1.
Dalton State College
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Dalton State College, also referred to as DSC or Dalton State, is one of 31 colleges and universities in the University System of Georgia. Dalton State is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, the college is located in Dalton, Georgia, United States. The addition of a division in 1976 enabled the school to serve students wishing to develop work skills at the certificate or associate degree level. In 1987, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia removed the word Junior from the colleges name, the University System changed the name to Dalton State College in 1998 and upgraded it to a four-year status. Dalton State began offering its first bachelors programs that year, all in business, in 2009, Dalton State opened an extended campus in Ellijay called the Dalton State Gilmer County Center and had over 200 students enrolled for the spring semester. Dalton State also opened its first on-campus residential housing, Dalton State at Wood Valley, the college also offers 22 associate degree and several certificate programs. Dalton State College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges, the Early Childhood Education program is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. The Social Work program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education, the Business Administration programs received initial accreditation by Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business in January 2010. The Dalton State College main campus consists of 146 acres on I-75 in Whitfield County, an additional campus exists in Ellijay, Georgia, southeast of the main campus. The almost 5,000 traditional and non-traditional students are from a 10-county service area of Northwest Georgia in addition to 38 foreign countries, the average student age is 24, females make up 62 percent of the student population. On-campus housing has been offered since fall 2009, the Dalton State mascot is the roadrunner. When the college became a four year college, all commuted to school due to the fact that Dalton State did not offer on campus housing. This led to the nickname of the Roadrunner and this also explains the story behind the schools mascot, Rage and their expression, Beep Beep. The Dalton State Athletics program began in 2012 and is part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics and it consists of golf, cross country, tennis, soccer, competitive cheerleading, mens basketball and womens volleyball. The mens basketball won the NAIA National Championship in 2015. Its stated goal is to strengthen the missions of both the Office of Student Life and Dalton State College by providing a variety of social, recreational, cultural and educational programs. Through the expertise of a student executive board, CAB works to ensure leadership development, networking with the college community, building campus traditions. Alpha Kappa Lambda became the first mens fraternity on campus when it received its charter on April 7,2014, delta Chi began colonizing on campus in Fall 2015, becoming the second IFC fraternity on campus
2.
Digital camera
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A digital camera or digicam is a camera that produces digital images that can be stored in a computer, displayed on a screen and printed. Most cameras sold today are digital, and digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs, Digital and movie cameras share an optical system, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film, however, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can display images on a screen immediately after being recorded, and store and delete images from memory. Many digital cameras can also record moving videos with sound, some digital cameras can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary image editing. The history of the camera began with Eugene F. Lally of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His 1961 idea was to take pictures of the planets and stars while travelling through space to give information about the astronauts position, unfortunately, as with Texas Instruments employee Willis Adcocks filmless camera in 1972, the technology had yet to catch up with the concept. Steven Sasson as an engineer at Eastman Kodak invented and built the first electronic camera using a charge-coupled device image sensor in 1975, earlier ones used a camera tube, later ones digitized the signal. Early uses were military and scientific, followed by medical. In the mid to late 1990s digital cameras became common among consumers, by the mid-2000s digital cameras had largely replaced film cameras, and higher-end cell phones had an integrated digital camera. By the beginning of the 2010s, almost all smartphones had a digital camera. The two major types of image sensor are CCD and CMOS. A CCD sensor has one amplifier for all the pixels, while each pixel in a CMOS active-pixel sensor has its own amplifier, compared to CCDs, CMOS sensors use less power. Cameras with a small sensor use a back-side-illuminated CMOS sensor, overall final image quality is more dependent on the image processing capability of the camera, than on sensor type. The resolution of a camera is often limited by the image sensor that turns light into that discrete signals. The brighter the image at a point on the sensor. Depending on the structure of the sensor, a color filter array may be used. The number of pixels in the sensor determines the cameras pixel count, in a typical sensor, the pixel count is the product of the number of rows and the number of columns. For example, a 1,000 by 1,000 pixel sensor would have 1,000,000 pixels, final quality of an image depends on all optical transformations in the chain of producing the image
3.
