1.
City of Joy
–
City of Joy is a 1985 novel by Dominique Lapierre. It was adapted into film by Roland Joffé in 1992, kolkata is nicknamed the City of Joy after this novel. Father Stephan joins a religious order whose vows put them in the most hellish places on earth and he chooses not only to serve the poorest of the poor in Calcutta but also to live with them, starve with them, and if God wills it, die with them. In the journey of Kovalskis acceptance as the Big Brother for the dwellers, he encounters moments of everyday miracles in the midst of appalling poverty. The slum dwellers are ignored and exploited by wider society and the authorities of power but are not without their own prejudices and this becomes evident by their attitude towards the lepers and the continuation of the caste system. The story also explores how a peasant farmer Hasari Pal arrives in Calcutta with his family after a drought wipes out the village where his family has lived for generations. The third main character is that of a rich American doctor who has just finished med school and it touches on Mother Teresa and her Missionaries of Charity as well. While the book has its ups and downs, both beautiful and horrific, a feeling of peace and well being is achieved by the storys end. The author has stated that the stories of the characters in the book are true, however, the book is considered fictional since many conversations and actions are assumed or created. The author and his wife traveled to India many times, sometimes staying with friends in the City of Joy, half of the royalties from the sale of the book goes towards the City of Joy Foundation that looks after slum children in Calcutta. The book received Christopher Award in 1986, given for work that exhibits the highest values of the human spirit. The book also refers to Mother Teresa and the Missionaries of Charity, the 1992 film adaption was directed by Roland Joffé starring Patrick Swayze
2.
Dominique Lapierre
–
Dominique Lapierre is a French author. Dominique Lapierre was born in Châtelaillon-Plage, Charente-Maritime, France, at the age of thirteen, he travelled to America with his father who was a diplomat. He attended the Jesuit school in New Orleans and became a boy for the New Orleans Item. He developed interests in travelling, writing and cars, Lapierre renovated a 1927 Nash that his mother gave him and decided to travel across America during his summer holidays. To earn his way he painted mail boxes, later, he received a scholarship to study the Aztec civilization in Mexico. He hitch-hiked throughout America living an existence, wrote articles, washed windows in churches, gave lectures. One day a truck driver who picked him up on the road to Chicago stole his suitcase and he found the driver before the police did. The Chicago Tribune paid him $100 for his exclusive story and his twenty thousand miles of adventure beginning with just thirty dollars in his pocket led to his first book A Dollar for a Thousand Kilometers. It became one of the best sellers of postwar France and other European countries, when Lapierre was eighteen, he received a Fulbright Scholarship to study economics at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. He bought a 1937 Chrysler convertible for $30 and fell in love with a fashion editor and they were married in New York City Hall on his 21st birthday and drove to Mexico in the old Chrysler for their honeymoon. With only $300 in their pockets, they had just enough to buy gas, sandwiches, in Los Angeles, they won another $300 in a radio game show for Campbell Soup. The prize included a case of soup, which was their only food for three weeks, Lapierre sold the Chrysler for $400 in San Francisco and bought two tickets on the SS Presidential Cleveland for Japan. The honeymoon lasted for a year and they worked their way across Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and Lebanon. When they returned to France, Lapierre wrote his second book, on his return to Paris after his honeymoon, he was conscripted into the French army. After one year in the regiment, he was transferred to the SHAPE headquarters to serve as an interpreter. One day in the cafeteria he met a young American corporal, Larry Collins, when Collins was discharged he was offered a job with Procter & Gamble. Two days before reporting to the new job, the United Press offered him a job as writer at their Paris office. Collins took the offer from United Press and was picked up by Newsweek to be their correspondent in the Middle East
3.
Patrick Swayze
–
Patrick Wayne Swayze was an American actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter. During his career he received three Golden Globe Award nominations and was named by People magazine as its Sexiest Man Alive in 1991. Patrick Wayne Swayze was born on August 18,1952, in Houston, Texas, the child of Patsy Swayze, a choreographer, dance instructor, and dancer, and Jesse Wayne Swayze. He had two brothers, actor Don and Sean Kyle, and two sisters, Vickie Lynn and Bambi. Swayze and his siblings were raised in their mothers Roman Catholic faith, during this time, he pursued multiple artistic and athletic skills, such as ice skating, classical ballet, and acting in school plays. He played football for his school and was hoping to receive a football scholarship for college until a knee injury ended his career. He studied gymnastics at Coastal Carolina University for two years, in 1972, he moved to New York City to complete his formal dance training at the Harkness Ballet and Joffrey Ballet schools. Swayze had a role in the television series M*A*S*H, in season 9 episode 18 Blood Brothers. His first professional appearance was as a dancer for Disney on Parade and he then starred as a replacement playing the role of Danny Zuko in the long-running Broadway production of Grease before his debut film role as Ace in Skatetown, U. S. A. Swayze became known to the industry after appearing in The Outsiders as the older brother of C. Thomas Howell. Also in 1983, Swayze played a U. S. M. C, trainer in Vietnam rescue film Uncommon Valor with Gene Hackman. The following year, Swayze, Howell, and Howells friend Darren Dalton reunited in Red Dawn, then in 1986, Lowe and his first major success was in the 1985 television miniseries North and South, which was set during the American Civil War. Swayzes breakthrough role came with his performance as dance instructor Johnny Castle in the film Dirty Dancing, alongside his Red Dawn co-star, the song became a top-10 hit and has been covered by other artists. After Dirty Dancing, Swayze found himself in great acting demand and appeared in several films and his biggest role came when he starred in Ghost with Demi Moore and Whoopi Goldberg. In 1991, he starred alongside Youngblood castmate Keanu Reeves in another major hit, Point Break. For his contributions to the industry, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1997. Swayze was seriously injured in 1998 while filming HBOs Letters from a Killer near Ione, California, both of his legs were broken, and he suffered four detached tendons in his shoulder. Filming was suspended for two months, and the aired in 1999
4.
