1.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
RCA
–
RCA Corporation, founded as the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. General Electric took over the company in late 1985 and split it up the following year, after World War I began in August 1914, radio traffic across the Atlantic Ocean increased dramatically after the western Allies cut the German transatlantic telegraph cables. In 1917 the government of the United States took charge of the owned by the major companies involved in radio manufacture in the United States to devote radio technology to the war effort. All production of equipment was allocated to the U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, U. S. Marine Corps. The War Department and the Navy Department sought to maintain a monopoly of all uses of radio technology. The wartime takeover of all radio systems ended late in 1918, the war ended in November of that year. The ending of the governments monopoly in radio communications did not prevent the War. On 8 April 1919, naval Admiral W. H. G. Bullard, the proposal presented by the government was that if GE created an American-owned radio company, then the Army and Navy would effect a monopoly of long-distance radio communications via this company. This marked the beginning of a series of negotiations through which GE would buy the American Marconi company, the Army and the Navy granted RCA the former American Marconi radio terminals that had been confiscated during the War. Admiral Bullard received a seat on the Board of Directors of RCA for his efforts in establishing RCA, the result was federally-created monopolies in radio for GE and the Westinghouse Corporation and in telephone systems for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. The first chief officer of RCA was Owen D. Young. RCAs incorporation papers required that a majority of its stock be held by American citizens, as the years went on, RCA either took over, or produced for itself, a large number of patents, including that of the superheterodyne receiver invented by Edwin Armstrong. Over the years, RCA continued to operate international services, under its subsidiary RCA Communications, Inc. GE used RCA as its retail arm for radio sales from 1919, Westinghouse also marketed home radios through RCA until 1930. In 1929, RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and this included a majority ownership of the Victor Company of Japan. The new subsidiary then became RCA Victor, with Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the Nipper His Masters Voice trademark. This trademark is used by the British music & entertainment company HMV. RCA began selling the first electronic turntable in 1930, in 1931, RCA Victor began selling 33⅓ rpm records
3.
American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres
–
American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. was the post-merger parent company of the American Broadcasting Company and United Paramount Theatres. UPT took over Paramounts theater chains, which included Balaban and Katz,800 of the 1,450 Paramount theaters were to be divested. A court appointed trustee would control UPT stock for five years to separate ownership of the two businesses. Paramount stockholders were to stock in both companies, with a conversion provision that would allow a shareholder to exchange its stock in one successor into the other companys stock. Leonard Goldenson, who had headed the chain since 1938. With the American Broadcasting Company looking to enter television, UPT had the cash from the theaters and was looking to invest that money elsewhere. It was barred from film making, ABC also considered International Telephone & Telegraph and General Tire, before accepting UPTs offer. In 1950, UPT acquired a 1/3 share of Microwave Associates, Inc. a consulting, the Federal Communication Commission approved the merger that same day. Leonard H. Goldenson continued as corporate president post merger with ABC president Robert E. Kintner continuing as ABC division president, no general theater division similar to the ABC division was set up as AB-PT corporate would handle overall theater planning and development. ABC division was slated to move out of the RCA Building to 7 W. 66th Street, the sale of WBKB in Chicago to CBS for $6 million was also approved by the FCC. In 1954, AB-PT made a deal with Walt Disney to provide capital for his proposed Disneyland amusement park, AB-PTs subsidiary, UPT Concessions, Inc. was enlisted to operate Tomorrowlands Space Bar and various other concession stands in Disneyland. ABC-Paramount formed a division in 1955, with Samuel H. Clark as its first president. The business was incorporated on June 14,1955 as Am-Par Record Corporation, in a related transaction, Western Union acquired a 1/3 share in Microwave Associates, allowing that AB-PT holding to purchase a site for a new plant. By March 1957, AB-PTs theater circuits had divested more theaters than required by the court ruling, in June, AB-PT decided to sell 90 more theaters due to declining revenue. In 1957, Microwave Associates became a publicly traded corporation, AB-PT purchased the Weeki Wachee Springs natural tourist attraction in Florida in 1959. Also in 1959, AB-PT acquired the Prairie Farmer agricultural publishing group, in 1960, Walt Disney Productions paid $7.5 million to buy back AB-PTs share in Disneyland and obtain a release from its ABC-TV contract. In 1962, AB-PT purchased another Florida nature attraction, Silver Springs, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. assumed the name, American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. on July 2,1965. ABCs started ABC Pictures in 1965 to produce feature films, in April 1966, Dunhill Records was purchased
4.
The Walt Disney Company
–
The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
5.
Citadel Broadcasting
–
Citadel Broadcasting Corporation was a Las Vegas, Nevada-based broadcast holding company. Citadel owned 243 radio stations across the United States and was the third-largest radio station owner in the country, only iHeartMedia and Cumulus Media owned more stations prior to Citadels merger with Cumulus. On March 10,2011, Cumulus Media announced that it would purchase Citadel Broadcasting, after receiving conditional regulatory approval from the Department of Justice and the Federal Communications Commission, the deal was approved by Citadel shareholders on September 15,2011. The merger of the two companies closed on September 16,2011, and Citadel was immediately absorbed into Cumulus Media, the company was founded in 1984 in Phoenix, Arizona by Larry Wilson as Citadel Associates Limited Partnership. In 1990 it was renamed Citadel Associates Montana Limited Partnership for the purpose of owning and operating stations in Montana that were owned by CALP. A year later, Citadel Broadcasting was officially incorporated and in 1984 it acquired all of the stations owned by its predecessors. Within a decade, Citadel expanded to 26 states, in 2001, Larry Wilson sold Citadel to private equity firm Forstmann Little & Company for $2.1 billion. By that time, the company had grown to 205 stations in 42 markets, Citadel Broadcasting launched an online service called Citadel Interactive in 2005, and a year later launched Right Now Radio. By July 2007, more than 180 of their stations were streaming online, on February 6,2006, Forstmann Little and The Walt Disney Company agreed to merge Citadel with Disneys ABC Radio. Shares representing 57% of Citadel were distributed to shareholders of The Walt Disney Company following the acquisition of 22 stations from ABC Radio. In order to comply with FCC ownership limitations, Citadel has sold off 12 of its radio stations, ten of the stations licenses have been transferred to a newly formed trust company, The Last Bastion Station Trust, LLC. According to FCC documents, KKWD was re-absorbed into Citadels station portfolio on July 9,2009, on April 2,2009, the staff of Citadel Broadcasting changed the name of ABC Radio to Citadel Media to reflect on its ownership of the major network. In addition to Citadel Media, Citadel owned the Arkansas Radio, Tennessee Titans Radio, Buffalo Bills, on March 1,2008, the former Disney/ABC Radio stations in Citadels portfolio faced severe financial problems. That same day, hundreds of personalities were dismissed, on February 27,2009, the NYSE carried out that action. After an IPO of $20.67 in August 2003, delisting happened on March 5,2009. Since the delisting, the staff of Citadel Broadcasting ceased holding conference calls, but the 10-Q filed May 7,2010 at the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission indicated that Citadel expected to remain in compliance with lender covenants through 2009. Given the conditions, it was unlikely that the company would meet the benchmarks it had to hit in 2010, Citadel was carrying $2 billion in debt following the June 12,2007 deal with Disney for the ABC Radio properties. Overall, Citadels revenue fell almost 23%, in a quarterly SEC filing, the company disclosed the possibility of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy
6.
Cumulus Media
–
Cumulus Media, Inc. is an American broadcasting company and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States. Cumulus owned 570 stations in 150 markets as of September 16,2011, the company also owns Westwood One. Cumuluss headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, owns radio stations outside the United States and operates a subsidiary, Clear Channel Outdoor. The company was started in August 1998 by radio consultant Lewis Dickey Jr. and media, the Telecommunications Act of 1996, among other things removed restrictions on the number of radio stations a single owner could control in a market and overall. Dickey, then a known radio programming consultant, was acting as a consultant to a small radio group in which Weening had a personal investment. Dickey and Weening joined forces around Dickeys idea to acquire and operate stations in mid-size markets where giant Clear Channel was not focusing. Dickey was the expert and Weening was the corporate finance. Weening had successful experience as a start-up CEO in book and magazine publishing, online services and he was then CEO of QUAESTUS & Co. Inc. a private equity firm specializing in media and technology start-ups. A student of classics, Weening came up with the name Cumulus which means accumulation in Latin and best described Dickey, QUAESTUS provided the seed capital to make the first station acquisitions as a model for the Cumulus strategy. Full scale operations started on May 22,1997, Weening assumed the role of Executive Chairman focusing on acquisitions deal structuring, corporate finance and internet from headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Dickey selected stations to buy and oversaw radio programming, operations, Dickey brought in highly regarded radio operator William Bungeroth to serve as President of Cumulus broadcasting from new offices in Chicagos Hancock Center. Bungeroth had a reputation as a sales leader. He would oversee market level tactical execution including the integration of newly acquired stations into market operating units, John Dickey, Lews brother and himself an experienced programming consultant would oversee station content. SWIBs investment was followed by another $50 million from Wisconsin-based Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Financial backing secured, Dickey and Weening set out to radio stations working hard to stay as much under the radar as possible not wishing to attract notice or competition. In the first 12 months Cumulus acquired over 100 stations in 31 markets, almost as soon as the acquisition spree started it was clear the Company would require more than a billion dollars for acquisitions in its sights and plans were laid for a public offering. At the time, newspaper display and classified advertising claimed the largest share of advertising dollars. By offering a range of audiences like newspapers, Cumulus could gain more share of the local advertising dollar than the individual stations could garner on their own
7.