DisplayPort
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DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association. The interface is used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, though it can also be used to carry audio, USB. VESA designed it to replace VGA, DVI, and FPD-Link, DisplayPort is backwards compatible with VGA, DVI and HDMI through the use of passive and active adapters. DisplayPort is the first display interface to rely on packetized data transmission, a form of communication found in technologies including Ethernet, USB. The use of data packets also allows DisplayPort to be extensible, DisplayPort can be used to transmit audio and video simultaneously, but each one is optional and can be transmitted without the other. A bi-directional, half-duplex auxiliary channel carries device management and device control data for the Main Link, such as VESA EDID, MCCS, in addition, the interface is capable of carrying bi-directional USB signals. The DisplayPort LVDS signal protocol is not compatible with DVI or HDMI, analog VGA and dual-link DVI require powered active adapters to convert the protocol and signal levels and do not rely on dual mode. VGA adapters are powered by the DisplayPort connector, while dual-link DVI adapters may rely on a power source. The first version,1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006, version 1. 1a was ratified on 2 April 2007. DisplayPort 1.0 allows a maximum of 8.64 Gbit/s data rate over a 2-meter cable and it also includes HDCP in addition to DisplayPort Content Protection. The DisplayPort 1. 1a specification can be downloaded for free from the VESA website, DisplayPort version 1.2 was approved on 22 December 2009. Also Apple Inc. s Mini DisplayPort connector, which is smaller and designed for laptop computers. DisplayPort version 1. 2a may optionally include VESAs Adaptive Sync, aMDs FreeSync utilizes the DisplayPort Adaptive-Sync feature for operation. 2a. As it is a feature, support for Adaptive-Sync is not required for a display to be DisplayPort 1. 2a-compliant. DisplayPort version 1.3 was approved on 15 September 2014 and this bandwidth is enough for a 4K UHD display at 120 Hz, a 5K display at 60 Hz, or an 8K UHD display at 30 Hz, with 24-bit RGB color. Using Multi-Stream Transport, it can support two 4K UHD displays at 60 Hz, or up to four WQXGA displays at 60 Hz in 24-bit RGB mode. The new standard includes mandatory Dual-mode support for DVI and HDMI adapters, with support for the HDMI2.0 standard and HDCP2.2 content protection. The Thunderbolt 3 connection standard was originally to support for DisplayPort 1.3
4.
Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
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The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent to the Navy Cross, the Air Force Cross, and the Coast Guard Cross. The Distinguished Service Cross was first awarded during World War I, in addition, a number of awards were made for actions before World War I. Others were belated recognition of actions in the Philippines, on the Mexican Border, the Distinguished Service Cross is only awarded for actions in combat, while the Distinguished Service Medal has no such restriction. A cross of bronze,2 inches in height and 1 13⁄16 inches in width with an eagle on the center, on the reverse side, the center of the cross is circled by a wreath with a space for engraving the name of the recipient. The act or acts of heroism must have been so notable and have involved risk of life so extraordinary as to set the individual apart from his or her comrades, the following are authorized components of the Distinguished Service Cross, Decoration, MIL-D-3943/4. NSN 8455-00-246-3827 for individual replacement medal, additional awards of the Armys Distinguished Service Cross are denoted with oak leaf clusters. The Distinguished Service Cross was established by President Woodrow Wilson on January 2,1918, the request for establishment of the medal was forwarded from the Secretary of War to the President in a letter dated December 28,1917. The Act of Congress establishing this award, dated July 9,1918, is contained in 10 U. S. C, the establishment of the Distinguished Service Cross was promulgated in War Department General Order No. The Distinguished Service Cross was originally designed by J. Andre Smith, the Distinguished Service Cross was first cast and manufactured by the United States Mint at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The die was cast from the design prepared by Captain Aymar E. Embury II. Upon examination of the first medals struck at the Mint, it was considered advisable to make minor changes to add to the beauty. Due to the importance of the element involved in furnishing the decorations to General Pershing. These medals were furnished with the provision that these crosses be replaced when the supply of the design was accomplished. 10 U. S. C. §3991 provides for a 10% increase in retired pay for enlisted personnel who have retired more than 20 years of service if they have been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Order of precedence and wear of decorations is contained in Army Regulation 670-1, Policy for awards, approving authority, supply, and issue of decorations is contained in AR 600-8-22. During World War I,6,309 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were made to 6,185 recipients, several dozen Army soldiers, as well as eight Marines and two French Army officers, received two Distinguished Service Crosses. A handful, mostly aviators, were decorated three or more times, fellow aviators Douglas Campbell, also of the 94th, and Frank ODriscoll Monk Hunter of the 103rd Aero Squadron each received five. Another 94th aviator, Reed McKinley Chambers, was awarded four Distinguished Service Crosses, Edward Peck Curtis, also of the 95th Aero Squadron received the Distinguished Service Cross as a First Lieutenant
5.
