1.
Coffeehouse
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A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages, tea, and other hot beverages. Some coffeehouses also serve cold beverages such as iced coffee and iced tea, many cafés also serve some type of food, such as light snacks, muffins, or pastries. Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to multinational corporations. A coffeehouse may share some of the characteristics of a bar or restaurant. Many coffee houses in the Middle East and in West Asian immigrant districts in the Western world offer shisha, espresso bars are a type of coffeehouse that specializes in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks. Since the development of Wi-Fi, coffeehouses with this capability have also become places for patrons to access the Internet on their laptops, a coffeehouse can serve as an informal club for its regular members. As early as the 1950s Beatnik era and the 1960s folk music scene, coffeehouses have hosted singer-songwriter performances, coffeehouses in Mecca became a concern as places for political gatherings to the imams, who banned them, as well as the drink, for Muslims between 1512 and 1524. In 1530, the first coffeehouse was opened in Damascus and not long there were many coffeehouses in Cairo. About that year, a fellow called Hakam from Aleppo and a wag called Shams from Damascus came to the city, they opened a large shop in the district called Tahtakale. Various legends involving the introduction of coffee to Istanbul at a Kiva Han in the late 15th century circulate in culinary tradition, resembling checkers, hopscotch, and chess, are played. In addition, mollas, dervishes, and poets take turns telling stories in verse or in prose, the narrations by the mollas and the dervishes are moral lessons, like our sermons, but it is not considered scandalous not to pay attention to them. No one is forced to give up his game or his conversation because of it. It often happens that two or three people talk at the time, one on one side, the other on the opposite, and sometimes one will be a preacher. The most common English spelling, café, is the French, Portuguese and Spanish spelling, thus the spelling cafe has become very common in English-language usage throughout the world, especially for the less formal, i. e. greasy spoon variety. The Italian spelling, caffè, is sometimes used in English. In southern England, especially around London in the 1950s, the French pronunciation was often altered to /ˈkæf/. The English words coffee and café both descend from the Italian word for coffee, caffè—first attested as caveé in Venice in 1570— and in turn derived from the Arabic qahuwa. The Arabic term qahuwa originally referred to a type of wine but after the ban by Mohammed
2.
Doughnut shop
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Doughnut shops specialize in the preparation and retail sales of doughnuts. A doughnut is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food, the doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty outlets. They are usually deep-fried from a dough, and typically either ring-shaped or without a hole. Doughnut shops have been described as common in Canada and as a national institution, per capita, the largest concentration of doughnut shops in the world exist in Canada, and Japan has the second-highest concentration per capita. Per capita, Canadians eat the most doughnuts compared to all world countries, the large number of Tim Hortons restaurants in Canada significantly contributes to this consumption rate. Within the United States, the Providence metropolitan area was cited as having the most doughnut shops per capita as of January 13,2010, many doughnut shops, such as U. S. national chains, serve coffee as an accompaniment to doughnuts. Doughnut shops List of bakery cafés List of coffeehouse chains List of doughnut varieties List of fried dough foods Lists of restaurants National Doughnut Day Pettersen,10 tastiest doughnut shops in the USA. Sweet,101 Amazing American Doughnut Shops With Serious Street Cred
3.
Coffee
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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa, and Madagascar, the two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried, dried coffee seeds are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage. Coffee is slightly acidic and can have an effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world and it can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is also served, the earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a way to how it is now prepared. Coffee seeds were first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as the coffea arabica plant is thought to have been indigenous to the former, yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, it had reached Persia, Turkey, from there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world. Coffee is an export commodity, it is the top agricultural export for numerous countries and is among the worlds largest legal agricultural exports. It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries, green coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Consequently, the markets for fair trade coffee and organic coffee are expanding. The first reference to coffee in the English language is in the form chaona, dated to 1598 and understood to be a misprint of chaoua, equivalent, in the orthography of the time, to chaova. This term and coffee both derive from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, by way of the Italian caffè and it has also been proposed that the source may be the Proto-Central Semitic root q-h-h meaning dark. Alternatively, the word Khat, a plant widely used as stimulant in Yemen and Ethiopia before being supplanted by coffee has been suggested as a possible origin, the expression coffee break was first attested in 1952. The term coffee pot dates from 1705, other accounts attribute the discovery of coffee to Sheikh Omar. According to the ancient chronicle, Omar, who was known for his ability to cure the sick through prayer, was exiled from Mocha in Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab
4.
Doughnut
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A doughnut or donut is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food. The doughnut is popular in countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls. Doughnuts are usually deep-fried from a dough, and typically either ring-shaped or without a hole. Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing. In addition to flour, doughnuts may also include such ingredients as water, leavening, eggs, milk, sugar, oil/shortening, the two most common types are the ring doughnut and the filled doughnut—which is injected with fruit preserves, cream, custard, or other sweet fillings. A small spherical piece of dough may be cooked as a doughnut hole, once doughnuts have been fried, they may be glazed with a sugar icing, spread with icing or chocolate, or topped with powdered sugar or sprinkles or fruit. Other shapes include rings, balls, and flattened spheres, as well as ear shapes, twists, Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake and yeast-risen type doughnuts. Donuts are often accompanied by coffee when they are purchased at shops or fast food restaurants. This smaller piece of dough can be cooked and served as a hole or added back to the batch to make more doughnuts. A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and pinched into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole, alternatively, a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough directly into the fryer. There are two types of ring doughnuts, those made from a dough for raised doughnuts, or those made from a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts oil content is around 20%, cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at approximately 190 °C to 198 °C, turning once. Yeast-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 g and 28 g, whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38 g and are generally larger, and taller when finished. After frying, ring doughnuts are often topped, raised doughnuts are generally covered with a glaze. Cake doughnuts can also be glazed, or powdered with confectioners sugar, or covered with cinnamon and they are also often topped with cake frosting and sometimes sprinkled with coconut, chopped peanuts, or sprinkles. Doughnut holes are small, bite-sized doughnuts that were made from the dough taken from the center of ring doughnuts. Traditionally, doughnut holes are made by frying the dough removed from the portion of the doughnut. Consequently, they are smaller than a standard doughnut and tend to be spherical
5.
