band. In the meantime, and undeterred, McCormack liaising with Gina Walters and it is this inclusion of Terry Thomas that convinces Pete Vuckovic to change his mind and do another demo, after a 30 minute phone call from McCormack begging him to come back to London. Terry Thomas would eventually manage them as well as produce the demos that secured their recording contract, fierce Panda Records released their first single, This Is My Hollywood published by Warner Chappell Music. The band signed to Creation Records, after Alan McGee, Creations founder and discoverer of Oasis, while with Creation, the band recorded two albums. The first, Pure was produced by Terry Thomas, there was controversy over the resulting single Sixty Mile Smile, the lyrical content of which referred to frontman Vučkovićs overnight hospitalisation after taking the drug ecstasy. Frontman bassist and main songwriter Pete Vuckovic was outvoted by 3 to 1 and it would cause a rift that would never heal. The manager sued the band successfully, for unfair dismissal, the deal that was signed by 3 colours red was a two album firm deal which meant Pete Vuckovic was also legally bound to stay in the band even though he wanted to leave after the first album. Revolt was produced by Dave Eringa, at the peak of their success, following the bands biggest hit, the Vuckovic penned Beautiful Day, they embarked upon US tours with Marilyn Manson, Aerosmith and Silverchair. Of course, the validity of musical differences must be at least questioned when taking into account the fact the band would reform in only a couple of years, playing the same songs. Vučković was signed to Sony Records and Sanctuary Management and spent two years writing an album for his new project Elevation, which was never released and he was dropped by the label. McCormack joined Rich Battersby and EMF producer Ralph Jezzard for a stint in Grand Theft Audio, Vučković and McCormack reconciled their differences and reformed the band with original drummer Keith Baxter
26.
3 Doors Down
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3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi, that formed in 1996. The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold, Todd Harrell, and they were soon joined by rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson. The band rose to fame with their first single, Kryptonite. The band then signed with Republic Records and released their album, The Better Life. The album was the 11th-best-selling album of the year and was certified 6x platinum in the United States and they were later joined by drummer Richard Liles, who played during the tour for their first album. The band toured extensively for two years, Daniel Adair played drums on tour from 2002 to 2005. This configuration played nearly 1,000 shows across the following the release of Away from the Sun. In 2005, Greg Upchurch joined to play drums to replace Adair,3 Doors Down released their third album, Seventeen Days in 2005. The album debuted at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum one month of release. Their fourth, self-titled album,3 Doors Down, also debuted at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart, the bands fifth studio album, Time of My Life debuted at No.3 on the charts. Original guitarist Matt Roberts departed in 2012, owing to health issues and he was replaced by Chet Roberts, who was formerly Hendersons guitar tech. Harrell was fired from the band in 2013 after being charged with vehicular homicide, worldwide,3 Doors Down has sold more than 20 million albums. The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold, Todd Harrell and Matt Roberts, the band began to tour outside Escatawpa, and it was during a trip to Foley, Alabama that they came up with their official name. When the three men were walking through the town, they saw a building where some letters had fallen off its sign, since at the time they consisted of three people, they added the 3 to create 3 Doors Down. The cover of their 2011 album Time of My Life hints at the number of band members and current band members. A couple of years performing together, Todd Harrell asked rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson to join the band. They recorded a demo CD of their songs at Lincoln Recording in Pascagoula. When the band gave the CD to local radio station WCPR-FM they started playing the EP version of Kryptonite, the stations program director sent the song to manager Phin Daly who in turn showed it to Bill McGathy, his employer at In De Goot Entertainment
27.