Debian
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The Debian Project was first announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, Debian 0.01 was released on September 15,1993, and the first stable release was made in 1996. The Debian stable release branch is one of the most popular for personal computers and network servers, new distributions are updated continually, and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze. As one of the earliest Operating Systems based on the Linux kernel and this decision drew the attention and support of the Free Software Foundation, which sponsored the project for one year from November 1994 to November 1995. Upon the ending of the sponsorship, the Debian Project formed the non-profit organisation Software in the Public Interest, while Debians main port, Debian GNU/Linux, uses the Linux kernel, other ports exist based on BSD kernels and the HURD microkernel. All use the GNU userland and the GNU C library, Debian has access to online repositories that contain over 50,000 software packages making it one of the largest software compilations. Debian officially contains only free software, but non-free software can be downloaded from the Debian repositories, Debian includes popular free programs such as LibreOffice, Firefox web browser, Evolution mail, K3b disc burner, VLC media player, GIMP image editor, and Evince document viewer. Debian is a choice for web servers. Debian supports Linux officially, offered kFreeBSD for version 7 but not 8, GNU/kFreeBSD was released as a technology preview for IA-32 and x86-64 architectures, and lacked the amount of software available in Debians Linux distribution. Official support for kFreeBSD was removed for version 8, which did not provide a kFreeBSD-based distribution, several flavors of the Linux kernel exist for each port. For example, the port has flavors for IA-32 PCs supporting Physical Address Extension and real-time computing, for older PCs. The Linux kernel does not officially contain firmware without sources, although such firmware is available in non-free packages, Debian offers DVD and CD images for installation that can be downloaded using BitTorrent or jigdo. Physical disks can also be bought from retailers, Debian offers different network installation methods. A minimal install of Debian is available via the netinst CD, whereby Debian is installed with just a base, another option is to boot the installer from the network. Installation images are hybrid on some architectures and can be used to create a bootable USB drive, the default bootstrap loader is GNU GRUB version 2, though the package name is simply grub, while version 1 was renamed to grub-legacy. This conflicts with e. g. Fedora, where grub version 2 is named grub2, the default desktop may be chosen from the DVD boot menu among GNOME, KDE Software Compilation, Xfce and LXDE, and from special disc 1 CDs. Debian offers CD images specifically built for GNOME, KDE Software Compilation, Xfce, MATE is officially supported, while Cinnamon support was added with Debian 8.0 Jessie. Less common window managers such as Enlightenment, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Window Maker, the default desktop environment of version 7.0 Wheezy was temporarily switched to Xfce, because GNOME3 did not fit on the first CD of the set. The default for the version 8.0 Jessie was changed again to Xfce in November 2013, Debian releases live install images for CDs, DVDs and USB thumb drives, for IA-32 and x86-64 architectures, and with a choice of desktop environments
6.
