1.
Mutant Pop Records
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Mutant Pop Records was an independent record label founded in Corvallis, Oregon in 1995 by Tim Timbo Davenport, also known by the punk name T. Chandler. The label released approximately 15 full-length albums in compact disc format, the label also re-released several pop-punk-related albums and EPs from other labels that had gone out of print. After ceasing the release of new material in 2002, the made a brief comeback attempt in 2008 before terminating operations at the end of that year. Mutant Pop Records was a single operation, a so-called bedroom label. The label had an estimated 100 releases including vinyl EPs, full-length CDs, Mutant Pop was perhaps the first label to experiment with the CD-R format, printing on demand, as a commercial option. It spawned several imitations as ‘labels in Japan have parodied his influential CDR short run series, by using design elements on the CDR sleeves. Mutant Pop began with a focus on the geeky, sloppy pop punk of The Automatics, followed by the somewhat more complex Connie Dungs. The label also operated its own distribution, known as 1000 Flowers. The distribution began as the arm of Mutant Pop in 1995. In 1997 it moved to a mail order service and began selling non-Mutant Pop titles. The label went on hiatus in 2001, only releasing a single release before making a comeback during the first half of 2002. Thereafter the label went to sleep until 2008, when a return to 7 vinyl was made, the economics of the format proved to be untenable, however, and the label was silently terminated at the end of that year. Rev. Nørb, The Annotated Boris, Deconstructing the Lyrical Majesty of Boris the Sprinkler, Mutant Pop Records official web site. Interview with T. Chandler, The Punkhouse, December 1998
2.
J-card
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A j-card is the paper card inserted in the plastic storage case of most pre-recorded audio cassette releases, as well as cassettes of bootleg or copied concerts of the jam band scene. The j-card usually contains an image of the cover, a track listing, credits. The j-card gets its name from being folded into the shape of the letter J to fit inside the cassettes case, today, custom made CD-R covers are often called J-cards. J-card-style covers were used in CD covers in the 1990s for single cases and are used today. Obi Compact audio cassette The Legendary Web J-Card Polygizmo
3.
Compact Cassette
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The Compact Cassette or Musicassette, also commonly called cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback. It was released by Philips in 1962, having developed in Hasselt. Compact cassettes come in two forms, either already containing content as a cassette, or as a fully recordable blank cassette. Its uses ranged from portable audio to home recording to data storage for early microcomputers, the first cassette player designed for use in car dashes was introduced in 1968. Between the early 1970s and the early 2000s, the cassette was one of the two most common formats for prerecorded music, first alongside the LP record and later the compact disc. Compact Cassettes contain two miniature spools, between which a magnetically coated, polyester-type plastic film is passed and wound and these spools and their attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell. This reversal is achieved either by flipping the cassette, or by having the machine itself change the direction of tape movement. In 1935, decades before the introduction of the Compact Cassette, AEG released the first reel-to-reel tape recorder and it was based on the invention of the magnetic tape by Fritz Pfleumer, which used similar technology but with open reels. These instruments were expensive and relatively difficult to use and were therefore used mostly by professionals in radio stations. In 1958, following four years of development, RCA Victor introduced the stereo, quarter-inch, reversible, however, it was a large cassette, and offered few pre-recorded tapes. Despite the multiple versions, it failed, consumer use of tape only took off in the early 1960s, after playback machines reached a comfortable, user-friendly design. This was achieved primarily by the introduction of transistors which replaced the bulky, fragile, reel-to-reel tape then became more suitable to household use, but still remained an esoteric product. The team at Philips was led by Lou Ottens in Hasselt, Philips was competing with Telefunken and Grundig in a race to establish its cassette tape as the worldwide standard, and it wanted support from Japanese electronics manufacturers. However, the Philips Compact Cassette became dominant as a result of Philips decision to license the format free of charge, Philips also released the Norelco Carry-Corder 150 recorder/player in the US in November 1964. By 1966 over 250,000 recorders had been sold in the US alone, by 1968,85 manufacturers had sold over 2.4 million players. By the end of the 1960s, the business was worth an estimated 150 million dollars. In the early years sound quality was mediocre, but it improved dramatically by the early 1970s when it caught up with the quality of 8-track tape, the Compact Cassette went on to become a popular alternative to the 12-inch vinyl LP during the late 1970s. The mass production of blank Compact Cassettes began in 1964 in Hanover, prerecorded music cassettes were launched in Europe in late 1965
4.