Westwood One (current)
–
Westwood One, owned and operated by Cumulus Media, is an American mass media company headquartered in New York, New York, specializing in radio syndication and audio content. As the radio network and national brand of Cumulus, Westwood One distributes hundreds of programs to radio stations, the company was, at various times, managed by CBS Radio, the radio arm of CBS Corporation and Viacom. It was later purchased by the equity firm The Gores Group. In September 2013, Dial Global rebranded under the name Westwood One and announced an agreement with Cumulus Media. Westwood One now includes the network of Westwood One and Cumulus Media Networks. The company takes its name from a network also named Westwood One. Dial Global was founded as X Radio Networks, a division of Excelsior Radio Networks and it merged with Dial Communications and Global Media in 2006, from which it derived the Dial Global name. Dial Global initially specialized in syndicated weekend music programs of various types, in 2007 it acquired the former Transtar Radio Networks from the original Westwood One. Triton Media Group, a subsidiary of Oaktree Capital Management, purchased Excelsior in early 2008, triton used the Dial Global name for all of its programming and later bought the remainder of Westwood One in 2011, folding it into its Dial Global subsidiary. Dial Global began exhibiting signs of distress in late 2012. It simultaneously announced that it had filed for delisting from NASDAQ, at the time of the announcement, Dial Global stock was trading at $2.00 a share, by mid-January 2013, DGs stock was trading at.30 a share. In a SEC 8-K filing dated January 15,2013, DG announced that it had extended a loan agreement with certain lenders. On August 29,2013, it was announced by The Wall Street Journal that Cumulus Broadcasting will be purchasing Dial Global. Cumulus will be paying $260 million in cash for this programming syndication service, to fund that sale, Cumulus will make a pair of station deals with Townsquare Media, Oaktree Capital Managements radio station ownership division. On September 4,2013, Dial Global announced that - as of that day - the company was renaming itself Westwood One. Both transactions on the Cumulus-Townsquare deal were closed on November 14,2013, the companys numerous acquisitions prompted rival Talk Radio Network to file an antitrust lawsuit against what was then Dial Global in August 2012. Cumulus settled the lawsuit with TRN on amicable terms in March 2014, which was followed by TRN filing another lawsuit over the issue in April 2016
8.
WABC (AM)
–
WABC, known as NewsTalkRadio 77 WABC is a radio station in New York City. Owned by the division of Cumulus Media, the station broadcasts on a clear channel and is the flagship station of the Westwood One Network. WABC shares studio facilities with sister stations WNSH, WPLJ, WABCs transmitter is located in Lodi, New Jersey. Its 50,000 watt non-directional clear channel signal can be heard at night much of the eastern U. S. Beginning January 2009, its programming has also carried on WPLJs HD3 digital sub-channel. One of the countrys oldest radio stations, WABC began broadcasting, originally as WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, WABC has programmed a talk radio format since 1982. The station uses on-air slogans such as Breaking News and Stimulating Talk, New Yorks 50,000 Watt Beacon of Freedom, many WABC hosts moved on to national syndication. The station currently serves as the flagship for syndicated talk-radio hosts Mark Levin, John Batchelor and Don Imus. It was where the nationally syndicated programs hosted by Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity got their start, from 1981 to 1982, WABC ran a full service news intensive adult contemporary format with some talk and sports programming weekday evenings. During this time, WABC was among the most listened to stations in North America. WABCs only current sports contract is with the United States Military Academy for Army football games. In addition to the aforementioned Yankees coverage, the station served two stints as the flagship for the New York Jets and was also the home of the New Jersey Devils beginning in 1988. WABC also previously carried Seton Hall University mens basketball, early in its Top 40 incarnation, WABC served as the original radio flagship of the New York Mets. A notable aspect of WABCs Mets coverage was Howard Cosell and former Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca handling the pre-, the station lost those rights to WHN following the 1963 season. The Jets first called WABC home in the 1980s, but left toward the end of the decade for WCBS, the team would return to the station in 2000 after spending the previous seven seasons on WFAN. After then-sister station WEPN became the Jets flagship, WABC began simulcasting the games over their airwaves due to its stronger signal, the arrangement ended in 2008 as WEPN began simulcasting all its programming on two other stations. In December 2001, broadcast rights to the Yankees were lost after 21 years to WCBS, WABC also lost the radio rights to the Devils in 2005, as New Jerseys hockey team moved to WFAN to substitute for the stations loss of the New York Rangers to WEPN. The loss of evening sports programming has forced WABC to attempt to solidify its evening talk lineup, WJZs studio and transmitter were initially housed in a shack located on the factory roof, that was only accessible by ladder
9.
Blue Network
–
The Blue Network, and its immediate predecessor, the NBC Blue Network, were the on-air names of the now defunct American radio production and distribution service, which ran from 1927 to 1945. The Blue Network can be dated to 1923, when the Radio Corporation of America acquired WJZ, Newark from Westinghouse and moved it to New York City in May of that year. When RCA commenced operations of WRC, Washington on August 1,1923, Radio historian Elizabeth McLeod states that it would not be until 1924 that the Radio Group formally began network operations. The core stations of the Radio Group were RCAs stations WJZ and WRC, the Westinghouse station WBZ, then in Springfield, Massachusetts, and WGY, RCAs principal rival prior to 1926 was the radio broadcasting department of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. AT&T, starting in 1921, had been using this department as a test-bed for equipment being designed and manufactured by its Western Electric subsidiary, nevertheless, the WJZ network sought to compete toe-to-toe with the AT&T network, which was built around WEAF. For example, both stations sent announcer teams to cover the 1924 Democratic National Convention, which was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City. RCA were to receive a break in 1926, when AT&T made a decision to exit the broadcasting business. The first step by AT&T was to create the Broadcasting Company of America on May 15,1926, the Oakland Tribune stated that 4/5ths of the purchase price of WEAF could be attributed to good-will and the line access. On July 28,1926, the Washington Post reported in a story that RCA had acquired WCAP. The Oakland Tribune reported the day that WCAP had departed the field, and WRC would be operating on the frequency that they had shared. It is also announced that this opening Victor program inaugurates a new system to be operated by the National Broadcasting Company. This new chain, which will be known as the network, will allow simultaneous broadcasting from WJZ through WBZ, Springfield and Boston, KDKA, Pittsburgh. For broadcasting of the first program, therefore, the network will be joined with the red network, as the WEAF chain is designated. The Red and Blue Networks shared a pool of engineers and facilities. There are two examples, from the biggest news events of 1927. On May 20,1927, both of the NBC networks covered the return of Charles Lindbergh to America from his trans-Atlantic flight, star announcer Graham McNamee doing the honors. Three months later, a combined hookup of 67 stations on the two presented the second Dempsey–Tunney fight, broadcast by McNamee and NBC colleague Phillips Carlin. See Elizabeth McLeods discussion of surviving NBC broadcast material from this era, during the 1932–1933 season, Standard Oil of New Jersey sponsored an unusual program, the Five-Star Theater, which each weeknight presented a show in a different format
10.
Radio in the United States
–
Radio broadcasting in the United States is a major mass medium. Unlike radio in most other countries, American radio has historically relied primarily on commercial advertising sponsorship on for-profit stations, there is a smaller not-for-profit public sector, funded chiefly by listeners. Shortwave broadcasting in the United States includes federal government programs for overseas audiences, Radio broadcasting became popular in the 1920s, alongside the new film industry. The arrival of television in the 1950s forced radio into a niche role, in the 21st century, radio has been adjusting to the arrival of the Internet and Internet radio. In 1912, most amateur-radio transmissions were restricted to wavelengths below 200 meters to prevent interference to future commercial broadcasters, by 1928, the United States had three national radio networks, two owned by NBC, and one by CBS. Until 1943, there were four national radio networks, two owned by NBC, one owned by CBS and one owned by Mutual Broadcasting System. Stations were connected by broadcast-quality, leased telephone lines, nBCs second network became ABC, the American Broadcasting Company. By 1919, after the war, radio pioneers across the country resumed transmissions, the early stations gained new call signs. Many early stations were started by newspapers worried radio might replace their newspapers, KDKA received the first federal license and began broadcasting on November 2,1920. Its signal covered much of the country, and its very existence encouraged young men to build crystal sets to listen to the new technical marvel. Entrepreneurs set up primarily with the goal of selling expensive console radio sets that the whole family could listen to, or which restaurants. Madison Avenue early on recognized the importance of radio as a new advertising medium, advertising provided the major funding for most stations. The United States never had a fee for set users. The National Broadcasting Company began regular broadcasting in 1926, with links between New York and other Eastern cities. NBC became the dominant radio network, splitting into Red and Blue Networks, the Columbia Broadcasting System began in 1927 owned and directed by William S. Paley. Prior to 1927, U. S. radio was supervised by the Department of Commerce, then, the Radio Act of 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission, in 1934, this agency was renamed the Federal Communications Commission and is still in operation. In the early 1930s, a battle broke out as the newspaper industry tried to block the transmission of news by radio. Advertising revenues were plunging during the Great Depression, and newspapers were desperate to protect their main flow of income from the threat to the status quo
11.
American Broadcasting Company
–
The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
12.