Dixie State University
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Dixie State University is a public comprehensive university located in St. George, Utah. The university offers 48 bachelors degrees,19 associates degrees,36 minors, as of Fall 2016, there are 8,993 students enrolled at DSU, and the university has a 100% acceptance rate. The student body is 53% female and 47% male, and DSU is in the top three for diversity in the state of Utah, with 22. 3% of the student body being minority students. The institution began as St. George Stake Academy, founded in 1911 by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, later it became a state school of the Utah System of Higher Education. In February 2013, the former Dixie State College, as it had known since 2000. DSUs 15 athletic teams compete in Division II of the NCAA and are known as the Dixie State Trailblazers. The institution was founded by the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on September 19,1911, as St. George Stake Academy. In 1916, the academy, located in a region called Utahs Dixie by Brigham Young and local settlers, became Dixie Normal College, and then, in 1923, another concern was that the county did not have the funds to build a new high school. Between 1935 and 1963 there were close calls when various state leaders proposed closing the college and these local citizens, particularly the Dixie Education Association, raised the funds to purchase four blocks of land on 700 East and 100 South for a new campus. They presented that land to the state which, in turn, in 1957 the gymnasium was finished and by 1963 four other buildings were ready for college students with the high school students remaining on the downtown campus. On September 7,2007, Dixie State College Board of Trustees members announced that Dixie State College of Utah would petition the University of Utah to become the University of Utah–St. The proposal was approved by the Dixie State College Board of Trustees on October 7,2007, and by the University of Utah Board of Trustees on October 14,2007, however, this did not come to fruition. In 2011, a bill was drafted for the review of the Utah State Legislature, in 2013, the Utah Legislature changed the status of the institution from a college to a university and named it Dixie State University. Governor Gary Herbert signed the bill into law in a ceremony on campus, also in 2013 the Board of Trustees approved a student driven proposed campus-wide tobacco ban. The ban prohibits all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes, the ban went into effect on January 1,2014. The primary campus of Dixie State University is located in St. George, Utah, with the Hurricane Education Center campus extension located in Hurricane, the University offers over 150 academic programs. Dixie State Universitys Student Association is a federated student administrative body overseeing the functions, funding, Executive and legislative power is primarily vested in an elected Executive Council, the Presidents Cabinet, and the Student Senate. Student clubs interact with the DSUSA governing bodies primarily through non-elected Club Representatives, all Executive Council members and most Managers receive some sort of financial aid in return for their work
7.
Deep Springs College
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Deep Springs College is a liberal arts college in Deep Springs, California, United States. A two-year college, the institution currently aims for a student body size of 26, after completing two years at Deep Springs, students may elect to receive an associates degree, though this seldom happens in practice. Most continue their studies at universities, out of which two-thirds go on to earn a graduate degree. The official name of the institution is Deep Springs College and it was founded under the name Deep Springs, Collegiate and Preparatory. From its inception in 1917, the college has been all-male, Deep Springs is founded on three principles, commonly called the three pillars, academics, labor, and self-government. In addition to studies, students work a minimum of 20 hours a week either on the ranch and farm attached to the college or in related to the college. Position titles have historically included cook, irrigator, butcher, groundskeeper, cowboy, office cowboy, dairy, Deep Springs maintains a cattle herd and an alfalfa hay farming operation. Deep Springs Ranchs brand is an inverted capital T, known according to traditional branding terminology as the Swinging T, students pay only for incidental expenses such as textbooks. Tuition, room and board are not charged, a point noted as critical by the founder, L. L. Nunn. The lack of tuition is often referred to as a full scholarship, according to Nunn, the labor program was not intended as a substitute or exchange for the scholarship or tuition, but rather as a fundamental part of the educational experience. Self-governance is a part of the Deep Springs educational program. Students hold decision-making authority in determinations about admissions, curriculum, every student serves on one of four standing committees during his time as a student, Applications, Curriculum, Communications or Review and Reinvitations. The Communications Committee was created in the early 1990s and charged with shaping the policies that define the relations with the world at large. The college also supports three administrators, eight or nine professors, and a staff of five, three long-term professorships can be held for up to six years, and four short-term slots are filled for one or two terms of seven or fourteen weeks each. Deep Springs was founded in 1917 by L. L. Nunn, Nunns first installation, a hydroelectric plant, was built in Telluride, Colorado, and has recently been restored. The plants required well-trained engineers capable of living under rough conditions, after failing to find suitable men from eastern schools willing to travel west, Nunn began schooling local men and found his passion for education. He eventually sold his assets and put the money into two educational institutions. Nunn first founded the Telluride Association, an educational trust based at Cornell University, seeing his vision there undermined by its setting, he founded Deep Springs in 1917 and helped run it until his death in 1925
8.