Pauline Collins
–
Pauline Collins, OBE is an English actress of stage, television, and film, who first came to prominence portraying Sarah Moffat in Upstairs, Downstairs and its spin-off, Thomas & Sarah. In 1992, she released her autobiography, titled Letter to Louise, Collins played the title role in the play Shirley Valentine, for which she won an Olivier Award in 1988, and Drama Desk and Tony Awards in 1989. She reprised the role in the 1989 film adaptation, winning the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and receiving Golden Globe and she also starred in the television dramas Forever Green and The Ambassador. Her other film appearances include City of Joy, Paradise Road, Albert Nobbs, Quartet, Collins was born in Exmouth, Devon, the daughter of Mary Honora, a schoolteacher, and William Henry Collins, a school headmaster. She is of Irish extraction, and was brought up as a Roman Catholic in Wallasey near Liverpool and her great-uncle was Irish poet Jeremiah Joseph Callanan. Collins was educated at Sacred Heart High School, and studied at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. Before turning to acting, she worked as a teacher until 1962 and she made her stage debut at Windsor in A Gazelle in Park Lane in 1962 and her West End debut in Passion Flower Hotel in 1965. During the plays run, she made her first film, Secrets of a Windmill Girl, released in 1966. Collins played Samantha Briggs in the 1967 Doctor Who serial The Faceless Ones and was offered the chance to continue in the series as a new companion for the Doctor, but declined the invitation. Other early TV credits include the UKs first medical soap Emergency - Ward 10, Collins first became well known for her role as the maid Sarah in the 1970s ITV drama series Upstairs, Downstairs. She co-narrated the animated British childrens TV series Little Miss with husband John Alderton in 1983, in connection with her Upstairs, Downstairs role, Collins recorded a 1973 single for Decca, What Are We Going to Do with Uncle Arthur. She was a subject of the television programme This Is Your Life in April 1972 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews, in 1988, Collins starred in the one-woman play Shirley Valentine in London, reprising the role on Broadway in 1989 and in the 1989 film version. The film won a number of awards and nominations and she was voted sexiest woman in Britain in 1990. It ran from 1989 to 1992 over 18 episodes, Collins film credits include 1992s City of Joy, 1995s My Mothers Courage, 1997s Paradise Road, and 2002s Mrs Caldicots Cabbage War, which also featured Alderton. In 1999 and 2000, Collins starred as Harriet Smith in the BBC television drama Ambassador, other television credits include The Saint, The Wednesday Play, Armchair Theatre, Play for Today, Tales of the Unexpected, Country Matters and The Black Tower. In 2002, she guest starred in Man and Boy, the dramatisation of Tony Parsons best-seller, in 2005 she appeared as Miss Flite in the BBC production of Charles Dickens Bleak House. In 2006, she became only the actor to have been in both the original and new series of Doctor Who, appearing in the episode Tooth and Claw as Queen Victoria. Later in 2006, she appeared in Extinct, a programme where eight celebrities campaigned on behalf of an animal to save it from extinction, Collins campaigned to save the Bengal tiger and won the public vote
5.
Om Puri
–
Om Prakesh Puri OBE was an Indian actor who appeared in mainstream commercial Indian films, as well as independent and art films. He is best-known for his roles in films like Aakrosh, Arohan and television films like Sadgati and Tamas and also light-hearted roles in Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro. He had various collaborations with director Shyam Benegal and Govind Nihalani, Puri also appeared in non-Indian productions in the United States, Britain and Pakistan. Puri was awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 1990, Om Puri was born in Ambala in a Punjabi family. His father worked on the railways and in the Indian Army, as he had no birth certificate or records, his family was unsure of his date and year of birth, however his mother told him he had been born two days after the Hindu festival Dussehra. Puri came from an underprivileged background, when he was six years old, his father who was a railway employee was put behind bars on allegatons of theft of cement. This resulted in their family becoming homeless, to make ends meet, Puris brother worked as a coolie and Puri worked in a local tea shop. Thereafter, to support his family, he had to start working at the young age of seven. He did odd jobs, worked at a neighbourhood dhaba, a tea stall and he and his brothers children were later brought up by a maid servant. While working, Puri continued to study, after his primary education, he joined the National School of Drama in Pune to study theatre acting. A fellow NSD student who became a friend, Naseeruddin Shah, encouraged Puri to follow him to the Film. In an interview with The Times of India, Puri later recounted his family was so poor that he did not have a decent shirt to wear when he joined FTII, Puris first film was Chor Chor Chhup ja, a childrens film. During this time, to make ends meet he also worked at the Actors Studio, subsequently Puri worked in numerous Indian films, as well as many films produced in the United Kingdom and the United States. Puri made his debut in the films genre in the 1976 Marathi film Ghashiram Kotwal. It was directed by K. Hariharan and Mani Kaul in cooperation with 16 graduates of the FTII and he has claimed that he was paid peanuts for his best work. In 1999, Puri acted in a Kannada movie A. K.47 as a police officer who tries to keep the city safe from the underworld—it became a huge commercial hit. Puris acting in the movie is memorable and he rendered his own voice for the Kannada dialogues. Puri had a cameo in the acclaimed film Gandhi
6.
Shabana Azmi
–
Shabana Azmi is an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. The daughter of poet Kaifi Azmi and stage actress Shaukat Azmi, she is the alumna of Film and she has also received five Filmfare Awards, and was honored among women in cinema at the 30th International Film Festival of India. In 1988, the Government of India awarded her with Padma Shri, Azmi has appeared in over 120 Hindi and Bengali films in both mainstream and independent cinema, and since 1988 she has acted in several foreign projects. Numerous of her films have been cited as a form of progressivism which portrays Indian society, its customs, in addition to acting, Azmi is a social and womens rights activist. She is the wife of poet and screenwriter Javed Akhtar and she is a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Population Fund which seeks to spread contraception and abortion in India in order to limit that countrys population. In appreciation of Azmis life and works, the Congress partys government gave her a membership of the Rajya Sabha. Shabana Azmi was born into a Saiyyid Muslim family of Arab origin, in Hyderabad and her parents are Kaifi Azmi and Shaukat Azmi, both of whom were members of the Communist Party of India. Her brother, Baba Azmi, is a cinematographer, shabana was named at the age of eleven by Ali Sardar Jafri. Her parents used to call her Munni, Baba Azmi was named by Prof. Masood Siddiqui to Ahmer Azmi. Her parents had a social life, and their home was always thriving with people. It was not unusual for her to wake up in the morning and find members of the communist party sleeping about, Azmi did her schooling at the premier girls school, Queen Mary School, Mumbai. She completed a degree in Psychology from St. Xaviers College, Mumbai. I really marvelled at that and said, My god, if by going to the Film Institute I can achieve that, Azmi eventually topped the list of successful candidates of 1972. Azmi graduated from the FTII in 1973 and went on to sign on Khwaja Ahmad Abbas Faasla and her first release, however, was Shyam Benegals directorial debut Ankur. Belonging to the genre of neo-realistic films, Ankur is based on a true story which occurred in Hyderabad. Azmi played Lakshmi, a servant and villager who drifts into an affair with a college student who visits the countryside. Azmi was not the choice for the film, and several leading actresses of that time refused to do it. The film went on to become a critical success
7.