Break (work)
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A break at work is a period of time during a shift in which an employee is allowed to take time off from his/her job. There are different types of breaks, and depending on the length and the employers policies, meal breaks or lunch breaks usually range from twenty minutes to one hour. Their purpose is to allow the employee to have a meal that is scheduled during the work day. For a typical daytime job, this is lunch, but this may vary for those with work hours. It is not uncommon for this break to be unpaid, according to a study, the amount of time people are taking for lunch breaks in the United States is shrinking, thereby making the term lunch hour a misnomer. Some employers request the lunch to be taken at their work station or not offering lunch breaks at all, many employees are taking shorter lunch breaks in order to compete with other employees for a better position, and to show their productivity. In some places, such as the state of California, meal breaks are legally mandated, penalties can be severe for failing to adequately staff ones business premises so that all employees can rotate through their mandatory meal and rest breaks. On April 12,2012 the Supreme Court of California issued its opinion in Brinker Restaurant Corp. et al. v. Superior Court. Which addressed a number of issues that have been the subject of litigation in California for many years. Importantly, the court agreed that employers are not obliged to police meal breaks to ensure no work is performed. A short break to allow an employee to use a restroom or WC, many employers expect their employees to use the facilities during their regularly scheduled breaks and lunches. Denying employees rights to use the facilities as needed could adversely affect workplace sanitation and workers health and could create legal issues for both these and other reasons. Employers and co-workers often frown on employees who are seen as taking too many of these breaks, in todays setting however, restroom breaks are generally accepted and not tracked by employers. In 2017, an official in the Swedish town of Overtornea proposed an hour-long break for sexual activity, for more see article on Coffee culture. An afternoon coffee break, or afternoon tea, often occurs as well, the origin of the tea break as is now incorporated into the law of most countries, stems from research undertaken in England in the early 1900s. Dr A F Stanley Kent, an Oxford graduate and the first Professor of Physiology at University College, Bristol and this was due to its noted bearing on incidence of accidents and excessive sickness. The monotony of work and the effect of alcohol on muscular activity, the Tea Break came as a direct result of this work. Meeting this challenge, Dr Kent showed the letter from the Home Secretary, the results of Dr Kents study were presented to both Houses of Parliament on 17 August 1915 in an Interim Report on Industrial Fatigue by Physiological Methods
6.
Krispy Kreme
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Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. is an American global doughnut company and coffeehouse chain based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Krispy Kreme is a privately held company owned by JAB Beech, in the United States, Krispy Kremes products are sold via their own outlets as well as through grocery, convenience stores and supermarkets. They are also available in countries through various channels. The companys growth was steady prior to its public offering. On February 24,2015, Krispy Kreme opened its 1, 000th shop in Kansas City, the store struggled during the Great Depression, so in 1934, Vernon and Ishmael decided to move to the larger city of Nashville, Tennessee where they hoped business would be better. The uncle and nephew focused solely on selling their doughnuts and opened The Krispy Kreme Doughnut Company in a store on Gallatin Road. The shop did so well that Vernons father, Plumie, also left Kentucky, rudolph primarily sold to convenience stores, however, he also sold hot doughnuts to individual customers who came during production time between midnight and 4 am. The first store in North Carolina was located in a building on South Main Street in Winston-Salem in what is now called historic Old Salem. The Krispy Kreme logo was designed by Benny Dinkins, a local architect, the first Krispy Kreme bakery outside the South opened in Akron, Ohio, in 1939. Expansion occurred in the 1950s, including a store in Savannah. By the 1960s, Krispy Kreme was known throughout the Southeast, in 1976, Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Beatrice Foods of Chicago, Illinois. The headquarters for Krispy Kreme remained in Winston-Salem, a group of franchisees purchased the corporation back from Beatrice Foods in 1982. In May 2016, JAB Beech, a German investment firm, the transaction closed on July 27,2016. Krispy Kreme began another phase of expansion in the 1990s. Then, in December 2001, Krispy Kreme opened its first store outside the U. S. in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, on April 5,2000, the corporation went public on the NASDAQ at $21 using the ticker symbol KREM. On May 17,2001, Krispy Kreme switched to the New York Stock Exchange, with the ticker symbol KKD, which it carried until its private acquisition. The stock reached what would be its all-time high of $50 on the New York Stock Exchange in August 2003, for the fiscal year ending in February 2004, the company reported sales of $665.6 million and operating profits of $94.7 million from almost 400 stores. The market initially considered the company as having solid fundamentals, adding stores at a clip and showing steadily increasing sales
7.
International Coffee Day
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International Coffee Day is an occasion that is used to promote and celebrate coffee as a beverage, with events now occurring in places across the world. The first official date was 1 October 2015, as agreed by the International Coffee Organization and was launched in Milan and this day is also used to promote fair trade coffee and to raise awareness for the plight of the coffee growers. On this day, many businesses offer free or discounted cups of coffee, some businesses share coupons and special deals with their loyal followers via social networking. Some greeting card companies sell National Coffee Day greeting cards as well as free e-cards, at a meeting on 3–7 March 2014, a decision was taken by the International Coffee Organization to launch the first official International Coffee Day in Milan as part of Expo 2015. Various events have held, called Coffee Day or National Coffee Day. The exact origin of International Coffee Day is unknown, an event was first promoted in Japan in 1983 by The All Japan Coffee Association. In the United States National Coffee Day was mentioned publicly as early as 2005 and it was promoted in China by the International Coffee Organization, first celebrated in 1997, and made into an annual celebration in early April 2001. Taiwan first celebrated International Coffee Day in 2009, nepal first celebrated National Coffee Day on November 17,2005. Indonesia, which first celebrated National Coffee Day on August 17,2006, celebrates it on the same day as Indonesias Independence Day
8.
Tim Hortons
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Tim Hortons Inc. is a multinational fast food restaurant based in Canada, known for its coffee and donuts. It is also Canadas largest quick service restaurant chain, as of December 31,2016 and it was founded in 1964 in Hamilton, Ontario, by Canadian hockey player Tim Horton and Jim Charade, after an initial venture in hamburger restaurants. In 1967, Horton partnered with investor Ron Joyce, who assumed control over operations after Horton died in 1974, Joyce expanded the chain into a multimillion-dollar franchise. Charade left the organization in 1966 and briefly returned in 1970 and 1993 through 1996, the business was founded by Miles G. Tim Horton, who played in the National Hockey League from 1949 until his death in a traffic collision in 1974. Horton had a venture in hamburger restaurants. Soon after Horton opened the store, he met Ron Joyce, in 1965, Joyce took over the fledgling Tim Horton Donut Shop on Ottawa Street North in Hamilton. By 1967, after he had opened up two stores, he and Tim Horton became full partners in the business. Upon Hortons death in a crash in 1974, Joyce bought out the Horton familys shares for $1 million. Joyce expanded the chain quickly and aggressively in geography and in product selection, the 500th store opened in 1991. Ron Joyces aggressive expansion of the Tim Hortons business resulted in changes to the Canadian coffee. Many independent doughnut shops and small chains were driven out of business, the company had originally been incorporated as Tim Donut Limited. By the 1990s, the name had changed to The TDL Group Ltd. This was an effort by the company to diversify the business, removing the primary emphasis on doughnuts, the company had removed the apostrophe after signs using the apostrophe were interpreted by some to be breaking the language sign laws of the Province of Quebec in 1993. The removal of the apostrophe allowed the company to have one common sign image across Canada, although a number of Quebec locations have bilingual menuboards, the decision to have both languages represented is left to the discretion of each franchise owner. Some locations have French-only menu boards, murphy invited Joyce and Wendys chairman Dave Thomas to the grand opening of the combo store, where the two executives met for the first time and immediately established a rapport. Murphys success with combining coffee and doughnuts with Wendys fast food led to August 8,1995 acquisition of and merger with TDL Group by Wendys International, Joyce became the largest shareholder in Wendys, even surpassing Thomas. TDL Group continued to operate as a subsidiary from its head office in Oakville, Ontario. The sale was widely commented on in the media, Tim Hortons franchises spread rapidly and eventually overtook McDonalds as Canadas largest food service operator
9.