Compact disc
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Compact disc is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data. The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan, standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres, they are used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. At the time of the introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much space as a thousand CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs, by 2007,200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. American inventor James T. Russell has been credited with inventing the first system to record information on an optical transparent foil that is lit from behind by a high-power halogen lamp. Russells patent application was first filed in 1966, and he was granted a patent in 1970, following litigation, Sony and Philips licensed Russells patents in the 1980s. The compact disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s, although originally dismissed by Philips Research management as a trivial pursuit, the CD became the primary focus for Philips as the LaserDisc format struggled. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980, after their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984, by 1988 CD sales in the United States surpassed those of vinyl LPs, and by 1992 CD sales surpassed those of prerecorded music cassette tapes. The success of the disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company. In 1974, L. However, due to the performance of the analog format
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Copyright
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Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time, the exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the expression of ideas. Copyright is a form of property, applicable to certain forms of creative work. Some, but not all jurisdictions require fixing copyrighted works in a tangible form and it is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, copyrights are considered territorial rights, which means that they do not extend beyond the territory of a specific jurisdiction. While many aspects of copyright laws have been standardized through international copyright agreements. Typically, the duration of a copyright spans the authors life plus 50 to 100 years, some countries require certain copyright formalities to establishing copyright, but most recognize copyright in any completed work, without formal registration. Generally, copyright is enforced as a matter, though some jurisdictions do apply criminal sanctions. Most jurisdictions recognize copyright limitations, allowing fair exceptions to the exclusivity of copyright. Copyright came about with the invention of the press and with wider literacy. As a legal concept, its origins in Britain were from a reaction to printers monopolies at the beginning of the 18th century, Copyright laws allow products of creative human activities, such as literary and artistic production, to be preferentially exploited and thus incentivized. Different cultural attitudes, social organizations, economic models and legal frameworks are seen to account for why copyright emerged in Europe and not, for example, however, with copyright laws, intellectual production comes to be seen as a product of an individual, with attendant rights. The most significant point is that patent and copyright laws support the expansion of the range of human activities that can be commodified. This parallels the ways in which led to the commodification of many aspects of social life that earlier had no monetary or economic value per se. Often seen as the first real copyright law, the 1709 British Statute of Anne gave the rights for a fixed period. The act also alluded to individual rights of the artist and it began, Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing. Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of the Authors. to their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them and their Families
8.
Cassette deck
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A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio compact cassettes. Although the two terms used interchangeably, a recorder is typically thought of as a low-fidelity portable device. The first consumer tape recorder to employ a tape reel permanently housed in a removable cartridge was the RCA tape cartridge. The tape width was 1⁄8 inch and tape speed was 1.875 inches per second, giving a decidedly non Hi-Fi frequency response, early recorders were intended for dictation and journalists, and were typically hand-held battery-powered devices with built-in microphones and automatic gain control on recording. Tape recorder audio-quality had improved by the mid-1970s, and a deck with manual level controls. Cassettes became extremely popular for automotive and other portable music applications, although pre-recorded cassettes were widely available, many users would combine songs from their vinyl records or cassettes to make a new custom mixtape cassette. In 1970, the Advent Corporation combined Dolby B noise reduction system with chromium dioxide tape to create the Advent Model 200, Dolby B uses volume companding of high frequencies to boost low-level treble information by up to 9 dB, reducing them on playback. CrO2 used different bias and equalization settings to reduce the noise level. Together these allowed a flat frequency response beyond 15 kHz for the first time. Both featured an unusual single VU meter which could be switched between or for both channels, most manufacturers adopted a standard top-loading format with piano key controls, dual VU meters, and slider level controls. Mechanical controls were replaced with push buttons controlling solenoid mechanical actuators. Some models could search and count gaps between songs, Cassette decks soon came into widespread use and were designed variously for professional applications, home audio systems, and for mobile use in cars, as well as portable recorders. From the mid-1970s to the late 1990s the cassette deck was the music source for the automobile. A major boost to the cassettes popularity came with the release of the Sony Walkman personal cassette player in 1979, although the vast majority of such players eventually sold were not Sony products, the name Walkman has become synonymous with this type of device. Cassette decks were eventually manufactured by almost every well known brand in home audio, Cassette decks reached their pinnacle of performance and complexity by the mid-1980s. Cassette decks from companies such as Nakamichi, Revox, and Tandberg incorporated advanced features such as multiple tape heads, auto-reversing decks became popular and were standard on most factory installed automobile decks. Three-head technology uses separate heads for recording and playback and this allows different record and playback head gaps to be used. A narrower head gap is optimal for playback than for recording, separate record and playback heads also allow off-the-tape monitoring during recording, permitting immediate verification of the recording quality
9.