3 Feet Smaller
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3 Feet Smaller is an Austrian punk-rock band, formed in 2000. Their first big concert was at the 2 Days A Week festival in Wiesen in 2001, the first single of their debut album was in the Austrian alternative charts for many weeks. Their 2nd single topped the charts in East Switzerland, over the years they have played many concerts in Austria and other European countries. They also played as support for bands like The Offspring. They released five albums, a Christmas CD, and an EP, after the end of 3 Feet Smaller, three former members of the band later reformed under the title Lian and released a self-titled new album in June 2016. Lead vocalist Marcus Smaller has pursued a career with two albums. 2001, Damn, We Need A Title For This Record 2002, Marcus Smaller – lead vocals, guitar Roberto Franko – drums The General – bass, bass / guitar El Howdy– bass Dipmaster - guitar Schorsch Zwiebelmayer– bass 5. Review of 3 Feet Smaller album by Musikreviews. de Interview from Diepresse. com
28.
3 Inches of Blood
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They are marked by strong influences from the new wave of British heavy metal movement. On June 2,2015, the band announced it would be disbanding following two shows, which took place on November 7 and 8 at the Commodore Ballroom in their hometown. The group initially performed with only Jamie Hooper as vocalist before the addition of Cam Pipes, Rich Trawicks roommate at the time, Steve Bays, heard the demo of the bands first recording and suggested having his long time friend Cam Pipes overdub some clean vocals to it. Their debut album Battlecry Under a Wintersun was recorded in 2002 and released in cooperation with the Teenage Rampage and it was later remastered and re-released by the band under their own label entitled Minion Music. The band garnered international exposure when the bands UK distribution label decided to put them on as a slot for a tour with platinum rock band The Darkness. This exposure gained them much attention and acclaim in the world of underground metal. In 2004, Geoff Trawick and brother Rich Trawick left the following personal differences with the rest of the band. Matt Wood of Vancouver doom/sludge/noise band Goatsblood, and Brian Redman replaced them, original guitarists Sunny Dhak and Bob Froese left the band shortly after recording in around July 2004 because they could no longer commit to touring and needed to deal with some personal matters. They were also committed to a business that they had set up called Bloodstone Press and it is now defunct and together with Mike Payette and Matt Wood they founded the rock band Pride Tiger. The band plays music more oriented towards 70s guitar-driven rock bands because, as Wood stated, anyway, Im not really a metal dude. Im sure if you studied pictures of 3 Inches of Blood you could pick us out as not really belonging there, Sunny and Bobby were replaced by Justin Hagberg, who had previously played with Pipes in Allfather, a black metal band, and Shane Clark. Also in 2005, Justin Hagberg recorded the guitars on the tracks Dawn of a Golden Age and I Dont Wanna Be for Roadrunner United, The All Star Sessions. In October 2006, the opened a show for Iron Maiden during the United States leg of their 2006 A Matter of Life. The show was at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre in Irvine, California, the band wrote their entire third studio album in Tacoma, Washington and performed their new songs at various places in the vicinity of Washington. A demo of Goatriders Horde which was recorded in Seattle in the spring of 2006 was later available for streaming on Roadrunners official website. Another demo of Night Marauders appeared in the fifth Battle Metal compilation album that was released in issue 161 of the UK magazine Metal Hammer. The band toured the United States during January and February 2007 in support of Cradle of Filth with The 69 Eyes and, in March, on March 22,2007, the band was confirmed to play the second stage at Ozzfest. On April 6,2007, the website was completely redesigned
29.