Dunkin' Donuts
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Dunkin Donuts is an American global donut company and coffeehouse chain based in Canton, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston. It was founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts, since its founding, the company has grown to become one of the largest coffee and baked goods chains in the world, with more than 12,000 restaurants in 36 countries. The chains products include donuts, bagels, other baked goods, before 1990, Dunkin Donuts primary competitor was Mister Donut, but in February of that year Mister Donut was acquired by Dunkin Donuts owner Allied-Lyons. After the acquisition of Mister Donut by Allied-Lyons, all Mister Donut stores in North America were offered the chance to change their name to Dunkin Donuts, as of 2014, Dunkin Donuts is owned by Dunkin Brands Inc. which also owns Baskin-Robbins and previously owned the Togos chain. In 1948, William Rosenberg opened Open Kettle, a restaurant selling donuts and coffee in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1950, the restaurant was given the name Dunkin Donuts. Rosenberg conceived of the idea for the restaurant after his experiences selling food in factories and at construction sites, the restaurant was successful, and Rosenberg sold franchises of Dunkin Donuts to others starting in 1955. In 1963, Rosenberg’s son Robert became CEO of the company at the age of 25, in that same year, Dunkin’ Donuts opened its 100th location. Dunkin Donuts was at the time a subsidiary of Universal Food Systems, and Dunkin Donuts locations varied greatly, with some selling full breakfasts and other food and others serving only donuts and coffee. In the following years, the businesses in the Universal Food Systems portfolio were sold or closed. The menu and shop format were standardized, and various new items were introduced. In 1990, Allied Lyons, which already owned Baskin-Robbins, purchased Dunkin Donuts, by 1998, the brand had grown to 2,500 locations worldwide with $2 billion in annual sales. In 2006, Dunkin Donuts began using the slogan America Runs on Dunkin which continues to be used in advertisement campaigns. By 2010, Dunkin Donuts global system-wide sales were $6 billion, in 2012, Dunkin Donuts launched an application for payment and gifting for iPhone, iPod touch, and Android smartphones. Dunkin Donuts has several varieties of donuts, however, only 8% of the chains sales are donuts, 65% are drinks, and 27% are other food items. There are also ice coffees, lattes, and macchiatos that can have such as caramel, hazelnut. Seasonal flavors are also presented to customers for a duration of time. During the fall, customers can also choose pumpkin or salted caramel as a flavor, during the winter, customers can have peppermint hot chocolate. Since October 18,2007, Dunkin Donuts locations in the United States have reduced trans fats from their menu items by switching to a blend of oils, palm, soybean, international locations are expected to adopt the change over time
10.
Caffeine
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Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the worlds most widely consumed psychoactive drug, unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the nervous system. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid and it is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and helps to protect them against predator insects and prevent germination of nearby seeds. The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular, in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily. Caffeine can have positive and negative health effects. It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity, Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinsons disease, some people experience insomnia or sleep disruption if they consume caffeine, especially during the evening hours, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal, some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit consumption to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Tolerance to the effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate. Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe, toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical doses of under 500 milligrams per day. A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what bean is used, thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach a lethal dose. However pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, Caffeine is used in, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants for both prevention and treatment. It may improve weight gain during therapy and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy as well as reduce language, on the other hand, subtle long-term side effects are possible. Apnea of prematurity as a treatment, but not prevention
11.
Alcoholics Anonymous
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Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AAs stated primary purpose is to help alcoholics stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety, with other early members, Bill Wilson and Bob Smith developed AAs Twelve Step program of spiritual and character development. AAs initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable, the Traditions recommend that members and groups remain anonymous in public media, altruistically help other alcoholics and avoid official affiliations with other organizations. They also advise against dogma and coercive hierarchies, subsequent fellowships such as Narcotics Anonymous have adopted and adapted the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions to their respective primary purposes. According to AAs 2014 membership survey, 27% of members have been less than one year, 24% have 1–5 years sober, 13% have 5–10 years, 14% have 10–20 years. Studies of AAs efficacy have produced inconsistent results, while some studies have suggested an association between AA attendance and increased abstinence or other positive outcomes, other studies have not. The first female member, Florence Rankin, joined AA in March 1937, and the first non-Protestant member, AA membership has since spread across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values, including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroots movements. Over 2 million people worldwide are members of AA as of 2016, AAs name is derived from its first book, informally called The Big Book, originally titled Alcoholics Anonymous, The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered From Alcoholism. AA sprang from The Oxford Group, a non-denominational movement modeled after first-century Christianity, some members founded the Group to help in maintaining sobriety. Feeling a kinship of common suffering and, though drunk, Wilson attended his first Group gathering, within days, Wilson admitted himself to the Charles B. Towns Hospital after drinking four beers on the way—the last alcohol he ever drank, under the care of Dr. William Duncan Silkworth, Wilsons detox included the deliriant belladonna. At the hospital a despairing Wilson experienced a flash of light. Following his hospital discharge Wilson joined the Oxford Group and recruited other alcoholics to the Group, Wilsons early efforts to help others become sober were ineffective, prompting Dr. Silkworth to suggest that Wilson place less stress on religion and more on the science of treating alcoholism. Wilsons first success came during a trip to Akron, Ohio, where he was introduced to Dr. Robert Smith. After thirty days of working with Wilson, Smith drank his last drink on June 10,1935, by 1937, Wilson separated from the Oxford Group. AA Historian Ernest Kurtz described the split. more and more, Bill discovered that new adherents could get sober by believing in each other and this, then—whatever it was that occurred among them—was what they could accept as a power greater than themselves. They did not need the Oxford Group, in 1955, Wilson acknowledged AAs debt, saying The Oxford Groupers had clearly shown us what to do. And just as importantly, we learned from them not to do
12.
New York Daily News
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes
13.