ABC Radio (United States)
–
ABC Radio is a radio network in the United States. It is under the ownership of The Walt Disney Company, parent company of American Broadcasting Company with satellite distribution being handled by Skyview Networks and it launched on January 1,2015. ABC Radio originally began after the split of NBC Red and NBC Blue networks with ABC taking over operations of the latter from RCA in 1943 before adopting its name 2 years later. ABC Radio was known to broadcast the first nationwide report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, among the networks associated with ABC included Watermark Inc. Satellite Music Network, ESPN Radio and Radio Disney, despite a number of different owners, the radio division remained under ABCs wing until June 12,2007 when it was sold to Citadel Broadcasting as well as its O&O stations in a restructuring effort. The radio division kept the ABC name for two years until Citadel renamed it Citadel Media. Then sometime in September 2011, Cumulus Media purchased the now-defunct Citadel Broadcasting, in 2013, Cumulus Media Networks merged with Dial Global Radio Networks to form the current Westwood One. Skyview Networks will handle advertising sales and satellite distribution, the network succeeded in selling off most of its stations, and as a result the modern ABC Radio does not have any owned-and-operated stations unlike its previous incarnation. By December 23,2014, ABC News had signed up over 1,000 affiliated stations for at least one of ABC News, ABC Digital and this included 200 new affiliates and multiple stations affiliating with more than one service. Major new key affiliates added included WTOP-FM, WGN and KFI, the revived network launched on January 1,2015. Official website ABC Radio - Skyview Networks
13.
CBS Radio
–
CBS Radio is a radio broadcasting company owned by CBS Corporation. It is among the United States largest radio groups, operating 116 radio stations in 26 media markets. In 1999, Infinity became a division of Viacom, in 2005, Viacom spun CBS and Infinity Broadcasting back into a company. In 2016, CBS CEO Leslie Moonves stated that the company was exploring selling or spinning off CBS Radio. While the company announced its intent to perform a public offering. CBS Radio is one of the oldest units within CBS Corporation, however, the actual CBS Radio Network was launched in 1927, when CBS itself was known as United Independent Broadcasters. Columbia Records later joined in and that company was renamed the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System, in September 1927, Columbia Records sold the company to William S. Paley and in 1928, Paley streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. It became a traded company twice, in 1986. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which acquired CBS, Inc. in 1995, Westinghouse acquired American Radio Systems in 1997. In 1999, CBS Corporation was merged into Viacom, in August 2006, CBS Radio announced the sale of its 15 radio stations in Cincinnati, Ohio, Memphis, Tennessee, Austin, Texas, and Rochester, New York to Entercom Communications. This group deal was granted FCC approval in mid-November 2007 after it faced regulatory review and numerous challenges for over a year, several other stations, most in smaller markets, have also been sold to companies like Border Media Partners and Peak Media Corporation. On April 30,2008, CBS Radio and AOL entered a partnership and these stations were folded into the AOL Radio mobile app. On July 31,2008, CBS Radio announced that it would sell 50 more radio stations in 12 mid-size markets, on December 15,2008, CBS Radio and Clear Channel Communications reached an agreement to swap seven stations. The deal closed on April 1,2009, on December 20,2008, CBS Radio announced that it would sell the entire Denver cluster to Wilks Broadcasting for $19.5 Million, including KIMN, KWOF, and KXKL. On August 10,2009, CBS Radio announced that it would sell the entire Portland cluster to Alpha Broadcasting for $40 Million, the stations included in the sale are KCMD, KINK, KUFO, and KUPL. On February 4,2010, all CBS Radio stations, as well as AOL Radio, music Radio have restricted all non U. S. listeners from streaming online content. CBS Radio redirects to sister property Last. fm,2011 saw the biggest AC format removal of the company dropping AC for hot adult contemporary on Washington, D. C. s WIAD in March, followed by New York Citys WWFS on October 12. On August 1, WCFS-FM Chicago removed its AC format for all-news to simulcast WBBM, by November 2011, WLTE in Minneapolis/St
14.
Mutual Broadcasting System
–
The Mutual Broadcasting System was an American radio network in operation from 1934 to 1999. In the golden age of U. S. radio drama, Mutual was best known as the network home of The Lone Ranger and The Adventures of Superman. For many years, it was a broadcaster for Major League Baseball, the National Football League. From the mid-1930s and for decades after, Mutual ran a highly respected news service accompanied by a variety of popular commentary shows, during the 1970s, Mutual pioneered the nationwide late night call-in radio show and introduced the country to Larry King. Of the four networks of American radios classic era, Mutual had for decades the largest number of affiliates. For the first 18 years of its existence, Mutual was owned and operated as a cooperative, Mutuals member stations shared their own original programming, transmission and promotion expenses, and advertising revenues. From December 30,1936, when it debuted in the West and its business structure would change after General Tire assumed majority ownership in 1952 through a series of regional and individual station acquisitions. Not long after the sale, one of the new executive teams was charged with accepting money to use Mutual as a vehicle for foreign propaganda. The networks reputation was damaged, but soon rebounded. Attempts at establishing cooperatively owned radio networks had been made since the 1920s, in 1929, a group of four radio stations in the major markets of New York City, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Detroit organized into a loose confederation known as the Quality Network. Five years later, a similar or identical group of stations founded the Mutual Broadcasting System, Mutuals original participating stations were WOR–Newark, New Jersey, just outside New York, WGN–Chicago, WXYZ–Detroit, and WLW–Cincinnati. WOR and WGN, based in the two largest markets and providing the bulk of the programming, were the leaders of the group. On October 29,1934, Mutual Broadcasting System, Inc. was incorporated, with Bamberger, in contrast, the Mutual Broadcasting System was run as a true cooperative venture, with programming produced by and shared between the groups members. The majority of the programming, from WOR and WGN, consisted of musical features. WOR had The Witchs Tale, an anthology series whose hunner-an-thirteen-year-old narrator invited listeners to douse all lights. Now draw up to the fire an gaze into the embers. gaaaaze into em deep, an soon yell be across the seas, in th jungle land of Africa. Hear that chantin and them savage drums, WGN contributed the popular comedy series Lum and Abner. Detroits WXYZ provided The Lone Ranger, which had debuted in 1933 and was already in demand and it is often claimed that Mutual was launched primarily as a vehicle for the Western serial, but Lum and Abner was no less popular at the time
15.
NBC Red Network
–
The NBC Red Network is a defunct American radio network. Launched in 1926, it, along with the NBC Blue Network, were the two radio networks of the National Broadcasting Company, and the first two commercial radio networks in the United States. CBS Radio was established a year later, in 1943, NBC was required to divest itself of its Blue Network, which would eventually become the American Broadcasting Company. The Red Network continued as the NBC Radio Network, the NBC Radio Network itself no longer exists under its original configuration, having been spun off and gradually dissolved into eventual corporate parent Westwood One. In 1923, the Radio Corporation of America acquired control of WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, from Westinghouse, as part of the purchase, RCA also gained the rights to rent AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, and the technology for operating a quality radio network. On September 13,1926, RCA chairman of the board Owen D, Young and president James G. Harbord announced the formation of the National Broadcasting Company, Inc. to begin broadcasting upon RCAs acquisition of WEAF on November 15. The purpose of the National Broadcasting Company will be to provide the best programs available for broadcasting in the United States and it is hoped that arrangements may be made so that every event of national importance may be broadcast widely throughout the United States, announced M. H. Aylesworth, the first president of NBC, in the press release, although RCA was identified as the creator of the network, NBC was actually owned 50% by RCA, 30% by General Electric, and 20% by Westinghouse. The network officially was launched at 8 p. m. ET on Monday, carl Schlagel of the Metropolitan Opera opened the inaugural broadcast, which also featured Will Rogers and Mary Garden. The broadcast was made simultaneously on WEAF and WJZ, some of NBCs programming was broadcast that evening on WEEI WLIT, WRC, WDAF, and WWJ. noted by the different background color. NBC Blue would utilize this logo until their 1942 sale, on January 1,1927, NBC formally divided its programming along two networks. The two NBC networks did not have distinct identities or formats, the NBC Red Network, with WEAF as its flagship station and a stronger line-up of affiliated stations, often carried the more popular, big budget sponsored programs. The Blue Network and WJZ carried a somewhat smaller line-up of often lower-powered stations, NBC Blue often carried newer, untried programs, lower cost programs and un-sponsored or sustaining programs. In many cities in addition to New York, the two NBC affiliated stations were operated as duopolies, having the same owners and sharing the same staff, at this time, most network programs were owned by the sponsors and produced by their advertising agencies. The networks did not control or program their own schedules as they do now, Networks rented studio facilities to produce shows and sold air-time to sponsors. The only network produced programs were unsponsored programs used to fill unsold time periods, a similar two-part/two-color strategy appeared in the recording industry, dividing the market between classical and popular offerings. NBC Red then extended its reach into the midwest by acquiring two 50,000 watt clear-channel signals, Cleveland station WTAM on October 16,1930, on October 18,1931, Blue Network programming was introduced along the NBC Gold Network, which broadcast from San Franciscos KPO. In 1936 the Orange Network name was dropped and affiliate stations became part of the Red Network, the Gold Network adopted the Blue Network name
16.