3M
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The 3M Company, formerly known as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation based in Maplewood, Minnesota, a suburb of St. Paul. 3M has operations in more than 65 countries including 29 international companies with manufacturing operations and 35 companies with laboratories, 3M products are available for purchase through distributors and retailers, and online directly from the company. Five businessmen founded 3M in Two Harbors, Minnesota, in 1902, originally a mining venture, the goal was to mine corundum, but this failed because the mines mineral holdings were anorthosite, which had no commercial value. Co-founder John Dwan solicited funds in exchange for stock and Edgar Ober, the company moved to Duluth and began research and producing sandpaper products. William L. McKnight, later a key executive, joined the company in 1907, 3M finally became financially stable in 1916 and was able to pay dividends. The company moved to St. Paul in 1910, where it remained for 52 years before outgrowing the campus and moving to its current headquarters at 3M Center in Maplewood, Minnesota in 1962. The new Maplewood campus is 475 acres and has over 50 buildings, the company began by mining stone from quarries for use in grinding wheels. Struggling with quality and marketing of its products, management supported its workers to innovate and develop new products, twelve years after its inception, 3M developed its first exclusive product, Three-M-ite cloth. Other innovations in this era included masking tape, waterproof sandpaper, by 1929, 3M had made its first moves toward international expansion by forming Durex to conduct business in Europe. The same year, the stock was first traded over the counter. The company is currently a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the founders original plan was to sell the mineral corundum to manufacturers in the East for making grinding wheels. In reality, however, Dwan and his associates were not selling what they thought, failing to make sandpaper with the anorthosite, the founders decided to import minerals like Spanish garnet, after which sale of sandpapers grew. In 1914, customers complained that the garnet was falling off the paper, the founders discovered that the stones had traveled across the Atlantic Ocean packed near olive oil, and the oil had penetrated the stones. Unable to take the loss of selling expensive inventory, they roasted the stones over fire to remove the olive oil, the companys late innovations include waterproof sandpaper and masking tape, as well as cellophane Scotch Tape and sound-deadening materials for cars. In 1947, 3M began producing PFOA by electrochemical fluorination, during the 1950s, the company expanded worldwide with operations in Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom in large part by Clarence Sampair. DuPont referred to PFOA as C8, in 1951, international sales were approximately $20 million. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, 3M published a line of board games and these games were marketed to adults and sold through department stores, with easily learned simple rules but complex game play and depth and with uniformly high-quality components. As such, they are the ancestors of the German Eurogames, the games covered a variety of topics, from business and sports simulations to word and abstract strategy games
30.
3OH!3
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3OH.3 is an American electronic music duo from Boulder, Colorado, made up of Sean Foreman and Nathaniel Motte. They are best known for their single Dont Trust Me from their album Want and their second single, a remix of Starstrukk featuring Katy Perry from Want, was a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Poland, and Australia. They gained further recognition by featuring Kesha on the song My First Kiss, the album later peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200. 3OH.3 consists of Sean Foreman, born August 27,1985, Foreman and Motte started their band in 2004 and named it after the 303 area code of Boulder, Colorado. They released their first self-titled album, 3OH.3 in 2007 and it spawned one successful single, 3OH.3 then signed to Photo Finish Records, a division of Atlantic Records and planned to start recording their second album. It is theorized that the two started dating after the album was released, 3OH. 3s second album, Want, was released on July 8,2008. It reached number 44 on the Billboard 200 and their song, Dont Trust Me reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100. The group contributed an original song titled Sex on the Beach for The Real World. 3OH.3 also wrote an anthem for Major League Baseballs Colorado Rockies, as they were getting started they performed at local venues around Colorado such as the Fox Theatre in Boulder, Colorado and the Aggie Theater in Ft. Collins, Colorado. After playing in Denver during the Warped Tour 2008, 3OH.3 signed on for all venues of Warped Tour 2008. The band later headlined the 2009 Alternative Press Tour across the U. S. 3OH.3 played at End Fest in Sacramento, California and they played at Kiss The Summer Hello 2009 at Coca-Cola Field in Buffalo, New York, June 3,2009. 3OH.3 joined the Warped Tour once again in 2009, in summer 2009 they appeared at the Reading/Leeds festivals in the UK. They performed between award presentations at the MTV Video Music Awards 2009 on September 13, the duo was featured in a 14-page photo spread in Cliché Magazines Green Issue in August 2009. They released a remix of their hit single, Starstrukk. It was a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, Belgium, a new song, Follow Me Down, was written for the compilation album for the film Alice in Wonderland with Neon Hitch. The pair also supported All Time Low, Boys Like Girls, Third Eye Blind, prior to the release of Streets of Gold, 30H.3 was featured on the track Hey by Lil Jon on his album, Crunk Rock in 2010. They were also featured on the Kesha song Blah Blah Blah, on February 5,2010, it was announced that Cobra Starship and 3OH.3 would be embarking on a co-headlining tour called The Too Fast for Love Tour featuring labelmates I Fight Dragons. The two-month tour covered more than 25 cities, including a date in their state of Colorado
31.