Multitrack recording
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Multitracking became possible in the mid-1950s when the idea of simultaneously recording different audio channels to separate discrete tracks on the same reel-to-reel tape was developed. Prior to the development of recording, all of the singers, band instrumentalists, and/or orchestra accompanists had to sing. Multitracking allowed the engineer to adjust the levels and tone of each individual track, as well, different electronic effects such as reverb could be applied to specific tracks, such as the lead vocals, while not being applied to other tracks where this effect would not be desirable. In the 1980s and 1990s, computers provided means by which sound recording and reproduction could be digitized, revolutionizing audio recording and distribution. Though magnetic tape has not been replaced as a recording medium. Even in the 2010s, with digital multitracking being the dominant technology, with the introduction of SMPTE timecode in the early 1970s, engineers began to use computers to perfectly synchronize separate audio and video playback, and or multiple audio tape machines. In this system, one track of each carried the timecode signal. Some large studios were able to link multiple 24-track machines together, an extreme example of this occurred in 1982, when the rock group Toto recorded Toto IV on three synchronized 24-track machines. This setup theoretically provided for up to 69 audio tracks, which is far more than necessary for most recording projects. For computer-based systems, the trend in the 2000s is towards unlimited numbers of tracks, although issues such as RAM memory. Moreover, on computer-based systems, the number of available recording tracks is limited by the number of sound card discrete analog or digital inputs. At any given point on the tape, any of the tracks on the device can be recording or playing back using sel-sync or Selective Synchronous recording. They might then record a version on track 4 while listening to the other tracks. All the tracks can then be played back in perfect synchrony and this can be repeated until all of the available tracks have been used, or in some cases, reused. During mix down a set of playback heads with higher fidelity are used. Before all tracks are filled, any number of existing tracks can be bounced into one or two tracks, and the original tracks erased, making room for more tracks to be reused for fresh recording. In 1963, The Beatles were using twin track for Please Please Me, the Beach Boys Pet Sounds also made innovative use of multitracking with 8-track machines of the day. Motown also began recording with 8-track machines in 1965 before moving to 16-track machines in mid-1969, a recording engineer can record only the section being worked on, without erasing any other section of that track
10.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
11.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
12.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
13.
Donovan
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Donovan Philips Leitch, known as Donovan, is a Scottish singer, songwriter and guitarist. He developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelia and he has lived in Scotland, Hertfordshire, London and California, and, since at least 2008, in County Cork, Ireland, with his family. Emerging from the British folk scene, Donovan reached fame in the United Kingdom in early 1965 with live performances on the pop TV series Ready Steady Go. He began a long and successful collaboration with leading British independent record producer Mickie Most, scoring multiple hit singles and albums in the UK, US and his most successful singles were the early UK hits Catch the Wind, Colours and Universal Soldier in 1965. He became a friend of pop musicians including Joan Baez, Brian Jones and he taught John Lennon a finger-picking guitar style in 1968 that Lennon employed in Dear Prudence, Julia, Happiness Is a Warm Gun and other songs. Donovans commercial fortunes waned after parting with Most in 1969, Donovan continued to perform and record sporadically in the 1970s and 1980s. His musical style and hippie image were scorned by critics, especially punk rock. His performing and recording became sporadic until a revival in the 1990s with the emergence of Britains rave scene and he recorded the 1996 album Sutras with producer Rick Rubin and in 2004 made a new album, Beat Cafe. Donovan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, Donovan was born on 10 May 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow, to Donald and Winifred Leitch. His father was Protestant and his mother was Catholic and he contracted polio as a child. The disease and treatment left him with a limp, in 1956, his family moved to Little Berkhamsted near Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. Influenced by his familys love of music, he began playing the guitar at 14. He enrolled in art school but soon dropped out, to live out his beatnik aspirations by going on the road, in 1964, he travelled to Manchester with Gypsy Dave, then spent the summer in Torquay, Devon. In Torquay he stayed with Mac MacLeod and took up busking, studying the guitar, the first song revealed the influence of Woody Guthrie and Ramblin Jack Elliott, who had also influenced Bob Dylan. Dylan comparisons followed for some time, while recording the demo, Donovan befriended Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones, who was recording nearby. He had recently met Jones ex-girlfriend, Linda Lawrence, who is the mother of Brian Jones son, the on-off romantic relationship that developed over five years was a force in Donovans career. She influenced Donovans music but refused to him and she moved to the United States for several years in the late 1960s. They met by chance in 1970 and married soon after, Donovan had other relationships – one of which resulted in the birth of his first two children, Donovan Leitch and Ione Skye, both of whom became actors
14.