Geraldo Rivera
–
Gerald Michael Rivera, better known as Geraldo Rivera, is an American attorney, reporter, author, and talk show host. He was the host of the talk show Geraldo from 1987 to 1998, Rivera hosted the newsmagazine program Geraldo at Large, hosts the occasional broadcast of Geraldo Rivera Reports, and appears regularly on Fox News Channel programs such as The Five. Rivera was born at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City, New York, the son of Lillian and Cruz Allen Rivera, Riveras father was a Catholic Puerto Rican, and his mother is of Ashkenazi Russian Jewish descent. He was raised mostly Jewish and had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony and he grew up in Brooklyn and West Babylon, New York, where he attended West Babylon High School. Riveras family was subjected to prejudice and racism, and took to spelling their surname as Riviera because they thought it sounded less ethnic. From September 1961 to May 1963, he attended the State University of New York Maritime College, in 1965, Rivera graduated from the University of Arizona with a B. S. degree in business administration. Following a series of ranging from clothing salesman to short-order cook. He then held a Reginald Heber Smith Fellowship in poverty law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School in the summer of 1969 before being admitted to the New York State Bar later that year. This work attracted the attention of WABC-TV news director Al Primo when Rivera was interviewed about the occupation of an East Harlem church in 1969. Primo offered Rivera a job as a reporter but was unhappy with the first name Gerald so they agreed to go with the used by the Puerto Rican side of Riveras family. Rivera was hired by WABC-TV in 1970 as a reporter for Eyewitness News, after John Lennon watched Riveras report on the patients at Willowbrook, he and Rivera put on a benefit concert called One to One. Around this time, Rivera also began hosting ABCs Good Night America, the show featured the famous refrain from Arlo Guthries hit City of New Orleans as the theme. A1975 episode of the program, featuring Dick Gregory and Robert J. Groden, on May 19,1983, Rivera broadcast the first U. S. network television mention of AIDS, interviewing on 20/20 New York lighting designer Ken Ramsauer. Ramsauer died aged 27, four days later, Rivera delivered a eulogy at Ramsauers Central Park memorial service, in October 1985, ABCs Roone Arledge refused to air a report done by Sylvia Chase for 20/20 on the relationship between Marilyn Monroe and John and Robert Kennedy. Rivera publicly criticized Arledges journalistic integrity, claiming that his friendship with the Kennedy family had caused him to spike the story, as a result, on April 21,1986, Rivera hosted The Mystery of Al Capones Vaults. The special broadcast was billed as the unearthing of Capones secret vaults located under the old Lexington Hotel in Chicago, millions of people watched the 2-hour show, but all that they uncovered was dirt. Recently, Rivera told the Chicago Tribune, It was a high profile program — maybe the highest profile program Ive ever been associated with. In 1987, Rivera began producing and hosting the talk show Geraldo
17.
Mike Huckabee
–
Michael Dale Huckabee is an American politician, Christian minister, author, musician, and commentator who served as the 44th Governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007. He was a candidate in the United States Republican presidential primaries in both 2008 and 2016 and he won the 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses and finished second in delegate count and third in both popular vote and number of states won, behind nominee John McCain and Mitt Romney. Beginning in 2008, Huckabee hosted the Fox News Channel talk show Huckabee, from April 2012 through December 2013, he hosted a daily radio program, The Mike Huckabee Show, on weekday afternoons for Cumulus Media Networks. Huckabee is the author of several best-selling books, an ordained Southern Baptist minister noted for his views, a musician. He is also a commentator on The Huckabee Report. Huckabee announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election, in Hope, Arkansas and it was his second run for the U. S. presidency. He suspended his campaign on February 1,2016 and became a vocal, Huckabee was born on August 24,1955, in Hope, Arkansas, the son of Dorsey Wiles Huckabee and his wife Mae Huckabee, conservative Southern Democrats. Huckabee is of English, German and Scots-Irish ancestry with roots in America dating to the colonial era. He has cited his working-class upbringing as the reason for his views, his father worked as a fireman and mechanic. His first job, when he was 14, was at a station where he read the news. He was elected Governor of Arkansas by his chapter of the American Legion-sponsored Boys State program in 1972 and he was student council vice president at Hope High School during the 1971–72 school year. He was student council president at Hope High School during the 1972–73 school year and he has one sister, Mrs. Pat Harris, a middle school teacher. He entered the ministry in 1972 at Garrett Memorial Baptist Church in Hope, Huckabee married his wife, Janet, on May 25,1974. He dropped out of the seminary after one year in order to take a job in Christian broadcasting, at age 21, Huckabee was a staffer for televangelist James Robison. Robison commented, His convictions shape his character and his character will shape his policies and his whole life has been shaped by moral absolutes. Prior to his career, he served as pastor at Immanuel Baptist Church in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, from 1980 to 1986. Huckabee started 24-hour television stations in both Pine Bluff and Texarkana, where he produced documentaries and hosted a program called Positive Alternatives and he encouraged the all-white Immanuel Baptist Church to accept black members in the mid-1980s. I was in the ICU at 2 a. m, in 1989, Huckabee ran against Ronnie Floyd of Springdale for the presidency of the Arkansas Baptist State Convention
18.
Mark Levin
–
Mark Reed Levin is an American lawyer, author, and the host of syndicated radio show The Mark Levin Show. Levin worked in the administration of President Ronald Reagan and was a chief of staff for Attorney General Edwin Meese and he is president of the Landmark Legal Foundation, has authored six books, and contributes commentary to various media outlets such as National Review Online. On September 1,2015, Levin was named Editor-in-Chief of Conservative Review, Mark Reed Levin, one of three boys, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Erdenheim as well as Elkins Park, Pennsylvania. His father, Jack E. Levin, is the author of several books and he graduated from Cheltenham High School after three years in 1974. After high school, Levin enrolled at Temple University Ambler including summer classes and graduated with a B. A. in Political Science in 1977 at age 19, summa cum laude, Levin won election to the Cheltenham school board in 1977 on a platform of reducing property taxes. In 1980, Levin earned a J. D. from Temple University Beasley School of Law, Levin worked for Texas Instruments after law school. Department of Education, and deputy solicitor of the U. S. Department of the Interior. He practiced law in the sector and is president of Landmark Legal Foundation. Levin has participated in Freedom Concerts, a benefit concert to aid families of fallen soldiers. Levin is also involved with Troopathon, a charity that sends care packages to soldiers serving overseas, in 2001 the American Conservative Union awarded Levin its Ronald Reagan Award. He was awarded the inaugural Citizens United Andrew Breitbart Defender of the First Amendment Award at CPAC in 2014, Levin began his broadcasting career as a guest on conservative talk radio programs. He was also a contributor to The Sean Hannity Show and eventually got a slot of his own on WABC, initially on Sundays beginning in 2002. Cumulus Media Networks began syndicating The Mark Levin Show nationally in 2006, Levin is known for his frequent use of the pejorative moron and puke for people he opposes. Hannity has nicknamed Mark Levin The Great One, Levin and Hannity remain frequent contributors to each others programs. He is a conservative commentator, ranked 4–6 position nationally among talk radio programs. On February 11,2016, Levin signed a contract extension with Westwood One. Levin authored the 2005 book Men In Black, How The Supreme Court Is Destroying America, rescuing Sprite, A Dog Lovers Story of Joy and Anguish is a non-fiction work written by Levin in 2007 about his experience of rescuing a dog named Sprite from a local animal shelter. Liberty and Tyranny, A Conservative Manifesto was released on March 24,2009 and it came in at No.2 on Amazon. coms list of bestselling books of 2009
19.
Michael Savage
–
Michael Alan Weiner, better known by his professional name Michael Savage, is an American radio host, author, activist, nutritionist, and conservative political commentator. Since October 23,2012, Michael Savage has been syndicated by Cumulus Media Networks and he holds masters degrees from the University of Hawaii in medical botany and medical anthropology, and a Ph. D. from the University of California, Berkeley in nutritional ethnomedicine. As Michael Weiner, he has written books on nutrition, herbal medicine, Savage has summarized his political philosophy in three words, borders, language, and culture. Savage has characterized his views as conservative nationalism, while critics have characterized them as fostering extremism and he opposes illegal immigration to the United States, supports the English-only movement and argues that liberalism and progressivism are degrading American culture. Since 2009, Savage has been barred from entering the United Kingdom, for seeking to provoke others to serious criminal acts, Savage was born Michael Alan Weiner in the Bronx, New York, one of three children of Benjamin and Rae Weiner, Jewish emigrants from Russia. He described his childhood as difficult and his father, the owner of an antiques shop, died of a heart attack at age 57 in 1970, and his mother died in 2003. After graduating from Jamaica High School in 1958, Savage attended Queens College, after college Savage taught high school for several years in New York City. His first marriage in 1964 to Carol Ely ended in divorce, leary hired him to the post because Savage did not use LSD himself. Savage then studied at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, earning a Master of Science in botany in 1970 and he obtained a PhD in 1978 from the University of California, Berkeley, in nutritional ethnomedicine. His thesis was titled Nutritional Ethnomedicine in Fiji, Savage introduced himself to certain writers in the North Beach area of San Francisco in the 1970s. He befriended and traveled with Beat poets Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Savage maintained a correspondence with Ginsberg consisting of ten letters and a trio of postcards across four years, which is maintained with Ginsbergs papers at Stanford University. One letter asked for Ginsberg and Ferlinghetti to come do a reading, so others could hear and see. Another acquaintance was poet and author Neeli Cherkovski, who says that Savage dreamed of becoming a comic in the mold of Lenny Bruce. Acquaintance Robert Cathcart says that by 1980, in his conversations with Savage. Schwartz stated Savage became alienated from the North Beach scene in the early 1980s, Savage had intense arguments with his liberal friends. When asked about his shift in politics and other views, Savage replied, I was once a child, Savage has cited many occurrences in his life that helped shape his conservative views. Savage states that his opinions on welfare were partly shaped by his first job out of college as a social worker. He described one incident in which his supervisor had him deliver a check to a client to furnish their apartment
20.