3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines
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3rd Battalion 3rd Marines, abbreviated as, is an infantry battalion of the United States Marine Corps, based out of Kāneohe, Hawaii. Known as either Trinity or Americas Battalion, the falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Regiment of the 3rd Marine Division. The unit consists of approximately 1124 U. S, Marines and United States Navy sailors. Like most battalions of the U. S. Marine Corps, Marines in the battalion were also awarded one Medal of Honor and seven Navy Crosses during the war. Following World War II, 3rd Battalion was disbanded until 1951, the battalion was alerted for possible deployment during the 1956 Suez War and the 1958 intervention in Lebanon. In 1965, the Marines of 3rd Battalion were deployed to the Vietnam War and participated in Operation Starlite, the battalion continued to see major action through Vietnam and was rotated back to the United States in 1969. Famous alumni from its time in Vietnam include Corporal Robert Emmett OMalley, the first Marine in Vietnam to be awarded the Medal of Honor, Oliver North, around the end of the Vietnam War, the Battalion was deactivated for a second time in 1974. In 1975, 3rd Battalion was reformed for the time at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. During this period, the battalion conducted numerous deployments in the Pacific, in 1983, 3rd Battalion deployed off the coast of Lebanon for several weeks during a particularly tense period in the civil war. 3rd Battalion deployed again in 1990 as part of Operation Desert Shield and saw action at the Battle of Khafji, one Marine from the battalion, Dakota Meyer, was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Global War on Terror. The rifle companies are designed to act as maneuver elements for the battalion, with attachments they can also be employed independently for short periods of time. Each rifle company ideally consists of six officers and 176 enlisted personnel and is commanded by a Captain who is assisted by a First Sergeant. The three rifle companies in 3rd Battalion have traditionally been I Company, K Company, and L Company, because the Marine Corps uses the NATO phonetic alphabet, these companies are commonly known as India, Kilo, and Lima. Prior to 1956, under the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, they were known as Item, King, H&S Company provides combat service support and consists of the battalion staff, including the headquarters element, communications, medical, and service platoons. Weapons Company provides fire support coordination, medium mortars, anti-armor weapons, generally, these elements of Weapons Company are directly employed by the battalion, but may also be attached to the rifle companies. 3rd Battalion 3rd Marines was activated on 1 June 1942 at New River, North Carolina as the 5th Training Battalion, Division Special Troops, 1st Marine Division, on 16 June, they were redesignated as the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines, Fleet Marine Force. From August to September 1942, 3rd Battalion deployed with the rest of the 3rd Marine Regiment to Tutuila, in 1943, they were reassigned to the Fleet Marine Force. In May 1943, they redeployed to Auckland, New Zealand, from July to August 1943, they redeployed to the island of Guadalcanal to begin training in preparation for the invasion of Bougainville in November
32.