Garth Brooks
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Troyal Garth Brooks is an American country singer and songwriter. His integration of rock and roll elements into the genre has earned him immense popularity in the United States. Brooks has had success in the country single and album charts, with multi-platinum recordings and record-breaking live performances. He is also one of the worlds best-selling artists of all time, since 1989, Brooks has released 21 records in all, which include,12 studio albums,1 live album,3 compilation albums,3 Christmas albums and 4 box sets, along with 77 singles. He won several awards in his career, including 2 Grammy Awards,17 American Music Awards, troubled by conflicts between career and family, Brooks retired from recording and performing from 2001 until 2009. During this time, he sold millions of albums through a distribution deal with Walmart. In 2005, Brooks started a comeback, giving select performances. In 2009, he began Garth at Wynn, a periodic weekend residency show at Las Vegas Encore Theatre from December 2009 to January 2014, following the conclusion of the residency, Brooks announced his signing with Sony Music Nashville in July 2014. In September 2014, he began his tour, The Garth Brooks World Tour, with wife. His most recent album, Gunslinger, was released in November 2016, Brooks was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame on October 21,2012. Troyal Garth Brooks was born on February 7,1962, in Tulsa and this was the second marriage for each of his parents, giving Brooks four older half-siblings. The couple had two children together, Kelly and Garth, at their home in Yukon, Oklahoma, the family hosted weekly talent nights. All of the children were required to participate, either by singing or doing skits, Brooks learned to play both the guitar and banjo. As a child, Brooks often sang in casual family settings, in high school, he played football and baseball and ran track and field. He received a scholarship to Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. Brooks graduated in 1984 with a degree in advertising and his roommate, Ty England, later played guitar in his road band until going solo in 1995. In 1985, Brooks began his music career, singing and playing guitar in Oklahoma clubs and bars. Through his elder siblings, Brooks was exposed to a range of music
15.
Friends in Low Places
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Friends in Low Places is a song performed by American country pop artist Garth Brooks. It was released in August 1990 as the first single from his album No Fences, the song spent four weeks at number one on the Hot Country Songs, and won both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association awards for 1990 Single of the Year. Friends in Low Places was written in 1989 by songwriters Dewayne Blackwell, the two songwriters had given the song to Brooks to record as a demo soon before the release of his self-titled first album, when he was a relatively unknown singer. Enamored with the song, Brooks recorded the version the next year. According to Earl Bud Lee, one of the songs co-writers, the idea of the song was born when he and some songwriting friends gathered for one day at Tavern on the Row. When the check came, Lee realized he had forgotten his money and he was asked how he was going to pay for the meal, and he replied, Dont worry. I have friends in low places, Lee and his songwriting partner, Dewayne Blackwell, immediately recognized that the line friends in low places had potential, but they didnt act upon it immediately. Some months later, Lee and Blackwell were at a party and they began to talk about the dormant friends in low places idea, and at that very moment, it all started to come together in a song, Lee said. Because nothing else was available, they wrote the song on paper napkins, when the songwriters polished Friends in Low Places, they contacted Garth Brooks to see if he would record a demo for them. Guitarist Jim Garver would add the name of the bar in the song, The Oasis, after an establishment in his hometown of Concordia, Friends in Low Places is in a moderate tempo and the key of A major. The song begins with arpeggios on the chords A, B♭dim7, Bm7, and Eadd9, the intro was not originally part of the song, but was improvised by session guitarist Mark Casstevens. The author of the intro has been debated since the pattern is seen in many of Blackwells other songs. The chorus uses A-Bm-E twice before ending on an A chord, an electric guitar solo with pedal steel guitar flourishes is played between the first chorus and second verse. Friends in Low Places requires a wide vocal range spanning over two octaves to be sung properly. The song spans from a low note of E2 to a high of F♯4, Lee and Blackwell had met Brooks when he was a shoe salesman in a Nashville store, looking for his big break. The two struck up a conversation with the musician, and upon learning his background, they gave him some work making demos of their songs. They were impressed with his voice and talent, but there wasnt much else they could do for him, the demo of Friends In Low Places was recorded at Windwalker Studios, in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. Musicians on the demo were John Beland on acoustic and electric guitars, along with session aces Steve Turner on drums, frank Green was the recording engineer
16.
