Creep (deformation)
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In materials science, creep is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and generally increase as they near their melting point.
The movement of ice in a glacier is an example of creeping in solids
Creep on the underside of a cardboard box: a largely empty box was placed on a smaller box, and more boxes were placed on top of it. Due to the weight, the portions of the empty box not upheld by the lower support gradually deflected downward
Materials operating at high temperatures, such as this nickel superalloy jet engine (RB199) turbine blade, must be able to withstand creep present at these temperatures.
Structural integrity and failure
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Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.
Collapsed barn at Hörsne, Gotland, Sweden
The Pyramid at Meidum was the second built by the Egyptians around 2600 BC. It suffered from many structural defects, causing it to collapse during construction and leaving the inner core standing in a pile of rubble, which provided one of the earliest known lessons in large-scale building.
Building collapse due to snow weight
The Dee bridge after its collapse