Ennio Morricone
–
Ennio Morricone, Grand Officer OMRI is an Italian composer, orchestrator, conductor, and former trumpet player. He composes a wide range of styles, making him one of the most versatile, experimental and influential composers of all time. Since 1946 Morricone has composed over 500 scores for cinema and television, after playing the trumpet in jazz bands in the 1940s, he became a studio arranger for RCA Victor and in 1955 started ghost writing for film and theatre. Throughout his career, he has composed music for such as Paul Anka, Mina, Milva, Zucchero. From 1960 to 1975, Morricone gained international fame for composing music for westerns and his score to 1966s The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is considered as one of the most influential soundtracks in history and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. With an estimated 10 million copies sold, Once Upon a Time in the West is one of the best-selling scores worldwide and he also scored seven westerns for Sergio Corbucci, Duccio Tessaris Ringo duology and Sergio Sollimas The Big Gundown and Face to Face. Morricone worked extensively for other genres with directors such as Mauro Bolognini, Giuliano Montaldo, Roland Joffé, Roman Polanski. His acclaimed soundtrack for The Mission was certified gold in the United States, the album Yo-Yo Ma Plays Ennio Morricone stayed 105 weeks on the Billboard Top Classical Albums. Morricones best-known compositions include The Ecstasy of Gold, Se Telefonando, Man with a Harmonica, Heres to You and he functioned during the period 1966–1980 as a main member of Il Gruppo, one of the first experimental composers collectives. In 1969, he co-founded Forum Music Village, a recording studio. In 1977, he composed the theme for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He continued to compose music for European productions, such as Marco Polo, La Piovra, Nostromo, Fateless, Karol and En mai, fais ce quil te plait. Morricones music has been reused in television series, including The Simpsons and The Sopranos, as of 2013, Ennio Morricone has sold over 70 million records worldwide. In 1971, he received a Targa dOro for the sales of 22 million. In 2007, he received the Academy Honorary Award for his magnificent and he has been nominated for a further six Oscars. In 2016, Morricone received his first Academy Award for his score to Quentin Tarantinos film The Hateful Eight, Morricone was born in Rome, the son of Libera Ridolfi and Mario Morricone, a musician. His family came from Arpino, near Frosinone, Morricone, who had four siblings, Adriana, Aldo, Maria and Franca, lived in Trastevere, in the centre of Rome, with his parents. Mario was a player who worked professionally in different light-music orchestras
8.
TriStar Pictures
–
TriStar Pictures is an American film production/distribution studio of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, owned by the Sony subsidiary Sony Pictures Entertainment. On May 16,1983, it was given the name Tri-Star Pictures and it was the first new major Hollywood studio to be established since RKO Pictures was founded in 1928. The studios first produced film in 1984 was The Natural starring Robert Redford, during this venture, many of Tri-Stars releases were released on VHS by either RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video, CBS/Fox Video, or HBO Video. In addition, HBO would gain exclusive distribution rights to these films. CBS dropped out of the venture in 1985, though still distributed some of TriStars films on home video until at least 1992. In 1986, HBO dropped out of the Tri-Star venture as well, the same year, Tri-Star entered into the television business as Tri-Star Television. It was formed when the studio joined forces with Stephen J. Cannell Productions and Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, both studios continued to produce and distribute films under their separate names. On April 13,1988, CPE spun off Tri-Star Pictures, in 1989, all of Cokes entertainment holdings were acquired by Sony Corporation of Japan, who merged Columbia and Tri-Star, but continued to use the separate labels. On July 11,1990, Tri-Star Pictures dissolved and sold its venture in TeleVentures to Stephen J. Cannell Productions, most of the series and the Tri-Star film packages that were distributed by TeleVentures were transferred to Columbia Pictures Television Distribution. The Tri-Star film packages were transferred to Columbia Pictures Television Distribution, both studios continued to operate separately until TriStar folded in 1999 and CPT in 2001. In addition to its own slate, TriStar was the distributor for many films produced by Carolco Pictures. TriStar also theatrically distributed some FilmDistrict movies, TriStar was relaunched on May 13,2004 as a marketing and acquisitions unit that had a particular emphasis on genre films. Screen Gems executive vice president Valerie Van Galder was tapped to run the studio after being dormant. However, the release of its 2013 film Elysium represents the labels first big-budget release since The Mask of Zorro in 1998, the same year, former 20th Century Fox co-chairman Tom Rothman joined Sony Pictures and created TriStar Productions as a joint venture with existing Sony Pictures executives. The new TriStar will develop, finance and produce up to four films per year, as well as programming and acquisitions. Sonys TriStar Pictures unit will be retained for other product, including titles from Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, TriStars logo of Pegasus, introduced in 1984, has become something of a cultural icon. The idea came about because of executive Victor Kaufman and his familys interest in riding horses, the original logo was created with the assistance of Sydney Pollack, who was an adviser at Tri-Star. The horse in that logo was the one used in Pollacks film The Electric Horseman
9.
Warner Bros.
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
10.
Slum
–
A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing and squalor. While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of water, reliable electricity, law enforcement. Slum residences vary from shanty houses to professionally built dwellings that because of poor-quality construction or provision of services have deteriorated into slums, Slums were common in the 18th to early 20th centuries in the United States and Europe. More recently slums have been found in urban regions of developing and undeveloped parts of the world. According to UN-Habitat, around 33% of the population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people. Among individual countries, the proportion of residents living in slum areas in 2009 was highest in the Central African Republic. Between 1990 and 2010 the percentage of people living in slums dropped, the worlds largest slum city is in Mexico City. Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many different reasons. Some causes include rapid rural-to-urban migration, economic stagnation and depression, high unemployment, poverty, informal economy, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and social conflicts. It is thought that slum is a British slang word from the East End of London meaning room, Slums were common in the United States and Europe before the early 20th century. Slums are now associated with Victorian Britain, particularly in industrial English towns, lowland Scottish towns. Engels described these British neighborhoods as cattle-sheds for human beings and these were generally still inhabited until the 1940s, when the government started slum clearance and built new council houses. There are still many left of former slum housing in the UK. By the 1920s it had become a slang expression in England, meaning either various taverns and eating houses, loose talk or gypsy language. In Life in London Pierce Egan used the word in the context of the slums of Holy Lane or St Giles. A footnote defined slum to mean low, unfrequent parts of the town, charles Dickens used the word slum in a similar way in 1840, writing I mean to take a great, London, back-slum kind walk tonight. Slum began to be used to describe bad housing soon after and was used as alternative expression for rookeries and this passage was widely quoted in the national press, leading to the popularisation of the word slum to describe bad housing. In France as in most industrialised European capitals, slums were widespread in Paris and other areas in the 19th century
11.