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
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Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications, usually known by the acronym DECT, is a standard primarily used for creating cordless telephone systems. It originated in Europe, where it is the standard, replacing earlier cordless phone standards, such as 900 MHz CT1. Beyond Europe, it has been adopted by Australia, and most countries in Asia, North American adoption was delayed by United States radio frequency regulations. This forced development of a variation of DECT, called DECT6.0, the technology is nearly identical, but the frequency difference makes the technology incompatible with systems in other areas, even from the same manufacturer. DECT has almost universally replaced other standards in most countries where it is used, DECT was originally intended for fast roaming between networked base stations and the first DECT product was Net3 wireless LAN. DECT can also be used for other than cordless phones, such as baby monitors. DECT ULE is a variant tailored for home security and automation, the DECT standard includes a common interoperability profile for simple telephone capabilities, called GAP, which most manufacturers implement. GAP-conformance enables DECT handsets and bases from different manufacturers to interoperate at the most basic level of functionality, New Generation DECT standard, marketed as CAT-iq by the DECT Forum, provides a common set of advanced capabilities for handsets and base stations. CAT-iq allows interchangeability across base stations and handsets from different manufacturers and it also requires mandatory support for wideband audio. The DECT standard was developed by ETSI in several phases, the first of that took place between 1988 and 1992 when the first round of standards were published. These were the ETS 300-175 series in 9 parts defining the air interface, a technical report, ETR-178, was also published to explain the standard. Subsequent standards were developed and published by ETSI to cover interoperability profiles, in 1995, due to its more global usage, the name was changed from European to Enhanced. DECT is recognized by the ITU as fulfilling the IMT-2000 requirements, within the IMT-2000 group of technologies, DECT is referred to as IMT-2000 Frequency Time. DECT was developed by ETSI but has since adopted by many countries all over the World. The original DECT frequency band is used in all countries in Europe, outside Europe, it is used in most of Asia, Australia and South America. S. New Generation DECT standard was first published in 2007, it was developed by ETSI with guidance from the Home Gateway Initiative through the DECT Forum, the ETSI TS102527 series come in 5 parts and cover wideband audio and mandatory interoperability features. DECT Ultra Low Energy standard was announced in January 2011 and the first commercial products were launched later that year by Dialog Semiconductor, the standard has been created to enable home automation, security, healthcare and energy monitoring applications that are battery powered. Like DECT, DECT ULE standard uses the 1.9 GHz band, and so suffers less interference than Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, from microwave ovens, which all operate in the ISM unlicensed 2.4 GHz band
9.