4 Vesta
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Vesta, minor-planet designation 4 Vesta, is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of 525 kilometres. It was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers on 29 March 1807 and is named after Vesta, Vesta is the second-most-massive and second-largest body in the asteroid belt after the dwarf planet Ceres, and it contributes an estimated 9% of the mass of the asteroid belt. It is slightly larger than Pallas, though more massive. Vesta is the last remaining rocky protoplanet of the kind that formed the terrestrial planets, numerous fragments of Vesta were ejected by collisions one and two billion years ago that left two enormous craters occupying much of Vestas southern hemisphere. Debris from these events has fallen to Earth as howardite–eucrite–diogenite meteorites, Vesta is the brightest asteroid visible from Earth. Its maximum distance from the Sun is slightly greater than the distance of Ceres from the Sun. NASAs Dawn spacecraft entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 for an exploration and left orbit on 5 September 2012 en route to its final destination. Researchers continue to examine data collected by Dawn for additional insights into the formation, Heinrich Olbers discovered Pallas in 1802, the year after the discovery of Ceres. He proposed that the two objects were the remnants of a destroyed planet and these orbital intersections were located in the constellations of Cetus and Virgo. Olbers commenced his search in 1802, and on 29 March 1807 he discovered Vesta in the constellation Virgo—a coincidence, because Ceres, Pallas, and Vesta are not fragments of a larger body. Because the asteroid Juno had been discovered in 1804, this made Vesta the fourth object to be identified in the region that is now known as the asteroid belt, the discovery was announced in a letter addressed to German astronomer Johann H. Schröter dated 31 March. Gauss decided on the Roman virgin goddess of home and hearth, Vesta was the fourth asteroid to be discovered, hence the number 4 in its formal designation. The name Vesta, or national variants thereof, is in use with two exceptions, Greece and China. In Greek, the name adopted was the Hellenic equivalent of Vesta, Hestia, in English, in Chinese, Vesta is called the hearth-god star, 灶神星 zàoshénxīng, in contrast to the goddess Vesta, who goes by her Latin name. Upon its discovery, Vesta was, like Ceres, Pallas, the symbol representing the altar of Vesta with its sacred fire and was designed by Gauss. In Gausss conception, this was drawn, in its modern form, after the discovery of Vesta, no further objects were discovered for 38 years, and the Solar System was thought to have eleven planets. However, in 1845, new asteroids started being discovered at a rapid pace and it soon became clear that it would be impractical to continue inventing new planetary symbols indefinitely, and some of the existing ones proved difficult to draw quickly. That year, the problem was addressed by Benjamin Apthorp Gould, who suggested numbering asteroids in their order of discovery, thus, the fourth asteroid, Vesta, acquired the generic symbol ④
33.
4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days
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4 Months,3 Weeks and 2 Days is a 2007 Romanian art film written and directed by Cristian Mungiu. It won the Palme dOr and the FIPRESCI Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, the film is set in Communist Romania in the final years of the Nicolae Ceaușescu era. It tells the story of two students, roommates in the university dormitory, who try to arrange an illegal abortion, after making its worldwide debut at Cannes, the film made its Romanian debut on 1 June 2007, at the Transilvania International Film Festival. It opened to acclaim, and has since been considered one of the major films of the 2000s. The film follows the story of Otilia Mihartescu and Gabriela Găbița Dragut, the film is set in 1987, one of the last years of the Ceaușescu government. When Găbița becomes pregnant, the two girls arrange a meeting with Mr. Bebe in a hotel, where he is to perform an illegal abortion. At the college dorm Găbița and Otilia review the items they need for the day, afterwards, Otilia takes a bus to visit her boyfriend Adi, from whom she borrows money. Adi asks Otilia to visit his family that night, as it is his mothers birthday, and to buy flowers on the way, to which Otilia initially declines, but she relents after Adi becomes upset. Otilia heads to a hotel where Găbița has booked a room, Otilia goes to another hotel, and after much begging and haggling is able to book a room at an expensive rate. Afterwards Otilia goes to a point to meet with Mr. Bebe, although he had asked Găbița that she meets him. Mr. Bebe grows angry upon hearing that Găbița is not at the planned hotel, Mr. Bebe discovers that Găbițas claim that her pregnancy was in its third month is a lie, in fact, it has been at least four months. The two women were certain that they would pay no more than 3000 lei for the abortion, however, it slowly becomes clear to the women that he expects both women to have sex with him. Otilia reluctantly has sex with Mr. Bebe so that he not walk out on them. Mr. Bebe then performs the abortion by injecting a probe and a fluid into Găbițas uterus. Otilia is exasperated by Găbițas lies, yet continues to help her, Otilia leaves Găbița at the hotel to go to Adis mothers birthday. She is still disturbed but stays and has dinner with Adis mothers friends and they all talk about trivial things while Otilia and Adi remain silent. The phone rings in the background, but no one answers it, after fighting with Adi, Otilia calls Găbița from Adis house. Găbița does not answer, so Otilia decides to go back to Găbița, when Otilia enters the room Găbița is lying on the bed, and she tells Otilia that the fetus has come out and is in the bathroom