Recording studio
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A recording studio is a facility for sound recording and mixing. Ideally both the recording and monitoring spaces are designed by an acoustician or audio engineer to achieve optimum acoustic properties. The engineers and producers listen to the music and the recorded tracks on monitor speakers and/or headphones. Major recording studios typically have a range of large, heavy, Isolation booths are small sound-insulated rooms with doors, designed for instrumentalists. This equipment may interfere with the recording process, Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment and soundproofing to prevent sound from leaving the property. Even though sound isolation is a key goal, the musicians, singers, audio engineers and record producers still need to be able to see other, to see cue gestures. As such, the room, isolation booths, vocal booths. Some smaller studios do not have instruments, and bands and artists are expected to bring their own instruments, having musical instruments and equipment in the studio creates additional costs for a studio, as pianos have to be tuned and instruments need to be maintained. However, it makes it convenient for recording artists, as they do not have to bring in large. As well, less costly studio time is spent moving in gear, drummers bring their own snare drum, cymbals and sticks/brushes. The types and brands of equipment owned by a studio depends on the styles of music for the bands. A studio that mainly records heavy metal music will be likely to have large, powerful guitar amp heads, in contrast, a studio which mainly records country bands will likely have a selection of small, vintage combo amps. A studio that records a lot of 1970s-style funk may have an electric piano. General purpose computers have rapidly assumed a role in the recording process. A computer thus outfitted is called a Digital Audio Workstation, or DAW, other software applications include Ableton Live, Mixcraft, Cakewalk Sonar, ACID Pro, FL Studio, Adobe Audition, Auto-Tune, Audacity, and Ardour. While Apple Macintosh is used for most studio work, there is a breadth of available for Microsoft Windows. If no mixing console is used and all mixing is done using only a keyboard and mouse, the OTB is used when mixing with other hardware and not just the PC software
17.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
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Box set
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A box set or boxed set is a set of items packaged in a box, for sale as a single unit. Artists and bands with a long and successful career often have anthology or essential collections of their boxes of music released as box sets. These often include rare and never-before-released tracks, some box sets collect previously released boxes of singles or albums by a music artist, and often collect the complete discography of an artist such as Pink Floyds Oh, by the Way. Other music box sets focus on a compilation of boxes of different artists from a genre such as Big Band jazz, 1960s rock and roll. They generally feature a collection of various hits from some of the top artists of a particular genre. The scope of such box sets varies widely, with some genre-specific box sets focusing on boxes of a specific style, two of the best known companies for making box sets are Legacy Recordings and Rhino Records, both have won multiple Grammy Awards. Prior to Rhino and Legacy, companies such as Time-Life Records, in rare cases, box sets contain all original material such as In Search of The, a 13-disc set by Buckethead, or Klaus Schulzes Contemporary Works duo. In classical music, box sets contain all works of a certain composer or all works in a certain genre, like symphonies or chamber music, performed by a certain orchestra. Films, television, and other programs on Blu-ray and DVD are sometimes sold as box sets, as were certain titles on the now discontinued VHS. Some box sets contain different versions of one film, as in the case of Blade Runner, for example, one can buy box sets of the plays of Shakespeare, collection of J. R. R. Tolkien novels, or Ansel Adams photographic prints, there are now also digital boxed set collections, such as 21 Shades of Night
19.
Bootleg recording
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A bootleg recording is an audio or video recording of a performance that was not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority. The process of making and distributing such recordings is known as bootlegging, bootlegs usually consist of either unreleased studio recordings, live performances or interviews with an unpredictable level of quality. The following year, the Rolling Stones Liver Than Youll Ever Be, subsequent bootlegs became more sophisticated in packaging, particularly the Trademark of Quality label with William Stouts cover artwork. Compact disc bootlegs first appeared in the 1980s, and internet distribution became popular in the 1990s. Changing technologies have affected the recording, distribution, and varying profitability of the underground industry, the copyrights for the song and the right to authorise recordings often reside with the artist, according to several international copyright treaties. The recording, trading and sale of bootlegs continues to thrive, however, even as artists, the word bootleg originates from the practice of smuggling illicit items in the legs of tall boots, particularly the smuggling of alcohol during the American Prohibition era. The word, over time, has come to refer to any illegal or illicit product and this term has become an umbrella term for illicit, unofficial, or unlicensed recordings, including vinyl LPs, silver CDs, or any other commercially sold media or material. The alternate term ROIO or VOI arose among Pink Floyd collectors, to clarify the recording source, although unofficial and unlicensed recordings had existed before the 1960s, the very first rock bootlegs came in plain sleeves with the title rubber stamped on it. However, they developed into more sophisticated packaging, in order to distinguish the manufacturer from inferior competitors. With todays packaging and desktop publishing technology, even the layman can create official looking CDs, with the advent of the cassette and CD-R, however, some bootlegs are traded privately with no attempt to be manufactured professionally. This is even more evident with the ability to share bootlegs via the Internet, some record companies have considered that any record issued outside of their control, and for which they do not receive payment, to be a counterfeit, which includes bootlegs. The most common type is the live bootleg, or audience recording, a number of bootlegs originated with FM radio broadcasts of live or previously recorded live performances. Other bootlegs may be soundboard recordings taken directly from a mixing console used to feed the public address system at a live performance. Artists may record their own shows for review, but engineers may surreptitiously take a copy of this. Some bootlegs consist of private or professional studio recordings distributed without the involvement, including demos. A theme of early rock bootlegs was to copy deleted records, such as old singles and B-sides, onto a single LP, some bootlegs, however, did lead to official releases. According to enthusiast and author Clinton Heylin, the concept of a record can be traced back to the days of Shakespeare. The US did not agree to the terms, resulting in many piratical reprints of sheet music being published there by the end of the century
20.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
21.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
22.