Willamette Week
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Willamette Week is an alternative weekly newspaper and a website published in Portland, Oregon, United States, since 1974. It features reports on news, politics, sports, business. Willamette Week is the weekly newspaper to have had one of its reporters, Nigel Jaquiss. It is also the first newspaper to have won a Pulitzer for a story first published online, Willamette Week was founded in 1974 by Ronald A. Buel, who served as its first publisher. It was later owned by the Eugene Register-Guard, which sold it in the fall of 1983 to Richard H. Meeker and Mark Zusman, who took the positions of publisher and editor, respectively. Meeker had been one of the papers first reporters, starting in 1974, Meeker and Zusman formed City of Roses Newspaper Company to publish WW and a sister publication, Fresh Weekly, a free guide to local arts and entertainment. WW had a circulation at that time, with about 12,000 subscribers. In June 2015, Richard Meeker stepped down as Willamette Weeks publisher, after more than 31 years in the position, editor Mark Zusman succeeded him as publisher, while also retaining the editorship. Meeker planned to continue working for the City of Roses Newspaper Company, prior to his death in 2010, cartoonist John Callahans long-running comic Callahan appeared weekly in the paper. Since 1984, the paper has been free, it generates over 80% of its revenue through display advertising and its pre-tax profit is around 5%, a third to a half of what large mass-media companies require. Notable stories first reported by WW include, In 2009, reporting that then-City Commissioner Sam Adams engaged in a relationship with a legislative intern. Rumors of a relationship between the two men had circulated during Adams campaign for mayor, but Adams denied any sexual relationship, only after Willamette Week contacted Adams for comment on an upcoming story did he admit publicly that there had been a sexual relationship. However, he stipulated that there had no relationship between them until after Breedlove turned 18. Adams said hed previously lied about the relationship in order to avoid feeding negative stereotypes of gay men as somehow predatory, Smith, a Republican, had been a fierce opponent of illegal immigration and had voted against an amnesty bill. Two months later, Smith lost a bid, credited in part to Willamette Weeks story. Making public Neil Goldschmidts long-concealed sexual misconduct with a 14-year-old girl, Goldschmidt, a former Oregon governor, was mayor of Portland at the time of the abuse. That interview ran prior to Willamette Weeks report appearing in print, however, the alternative weekly did finally get the scoop, breaking the Goldschmidt story first on its website. Nigel Jaquiss won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting for his work on that story, in 2014 and 2015, WW published a series of stories about then Governor John Kitzhaber and his fiancee, Cylvia Hayes, and allegations of pay for play
14.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
15.
CNBC
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CNBC is an American basic cable, internet and satellite business news television channel that is owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a division of NBCUniversal, owned by Comcast. As of February 2015, CNBC is available to approximately 93,623,000 pay television households in the United States, in 2007, the network was ranked as the 19th most valuable cable channel in the United States, worth roughly $4 billion. In addition to the domestic U. S. feed, various localized versions of CNBC also operate, serving different regions, NBCUniversal is the owner, or a minority stakeholder, in many of these versions. CNBC had its beginnings around 1980 as the Satellite Program Network, showing a mix of old movies, instructional. The channel later changed its name to Tempo Television, after initially signing a letter of intent to acquire Tempo, NBC eventually opted for a deal to lease the channels transponder in June 1988. On this platform, and under the guidance of Tom Rogers, NBC and Cablevision initially operated CNBC as a 50-50 joint venture, choosing to headquarter the channel in Fort Lee, New Jersey. CNBC had considerable difficulty getting cable carriage at first, as many providers were skeptical of placing it alongside the longer-established Financial News Network. By the winter of 1990, CNBC was only in 17 million homes – less than half of FNNs potential reach – despite having the muscle of NBC standing behind it, however, around this time, FNN encountered serious financial difficulties. The deal increased the distribution of the enlarged network to over 40 million homes. Cablevision sold its 50% stake to NBC upon completion of the deal, with the full name Consumer News and Business Channel dropped, the networks business programming was at first branded CNBC/FNN, although this was phased out before the mid-1990s. Under Rogers leadership, CNBC began to grow during the 1990s, NBC Universal reacquired full control of loss-making CNBC Europe and CNBC Asia from Dow Jones at the end of 2005. The licensing agreement between Dow and CNBC U. S. remained intact, however, a rolling ticker provides real-time updates on share prices on the NYSE, NASDAQ, and AMEX, as well as market indices, news summaries, and weather updates by NBC meteorologists. A rotating top band of the screen rotates provides real-time updates on index and commodity prices from world markets. As of January 4,2016, the networks 480i standard definition feed now shows the same 16,9 HD feed on its 4,3 picture, CNBC provides a variety of programs throughout the business day. These short bulletins, which are around 30 seconds in length, the CNBC. com News Now update segments were discontinued as of early 2010. These bulletins were reintroduced in 2015 and they are aired hourly, on the half-hour between 10. 30am and 4. 30pm. The bulletins are read by Sue Herera, CNBCs breakout hit among its original series is Mad Money. Hosted by money manager Jim Cramer, the show gives stock advice to viewers who call to the program
16.
WLKY
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WLKY, virtual channel 32, is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Louisville, Kentucky, United States. The station is owned by the Hearst Television subsidiary of the Hearst Corporation, WLKY maintains studio facilities located on Mellwood Avenue on Louisvilles east side, and its transmitter is located in rural northeastern Floyd County, Indiana. On cable, WLKY is available on Charter Spectrum channel 5, the station first signed on the air on September 16,1961, originally operating as an ABC affiliate. Previously, ABC had been limited to off-hours clearances on NBC affiliate WAVE-TV, although Louisville had been large enough since the early 1950s to support three network affiliates, the market had a fairly long wait to gain full-time ABC network service. The Louisville market is a large market geographically, and also includes some rugged terrain. The nearest VHF allocations, channels 7 and 13, had been allocated to Evansville. These factors caused the first attempt at a full-time ABC affiliate in the area, WKLO-TV, UHF channel 21, with this in mind, prospective owners were skittish about setting up shop on one of the available UHF allocations in the area. Kentuckiana Television sold WLKY to Sonderling Broadcasting in 1967, the station moved to its current location on Mellwood Avenue in 1968. In 1973, Sonderling sold the station to Combined Communications, Combined eventually merged its television properties with the Gannett Company in 1979. Pulitzer kept WLKY but sold WPTA to the Granite Broadcasting Corporation in 1989, from 1977 to 1986, WLKY was branded on-air as 32 Alive. At the time it was implemented, Combined Communications used the Alive moniker on four of its stations – WLKY, WPTA, KOCO-TV in Oklahoma City and WXIA-TV in Atlanta. WXIA-TV still uses the Alive moniker under Gannett ownership, as did WPTA until 2016, on September 8,1990, WLKY swapped network affiliations with WHAS-TV, with channel 32 taking the CBS affiliation and WHAS becoming the markets ABC affiliate – much to that stations chagrin. This came after ABC became dissatisfied with the ratings at some of its affiliates. WLKY had long been one of ABCs weaker affiliates, while WHAS-TV had been the dominant station in Louisville for almost 20 years at the time, by this time, however, cable television had gained significant penetration in the Louisville area. Indeed, to day, cable and satellite are all. Combined with a low universal cable channel number, WLKYs former disadvantage of being a UHF station has almost been completely nullified, the switch to CBS provided a major windfall for WLKY that winter, as it became Louisvilles home for the NCAA Mens Basketball Tournament. In 2008, for instance, NCAA games attracted a 21.6 rating and a 36 share, pulitzer sold its entire broadcasting division, including WLKY, to what was then Hearst-Argyle Television in 1999. The substitution of WROC-TV in place of WLKY lasted until July 19,2012, DIRECTV and WLKY started negotiating carriage in December of 2016, however, they couldnt reach a deal before 2017
17.