Digital selective calling
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Digital selective calling or DSC is a standard for sending pre-defined digital messages via the medium-frequency, high-frequency and very-high-frequency maritime radio systems. It is a part of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System. DSC was developed to replace a call in older procedures and this allows a distress signal to be sent very quickly. Often, ships use separate VHF DSC and MF/HF DSC controllers, for VHF, DSC has its own dedicated receiver for monitoring Channel 70, but uses the main VHF transceiver for transmission. However, for the user, the controller is often a single unit, MF/HF DSC devices monitor multiple distress, urgency and sécurité bands in the 2,4,6,8,12 and 16 MHz bands. At minimum, controllers will monitor 2187.5 kHz and 8414.5 kHz, when sending a distress signal, the DSC device will at minimum include the ships MMSI number. It will also include the coordinates if available and, if necessary, the distress can be sent either as a single-frequency or multi-frequency attempt. In the former, a signal is sent on one band. If none is received, it will repeat the distress alert up to five times, in a multi-frequency attempt, the distress signal is sent on the MF and all the HF distress frequencies in turn. Distress calls can be both non designated and designated, the latter allows one of ten pre-defined designations to be sent along with the distress signal. These are abandoning ship, fire or explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing, sinking, disabled and adrift, piracy or attack and man overboard. To avoid false distress alerts, distress buttons normally have protective covers, alternatively, some devices have two-button systems. Operators are required to cancel falsely sent distress alerts with a transmission on the channel designated by the distress signal, a coast station which receives a DSC distress alert will immediately send an acknowledgment. The sending device will then both stop repeating the alert, and tune to the channel for the distress message to be sent. Ships receiving a distress alert who are outside coast station range or do not receive an acknowledgment, are required to relay the alert by any means to land. Class A devices, used on ships, have the ability to send distress, distress relay, all ships urgency, all ships safety, individual, group, geographic area. Class D devices, used for most leisure vessels, can send distress, all ships urgency, all ships safety, the DSC is a synchronous system using characters composed from a ten-bit error detecting code. The bits are encoded using frequency shift keying, for High Frequency and Medium Frequency two tones 170 Hz apart either side of the allocated frequency with 100 Baud symbol rate are used
10.
Dye-sensitized solar cell
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A dye-sensitized solar cell is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. It is based on a semiconductor formed between an anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system. Michael Grätzel has been awarded the 2010 Millennium Technology Prize for this invention, when placed in contact, some of the electrons in the n-type portion flow into the p-type to fill in the missing electrons, also known as electron holes. Eventually enough electrons will flow across the boundary to equalize the Fermi levels of the two materials, the result is a region at the interface, the p-n junction, where charge carriers are depleted and/or accumulated on each side of the interface. In silicon, this transfer of electrons produces a potential barrier of about 0.6 to 0.7 V, when placed in the sun, photons of the sunlight can excite electrons on the p-type side of the semiconductor, a process known as photoexcitation. In silicon, sunlight can provide energy to push an electron out of the lower-energy valence band into the higher-energy conduction band. As the name implies, electrons in the band are free to move about the silicon. In this way, sunlight creates an electric current, in any semiconductor, the band gap means that only photons with that amount of energy, or more, will contribute to producing a current. In the case of silicon, the majority of light from red to violet has sufficient energy to make this happen. Another issue is that in order to have a chance of capturing a photon. This also increases the chance that a freshly ejected electron will meet up with a previously created hole in the material before reaching the p-n junction. These effects produce an upper limit on the efficiency of solar cells, currently around 12 to 15% for common modules. Another line of research has been to improve efficiency through the multi-junction approach, although these cells are very high cost. In general terms the types of cells suitable for deployment have not changed significantly in efficiency. In the late 1960s it was discovered that illuminated organic dyes can generate electricity at oxide electrodes in electrochemical cells, in an effort to understand and simulate the primary processes in photosynthesis the phenomenon was studied at the University of California at Berkeley with chlorophyll extracted from spinach. On the basis of such experiments electric power generation via the dye solar cell principle was demonstrated and discussed in 1972. The instability of the dye solar cell was identified as a main challenge and its efficiency could, during the following two decades, be improved by optimizing the porosity of the electrode prepared from fine oxide powder, but the instability remained a problem. A modern DSSC is composed of a layer of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, covered with a molecular dye that absorbs sunlight
11.