Jim Brickman
–
Jim Brickman is an American songwriter and pianist of pop, as well as a radio show host. Brickman has earned six Gold and Platinum albums, since 1997, he has hosted his own radio show called Your Weekend with Jim Brickman, which is carried on radio stations throughout the United States. Brickman has also released five PBS specials, and hosts an annual fan cruise and he is founder of Brickhouse Direct, a company that provides strategic marketing and e-commerce solutions for clients in a variety of industries. Brickman was born and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio and attended Shaker Heights High School and he began playing piano at the age of five. Later he studied composition and performance at the Cleveland Institute of Music while taking classes at Case Western Reserve University. The songs Angel Eyes and If You Believe gained radio airplay from Brickmans second release, the following year, the CDs title track, By Heart, became his first top 20 adult contemporary hit. In 1997, Brickman released the album Picture This, adding a performance, Valentine. This song charted on country and AC stations, with the album selling platinum. In November 2005, three of Brickmans albums, The Disney Songbook, Grace and Greatest Hits, held the top three spots on Billboards new age chart. He also received a Grammy nomination in 2003, an SESAC Songwriter of the Year award, the 2008 album Faith was nominated for the 2009 Grammy Award for Best New Age Album. Brickman composes a variety of music, besides his piano compositions and love songs, he has also drafted arrangements of existing songs, and several of his albums feature arrangements of childrens music. In 2007, Brickman teamed up with Somerset Group Ltd. producing and distributing concept-based music to some of the country’s biggest retailers including Target, Bed Bath & Beyond, Walmart, the show features experts including Showbiz Tonights A. J. Hammer, HGTV’s Sabrina Soto, Dr. Drew Ramsey, a strong supporter of PBS, Brickman has filmed and released the PBS specials My Romance, An Evening with Jim Brickman, Love Songs & Lullabies, The Disney Songbook, and Beautiful World. Since 2006, Brickman has hosted a fan cruise, being joined at sea with his fans for a week of activities. In 2013, the first annual Brickman Bash kicked off in Nashville on July 18–21, fans would spend a weekend with Brickman touring Franklin and Nashville, TN. Since 2008, Brickman has partnered with American Greetings, John Q. Hammons Hotels & Resorts, Whole Foods, Roland, Celestial Seasonings, Audio-Technica, Brickman appeared on the September/October 2013 cover of Making Music Magazine to discuss his life and career. Brickman founded Brickhouse Direct in 2003, a company provides strategic marketing. A Valentine was originally released to Adult Contemporary and charted on Hot Country Songs as an album cut
21.
Kix Brooks
–
Leon Eric Kix Brooks III is an American country music artist, actor, and film producer best known for being one half of the duo Brooks & Dunn and host of radios American Country Countdown. Prior to the foundation, he was a singer and songwriter, charting twice on Hot Country Songs. Brooks and Ronnie Dunn comprised Brooks & Dunn for 20 years, brookss solo career after Brooks & Dunn has included the album New to This Town. Brooks grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana and he has one sister, one half-sister, one half-brother and his father adopted one son of his third wife. He attended Riverside Elementary for grades K-5, after graduating from the former Sewanee Military Academy, an Episcopalian institution in Sewanee, Tennessee, Brooks attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, where he was a theatre arts major. He moved to Alaska to work for his father on an oil pipeline for one summer and he then moved to Maine and wrote advertising for a company owned by his sister and brother-in-law. His father urged him to pursue his desire to become a musician and his then girlfriend followed shortly thereafter. He began working for Tree Publishing as a staff songwriter and he recorded his first solo single, Baby, When Your Heart Breaks Down, for Avion in 1983 but returned to songwriting after its failure. Brooks and Dan Tyler co-wrote Modern Day Romance, released by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in June 1985, Brooks released an album, Kix Brooks, in 1989 on Capitol Records. This album also featured the song Sacred Ground, which became a No.2 country hit for McBride & the Ride in 1992 and he was one half of country music duo Brooks & Dunn. Brooks usually provides backing vocals on their songs and singles, the singles featuring Brooks on lead vocals include, Youre Gonna Miss Me When Im Gone, which went to No. 1, Lost and Found, Rock My World, Mama Dont Get Dressed Up for Nothing, South of Santa Fe, on August 10,2009, Brooks & Dunn announced to their fans, via their website that they intended to disband after 20 years of touring. According to the statement released on their web site, Brooks & Dunn intend to release a greatest hits album, tour throughout the rest of 2009. Brooks resumed his career in 2012, releasing a new 12-track album on September 11,2012. New to This Town features nine songs co-written by Brooks, including the albums first single and he followed up his second album with the soundtrack to the western film Ambush at Dark Canyon in 2014. Brooks composed the majority of the score as well as starring in the film. On December 3,2014 it was announced that Brooks & Dunn will reunite along with Reba McEntire to perform a series of concerts in Vegas throughout the summer and fall to 2015. Brooks and Dunn have won more Country Music Association awards and Academy of Country Music awards than any act in the history of country music and they have sold over 30 million records and continue to be one of the most consistently successful touring acts on the concert circuit
22.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
23.
Western Union
–
The Western Union Company is an American financial services and communications company. Its North American headquarters is in Meridian, Colorado, though the designation of nearby Englewood is used in its mailing address. Up until it discontinued the service in 2006, Western Union was the best-known U. S. company in the business of exchanging telegrams, Western Union has several divisions, with products such as person-to-person money transfer, money orders, business payments and commercial services. They offered standard Cablegrams, as well as more products such as Candygrams, Dollygrams. Western Union, as a monopoly, dominated the telegraph industry in the late 19th century. It was the first communications empire and set a pattern for American-style communications businesses as they are known today, meanwhile, Ezra Cornell had bought back one of his bankrupt companies and renamed it the New York & Western Union Telegraph Company. Originally fierce competitors, by 1856 both groups were convinced that consolidation was their only alternative for progress. The merged company was named the Western Union Telegraph Company at Cornells insistence, Western Union bought out smaller companies rapidly, and by 1860 its lines reached from the East Coast to the Mississippi River, and from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River. In 1861 it opened the first transcontinental telegraph, in 1865 it formed the Russian–American Telegraph in an attempt to link America to Europe, via Alaska, into Siberia, to Moscow. The company enjoyed phenomenal growth during the few years. Under the leadership of presidents Jeptha Wade and William Orton its capitalization rose from $385,700 in 1858 to $41 million in 1876. However it was top-heavy with stock issues, and faced growing competition from several firms, in 1881 Gould took control of Western Union. It introduced the first stock ticker in 1866, and a time service in 1870. The next year,1871, the company introduced its money transfer service, in 1879, Western Union left the telephone business, having lost a patent lawsuit with Bell Telephone Company. As the telephone replaced the telegraph, money transfer would become its primary business, when the Dow Jones Transportation Average stock market index for the New York Stock Exchange was created in 1884, Western Union was one of the original eleven all-American companies tracked. By 1900, Western Union operated a million miles of telegraph lines, the company continued to grow, acquiring more than 500 smaller competitors. Its monopoly power was almost complete in 1943 when it bought Postal Telegraph, in 1914, Western Union offered the first charge card for consumers, in 1923 it introduced teletypewriters to join its branches. Singing telegrams followed in 1933, intercity fax in 1935, in 1958, it began offering Telex service to customers in New York City
24.
WJZ-TV
–
WJZ-TV, channel 13, is a CBS owned-and-operated television station located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation, WJZ-TVs studios and offices are located on Television Hill in the Woodberry section of Baltimore, adjacent to the transmission tower it shares with four other Baltimore television stations. On cable, the station is carried on Comcast channels 23 and 813, in outlying areas of the market, the station is carried on channel 13. Baltimores third television station started on November 2,1948 as WAAM, the stations original owner was Radio-Television of Baltimore, Inc. which was operated by a pair of Baltimore businessmen, brothers Ben and Herman Cohen. Channel 13 was originally an ABC affiliate, the networks fifth outlet to be located on the East Coast, until 1956, it carried an additional primary affiliation with the DuMont Television Network. On the stations first day of operations, WAAM broadcast the 1948 presidential election returns and various entertainment shows, as a DuMont affiliate, WAAM originated many Baltimore Colts games for the networks National Football League coverage. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation purchased WAAM from the Cohen brothers in May 1957, Westinghouse took control of the station in August of that year, and changed its callsign to WJZ-TV the following month. The WJZ call letters had previously resided on ABCs flagship radio/television combination in New York City, all of Baltimores television stations had fairly short transmitter towers in the mediums early years. But in 1959, the three banded together to build the worlds first three-pronged candelabra tower. Constructed behind the WJZ-TV studios, it was the tallest free standing television antenna in the United States at the time of its completion, the tower significantly improved channel 13s signal coverage in central Maryland, and also added new viewers in Washington, D. C. Additionally, Baltimore viewers could watch ABC programs on Washington, D. C. s WMAL-TV/WJLA-TV, deanes program was the inspiration for the John Waters 1988 motion picture Hairspray and its subsequent Broadway musical version, which in turn has been made into a film. WJZ-TV nearly lost its ABC affiliation in 1977, when the network briefly pursued WBAL-TV just as ABC became the most-watched broadcast network in the United States for the first time. However, WBAL-TV declined the ABC affiliation offer due to ABCs last-place network evening newscast offerings of the time, keeping ABC on channel 13. In 1994, ABC agreed to a deal with the broadcasting division of the E. W. Scripps Company. ABC agreed to the deal as a condition of keeping its affiliation on Scripps two biggest stations, WXYZ-TV in Detroit and WEWS in Cleveland, both stations had been heavily courted by CBS, which was about to lose its longtime Detroit and Cleveland affiliates to Fox. One of the stations that was tapped to switch was Baltimores then-NBC affiliate, ABC was reluctant to include WMAR in the deal, it had been a ratings also-ran for over 30 years while WJZ-TV was one of the strongest ABC affiliates in the nation. However, not wanting to be relegated to UHF in two markets with few choices for a new affiliate, ABC opted to end its 47-year affiliation with channel 13. Group W felt betrayed by ABC after so many years of loyalty, as a safeguard, it began to shop for an affiliation deal of its own
25.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
–
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company. It was founded on January 8,1886, as Westinghouse Electric Company and later renamed Westinghouse Electric Corporation by inventor, George Westinghouse had previously founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The corporation purchased CBS broadcasting company in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, Westinghouse Electric was founded by George Westinghouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1886. The firm became active in developing electric infrastructure throughout the United States, in addition to George Westinghouse, early engineers working for the company included Frank Conrad, Benjamin Garver Lamme, Oliver B. Shallenberger, William Stanley, Nikola Tesla, Stephen Timoshenko and Vladimir Zworykin, early on Westinghouse was a rival to Thomas Edisons electric company. In 1892 Edison was merged with Westinghouses chief AC rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, making even bigger competitor, Westinghouse changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. Westinghouse purchased CBS in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, in 1998, CBS established a brand licensing subsidiary Westinghouse Licensing Corporation. In 1997/1998 the Power Generation Business Unit, headquartered in Orlando, FL, was sold to Siemens AG, a year later, CBS sold all of its nuclear power businesses to British Nuclear Fuels Limited. Soon after, BNFL gained license rights on the Westinghouse trademarks and that company was sold to Toshiba in 2007. The first commercial Westinghouse steam turbine generator, a 1,500 kW unit. The machine, nicknamed Mary-Ann, was the first steam turbine generator to be installed by a utility to generate electricity in the US. George Westinghouse had based his original steam turbine design on designs licensed from the English inventor Charles Parsons. or were built overseas under Westinghouse license. Major Westinghouse licensees or joint venture partners included Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and Harbin Turbine Co. Westinghouse boasted 50,000 employees by 1900, and established a formal research and development department in 1906. While the company was expanding, it would experience internal financial difficulties, during the Panic of 1907, the Board of Directors forced George Westinghouse to take a six-month leave of absence. Westinghouse officially retired in 1909 and died years later in 1914. Under new leadership, Westinghouse Electric diversified its business activities in electrical technology and it acquired the Copeman Electric Stove Company in 1914 and Pittsburgh High Voltage Insulator Company in 1921. Westinghouse also moved into broadcasting by establishing Pittsburghs KDKA, the first commercial radio station. Westinghouse expanded into the business, establishing the Westinghouse Elevator Company in 1928
26.