Orlando Sentinel
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The Orlando Sentinel is the primary newspaper of Orlando, Florida and the Central Florida region. The Sentinel is owned by Tribune Publishing, the Sentinel prices are $1.50 daily and $2 on Saturdays, Sundays and Thanksgiving Day, sales tax is included at newsracks. The Sentinels predecessors date to 1876, when the Orange County Reporter was first published, the Reporter became a daily newspaper in 1905, and merged with the Orlando Evening Star in 1906. Another Orlando paper, the South Florida Sentinel, started publishing as a daily in 1913. Then known as the Morning Sentinel, it bought the Reporter-Star in 1931, Andersen eventually bought both papers outright in 1945, selling them to the Tribune Company of Chicago in 1965. In 1973, the two merged into the daily Sentinel Star. Tribune appointed Charles T. Brumback as president in 1976, harold Tip Lifvendahl was named president and publisher in 1981. The newspaper was renamed the Orlando Sentinel in 1982, john Puerner succeeded Lifvendahl in 1993, who was replaced by Kathleen M. Waltz in 2000. She announced her resignation in February 2008, howard Greenberg, already publisher of fellow Tribune newspaper the Sun-Sentinel of Fort Lauderdale, was named publisher of both papers after Waltz left. In 2008, the Tribune Company called for a redesign of the Sentinel, according to one listing, some of the Sentinels predecessors are, Orlando Reporter, 1892–1903. 1993, investigative reporting, Jeff Brazil and Steve Berry, for exposing the unjust seizure of millions of dollars from motorists—most of them minorities—by a sheriffs drug squad. Bersia, for his editorial campaign attacking predatory lending practices in the state
18.
WJFW-TV
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WJFW-TV is the NBC-affiliated television station for North-Central Wisconsins Northern Highland. Licensed to Rhinelander, it broadcasts a high definition signal on UHF channel 16 from a transmitter in Starks. Owned by Rockfleet Broadcasting, the station has studios on County Road G in Rhinelander, since WJFWs transmitter is located further north than the other North-Central Wisconsin stations, it can only be seen in Wausau proper and not other areas in Marathon County to the south and west. Therefore, it operates a low-powered digital fill-in translator in Wausau and this also airs a high definition signal but is seen on UHF channel 27 from a transmitter on Mosinee Hill southwest of the I-39/US 51/WIS29 interchange. The station signed-on October 20,1966 as WAEO-TV named after its original owner, airing an analog signal on VHF channel 12, its original studios were located next to the transmitter tower. This was at the one of the tallest structures in the world. Before its launch, NBC was seen in the market through an affiliation on CBS outlet WSAU-TV. On November 17,1968, a plane with three passengers crashed into the transmitter tower knocking it out along with the stations building. It was off-the-air until a new tower was erected in the location as the original. New studios were built at the current location in Rhinelander. After the new transmitters completion, WAEO was back on-air September 1,1969 and this updated transmitting tower was the 7th tallest structure in the world at 1,800 feet and was also the first in the United States built exclusively for color television transmission. On June 1,1979, the station was sold to minority-owned company Seaway Communications, as a result, it was the first VHF commercial television station in the United States to be owned by minority interests. In 1984, Dr. Jasper F. Williams was killed in a plane crash, in his memory, the call letters were changed to WJFW-TV on October 5,1986. In 1989, it activated an low-powered translator on channel 27 in Wausau, the stations main transmitter is located further north than other North-Central Wisconsin stations. This was a result of WISN-TV in Milwaukee which also aired on channel 12 in the analog era. The other two VHF and one UHF stations in the market had aired their analog signals on channels which were also in use by Chicago stations but they were farther away and less prone to interference. As a result, WJFW only provided Grade B coverage of Wausau itself, Seaway merged with Rockfleet Broadcasting, the stations current owner, in 1998. In mid-March 2009, the main signal added Universal Sports as a digital subchannel
19.
East Bay Express
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The East Bay Express is an Oakland-based weekly newspaper serving the Berkeley, Oakland, and East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is distributed throughout Alameda County and parts of Contra Costa County every Wednesday, the Express is known for its investigative and longform news and feature stories, along with its award-winning arts, food, and wine coverage. The paper is also known for its liberal viewpoint and for engaging in advocacy journalism. The first edition of the Express was published in October 1978, in 1989, the Express reported extensively on the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the collapse of the Cypress Structure on I-880. The paper was sold in February,2001 to New Times Media, editor John Raeside was replaced as editor of the Express by longtime journalist, Stephen Buel, and the Express new tabloid layout replaced the original quarter-fold design. In October 2006, New Times merged with the parent company of The Village Voice to form Village Voice Media, during the Aughts, the Express was the first news outlet to report on the bloody legacy of Your Black Muslim Bakery in Oakland. Members of the bakery were later convicted of murdering Oakland journalist Chauncey Bailey, throughout the decade, the Express also closely covered the FBI investigation of then-state Senator Don Perata of Oakland. On 17 May 2007, Village Voice Media announced the Express was being bought by then-editor Stephen Buel, jody Colley became publisher that year, and then Jay Youngdahl acquired majority control of the paper in August 2010. In December 2010, co-editors Robert Gammon and Kathleen Richards took over for Stephen Buel, in 2010, Express reported on the election of Jean Quan as mayor of Oakland, Quan defeated ex-state Senator Don Perata. In 2014, Robert Gammon became editor of the paper,2001 Express writers won four 2001 East Bay Press Club awards, the winners were Kara Platoni, Will Harper, and Lisa Drostova. 2002 The Express won three 2002 awards from the Northern California Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists, the winners were Justin Berton, Will Harper, Editorial Fellow Malcolm Gay was honored as Best Emerging Journalist. Staff writer Susan Goldsmith won Best Feature Story for Franks War,2003 Illustrated, won the Graphic Journalism category for its co-coordinators Michael Mechanic and Jesse Reklaw. Staff writer Kara Platoni won the 2004 Evert Clark/Seth Payne Award, the Express won twelve awards in the San Francisco/East Bay Press Clubs 2004 Excellence in Print Journalism Contest. Will Harper won best columnist and first place in the business feature category for Publisher for the People, Kara Platoni won first place for technology coverage for I, Robot. She also won second place in the business news competition for Latinos Warn of False Credit Card, Platoni also won first place in the lifestyle feature category for What a Steal. Lauren Gard won first place in the long feature category for Good Kids, in sports features, Chris Togneri took first place for Eve of Destruction. Susan Goldsmith took third place for Mortal Combat, Justin Berton won first place in the profile category for Lizard Is a Rat. Music editor Rob Harvilla won second place in the criticism or reviewing category, in the in-depth or investigative reporting category, Robert Gammon took second place for Fire and Ice Cream, and Chris Thompson took third place for The AXT Way
20.
History Press
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The History Press is a British publishing company specialising in the publication of titles devoted to local and specialist history. It claims to be the United Kingdoms largest publisher in this field and its imprints include Phillimore, Pitkin, Spellmount, Stadia, Sutton Publishing and Tempus Publishing. The History Press can be traced back to the 1970s with the first title published in 1978, the company evolved from the amalgamation of a number of smaller publishing houses that formed part of the NPI Media Group. The largest component of the NPI Media Group was Tempus Publishing, Tempus Publishings early years were spent producing local history titles, principally books of old photographs depicting towns and villages throughout the UK. Tempus Publishing opened offices in both the USA and Europe which are in use today by The History Press, during the 1990s, the list diversified in a number of directions. Tempus Publishing produced their first books on archaeology, as well as books on general history subjects. The organisation became a publisher of Transport material including maritime history. Local history remained the bedrock of Tempus Publishing with over 1500 titles now published, the History Press, based in and around Stroud in Gloucestershire is supported by international offices in the United States, Germany, Ireland, France and Belgium. Their UK office is in the The Mill building in Brimscombe Port, Stroud
21.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
22.