The Beach Boys bootleg recordings
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The Beach Boys bootleg recordings are recordings of performances by the Beach Boys that attained some level of public circulation without being available as a legal release. Many albums by the band were fully assembled or near completion before being shelved, rejected, in recent years, new rarities compilations and reissues of studio albums have been released with studio outtakes included as bonus tracks. Some recordings have never seen wide public circulation, others are only rumored to exist, were misapprehended to tangentially related projects, or have yet to surface in the hands of archivists or record collectors. In 2013, the won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album. In 2011, Uncut voted Smile the number one greatest bootleg recording of all time, in 2003, Stylus Magazine named the Beach Boys Smile, Landlocked, Adult Child, and Dennis Wilsons Bambu A Lost Album Category Unto Themselves. This article includes commonly bootlegged material and unreleased recordings which are reported to exist, the current existence of most of the Beach Boys tape masters was made possible by the fact that the band were in control of their own material. Typically, record labels at the time would possess the multi-tracks, however, a myriad of original multi-track masters have been lost due to various circumstances. Some reported currently missing are, Good Vibrations, The final multi-track and it is speculated to have been left behind at CBS Columbia Square shortly after the record was made. Smile, A half-inch reel that may have also left behind or destroyed at Capitol Records headquarters in 1968. This includes the multi-tracks to songs Wonderful and Cabinessence, various tracks recorded since the 1960s with little information known beyond their song titles. In the last few decades, reels of tape that were thought to be lost have been intermittently rediscovered,1990 – CBS Columbia Square delivered a reel of 1965-era tapes sourced from the album Summer Days which were thought to be lost. When the studio closed, an amount of tapes were left behind. Ten years later, they were all destroyed without checking for inventory, 2010s – A piano demo of Surfs Up was found hidden within a reel of the Wild Honey track Country Air. It was soon included on The Smile Sessions,2013 – Acetates were unearthed that showed Im in Great Shape as part of the projected Heroes and Villains single. Before the release of Made in California, a reel of tapes sourced from November 1964 live performances broadcast on BBC were retrieved,2014 – Writer Brian Chidester reported that additional Brian Wilson recordings dated from the late 1960s and early 1970s were recently found. In 1993, the bootleg label Vigotone released a 2 CD edition of Smile,1998, the label Vigotone followed up with Heroes and Vibrations, a forty-minute disc culling working tapes from Good Vibrations and Heroes and Villains. Those involved with releasing these bootlegs were later apprehended by authorities, discography Provided by the Allmusic database and Bret Wheadon. The following compilations contain previously unreleased material by the Beach Boys
23.
Florence and the Machine
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Florence and the Machine is the stage name of musician, singer and songwriter, Florence Welch. The bands music received praise across the media, especially from the BBC, which played a part in their rise to prominence by promoting Florence. At the 2009 Brit Awards they received the Brit Awards Critics Choice award, the bands music is renowned for its dramatic and eccentric production and also Welchs powerful vocal performances. The bands debut album, Lungs, was released on 6 July 2009. On 17 January 2010, the reached the top position. As of October 2010, the album had been in the top forty in the United Kingdom for sixty-five consecutive weeks, the groups second studio album, Ceremonials, released in October 2011, entered the charts at number one in the UK and number six in the US. The bands third album, How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful, was released on 2 June 2015 and it topped the UK charts, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, their first to do so. The album reached number one in a total of eight countries, also in 2015, the band was the headlining act at Glastonbury Festival, making Florence Welch the first British female headliner this century. Florence and the Machines sound has been described as a combination of genres, including rock. Lungs won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 2010, Florence and the Machine has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards including Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album. Additionally, the performed at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. The name of Florence and the Machine is attributed to Florence Welchs teenage collaboration with Isabella Machine Summers, Welch and Summers performed together for a time under the name Florence Robot/Isa Machine. According to Welch, The name Florence and the Machine started off as a joke that got out of hand. I made music with my friend, who we called Isabella Machine to which I was Florence Robot. When I was about an hour away from my first gig, I still didnt have a name, so I thought Okay, Ill be Florence Robot/Isa Machine, before realising that name was so long itd drive me mad. In addition to Summers, the current band members include musicians Robert Ackroyd, Chris Hayden, Mark Saunders, in 2007, Welch recorded with a band named Ashok, who released an album titled Plans on the Filthy Lucre/About Records label. This album included the earliest version of her later hit Kiss with a Fist, Florence and the Machine released their first album Lungs in the United Kingdom on 6 July 2009. The album was produced by James Ford, Paul Epworth, Steve Mackey, the album was officially launched with a set at the Rivoli Ballroom in Brockley, South East London
24.