Kolkata
–
Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/ is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. In 2011, the city had a population of 4.5 million, while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Areas economy have ranged from $60 to $150 billion making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India, after Mumbai, in the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690, Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756, and the East India Company retook it the following year. In 1793 the East India company was enough to abolish Nizamat. Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement, it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics, following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata, which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics, suffered several decades of economic stagnation. Many people from Kolkata—among them several Nobel laureates—have contributed to the arts, the sciences, Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods and freestyle intellectual exchanges. Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by giving importance to association football, there are several explanations about the etymology of this name, The term Kolikata is thought to be a variation of Kalikkhetrô, meaning Field of Kali. Similarly, it can be a variation of Kalikshetra, alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila, or flat area. The name may have its origin in the words khal meaning canal, followed by kaṭa, according to another theory, the area specialised in the production of quicklime or koli chun and coir or kata, hence, it was called Kolikata. The discovery and archaeological study of Chandraketugarh,35 kilometres north of Kolkata, Kolkatas recorded history began in 1690 with the arrival of the English East India Company, which was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. The area occupied by the city encompassed three villages, Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti. Kalikata was a village, Sutanuti was a riverside weavers village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal emperor and these rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698. In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, facing frequent skirmishes with French forces, the British began to upgrade their fortifications in 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, condemned the militarisation and his warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked, he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole of Calcutta. A force of Company soldiers and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year, declared a presidency city, Calcutta became the headquarters of the East India Company by 1772. In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished and East India company took control of the city
12.
Anjan Dutt
–
Anjan Dutt is an Indian film director, actor and singer-songwriter of the 1990s Bengali music scene defined by anyodharar gaan. Anjan Dutts style of music is different from the others in the sense that it has simple tunes and his lyrics are simple and more natural. Anjans music is influenced by blues, bluegrass, folk. He is the first Bengali artist to depend more on the saxophone and he is an admitted fan of Bob Dylan and his Bengali contemporary Kabir Suman. Anjan is also an accomplished actor and he started his career as an actor in Bengali cinema. His first film was Chalachitro directed by Mrinal Sen, where he won the prize for the best newcomer actor, recently, he has acted in Aparna Sens film, Mr. and Mrs. Iyer. Anjan Dutt may be regarded as one of the best serious actors in the Indian serious cinema movement, Anjan Dutt has been regarded by some as being the angry young man of serious cinema in contemporary India. He is also an award winning filmamker and is one of the most prominent directors of Bengali Cinema. He has directed movies like The Bong Connection, Chalo Lets Go, Ranjana Ami Ar Ashbona, in recent years he has been directing Byomkesh Bakshi movie series, a fictional detective in Bengali literature created by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Anjan Dutt was raised in the mountains of North Bengal and he had his schooling from St. Pauls School located in Darjeeling. He did not get opportunity to listen to traditional Bengali songs but became well acquainted with folk. Initially, he had no plans to make career for himself as a singer and his father was a solicitor, who he wanted his son to take up a career in law, young Anjan was more inclined to working in theatres and cinema. He earned an MA degree in English literature from the University of Calcutta and his friends inspired him to consider taking acting seriously as a profession. During his university days, he started working in theatres with thespian Badal Sarkar. The group clearly drew inspiration from Nandikar a highly active and an already famous theatre group at that time. But due to politically sensitive content, they faced many obstructions in producing and performing their work and he was first selected in a feature film named Chalachitro that was directed by renowned filmmaker Mrinal Sen. This was a break for him. The film with Anjans performance got critical acclaim in the Venice Film Festival but for unknown reasons, after that although he worked as an actor in the film-making industry, he was more interested in doing art cinema rather than commercial mainstream cinema. Subhajit Roy who is a big fan of Anjan Dutta and these songs and lyrics, commonly referred to as Jeebonmukhi, concerned itself with the tough reality of Bengali middle class social life, in and around Kolkata
13.
Nabil Shaban
–
Nabil Shaban is a Jordanian-British actor and writer. He founded The Graeae—a theatre group which promotes performers with disabilities and he has a son named Zenyel. Shaban was born in Amman, Jordan and he studied at the University of Surrey in the late 1970s and contributed to the Students Union newspaper Bare Facts. In 1997, Shaban was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by University of Surrey, one of his most memorable television roles was that of the reptilian alien Sil in the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. Shaban played Sil in two serials, Vengeance on Varos and Mindwarp, Shaban is particularly well known among Doctor Who fans for Sils laugh, which he created. He has returned to the role in Big Finish, Mission to Magnus and Antidote to Oblivion, both again written by Philip Martin. He has appeared in films, including Born of Fire, City of Joy, Derek Jarmans Wittgenstein, Gaias børn, and Children of Men. In 2011, he played the Roman emperor Constantius II at the National Theatre in Ibsens Emperor, Shaban has also published a trilogy of Ivar the Boneless screenplays on Kindle, representing the Viking chieftain as a disabled Danish prince with brittle bones and unable to walk. Shaban lost out to rival nominee David Tennant, who was about to become the new Doctor Who, shabans play The First To Go premièred in May 2008, produced by Edinburghs Benchtours Theatre Company in association with Sirius Pictures. It opened at the Lyceum Theatre in Edinburgh on 23 May and toured to the Tron Theatre, Glasgow, the Byre Theatre, St Andrews and Lawrence Batley Theatre, Huddersfield. A. R. E. Born of Fire 1986, The City of Joy 1991, Age of Treason 1993, Wittgenstein 1993, Slave of Dreams 1995, “Children of Men”2007, “Trouble Sleeping”2008, “Morticia”2009. A. R. E. Dreams my Father Sold Me — poetry and artworks by Nabil Shaban The First To Go, An Original Play About Disabled People in Nazi Germany — by Nabil Shaban D. A. R. E
14.