NBC News
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NBC News is a division of the American broadcast network NBC. The division operates under NBCUniversal News Group, a subsidiary of NBCUniversal, the groups various operations report to the president of NBC News, Noah Oppenheim. NBC News aired the first news program in American broadcast television history on February 21,1940, the groups broadcasts are produced and aired from 30 Rockefeller Center, NBCs headquarters in New York City. The division presides over Americas number-one-rated newscast, NBC Nightly News, NBC News also offers 70 years of rare historic footage from the NBCUniversal Archives online. NBC News operates a 24-hour cable news network known as MSNBC, the cable network shares staff and editorial control with NBC News. The first American television newscast in history was made by NBC News on February 21,1940, anchored by Lowell Thomas, due to wartime restrictions, there were no live telecasts of the 1944 conventions, although films of the events were reportedly shown over WNBT the next day. In 1948, NBC teamed up with Life magazine to provide election night coverage of President Harry S. Trumans surprising victory over New York governor Thomas E. Dewey, the television audience was small, but NBCs share in New York was double that of any other outlet. The following year, the Camel News Caravan, anchored by John Cameron Swayze, lacking the graphics and technology of later years, it nonetheless contained many of the elements of modern newscasts. NBC hired its own crews and in the programs early years, it dominated CBSs competing program. In 1950, David Brinkley began serving as the programs Washington correspondent, in 1955, the Camel News Caravan fell behind CBSs Douglas Edwards with the News, and Swayze lost the already tepid support of NBC executives. The following year, NBC replaced the program with the Huntley-Brinkley Report, beginning in 1951, NBC News was managed by director of news Bill McAndrew, who reported to vice president of news and public affairs J. Davidson Taylor. Television assumed a prominent role in American family life in the late 1950s. NBC president Robert Kintner provided the division with ample amounts of both financial resources and air time. Created by producer Reuven Frank, NBCs Huntley-Brinkley Report had its debut on October 29,1956, during much of its 14-year run, it exceeded the viewership levels of its CBS News competition, anchored initially by Douglas Edwards and, beginning in April 1962, by Walter Cronkite. Senator to observe later, When I think of Little Rock, in an era when space missions rated continuous coverage, NBC configured its largest studio, Studio 8H, for space coverage. NBCs coverage of the first moon landing in 1969 earned the network an Emmy Award, in the late 1950s, Kintner reorganized the chain of command at the network, making Bill McAndrew president of NBC News, reporting directly to Kintner. McAndrew served in that position until his death in 1968, McAndrew was succeeded by his executive vice president, producer Reuven Frank, who held the position until 1973. On November 22,1963, NBC interrupted various programs on its stations at 1,45 p. m. to announce that President John F. Kennedy had been shot in Dallas, Texas
23.
The Wall Street Journal
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The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually
24.
New York Post
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New York Post is an American daily newspaper, primarily distributed in New York City and its surrounding area. It is the 13th-oldest and seventh-most-widely circulated newspaper in the United States, established in 1801 by federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post. The modern version of the paper is published in tabloid format, in 1976, Rupert Murdoch bought Post for US$30.5 million. Since 1993, Post has been owned by News Corporation and its successor, News Corp and its editorial offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas. New York Post, established on November 16,1801 as New-York Evening Post, the Hartford Courant, believed to be the oldest continuously published newspaper, was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper, it did not begin publishing daily until 1836. The New Hampshire Gazette, which has trademarked its claim of being The Nations Oldest Newspaper, was founded in 1756, moreover, since the 1890s it has been published only for weekends. Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as New-York Evening Post, the meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in the then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor, the most famous 19th-century New-York Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was New-York Evening Post under Bryants editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in the summer of 1829, Bryant invited William Leggett, the Locofoco Democrat, to write for the paper. There, in addition to literary and drama reviews, Leggett began to write political editorials, leggetts classical liberal philosophy entailed a fierce opposition to central banking, a support for voluntary labor unions, and a dedication to laissez-faire economics. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party, Leggett became a co-owner and editor at Post in 1831, eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 through 1835. Another co-owner of the paper was John Bigelow, from 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of New York Evening Post. In 1881 Henry Villard took control of New-York Evening Post, as well as The Nation, with this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin. When Schurz left the paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief, White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903. Villard sold the paper in 1918, after allegations of pro-German sympathies during World War I hurt its circulation. The new owner was Thomas Lamont, a partner in the Wall Street firm of J. P. Morgan & Co. Conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis—publisher of the Ladies Home Journal—purchased New-York Evening Post in 1924, in 1934, J. David Stern purchased the paper, changed its name to New York Post, and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective. In 1939, Dorothy Schiff purchased the paper and her husband, George Backer, was named editor and publisher
25.
The Washington Times
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The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper. It is published as a broadsheet at 3600 New York Avenue NE, Washington, the paper covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on American politics. One of the first broadsheets in the United States to adopt color photography, its edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and sections of Maryland. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at an audience is also published. A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, business, politics, editorials and opinion pieces, local news, sports, entertainment, and travel. Periodically, the paper publishes large, 30–40 page special sections devoted to specific topics that include reports. It is currently owned by diversified conglomerate Operations Holdings, which is an owned subsidiary of the church. Bo Hi Pak, the aide of church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president. Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, the newspapers first editor and publisher was James R. Whelan. At the time of founding of the Times Washington had only one major newspaper, massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book The Unification Church, said that the Post had been the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States. The Times was founded the year after the Washington Star, the second paper of D. C. went out of business. A large percentage of the came from the Washington Star. When the Times began, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections. Although USA Today used color in the way, it took several years for the Washington Post, New York Times. It ran television commercials highlighting this fact, the Washington Times also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the readers hands than the Posts. This design and its editorial content attracted real influence in Washington, when the Times began it had 125 reporters,25 percent of them Unification Church members. In 1982 the Post criticized the Times for killing critic Scott Subletts negative review of the movie Inchon, which was also sponsored by the Unification Church. A former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, David Frum, in his 2000 book How We Got Here, The 70s, wrote that Moon had granted the Times editorial independence
26.