NBC
–
The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
27.
WFAN
–
WFAN, also known as Sports Radio 66 and 101 FM or The FAN, is a radio station located in New York City. The station broadcasts on a channel and is owned and operated by CBS Radio. WFANs studios are located in the combined CBS Radio facility in the West Village section of Manhattan, WFAN is also heard on WFAN-FM, CBS announced a purchase of that station from Merlin Media LLC in October 2012 and began a simulcast of The FAN on November 1,2012. WFAN was one of the earliest stations to adopt the radio format. The 660 AM frequency in New York City originated as WEAF on March 2,1922, in 1926 WEAF became the flagship station of the NBC Red Network, one of two radio chains operated by the National Broadcasting Company. By 1928 WEAF was purchased by NBCs parent company, the Radio Corporation of America, as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement of 1941, WEAF became a clear-channel station and could be heard across most of the eastern half of North America at night. In 1943 the United States Supreme Court, citing antitrust concerns, wEAFs call letters were changed to WNBC in 1946, then to WRCA in 1954, and back to WNBC in 1960. During the 1960s, WNBC relied less on network programming and adopted a talk format, the station spent much of the 1970s and early 1980s flipping between the Top 40 and adult contemporary formats, with varying success. At 3,00 p. m. on July 1,1987, Emmis Communications-owned WFAN signed on at 1050 kHz, replacing country music station WHN, and billing itself as the worlds first 24-hour-per-day sports talk station. The first voice heard on WFAN was that of Suzyn Waldman, with an update, followed by the first show. Waldman reported for the station, covering the New York Yankees, other hosts besides Lampley during WFANs fifteen months at 1050 kHz included Bill Mazer, Pete Franklin, Greg Gumbel, Art Shamsky, and Ed Coleman. Ann Liguori is also one of the hosts and was the first woman to host a show on the station. Hey Liguori, Whats the Story aired the first weekend the station was on the air in 1987, WFAN also inherited broadcast rights to the defending World Series champion New York Mets from WHN, who had held the rights for several years. In early 1988, General Electric, which now owned NBC through its purchase of RCA two years earlier, announced that it would close the NBC Radio division and sell its stations. In February of that year GE made a deal with Emmis and. On October 7,1988 at 5,30 p. m. WFAN moved down the dial to replace WNBC at 660 kHz. The last voice heard on WNBC was that of Alan Colmes, thank you, God bless you, and for the last time, this is 66 WNBC New York City. He then counted down the seconds to WNBCs demise with the legendary NBC chimes playing in the background, after 66 years, the long history of NBC radio in New York City had come to an end
28.
Federal Communications Commission
–
The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the media, public safety and homeland security, and modernizing itself. The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the Federal Radio Commission, the FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCCs mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries of North America. The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees and it has an estimated fiscal-2016 budget of US$388 million. Consistent with the objectives of the Act as well as the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act and these are, Broadband All Americans should have affordable access to robust and reliable broadband products and services. Competition Competition in the provision of services, both domestically and overseas, supports the Nations economy. The competitive framework for communications services should foster innovation and offer consumers reliable, Media The Nations media regulations must promote competition and diversity and facilitate the transition to digital modes of delivery. Public Safety and Homeland Security Communications during emergencies and crisis must be available for public safety, health, defense, the Nations critical communications infrastructure must be reliable, interoperable, redundant, and rapidly restorable. The FCC is directed by five appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate for five-year terms. The U. S. President designates one of the commissioners to serve as chairman, only three commissioners may be members of the same political party. None of them may have a financial interest in any FCC-related business, importantly, commissioners may continue serving until the appointment of their replacements, but may not serve beyond the end of the next session of Congress following term expiration. In practice, as of 2016 this means that commissioners may serve up to 1 1/2 years beyond the term expiration dates listed above if no replacement is appointed. The Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau develops and implements the FCCs consumer policies, CGB serves as the public face of the FCC through outreach and education, as well as through their Consumer Center, which is responsible for responding to consumer inquiries and complaints. CGB also maintains partnerships with state, local, and tribal governments in such areas as emergency preparedness. The Enforcement Bureau is responsible for enforcement of provisions of the Communications Act 1934, FCC rules, FCC orders, major areas of enforcement that are handled by the Enforcement Bureau are consumer protection, local competition, public safety, and homeland security. S. The International Bureau also oversees FCC compliance with the international Radio Regulations, the Media Bureau also handles post-licensing matters regarding direct broadcast satellite service. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau regulates domestic wireless telecommunications programs and policies, the Wireline Competition Bureau develops policy concerning wire line telecommunications. The Wireline Competition Bureaus main objective is to promote growth and economical investments in technology infrastructure, development, markets
29.
Edward John Noble
–
Edward John Noble was an American broadcasting and candy industrialist originally from Gouverneur, New York. He co-founded the Life Savers Corporation in 1913, Edward Noble was born in Gouverneur, New York and educated in the public schools. He attended Syracuse University and graduated from Yale in 1905, in 1912, chocolate manufacturer Clarence Crane of Cleveland, Ohio invented Life Savers as a summer candy that could withstand heat better than chocolate. Since the mints looked like miniature life preservers, he called them Life Savers, after registering the trademark, Crane sold the rights to the peppermint candy to Edward Noble for $2,900. Instead of using cardboard rolls, which were not very successful, pep-O-Mint was the first Life Savers flavor. He was the first chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Authority and he also served as secretary of Commerce under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1939-1940. In 1943, Edward John Noble bought the St. Catherines Island on the coast of Georgia, in 1968, ten years after his death, the island was transferred to the Edward J. Noble Foundation. The island is now owned by the St. Catherines Island Foundation, and the interior is operated for charitable, scientific, literary. Noble was part of the St. Lawrence Seaway Project and was appointed to the board by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954. He owned Boldt Castle, the Thousand Island Club, and a residence on Wellesley Island. The ornamental street lights in the park are all that remain of the gift of new street lights that were given to the village by Edward and his brother. The lights were in memory of their father, Edward Noble died peacefully in his sleep on December 28,1958. Three hospitals and a foundation are named after him, after entering the tower from Bruce Waynes office balcony, a plaque recognizing either Noble can be found beside a model of Wayne Tower in the receptionist lobby. It reads Wayne Tower & Plaza Architecture by, Edward Noble followed by a credit to Martin Teichmann. Noble Hospital in Gouverneur, NY Edward John Noble Foundation company information from BusinessWeek
30.