Pavan Malhotra
–
Pavan Malhotra is a Hindi film and television actor. He has played roles in Buddhadeb Dasgupta’s National Film Award-winning Bagh Bahadur and Saeed Akhtar Mirza’s Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro. He is famous for his role as a mafia don Irfan Khan in the Telugu blockbuster Aithe. In 2005 he acted in the Telugu movie Anukokunda Oka Roju as a Tantrik, born in Delhi, Malhotra grew up in Nawabganj, New Delhi, and studied at Manav Sthali School. Meanwhile he had entered the industry and made his debut with Pankaj Parashars Ab Ayega Mazaa. Over the years he had worked with directors like Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Saeed Akhtar Mirza, Shyam Benegal, Deepa Mehta, in 2006, he was seen in Manish Goswami’s Aisa Desh Hai Mera on Sony television. He is seen on TV series Alag Alag and Partho Mitras Patang on DD Metro and he recently starred in the major hit movies Jab We Met and Bhaag Milkha Bhaag. He is currently acting in Lagi Tujhse Lagan as Malmal More on Colors TV and he has currently worked in hit movies like Punjab 1984, Children Of War. In 2016, a retrospective to mark his 25 years in cinema, was held at India International Centre, Delhi
15.
Iftekhar
–
Sayaddana Iftekhar Ahmed Shareef, often mononymously credited as Iftekhar, was a character actor in Bollywood films, especially known for his roles as police officer. Note, It is stated that actress Veena was Iftekhars sister and their individual biographies are conflicting and there is no indication that these two persons are related. Iftekhar was born in Jallandhar and was the eldest among four brothers, after completing his matriculation Iftekhar did a diploma course in painting from Lucknow College Of Arts. Iftekhar had a passion for singing and was impressed with the famous singer Kundanlal Sehgal, in his twenties Iftekhar travelled to Calcuttafor an audition conducted by the renowned music composer Kamal Dasgupta who was then serving for HMV. Dasgupta was so impressed by Iftekhars personality that he recommended his name to M. P, Iftekhar made his debut in the 1944 film “Taqraar” which was made under the banner of “Art Films-Kolkata. Many of Iftekhar’s close relative including his parents and siblings migrated to Pakistan during partition, Iftekhar preferred to stay in India though due to the riots he was forced to leave Calcutta. He, along with his wife and daughters migrated to Bombay where they struggled to make ends meet, Iftekhar had been introduced to actor Ashok Kumar during his time in Calcutta. He contacted Ashok Kumar in Mumbai who not only recognized Iftekhar, Iftekhar acted in over 400 films in a career that spanned from the 1940s through to the early 1990s. His roles ranged from father, uncle, great-uncle, grandfather, police officer, police commissioner, courtroom judge and he also did negative roles in Bandini, Sawan Bhadon, Khel Khel Mein and Agent Vinod. In the 1960s and 1970s, Iftekhar graduated to playing uncle, father, generally he played sympathetic characters but, on occasion, he played the heavy. One of his most memorable roles as a heavy was as Amitabh Bachchans corrupt industrialist mentor in Yash Chopras classic Deewaar, another of Iftekhars classic roles was as the police inspector in Prakash Mehras Zanjeer. It was a part, but the scene where Iftekhar reprimands the near hysteric Amitabh Bachchan for taking the law into his own hands is incredibly powerful. Apart from Hindi films he appeared in two episodes of the American TV series Maya in 1967 as well the English language films Bombay Talkie, Iftekhar married Hannah Joseph, a Jewish girl from Calcutta, renamed Rehana Ahmed. His elder daughter, Salma was born in 1946 and the younger one, Salma married Vipin Chandra Jain of Dehradun in 1964 and has one married daughter, now in London and also one son, Vishal Jain. Sheikh, but she expired in 1995, Iftekhar died on 1st March 1995, a few days after his younger daughters passing away. Col. Pratap Singh Rana City of Joy, Police Commissioner Paap Ko Jalaa Kar Raakh Kar Doonga. Senior Police Officer Marte Dam Tak, mr. Thakur – Sumitra Devis Father Tan-Badan. Dr. Prabhas Senior Ek Daku Saher Mein, lala Fakirchand Kabhi Ajnabi The Phaansi Ke Baad
16.
The Killing Fields (film)
–
The Killing Fields is a 1984 British drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists, Cambodian Dith Pran and American Sydney Schanberg. The adaptation for the screen was written by Bruce Robinson, the score was written by Mike Oldfield. In the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, during May 1973, the Cambodian national army is fighting a war with the Khmer Rouge. Dith Pran, a Cambodian journalist and interpreter for The New York Times, awaits the arrival of reporter Sydney Schanberg at the citys airport, Schanberg takes a cab to his hotel where he meets up with Al Rockoff. Pran meets Schanberg later and tells him that an incident has occurred in a town, Neak Leung, allegedly, Schanberg and Pran go to Neak Leung where they find that the town has been bombed. Schanberg and Pran are arrested when they try to photograph the execution of two Khmer Rouge operatives and they are eventually released and Schanberg is furious when the international press corps arrives with the U. S. Army. Two years later, in 1975, the Phnom Penh embassies are being evacuated in anticipation of the arrival of the Khmer Rouge, Schanberg secures evacuation for Pran, his wife and their four children. However, Pran insists that he would stay behind to help Schanberg, the Khmer Rouge move into the capital, ostensibly in peace. During a parade through the city, Schanberg meets Rockoff and they are later met by a detachment of the Khmer Rouge, who immediately arrest them. The group is taken through the city to an alley where prisoners are being held. Pran, unharmed because he is a Cambodian civilian, negotiates to spare the lives of his friends and they do not leave Phnom Penh, but instead retreat to the French embassy. Informed that the Khmer Rouge have ordered all Cambodian citizens in the embassy to be handed over and fearing the embassy will be overrun, Pran is turned over to the Khmer Rouge and is forced to live under their totalitarian regime. Several months after returning to New York City, Schanberg is in the midst of a campaign to locate Pran. In Cambodia, Pran has become a forced labourer under the Khmer Rouges Year Zero policy, Pran is also forced to attend propagandist classes where many undergo re-education. As intellectuals are made to disappear, Pran feigns simple-mindedness, eventually, he tries to escape, but is recaptured. In 1976 Sydney Schanberg is awarded a Pulitzer prize for his coverage of the Cambodian conflict, at the acceptance dinner he tells the audience that half the recognition for the award belongs to Pran. Later in the restroom, he is confronted by Rockoff, who accuses him of not doing enough to locate Pran. Schanberg defends his efforts, saying that he has contacted every humanitarian relief agency possible in the time since Prans disappearance, Rockoff suggests that Schanberg subtly pressured Pran to remain in Cambodia because Pran was so vital to Schanbergs work
17.