Differential scanning calorimetry
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Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. The technique was developed by E. S. Watson and M. J. ONeill in 1962, and introduced commercially at the 1963 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy. The first adiabatic differential scanning calorimeter that could be used in biochemistry was developed by P. L. Privalov and D. R. Monaselidze in 1964 at Institute of Physics in Tbilisi, Georgia. The term DSC was coined to describe this instrument, which measures energy directly, whether less or more heat must flow to the sample depends on whether the process is exothermic or endothermic. For example, as a solid sample melts to a liquid and this is due to the absorption of heat by the sample as it undergoes the endothermic phase transition from solid to liquid. Likewise, as the sample undergoes exothermic processes less heat is required to raise the sample temperature, by observing the difference in heat flow between the sample and reference, differential scanning calorimeters are able to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during such transitions. DSC may also be used to more subtle physical changes. It is widely used in settings as a quality control instrument due to its applicability in evaluating sample purity. An alternative technique, which shares much in common with DSC, is differential thermal analysis, in this technique it is the heat flow to the sample and reference that remains the same rather than the temperature. When the sample and reference are heated identically, phase changes, both DSC and DTA provide similar information. The result of a DSC experiment is a curve of heat flux versus temperature or versus time, there are two different conventions, exothermic reactions in the sample shown with a positive or negative peak, depending on the kind of technology used in the experiment. This curve can be used to calculate enthalpies of transitions and this is done by integrating the peak corresponding to a given transition. The calorimetric constant will vary from instrument to instrument, and can be determined by analyzing a sample with known enthalpies of transition. Differential scanning calorimetry can be used to measure a number of properties of a sample. Using this technique it is possible to observe fusion and crystallization events as well as glass transition temperatures Tg, DSC can also be used to study oxidation, as well as other chemical reactions. Glass transitions may occur as the temperature of a solid is increased
12.
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
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U. S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was a United States-based professional road bicycle racing team. As part of the deal, Lance Armstrong, the teams undisputed leader. The team was directed by Belgian Johan Bruyneel, who also managed U. S. Postal, the chief mechanic was Julien DeVries. The team was co-owned by Tailwind Sports Corp. of San Francisco and Capital Sports & Entertainment of Austin, on February 10,2007, Discovery Channel announced that it would not renew its sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2007 season. On August 10,2007 the cycling team announced that it would not search for a new sponsor, in October 2012 USADA released a report saying that the team had run the most sophisticated, professionalised and successful doping programme the sport has ever seen. They also implicated seven-time Tour winner Armstrong, on October 22,2012 the UCI upheld the USADAs recommendation to strip Armstrong of all results since August 1,1998, and ban him from cycling for life. On August 10,2007, Tailwind Sports announced the end of the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team, Tailwind officials stopped their search for a new title sponsor for the Discovery team, citing the current tumultuous conditions within the sport of cycling. Team operations continued until the end of the 2007 season, after the 2007 season Johan Bruyneel went to rebuild Team Astana for the 2008 season. He brought with him much of Discoverys personnel, such as riders Alberto Contador, Levi Leipheimer, Yaroslav Popovych, Tomas Vaitkus, and coach Sean Yates. The 2007 U. S. national road champion George Hincapie signed a contract for the 2008 season Team High Road, later known as Team HTC-Columbia, ages are from August 10,2007. The US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team and later named the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004, the United States Postal Service was the title sponsor from 1996 through 2004 and the team was nicknamed the Blue Train. Berry Floor, a Belgian flooring company, was the secondary sponsor, domestically the USPS Pro Cycling Team was presented by Alloc, the American subsidiary of Berry Floor. Lance Armstrong won six Tours de France with US Postal, Armstrong went on to win a seventh Tour de France in 2005, after the USPS contract and sponsorship ended. The US Postal Service announced that it would cease sponsorship at the end of the 2004 racing season when its contract expired. It had previously been under fire for the expenditure from organizations such as Postal Watch, legitimate problems of mismanagement and sloppy accounting were pointed out by the Postal Service itself, via the USPS Office of the Inspector General. Before the expiration of the USPS contract, Armstrong insisted that he would continue to ride with the USPS team structure. This demand was met on June 15,2004 when Discovery Networks stepped in, with the help of Thomas Weisel and Eddie Borysewicz, the United States Postal Service begins its reign as title sponsor to what has become the most successful cycling team from the United States. Borysewicz served as the directeur sportif and the team raced mainly in domestic events in the United States