Life Savers
–
Life Savers is an American brand of ring-shaped hard candy. Its range of mints and artificial fruit-flavors is known for its packaging, coming in paper-wrapped aluminum foil rolls. Candy manufacturer Clarence Crane of Garrettsville, Ohio, invented the brand in 1912 as a candy that could withstand heat better than chocolate. The candys name is derived from its similarity to the shape of life preservers used for saving people who have fallen from boats, after registering the trademark, Crane sold the rights to his Pep-O-Mint peppermint candy to Edward John Noble for $2,900. Instead of using cardboard rolls, which were not very successful and he also encouraged the owners of the establishments to always give customers a nickel in their change to encourage sales of the $0.05 cent Life Savers. The slogan Still only 5 cents helped Life Savers to become a favorite treat for children with a tight allowance, since then, many different flavors of Life Savers have been produced. The five-flavor roll first appeared in 1935, a series of mergers and acquisitions by larger companies began in 1956. Life Savers is currently a property of Mars, Incorporated, in recent decades, the brand expanded to include Gummi Savers in 1992, Life Saver Minis in 1996, Creme Savers in 1998, and Life Saver Fusions in 2001. Discontinued varieties include, Fruit Juicers, Holes, Life Saver Lollipops, Life Savers candy was first created in 1912 by Clarence Crane, a Cleveland, Ohio, candy maker. Crane developed a line of hard mints but did not have the space or machinery to make them and he contracted with a pill manufacturer to press the mints into shape. In 1913, Crane sold the formula for his Life Savers candy to Edward Noble of Gouverneur, Noble started his own candy company and began producing and selling the mints known as Pep-O-Mint Life Savers. He also began to package the mints into rolls wrapped in tin foil to prevent them from going stale and this process was done by hand until 1919 when machinery was developed by Edward Nobles brother, Robert Peckham Noble, to streamline the process. He took his younger brothers entrepreneurial vision and designed and built the facilities needed to expand the company. The primary manufacturing plant for Life Savers was located in Port Chester, New York, Robert led the company as its Chief Executive Officer and primary shareholder for more than 40 years, until selling the company in the late 1950s. By 1919, six other flavors had been developed, and these remained the standard flavors until the late 1920s, in 1920, a new flavor called Malt-O-Milk was introduced. This flavor was received so poorly that it was discontinued only a few years. In 1925, the tinfoil was replaced with aluminum foil, Noble promoted the candy at the cash registers of saloons, cigar stores, drug stores, barber shops, and restaurants. He had the candy placed, with a five-cent price, near the cash register, in 1921, the company began to produce solid fruit drops
31.
Rexall
–
Rexall is a chain of American drugstores, and the name of their store-branded products. The stores, having roots in the federation of United Drug Stores starting in 1903, the Canadian Rexall brand is not related to the US operations. In 1903, Louis K. Liggett persuaded 40 independent drug stores to invest $4,000 in a cooperative called United Drug Stores. After World War I, the established a franchise arrangement whereby independently owned retail outlets adopted the Rexall trade name. The company was based in Boston, in an area now occupied by Northeastern University, free tickets for locals to see displays of Rexall products were available at local Rexall drug stores. The 29,000 mile tour visited 47 of the 48 contiguous states and it was the million-dollar brainchild of Louis Liggett, who travelled in the rear observation car. Justin Whitlock Dart, formerly of the Walgreens drugstore chain, took control of Boston-based United Drug Company in 1943, the chain operated under the Liggett, Owl, Sonta, and Rexall brands, which Dart rebranded under the Rexall name. Rexall gained national exposure through its sponsorship of two famous classic American radio programs of the 1940s and 1950s, Amos and Andy and The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show. Both shows were opened by an advertisement from an actor portraying your Rexall family druggist. They also sponsored the Jimmy Durante Show and references are made by the character Mr. Peavey in some of The Great Gildersleeve radio shows. Rexall also sponsored Richard Diamond, Private Detective starring Dick Powell from April 1950 until Camel replaced Rexall as the sponsor after the December 6,1950, broadcast. In 1946, United-Rexall Drug Inc. purchased the Renfro chain in Texas and it also launched the Owl Superstores chain. In 1947, the company held an opening for their new headquarters and first store in Los Angeles. The new Hollywood Owl was reported in Life as the Worlds Biggest Drugstore, in 1958, the Rexall Drug Company was the largest U. S. drug store franchise, with 11,158 stores. Time noted that two-thirds of its stores were in areas where one-third of the population lived, however, this comprised more than 20% of all drug stores in the United States. Dart sold his stake in Rexall in 1978, Dart had acquired stakes in West Bend, Duracell, Hobart Corporation, Tupperware, Ralph Wilson Plastics, and Archer Glass, which were collectively known as Dart Industries. These well-financed corporate entities were able to reduce costs with block purchasing, by 1977, the value of the Rexall business had deteriorated to the point that it was sold to private investors for $16 million. The investors divested the company-owned stores, though existing franchise retailers were able to keep the Rexall name and these tended to be weaker stores, and few kept the name as time progressed
32.
KABC (AM)
–
KABC-AM is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California. It serves as a West Coast flagship station for the Cumulus Media company, a pioneer of the talk radio format, the station went all-talk in September 1960, the second radio station to do so, a few months after KMOX in St. Louis. Despite different owners,790 KABC, ESPN LA710 and ABC7 all maintain an informal partnership, kABCs studios and transmitter are both co-located on La Cienega Boulevard in the West Adams district of Los Angeles. KABC broadcasts in the HD format, the station airs local talk shows and news updates weekdays, with the nationally syndicated shows Jonathan Brandmeier and Red Eye Radio airing at night, from co-owned Westwood One Network. National news from Westwood One News is heard at the beginning of some hours, KABC also airs Los Angeles Kings professional hockey games. Doug McIntyre hosts the show and John Philips and Jillian Barberie are heard in the early afternoons. In early mornings, the station simulcasts the news-heavy 4, 30am half-hour of Today in L. A. from television station KNBC. KABC operates at 5,000 watts with a signal in the daytime. KABC has been granted an FCC construction permit to move to the KWKW transmitter site, increase day power to 6,600 watts, on February 21,2017 an application to modify the construction permit was accepted for filing. The night power would increase to 7,900 watts, KABC began in August 1925 as KFXB in Big Bear Lake. The station moved to Los Angeles in 1927 and became KPLA, on November 15,1929, KPLA was sold to Earle C. Anthony, a Packard automobile dealer and owner of KFI, Anthony changed the call letters to KECA. In August 1939, Anthony purchased KEHE-780 and took station off the air. KECAs call sign and programming were moved from 1430 kHz to 780 kHz, KECA moved to 790 kHz as part of the NARBA frequency shifts of 1941. In 1944, new FCC rules went into effect prohibiting any entity from owning more than one station in the same market area. The Blue Network bought the station in July,1944, for $800,000, the call sign was changed to KABC in 1954, after those call letters were released by a station in San Antonio. KABC switched to a talk format in 1960, becoming the nations second all-talk station. Though a prominent Los Angeles news-talk station, KABC has declined in the ratings over the years, the station has fallen behind 640 KFI, another major talk station which has focused on serving Orange County more than the core Los Angeles market
33.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
34.
WXYT (AM)
–
WXYT is a commercial radio station licensed to Detroit, Michigan broadcasting a sports talk format. The station serves the Detroit-Windsor market and the Southeastern Michigan and Southwestern Ontario areas and its transmitter is in Monroe County at Ash Township and operations and studios are at CBS Radios facilities in Southfield, Michigan. WXYT is a 50,000 watt, Class B station broadcasting on a regional frequency and it is not a clear-channel station because of its frequency and highly directional antenna. The station is owned by CBS Radio and this station used to be known as WXYZ, an ABC Radio-owned radio station from 1946 until 1984. WXYT is licensed by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission for hybrid broadcasting, the station went on the air October 10,1925, as WGHP - named after its owner, George Harrison Phelps. The radio station was licensed in Detroit, then moved to Mt. Clemens in 1927, the station was rated at 500 watts. WGHP was a member of the CBS Radio Network, being one of the 16 stations that aired the first CBS network program on September 18,1927. In 1930, the station was purchased by George W. Trendles Kunsky-Trendle Broadcasting, the station was rated at 1,000 watts when it moved back to Detroit in 1930. Trendle moved the station to the Maccabees Building on Woodward Avenue in downtown Detroit, however, most programming in the 1930s, 1940s and early 1950s originated from the former Mendelson Mansion on East Jefferson Avenue. In addition to programs, WXYZ produced The Lone Ranger, Challenge of the Yukon and The Green Hornet for broadcast throughout the US. The stations original call letters, WGHP, are now used by a Fox-affiliated television station in High Point, the stations slogan The Last Word in Radio would tie-in with its call letters. Another former slogan was WXYZ, Where the Best Comes Last, on June 1,1932, WXYZs affiliation with CBS ended. The trade magazine Broadcasting reported that the reason was to make way for local programs. In 1934, WXYZ was one of the stations of the Mutual Broadcasting System, along with WOR in New York, WGN in Chicago. On September 29,1935, WXYZ dropped out of the Mutual group to become an affiliate of the NBC Blue network, the following year, its parent company, Kunsky-Trendle, changed its name to King-Trendle. In 1946, the station was purchased by the American Broadcasting Company, on May 2,1946, Noble, ABC board chairman, announced the purchase of King-Trendle Broadcasting Corp. for $3,650,000. The sale was approved by FCC on July 18, in 1948, WXYZ personalities contributed to launching programing on ABCs new Detroit television station WXYZ-TV, Channel 7, and WXYZ-FM also signed on at 101.1 MHz. Dick Osgood of WXYZ radio was the first face on Channel 7 from its studios in the Maccabees Building, ABC moved WXYZ AM-FM-TV in 1959 from the Maccabees Building to a new home known as Broadcast House
35.
Detroit
–
Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
36.