IMDb
–
In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
18.
Box Office Mojo
–
Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
19.
Rotten Tomatoes
–
Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
20.
Los Angeles Times
–
The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
21.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
22.
The Mission (1986 film)
–
The Mission is a 1986 British drama film about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in 18th century South America. Written by Robert Bolt and directed by Roland Joffé, the film stars Robert De Niro, Jeremy Irons, Ray McAnally, Aidan Quinn, Cherie Lunghi and it won the Palme dOr and the Academy Award for Best Cinematography. In April 2007, it was elected number one on the Church Times Top 50 Religious Films list, furthermore, it is one of fifteen films listed in the category Religion on the Vatican film list. The music, scored by Italian composer Ennio Morricone, ranked 1st on the Australian Broadcasting Corporations Classic 100 Music in the Movies, following mixed to positive reviews from critics, the film bombed at the box office and caused the deterioration of Goldcrest Films. Father Gabriel travels to the falls, climbs to the top, the Guaraní warriors, captivated by the music, allow him to live. After returning from another kidnapping trip Mendoza is told by his assumed fiancée, Carlotta, Mendoza later finds them in bed together and in a fit of rage kills Felipe in a duel. Although he is acquitted of the killing by Cabeza, Mendoza spirals into depression, Father Gabriel visits and challenges Mendoza to undertake a suitable penance. Mendoza accompanies the Jesuits on their return to the Guaraní village, scaling a cliff while dragging a heavy bundle containing his armour, Father Gabriels mission is depicted as a place of sanctuary and education for the Guaraní. Moved by the Guaranís acceptance, Mendoza wishes to help at the mission, in time, Mendoza takes vows and becomes a Jesuit under Father Gabriel and his colleague Father Fielding. The Jesuit missions were safe because they were protected under Spanish law, the Treaty of Madrid reapportioned South American land the Jesuit missions were located on, transferring the area to the Portuguese who allowed slavery. Under pressure from both Cabeza and Portuguese Governor Don Hontar, Cardinal Altamirano is forced to choose between two evils, Altamirano visits the missions and is amazed at their industry and success, both in converting the Indians and, in some cases, economically. At Father Gabriels mission of San Carlos he tries to explain the reasons behind closing the mission, the Guaraní question the validity of his claim, and argue Gods will was to settle and develop the mission. Father Gabriel and Mendoza, under threat of excommunication, state their intention to defend the mission alongside the Guaraní if the plantation owners and they are, however, divided on how to do this, and they debate how to respond to the impending military attack. Father Gabriel believes that violence is a crime against God. Mendoza, however, decides to break his vows to defend the Mission. Against Father Gabriels wishes, he teaches the natives the European art of war, when a joint Portuguese and Spanish force attack, the mission is initially defended by Mendoza, Fielding and the Guaraní. They are no match for the force and Mendoza is shot and fatally wounded after the soldiers destroy a trap. Fielding sacrifices himself by killing the Portuguese commander before he is killed, upon seeing the Church at the mission village the soldiers become reluctant to fire
23.
Fat Man and Little Boy
–
Fat Man and Little Boy is a 1989 film that reenacts the Manhattan Project, the secret Allied endeavor to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The film is named after the weapons Little Boy and Fat Man that were detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the code names, originally Fat Man and Thin Man, were drawn from characters in the works of Dashiell Hammett. However, theres a secondary allusion to stout project director Gen. Leslie Groves. The film focuses much attention on the strained relationship between the two men. The film was directed by Roland Joffé and written by Joffe, Groves picks University of California, Berkeley physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer to head the team of the project. Oppenheimer was familiar with northern New Mexico from his days when his family owned a cabin in the area. For the new facility, he selects a remote location on top of a mesa adjacent to a valley called Los Alamos Canyon. The different personalities of the military men Groves and the scientist Oppenheimer often clash in keeping the project on track, nurse Kathleen Robinson and the young physicist Michael Merriman question what they are doing. In the base hospital nurse Kathleen can only watch as he develops massive swelling, the snooping reveals that Oppenheimer has had a young mistress, Jean Tatlock, and he is ordered by the military to stop seeing her. After he breaks off their relationship without being able to reveal the reasons why, she is unable to cope with the heartache and is later found dead. As the project continues in multiple sites across America, technical problems and delays cause tensions, in the end, both bombs, Fat Man and Little Boy, were successful, ushering in the Atomic Age. The character of Michael Merriman is a composite of several people and is put into the film to provide a moral compass as the common man. Part of the character is based on the popular young scientist Louis Slotin. A very similar mishap happened less than two weeks after the Nagasaki bomb, claiming the life of Harry Daghlian, both incidents occurred with the same plutonium core, which became known as the Demon core. After he was picked to head the laboratory, he met with Tatlock one time, in mid-June 1943. After spending that night together, he never saw her again and she committed suicide six months after their meeting. Filming took place in the fall of 1988 mainly outside Durango, Mexico, the re-creation of the Los Alamos laboratory entailed 35 buildings and cost over US$2 million to construct in 1988. The highly dramatic film includes a closely aligned, romantic musical score created by long-time composer Ennio Morricone, never previously released in any format, the entire score and extra music were released in 2011 by La-La Land Records
24.