What the Water Gave Me (song)
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What the Water Gave Me is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their second studio album Ceremonials. The song was written by lead singer Florence Welch and Francis Eg White and it was released on 23 August 2011 as the first promotional single from Ceremonials. After the band performed the song in Berkeley, California on 12 June 2011, the studio version premiered on Florence, Welch decided to name the song What the Water Gave Me after seeing a Frida Kahlo painting of the same name. During an interview, she confirmed that the song was inspired by English writer Virginia Woolf, what the Water Gave Me is a pop, pop rock and soul song performed in tempo of 133 beats per minute. It incorporates several instruments into its composition, most notably harps, the accompanying music video for the song was filmed at Abbey Road Studios and it showed the band recording and singing the song. Upon its release, the song made its way into several chart most notably at number 24 on the UK Singles Chart and it also became the second song by Florence and the Machine which charted on the US Billboard Hot 100. What the Water Gave Me was written by Florence Welch and Francis Eg White and it was recorded in London at Abbey Road Studios. The song was debuted by Florence and the Machine during a show in Berkeley. After that, the added the song to the set list of their tour, Lungs Tour and on 23 August 2011 the album version of the song premiered on Florence. Welch elaborated on the title and meaning of the song, Its a song for the water, because in music, the ocean seems to me to be natures great overwhelmer. When I was writing this song I was thinking a lot about all those whove lost their lives in vain attempts to save their loved ones from drowning. Its about water in all forms and all bodies and its about a lot of things, Virginia Woolf creeps into it, and of course Frida Kahlo, whose painfully beautiful painting gave me the title. During an interview with NME, Welch revealed how she looked in Frida Kahlo painting by saying, At lot of the time when Im writing, I was writing the song and this book on symbolism was lying around, and it had the painting in it. Its nice to mix the ordinary with extraordinary and she further stated that the song talked about children who are swept out to sea, and their parents go in after them and try to rescue them. It is written in the key of C minor and Welchs vocal range in the runs from the musical note of A♭3 to E♭5. What the Water Gave Me is five and half long and contains ethereal vocals. A gospel organ and choir along with trilling guitars provide instrumentation in What the Water Gave Me. According to Bill Lamb of About. com, the song breaks down into a near a cappella chorus three minutes into the song in gorgeous fashion, but it is only a foreshadowing of what is to come
25.
Cults (band)
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Cults is an American indie band formed in New York City in 2010. The band first came to prominence when they posted a three song EP, Cults 7, on their Bandcamp page and they are signed to Sony and In the Name Of, a record label that was set up by British singer Lily Allen. Cults formed in 2010 while guitarist Brian Oblivion and singer Madeline Follin were students in New York City, Oblivion went to NYU to study documentary cinema, Follin went to The New School. Madeline had previously recorded with punk band Youth Gone Mad on the album, Cults released an EP on Forrest Family Records, Cults 7, with the track Go Outside recorded by Paul Kostabi at Thunderdome Studios, named Best New Music by Pitchfork Media. They toured supporting the Richie Follins Band with overlapping members for six months before signing to ITNO/SONY and their song Go Outside had a video made for it which starred Emma Roberts and Dave Franco. Another video featured the band inter-cut with footage of Jim Jones and their self-titled debut album, Cults, was released on June 7,2011, by Columbia Records imprint In the Name Of run by Lily Allen. The album received positive reviews, and a second Best New Music from Pitchfork was earned for the track Abducted. In 2011 Cults collaborated with the group Superhuman Happiness on a version of the track Um Canto De Afoxé para o Bloco Do Ilê for the Red Hot Organisations most recent charity album Red Hot+Rio 2, the album is a follow-up to the 1996 Red Hot + Rio. Proceeds from sales will be donated to raise awareness and money to fight AIDS/HIV and related health, in early 2012 Cults played the Australasian music festival Laneways. In an interview with 3news. co. nz they said people could expect a more aggressive sound with a lot of changes being made to songs as a five-piece band. In an interview with the magazine Coup De Main, Madeline Follin was quoted saying that You Know What I Mean is her song on their self-titled debut album. In 2013 they were featured alongside Amber Coffman on J. Coles Born Sinner album which peaked at number 1 on the Billboard 200. The song later peaked at number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 Also in 2013, in 2016, Madeline Follin collaborated with her brother Richie James Follin in their single Roxy that was released online on February 23,2016. 133, CAN, No.89 Static US, No.114 Cults 7 Sunday Jams Official website Cults MySpace Page Cults Bandcamp Page Cults la pop, lamour&les cheveux
26.