Fritter
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Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory varieties. Hence, potato fritter, pineapple fritter, apple fritter, pea fritter, at home and at school, fritters are also sometimes made with meat, especially Spam and corned beef. Corn fritters are made with whole canned corn and are generally deep-fried. Apple fritters are well known, although the contemporary American apple fritter is unlike the British one, older versions of the apple fritter in the United States were prepared in the style of British ones, by slicing apples, dipping them in batter and frying them. Clam cakes and crab cakes are varieties of fritter, another regional favourite is the zucchini fritter. Corn fritters are a popular menu item in cafes across Melbourne. Whitebait fritters are popular in New Zealand, in Burmese cuisine, fritters are called a-kyaw, while assorted fritters are called a-kyaw-sone. The most popular a-kyaw is the gourd fritter, diced onions, chickpea, potatoes, a variety of leafy vegetables, brown bean paste, Burmese tofu, chayote, banana and crackling are other popular fritter ingredients. Black beans are made into a paste with curry leaves to make bayagyaw—small fritters similar to falafel, unlike pisang goreng, Burmese banana fritters are made only with overripe bananas with no sugar or honey added. The savory fritters are eaten mainly at breakfast or as a snack at tea, gourd, chickpea and onion fritters are cut into small parts and eaten with Mohinga, Myanmars national dish. These fritters are eaten with Kao hnyin baung rice and with Burmese salsa verde—called chin-saw-kar or a-chin-yay. Depending on the fritter hawker, the sauce is made from chili sauce diluted with vinegar, water, cilantro, finely diced tomatoes, garlic, in Indonesia fritters come under the category of gorengan, and many varieties are sold on travelling carts or by street vendors. The variety known as bakwan commonly contains flour with chopped vegetables such as carrot and cabbage, in Malaysia and Brunei, it is common for a type of fritter called cucur to be fried by the roadside in a large wok and sold as snacks. In the Philippines, egg fritters are called kwek-kwek or tokneneng and these, along with shrimp fritters called okoy, and banana fritters called maruya are also sold in travelling cart or street side vendors. Throughout China, fritters are sold at roadsides and they may contain pork, but are commonly vegetarian. In Japanese cuisine, tempura is vegetable or seafood dipped and fried in a crispy batter. Fritters are extremely popular roadside snacks all over South Asia and are referred to as pakora or bhajji in local parlance—the onion bhaji also enjoys a high popularity abroad. In the south Indian state of Kerala, Banana Fritters are extremely popular and are known as Pazhampori, Fritters Media related to fritters at Wikimedia Commons
27.
Fried dough
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Fried dough is a North American food associated with outdoor food stands in carnivals, amusement parks, fairs, rodeos, and seaside resorts. Fried dough is the name for a particular variety of fried bread made of a yeast dough. Fried dough is known as fry dough, fry bread, fried bread, doughboys, elephant ears, scones, pizza fritte, frying saucers. These foods are virtually identical to other, and recognizably different from other fried dough foods such as doughnuts, beignets. In Canada, pieces of fried dough are sometimes called beaver tails, in 1978, Pam & Grant Hooker of Ottawa, Ontario founded the BeaverTails chain of restaurants specializing in the sale of fried dough pastries which are hand stretched to the shape of a beavers tail. In Newfoundland, a province in Eastern Canada, fried dough is referred to as a Touton, a touton /ˈtaʊtən is produced by frying bread dough on a pan with butter or the leftover fat from scrunchions and served with dark molasses, maple syrup, or corn syrup. It is traditionally made from bread dough and pan-fried, as opposed to deep-fried. A smaller Italian variant common in North America is the zeppole, similar food is found in Europe, also typically from outdoor stands in fairs. For example, in Croatia fried dough is known as languši, in Hungary as lángos, in Austria as kiachl, fried dough is made by deep-frying a portion of risen yeast dough. The dough acquires an irregular, bubbly appearance from being fried, st. Petersburg Times article, Distinction between funnel cakes and elephant ears
28.
Bambalouni
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Bambaloni, also referred to as bambalouni, is a sweet Tunisian donut. It can be made at home or bought from fast food shops and it is prepared with a flour dough fried in oil. The bambaloni is eaten sprinkled with sugar or honey and it is eaten any time of day. Media related to Bambalouni at Wikimedia Commons
29.
Boortsog
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Boortsog, boorsoq, bauyrsaq, or baursak is a type of fried dough food found in the cuisines of Central Asia, Idel-Ural, Mongolia and the Middle East. It is shaped into either triangles or sometimes spheres, the dough consists of flour, yeast, milk, eggs, margarine, salt, sugar, and fat. Tajik boortsog are often decorated with a pattern by pressing the bottom of a small strainer on the dough before it is fried. Boortsog is often eaten as a dessert, with sugar, butter and they may be thought of as cookies or biscuits, and since they are fried, they are sometimes compared to doughnuts. Mongolians and other Turkic peoples sometimes dip boortsog in tea, in Central Asia, baursaki are often eaten alongside chorba. Dough for Boortsog ranges in ingredients from a dough, to a sweeter, crispier dough. For example, a typical Kyrgyz recipe calls for one part butter,7 parts salt water, Boortsog are made by cutting the flattened dough into pieces. While not usually done in Central Asia, these pieces may be bent and this is especially common among Mongolians. The dough is deep-fried golden brown, mutton fat is traditionally used by Mongolians to give the boortsog extra flavor, but vegetable oil may be substituted. The biggest baursak was cooked April 20,2014 in Ufa,1,006 eggs,25 kg of sugar,70 kg of flour,50 kg of Bashkir honey were used for its preparation. A Guinness record was made in Almaty, September 7,2014 during the celebration of Mothers Day, the celebration was held in the form of a culinary battle between teams of mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law. Seven teams participated in the competition, Recipe Recipe Recipe Kyrgyz frying boorsoq My Home - Tatar cuisine recipes
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Chebakia
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The Chebakia is a pastry of Moroccan origin made of strips of dough rolled to resemble a rose, deep-fried until golden, then coated with a syrup made of honey and rosewater and sprinkled with sesame. Similar pastries include the Cartellate and the Fazuelos, though the latter is constructed differently, list of pastries Chebakia - Recipe for Fried Moroccan Sesame Cookies with Honey
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Gulab jamun
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Gulab jamun is a milk-solid-based South Asian sweet, particularly popular in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is also common in Mauritius and the Caribbean countries of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname and it is made mainly from milk solids, traditionally from freshly curdled milk. It is often garnished with dried nuts like almonds to enhance flavour, in India, milk solids are prepared by heating milk over a low flame for a long time until most of the water content has evaporated. The balls are then soaked in a sugary syrup flavored with green cardamom and rose water. Gulab jamun is available commercially, at South Asian restaurants or pre-prepared either in tins or as kits to be prepared at home, gulab jamun was first prepared in medieval India, derived from a fritter that Central Asian Turkic invaders brought to India. One theory claims that it was prepared by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahans personal chef. The word gulab is derived from the Persian words gol and āb, jamun or jaman is the Hindi-Urdu word for Syzygium jambolanum, an Indian fruit with a similar size and shape. The Arab dessert luqmat al-qadi is similar to gulab jamun, although it uses a completely different batter. According to the culinary historian Michael Krondl, both luqmat al-qadi and gulab jamun may have derived from a Persian dish, with rose water syrup being a connection between the two. Gulab jamun is a dessert often eaten at festivals, birthdays or major celebrations such as marriages, the Muslim celebrations of Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, there are various types of gulab jamun and every variety has a distinct taste and appearance. Gulab jamun gets its brownish red color because of the content in the milk powder. In other types of gulab jamun, sugar is added in the batter, and after frying, the sugar caramelization gives it its dark, almost black color, the sugar syrup may be replaced with diluted maple syrup for a gulab jamun with a Canadian flavor. Pantua is similar to gulab jamun, and could be called a Bengali variant of that dish, ledikeni, a variation of Pantua, is another variant of gulab jamun