The Scarlet Letter (1995 film)
–
The Scarlet Letter is a 1995 American romantic drama film. It is a adaptation of the Nathaniel Hawthorne novel of the same name. It was directed by Roland Joffé and stars Demi Moore, Gary Oldman and this version was freely adapted from Hawthorne and deviated from the original story. It was nominated for seven Golden Raspberry Awards at the 1995 ceremony and it is 1667 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and an uneasy truce exists between local Puritans and their neighbours, the Algonquian. Chief Metacomet succeeds his father Massasoit as head of the latter just as a new colonist, as Hester waits for her husband - who is due to follow shortly after - she falls for a young minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. When it emerges that Roger Prynne has likely killed by Native Americans. Finding herself pregnant with Dimmesdales child, Hester is imprisoned for her indiscretion, the minister intends to declare his sin and face execution, but Hester convinces him otherwise. Sentenced to wear a scarlet A for adultery, Prynne is ostracized by the public, meanwhile, Hesters husband resurfaces, having spent his absence in captivity as a prisoner of war. Learning of the scandal, he adopts the guise of Dr. Roger Chillingworth. The physician eventually murders a male settler leaving Hesters home and scalps him in an effort to implicate Algonquian warriors, infuriated by this atrocity, the colonists declare war on the Indians and Roger, distraught by the severe consequences of his action, promptly commits suicide. Hester is nearly hanged with other undesirables in the ensuing outrage, as he takes her place on the gallows, the Algonquian attack Massachusetts Bay, both sides sustain heavy casualties. The Puritans are more concerned with concealing the conflict from England than harassing Hester any further, she abandons her scarlet letter. In Shelburne, the waterfront area was altered to resemble a Puritan New England town in the mid-17th century. Some of the buildings on Dock Street retain the grey-tone paint finishes used for the film, three original scores were written for this film. The first score was composed by Ennio Morricone and was quickly rejected, a second score was composed by Elmer Bernstein, but his music was set aside in lieu of the final score, composed by John Barry. Reportedly, star Demi Moore wanted a score by Barry from the start, so Morricones and Bernsteins music were not going to be accepted, barrys score was released on CD by Sony Records upon the films release in 1995. A CD of Bernsteins rejected score was released by Varèse Sarabande in 2008, no recordings of Morricones score have been released to the public. The film drew negative reviews from critics, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 14% approval rating, based on 35 reviews
25.
Goodbye Lover
–
Goodbye Lover is a comedic neo-noir film about a murder plot surrounding an alcoholic advertising agency worker and his adulterous wife. The film was directed by Roland Joffé, and stars Patricia Arquette, Dermot Mulroney, Don Johnson, Ellen DeGeneres, the film premiered at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, before being released theatrically in 1999. Reshoots of the films were shot on Rodeo drive in Beverly Hills, the original script was written by Ron Peer. Subsequent drafts were written by Robert Pucci, then Buck Henry and this film served as a basis of inspiration for the Bollywood film, Race. Patricia Arquette - Sandra Dunmore Dermot Mulroney - Jake Dunmore Mary-Louise Parker - Peggy Blane Ellen DeGeneres - Sgt
26.
Vatel (film)
–
The film, based on the life of 17th-century French chef François Vatel, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction – Set Decoration. The film opened the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, the story takes place in 1671. In the prelude to the Franco-Dutch War, a financially struggling Louis II de Bourbon, the Prince wants a commission as a general, and spares no expense in order to impress the king. In charge of organizing the event is François Vatel, Master of Festivities and Pleasures in the princes household, Vatel is a man of great honor and talent, but of low birth. As the great Condé is prepared to do anything in his quest for stature, while Vatel tries to sustain dignity amidst the extravaganza he is meant to orchestrate, he finds himself in love with Anne de Montausier, the kings latest lover, who returns his affections. However, due to their social standing and the rigid hierarchy of the court. Disheartened and refusing to leave his people and go to work for the King and this explanation pleases the King very much. Anne de Montausier is grief-stricken upon hearing the news, but knows she must not speak of it, in doing so, she flees the court quietly and no one ever hears about her and Vatel again. Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, Grand Condé Julian Sands, philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, Monsieur only brother of King Louis XIV. Claire Clémence de Maillé, Princess of Condé Marine Delterme, madame de Montespan mistress of King Louis XIV. Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, Duchess of Longueville Jérôme Pradon, marquis of Effiat lover of the Monsieur. Marie Thérèse of Austria wife of King Louis XIV, louise de la Vallière another mistress of the king. Rotten Tomatoes, an aggregator, reports that 31% of 32 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review. The sites consensus reads, Visually sumptuous, but unengaging, metacritic rated it 44/100 based on 13 reviews. Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times called it a drama with far more costumes than drama. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it a tale of love. Vatel at the Internet Movie Database Vatel at Rotten Tomatoes
27.
Captivity (film)
–
Captivity is a 2007 Russian-American horror thriller film directed by Roland Joffé, written by Larry Cohen and Joseph Tura, and starring Elisha Cuthbert and Daniel Gillies. A young man is being tortured, two tubes are inserted into his nose, and truck battery acid is pumped in through one pipe, causing blood to pour out through the other. The mans captor then kills him with a large hammer, Jennifer Tree, a young fashion model and cover girl, had captured the attention of photographers and for better or worse, the public at large. On an evening out alone, Jennifer is stalked and drugged and she wakes in a stupor to find herself captive and confined to a cell. A series of bins and numbered lockers abruptly swing open in front of her. They contain personal items taken from her apartment and she is forced to view videotapes containing images of the victims who were tortured previous to her captivity, as well as videotaped interviews she had given to the media in the past. Realizing there is no way out, Jennifer pleads and screams to anyone who might hear her, during her confinement, she is subjected to various forms of psychological torture. Jennifer eventually finds she is not alone, a young man, Gary, is being held captive in an adjoining cell. The two make contact and try to find out why they are being held, after watching the horrific scene, they find their way out. They both make it to a garage where they find a car, as soon as they are about to start it, a gas erupts in the car making them both unconscious. They find themselves back in their cells where Jennifer sees a tape of Gary being taken, after a while of Jennifer worrying, she sees Gary being thrown into his cell. She rushes to him and helps him, after having consensual sex, Gary awakens to find Jennifer, who has been drugged once again. He takes out a key to an adjoining cell, after Gary awakens he discovers Jennifer had drunk a bottle of water that had a drug in it to put her to sleep. He then gets up to wipe the blood off his nose, garys key opens a door into a house, revealing that Gary and his older brother Ben are actually the captors. Gary joins Ben in the kitchen where they make sushi, Gary tells Ben that he is falling in love with Jennifer. Ben then puts something in the fridge, when he turns around, Gary stabs him. Gary then watches the tape of the woman lying on the bed that was shown earlier. The boy stabbing his mother is revealed to have been Gary looking at a smirking Ben, after the tape, Gary is seen reviewing a series of pictures in an album, and then there is a knock at the door
28.