Lone Ranger
–
The Lone Ranger is a fictional masked former Texas Ranger who fought outlaws in the American Old West with his Native American friend, Tonto. The character has been called an icon of American culture. He first appeared in 1933 in a show conceived either by WXYZ radio station owner George W. Trendle, or by Fran Striker. The radio series proved to be a hit and spawned a series of books, a popular television show that ran from 1949 to 1957, comic books. The title character was played on the show by George Seaton, Earle Graser. Clayton Moore portrayed the Lone Ranger on television, although during a dispute, Moore was replaced temporarily by John Hart. The Lone Ranger was named so because the character is the survivor of a group of six Texas Rangers. While details differ, the story of the origin of the Lone Ranger is the same in most versions of the franchise. Later, an Indian named Tonto stumbles onto the scene and discovers one ranger is barely alive, in some versions, Tonto recognizes the lone survivor as the man who saved his life when they both were children. According to the series, when Tonto left the Reid place with a horse given him by the boy Reid, he gave Reid a ring and the name Kemo Sabe. Among the Rangers killed was the older brother, Daniel Reid, who was a captain in the Texas Rangers. To conceal his identity and honor his brother, Reid fashions a black domino mask from the material of his brothers vest. To aid in the deception, Tonto digs a grave and places at its head a cross bearing Reids name so that Cavendish. In many versions Reid continues fighting for justice as The Lone Ranger even after the Cavendish gang is captured, as generally depicted, the Lone Ranger conducts himself by a strict moral code based on that put in place by Striker at the inception of the character. That to have a friend, a man must be one and that all men are created equal and that everyone has within himself the power to make this a better world. That God put the firewood there, but that man must gather. In being prepared physically, mentally, and morally to fight when necessary for what is right and that a man should make the most of what equipment he has. That this government of the people, by the people, and that men should live by the rule of what is best for the greatest number
37.
WLS (AM)
–
WLS is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Chicago, Illinois. WLS is a Class A station broadcasting on the frequency of 890 kHz with 50,000 watts of power using C-QUAM AM Stereo. The stations daytime groundwave service contour covers portions of five states while at night its signal routinely reaches 38 states via skywave. The stations programming is available to listeners in the Chicago metropolitan area with an HD Radio receiver via a simulcast on the HD2 subchannel of sister station WLS-FM. Despite different owners and affiliations,89 WLS, ABC owned-and-operated ABC7 Chicago, WLS has a talk radio format, with its weekday programming consisting of local hosts and nationally syndicated shows such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Red Eye Radio and First Light. Limbaugh is syndicated by Premiere Networks and the rest are from Westwood One, local hosts include Big John Howell and veteran Chicago radio personality Steve Dahl hosts afternoons. Weekends feature programs on money, real estate, auto repair, syndicated weekend shows include Kim Komando, Bob Brinker, John Batchelor, Ric Edelman and Larry Kudlow. WLS carried Notre Dame Fighting Irish football and basketball games through the 2015-16 season, since 2016, WLS has been the flagship station of the Chicago White Sox baseball team and the Chicago Bulls basketball team. In the 1920s, Sears, Roebuck and Company was a retail and mail order company. To get farmers and people in communities to buy radio sets from its catalogs, Sears bought time on radio stations. Just before the permanent station was ready, Sears began broadcasts on March 21,1924 as WBBX with noon programs using the WMAQ studios, Sears broadcast test transmissions from its own permanent studios on April 9,10 and 11,1924, using the call sign WES. On April 12,1924, the station commenced officially, using the call letters WLS, Sears originally operated its station at its Chicago headquarters on Chicagos West Side where the companys mail order business was located. Sears then moved the WLS studios into the Sherman House hotel in downtown Chicago, Sears opened the station in 1924 as a service to farmers and subsequently sold it to the Prairie Farmer magazine in 1928. The station moved to the Prairie Farmer Building on West Washington in Chicago, for a few months after ABCs 1960 purchase of it and the format change, the bright new sound that began in May 1960 was broadcast from the Prairie Farmer Building. WLS didnt make the move to downtown Michigan Avenues Stone Container Building, located at 360 North Michigan Avenue, thirty years later, it would move once more, to its present location at 190 North State in downtown Chicago. It was the scene of the National Barn Dance, which featured Gene Autry, Pat Buttram, and George Gobel, the station also experimented successfully in many forms of news broadcasting, including weather and crop reports. Its most famous news broadcast was the report of the Hindenburg disaster by Herbert Morrison. Morrison and engineer Charles Nehlsen had been sent to New Jersey by WLS to cover the arrival of the Hindenburg for delayed broadcast and their recordings aired the next day on May 7,1937, the first time that recordings of a news event were ever broadcast
38.
Prairie Farmer
–
Prairie Farmer is a weekly newspaper which is part of the Farm Progress company of agricultural and rural newspapers. It was first published in 1841 in Chicago, Illinois by John Stephen Wright and was called The Union Agriculturist and its original masthead proclaimed that it was devoted to western agriculture, mechanics, and education. Upon its formation, Wright proclaimed, Upon you we must rely for the matter that is to make this paper interesting, no editorial skill can make it what the West demands, but if every practical farmer only feels an interest in the cause. What we wish is this -- as soon as anyone obtains valuable agricultural information, in January 1843, the name of the paper was shortened to Prairie Farmer by Wright. Prairie Farmer celebrated its centennial publication in 1941, Prairie Farmer homepage Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections, Prairie Farmer
39.
Don McNeill's Breakfast Club
–
Not to be confused with The Breakfast Club, an urban contemporary morning show that began in 2010. Don McNeills Breakfast Club was a morning variety show on NBC Blue Network/ABC radio originating in Chicago. Hosted by Don McNeill, the program ran from June 23,1933 through December 27,1968. McNeils 35½-year run as host remains the longest tenure for an M. C. In Chicago during the early 1930s, McNeill was assigned to take over an early morning variety show, The Pepper Pot. McNeill re-organized the hour as The Breakfast Club, dividing it into four segments which McNeill labeled the Four Calls to Breakfast, McNeills revamped show premiered in 1933, combining music with informal talk and jokes often based on topical events, initially scripted by McNeill but later ad-libbed. In addition to recurring comedy performers, various groups and soloists, listeners heard sentimental verse, conversations with members of the studio audience. The series eventually gained a sponsor in the Chicago-based meat packer Swift and Company, McNeill is credited as the first performer to make morning talk and variety a viable radio format. The program featured Fran Allison as Aunt Fanny, plus Captain Stubby, every quarter-hour came the Call to Breakfast—a march around the breakfast table. A featured vocalist on the show, under her name of Annette King, was Charlotte Thompson Reid. Eileen Parker became a vocalist with the program in 1953, the Breakfast Club initially was broadcast from the NBC studios in the Merchandise Mart. In 1948, after 4,500 broadcasts from the Merchandise Mart and it remained a fixture on the ABC radio network, maintaining its popularity for years and counting among its fans Supreme Court Associate Justice William O. Douglas. After ABC Radio was split into four networks in 1968, The Breakfast Club was moved to the new American Entertainment network, and was known for its last months on the air as The Don McNeill Show. Beginning on September 5,1950, the show aired as TV Club on ABC in the 1950-51 prime time season in a 60-minute version, from September to December 1951, the show returned to ABC in a 30-minute version, Wednesdays from 9pm to 9, 30pm ET. Beginning on February 22,1954 and ending on February 25,1955, Don McNeills Breakfast Club was simulcast in its morning slot on ABC Radio. However, it failed to make a transition to television in either version. On May 12,1948, the program was shown on the DuMont television station WABD in New York, simulcast with the ABC radio show, as an experiment. At least two kinescope recordings survive of these telecasts, including a February 17,1954 test kinescope, from 1933 to 1968, the Chicago-based Breakfast Club aired every weekday on the ABC radio network
40.
Don McNeill (radio presenter)
–
Don McNeill was an American radio personality, best known as the creator and host of The Breakfast Club, which ran for more than 35 years. McNeill was born in Galena, Illinois, son of Harry T. McNeill, the family soon moved to Wisconsin, where McNeill graduated from Marquette University in Milwaukee. He was a first cousin of United States Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, McNeill moved on to Kentucky, working for the Louisville Courier-Journals station, WHAS. This was followed by working in San Francisco as an act with singer Van Fleming. Following a failed move to New York City, McNeill returned to Illinois in 1933. McNeill applied for a job at NBC and was sent to Chicago to audition and he was assigned to host an unsponsored early morning variety show called The Pepper Pot, which had an 8 AM time slot on the NBC Blue Network. McNeill re-organized the hour show as The Breakfast Club, dividing it into four segments he called the four calls to breakfast, the show premiered on June 23,1933, with informal talk and jokes based on topical events, and often included audience interviews. In its final form, the featured piano music and vocal groups and soloists. McNeil gained a sponsor, Swift and Company, McNeill is credited as the first performer to make morning talk and variety a viable format in radio. Archie Bleyer, who led the band for Arthur Godfreys daily Arthur Godfrey Time CBS radio show had founded Cadence Records in 1953 and that year, Bleyer traveled to Chicago to record some patriotic spoken word recordings by McNeill. Though Breakfast Club ratings were below Godfreys, the host took umbrage that Bleyer had taken time off from his show to record McNeill, in October,1953 at roughly the same time Godfrey fired singer Julius LaRosa on the air, Godfrey privately dismissed Bleyer for recording McNeill. McNeill attempted to transfer the show to television as Don McNeills TV Club, the Breakfast Club was simulcast on television in 1954-1955. McNeill appeared occasionally on game shows, and in 1963 hosted a game show Take Two. McNeills radio series ended in 1968, when McNeill retired from entertainment. Don McNeills Breakfast Club was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1989, mcNeil died seven years later in 1996. Highlights from The 1953 Breakfast Club Year Book Donald T. McNeill Collection Don McNeill, Breakfast Club Host, Dies at 88
United States![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