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Imarti
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Imarti or Jhangri is an Indian sweet/dessert. It is made by deep-frying urad flour batter in a kind of flower shape. Alternative names include Amriti, Emarti, Omriti and Jaangiri and this dish is not to be confused with Jalebi which has comparatively thinner material and is sweeter than Imarti. Imarti is made from a variety of urad flour, also colloquially called jangiri parappu or jangiri urad in south India, sugar syrup and saffron is added for colour. Urad dal is soaked in water for few hours, and stone-ground into a fine batter, the batter is poured into ghee, though other oils are sometimes used. Similarly to funnel cakes, the batter is poured into geometric patterns, there is often a small ring in the middle. Before frying the batter, sugar syrup is prepared and is flavored with edible camphor, cloves, cardamom. The fried material is dipped in sugar syrup until it expands in size. In Northern India imartis are usually drained, so tend to be drier than jalebis, the pieces can be served hot, at room temperature, or sometimes refrigerated. In South India, this sweet is served during the meal and also popular at weddings, in particular, Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh is famous for its imarti. List of Indian sweets and desserts List of fried dough foods List of doughnut varieties Food portal Media related to Imarti at Wikimedia Commons
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Jalebi
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Jalebi, also known as Zulbia, is a sweet popular in countries of South Asia, West Asia, North Africa, and East Africa. It is made by deep-frying maida flour batter in pretzel or circular shapes and they are particularly popular in the Indian subcontinent. The sweets are served warm or cold and they have a somewhat chewy texture with a crystallized sugary exterior coating. Citric acid or lime juice is added to the syrup. Jalebi is eaten with curd, rabri along with other flavours such as kewra. This dish is not to be confused with similar sweets and variants like imarti, Jalebi is believed to be derived from a similar dish of West Asia. According to Hobson-Jobson, the word jalebi is derived from the word Arabic zulabiya or the Persian zalibiya, in Christian communities in West Asia, it is served on the Feast of the Theophany, often with dry sugar and cinnamon or confectioners sugar. In Iran, where it is known as zulabiya, the sweet was traditionally given to the poor during Ramadan, a 10th century cookbook gives several recipes for zulubiya. There are several 13th century recipes of the sweet, the most accepted being mentioned in a cookbook by Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi, the dish was brought to Medieval India by Persian-speaking invaders. In 15th century India, jalebi was known as Kundalika or Jalavallika, priyamkarnrpakatha, a work by the Jain author Jinasura, composed around 1450 CE, mentions jalebi in the context of a dinner held by a rich merchant. Gunyagunabodhini, another Sanskrit work dating before 1600 CE, lists the ingredients and recipe of the dish, ernest A Hamwi, a Syrian immigrant to the United States, is believed to have used the Persian version zalabia as an early ice cream cone. In Iran it is known as zulabiā in Persian and in addition to being sweetened with honey and sugar is also flavoured with saffron, in the Levant and other Middle Eastern countries, it is known as zalabia. In the Maldives, it is known by the name zilēbi and this sweet is called jeri in Nepal, a word derived from Jangiri and the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. In Algeria, Libya and Tunisia, this sweet is known as zlebia or zlabia, zlebia or zlabia is a type of pastry eaten in parts of Northwest Africa, such as Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. Natural ingredients include flour, yeast, yoghurt and sugar or honey and this is then mixed with water and commonly two seeds of cardamom. Zalābiya are fried foods, including types similar to straight doughnuts. These are found in and around Iran and the Arab countries of Yemen, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Comoros and Algeria and they are made by a zalbāni. Zalābiya are made from a batter composed of eggs, flour and milk, zalābiya mushabbaka are latticed fritters made in discs, balls and squares
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Koeksister
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A koeksister is a traditional South African flavoured syrup or honey infused fried dough. The name derives from the Dutch word koek, which means a wheat flour confectionary. Koeksisters are prepared by frying plaited dough strips in oil, then submersing the hot fried dough into ice cold sugar syrup, Koeksisters have a golden crunchy crust and liquid syrup centre, very sticky and sweet and taste like honey. A monument of a koeksister in the right wing Afrikaner cultural community of Orania recalls an Afrikaner folk tradition of baking them to raise funds for building of churches. Cookbook, Koeksisters List of African dishes List of doughnut varieties Duckitt, Hildagonda J. KOESISTERS
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Lokma
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The Turkish word lokma means mouthful or morsel, from Arabic لقمة luqma. A version called لقمة القاضي luqmat al-qādi was described by al-Baghdadi in the 13th century, Greece and Cyprus In Greece and Cyprus, loukoumades are commonly spiced with cinnamon in a honey syrup and can be sprinkled lightly with powdered sugar. The candidate most frequently mentioned as being prepared with hot oil is enkris, various assertions have also been made regarding ompne in the text means, in the plural form, sacrificial cakes made of grain and honey. Other sacrificial cakes, often called popanon being ancestral to loukoumades, however, there are cakes, also, called ἐγκρίδες. These are cakes boiled in oil, and after that seasoned with honey, and they are mentioned by Stesichorus in the lines, — Groats and encrides, And other cakes. Also, there may be a connection to the feeding of the victors at ancient Olympia. Aristotle and other ancient writers refer to kharisioi plakoi or plakonta and these were offered to the victorious athletes in a highly ritualized ceremony along with the kotinos wreath. Turkey Lokma is a made of flour, sugar, yeast. Lokma was cooked by the cooks at Ottoman Empire palaces. Lokma in the cuisine is appeared in Kara-Khanid Khanate, in the 9th century. Lokma is a tradition for Turks, in someones death anniversary, close relatives or friends of him/her cook and serve lokmas to neighbours and passengers. The pastry is called sfingi by the Greek Jews, who make them as Hanukkah treats and it is claimed to have been originated by the Romaniotes. A similar dish is found in Italy as Sfingi di San Giuseppe. Perhaps the oldest documentation of a related but not identical dish is in the tomb of Ramses IV, later, the Ancient Greek enchytoi consisted of a cheese-and-flour dough squeezed into hot fat, then covered with honey. Boortsog Churro Funnel cake Gulab jamun Jalebi List of doughnut varieties Puff Puff Tulumba A. D. Alderson and Fahir İz, Μπαμπινιώτης, Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, Athens,1998 Oxford Companion to Food, s. v. jalebi
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Sata andagi
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Sata andagi are sweet deep fried buns of dough similar to doughnuts, native to the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. They are also popular in Hawaii, sometimes known simply as andagi. Traditional Okinawan andagi is made by mixing flour, sugar and eggs, the ingredients are mixed into a ball and deep fried. Saataa means sugar, while andaagii means deep fried in Okinawan It is also known as saataa andagii, sata andagi are a part of Okinawan cuisine. List of doughnut varieties List of fried dough varieties Food portal A simple sata andagi recipe
Media related to Coffee and doughnuts at Wikimedia Commons