You and I (2011 film)
–
The film features Mischa Barton, Anton Yelchin, Charlie Creed-Miles, Helena Mattsson, Alexander Kaluzhsky, Bronson Pinchot and Shantel VanSanten. The film is about a girl, Lana, who moves from a rural town in Russia to Moscow, completely unaware that meeting an internet girlfriend, Janie. Casting and filming began in May 2007, and it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2008, the film was released in the United States on January 31,2012. Despite the film not being released to film critics, You. The film is about Janie Sawyer, an American teenager who is forced to live in Moscow because of her fathers job, Janie is trying to escape her lonely life in Moscow through her deep love of music and the internet. Janie and Lana Starkova meet on a fansite for the pop-band t. A. T. u. Trapped in a small Russian town, Lana wants desperately nothing more than to flee her mundane life causing the two girls to develop an instant connection through their love of t. A. T. u. s music. The two girls one of Lanas poems into a song and post it on the internet. T. A. T. u. s manager hears the song being played by a music producer. He later contacts the girls, instead of the producer, hoping they will allow t. A. T. u. to record the song without the producer. Janie and Lanas relationship then becomes the catalyst for a series of adventures through both the bottom and highlights of Moscows society. Aleksey Mitrofanov, the author of the novel on which the film is based, is playing a part in the production of the film. The group will not be playing Janie and Lana in the film, prior to its release, Lena Katina and Julia Volkova stated that they believed You and I to be scandalous. Mitrofanov has mentioned that in selecting a director, they looked for one who knew the market well. They turned to American production companies, and an English director and it was filmed in Moscow, Yaroslavl, and in Los Angeles, California, the story is based in Russia, mainly Moscow. Filming was scheduled to end on 14 August 2007 and editing began soon after, Mischa Barton was a no-show at the Cannes premiere of the film and didnt show up for promotion in London. The director, award-winning Roland Joffé, shockingly, told BBC Radio 1 host Natalie Jamieson, She hasnt pulled out of interviews and her room is here, she is here, but trying to get the two together has just been impossible. We just dont know where Mischa is, in a June 2009 interview with the Mail on Sunday, Barton dispelled previous claims that she was dissatisfied with the project
29.
There Be Dragons
–
There Be Dragons is a 2011 American-Spanish-Argentine historical epic film written and directed by Roland Joffé. It is a set during the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s and features themes such as betrayal, love and hatred, forgiveness, friendship. The film was released on 6 May 2011 and it includes the story of soldiers, a journalist, his father, and a real life priest, Josemaría Escrivá, the founder of Opus Dei who was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. The film stars Charlie Cox, Wes Bentley, Rodrigo Santoro, Derek Jacobi, Geraldine Chaplin, Jordi Mollà, Golshifteh Farahani, Dougray Scott, Olga Kurylenko, Unax Ugalde and Lily Cole. Director Roland Joffé said There Be Dragons is a story about trying to find meaning about their lives. The epic film tells the story of a Spanish journalist, Robert, who is mending relations with his father, Manolo. The journalist discovers through his investigations that his father was a childhood friend of Josemaría Escrivá. Manolo became a soldier during the Spanish Civil War and became obsessed with a beautiful Hungarian revolutionary and she rejects him and gives herself to a brave militia leader Oriol. Manolo becomes jealous and takes a path of betrayal, the film includes the early life of Josemaría Escrivá, the controversial founder of Opus Dei. Escrivá, who died in 1975, was canonized by John Paul II in 2002, There Be Dragons is a drama which explores themes such as betrayal, forgiveness, friendship, and finding the meaning of life in everyday life. According to Joffé, they are making a film about love, human love and divine love, about hate, about betrayal, about war, about mistakes, about everything it is to be a human being. Josemaria, Cox adds, understood that the one must forgive is because that hatred and that anger. Reconciliation matters is the main take away message that Joffe expects from the viewers, life, he said, is an opportunity to love, Its a choice, and in making that decision you become free. You do not become free when you hate. The weird thing is when you love, you feel it like a breath of freedom, you think ‘Oh my God, I’ve chosen this. The title refers to its theme exploring the unknown territories of hatred, guilt, guy J. Louthan and Opus Dei members Ignacio G. Sancha and Ignacio Núñez are also producers. Sancha and Núñez created a fund that has resources from private equity funds and other institutional, the television network and media company, Antena 3, the first private station in Spain, is also funding the film. The production services have been provided by Morena Films of Spain, Joffé also initially turned down the offer to work as the films director
30.
The Lovers (2013 film)
–
The Lovers is a 2013 English-language romance time travel adventure film directed by Roland Joffé and written by Ajey Jhankar. The film stars Josh Hartnett, Bipasha Basu, Alice Englert, Tamsin Egerton, in 2020, marine archeologist Jay Fennel is brain dead after trying to save his wife Laura who got trapped exploring the wreck of a colonial British merchant ship. The comatose Fennel dreams about the adventures of Captain James Stewart in 1778 Pune, bradleys Limelight International Media Entertainment, Wei Hans Bliss Media and co-financed by Ajey Jhankars Neelmudra Entertainment. Sales outfit Corsan World Sales, a division of Corsan NV, is handling international sales, the Anglo-Indian historical romance is Bipasha Basus first English language film. She was encouraged to take up her debut by Oscar-winning actress Hilary Swank. Though originally planned for shooting partly in the United Kingdom, production began in Queensland, Australia and it concluded there on the third week of December 2010. The production then moved to India on 31 March 2011 for a five weeks, roaming the rocky terrain of Chambal, Orchha. Principal photography wrapped on 23 April 2011, in June 2012, Belgian-based financing and production outfit Corsan agreed to put further money into the production, and the final scenes were to be shot in London. In September 2012, it was reported that the filming in London was finished, and in May 2013, producer Paul Breuls confirmed that the film has been finally completed and aims to launch it at an autumn festival. A preview trailer for the film premiered on 6 December 2011 at the 11th annual Festival International du Film de Marrakech during a class given by Roland Joffé. In late April 2014, the production company Corsan announced that the film would be shown at the 67th annual Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2014 under the new name The Lovers, the film was released on DVD in the UK as Time Traveller in 2016. The Lovers at the Internet Movie Database The Lovers at Rotten Tomatoes International Sales Production
.jpg)