Foster the People
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Foster the People is an American indie pop band formed in Los Angeles, California in 2009. It currently consists of lead vocalist Mark Foster and drummer Mark Pontius and their music, described as melodic dance-infused pop and rock, spans many genres. Foster founded the band in 2009 after spending years in Los Angeles as a struggling musician. After releasing their debut album Torches in May 2011, Pumped Up Kicks became a hit on commercial radio in mid-2011. The record also featured the popular singles Helena Beat and Dont Stop, the group received two Grammy Award nominations for Torches and Pumped Up Kicks. After touring for two years in support of Torches, Foster the People released their album, Supermodel. It was preceded by the lead single Coming of Age, Mark Foster graduated from Nordonia High School in the suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio. At his fathers encouragement, Foster moved in with his uncle in Sylmar, Los Angeles, Foster worked various jobs and at night, he attended parties in Hollywood to expand his social network. He said, I felt like an 18-year-old Hunter S. Thompson, I was just diving into this Hollywood Hills subculture and taking it all in. I wasnt shy about taking my guitar out at a party, I wanted to be the center of attention. At one time, he roomed with actor Brad Renfro, Foster struggled with drug addiction during his initial years in Los Angeles, saying, It got pretty dark. My friends thought I was going to die, when I was 19 years old, it got to a point where I said, Enough is enough. I saw time was just passing me by, several attempts at founding a band proved unsuccessful. After turning 22, he says he was contacted by Aftermath Entertainment about showcasing his musical talents, but the opportunity ultimately fell through. For the next few years, Foster waited tables at a cafe while dealing with writers block and he said of the profession, I definitely learned from the commercial standpoint what works, and he credited it with reviving his confidence in performing. The music Foster wrote spanned a range of genres. He explained, Id write one song and itd be a hip-hop song, Id write another and itd be heavily electronic. Another would be like a spiritual, and another would be classic piano song, I was constantly trying to pull those elements together
27.
Pumped Up Kicks
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Pumped Up Kicks is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It was released as the debut single in September 2010. Pumped Up Kicks became the breakthrough hit and was one of the most popular songs of 2011. The song was written and recorded by frontman Mark Foster while he was working as a jingle writer. Contrasting with the musical composition, the lyrics describe the homicidal thoughts of a troubled youth. Pumped Up Kicks proved to be a hit, in 2011, after receiving significant airplay on modern rock stations. The song was praised by critics, and it has been licensed for use in a wide range of popular media since its release. Pumped Up Kicks received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, soon after Mark Foster formed Foster the People in 2009, he wrote and recorded Pumped Up Kicks in five hours while working as a commercial jingle writer at Mophonics in Los Angeles. On the day of recording, Foster debated between songwriting in the studio and going to the beach and he explained, I really didnt have anything to do that day. I was standing there in the studio, and this came in my mind like. And then I was like, I dont feel like writing, I dont want to write a song. I was an away from the beach, and it was a beautiful day. I kind of just wanted to just be lazy and go out at the beach or whatever. But I just forced myself to write a song, by that time the next day, the song was finished. Reflecting on the lack of inspiration he felt when writing the song, Foster said, Ive heard a lot of other talk about this as well, like. Im just not really feeling anything, and Ive felt that way, too, just not being inspired and wanting to wait for inspiration to come before I wrote. But I wasnt inspired when I wrote Pumped Up Kicks, and it just solidified the notion that perspiration is more powerful than inspiration. Thinking that he was just recording a demo, he played all of the instruments on the song, the demo is ultimately the version of the song that Foster released
28.
Bruce Springsteen
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Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for his work with the E Street Band, Springsteens recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful albums, Born to Run and Born in the U. S. A. find pleasures in the struggles of daily American life. He has sold more 120 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, in 2009, Springsteen was a Kennedy Center Honors recipient, in 2013 was named MusiCares person of the year and in 2016 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He married Patti Scialfa in 1991, and the couple have had three children – Evan James, Jessica Rae and Sam Ryan, Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen was born on September 23,1949, at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was brought home from the hospital to Freehold Borough where he spent his childhood and he lived on South Street and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry, Springsteen said his mother, Adele Ann, a legal secretary and of Italian ancestry, was the main breadwinner. His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a town near Naples and he has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full-time, she took photos for his Human Touch, Lucky Town. The Springsteens are among the early Dutch families who settled in the colony of New Netherland in the 1600s, raised a Roman Catholic, Springsteen attended the St. In a 2012 interview, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music and he noted in the interview that his faith had given him a very active spiritual life, although he joked that this made it very difficult sexually. He added, Once a Catholic, always a Catholic, in the ninth grade, Springsteen transferred to the public Freehold High School, but did not fit in there either. Former teachers have said he was a loner, who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar and he completed high school, but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony. He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out, Springsteen grew up hearing fellow New Jersey singer Frank Sinatra on the radio. He became interested in being involved in music himself when, in 1956 at the age of seven, in 1964, Springsteens mother bought him his first guitar for $18. 1964 was also an important year for Springsteen, having seen The Beatles appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, thereafter he started playing for audiences with a band called the Rogues at local venues such as the Elks Lodge in Freehold. In 1965, Springsteens mother took out a loan to buy her 16-year-old son a $60 Kent guitar, in the same year, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently one of the singers of the Castiles
29.
E Street Band
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The E Street Band is an American rock band, and has been musician Bruce Springsteens primary backing band since 1972. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. S, Bonds, Darlene Love, Southside Johnny, The Grateful Dead, Santana, Lucinda Williams, Steve Earle, Emmylou Harris, Tracy Chapman, Lady Gaga and Aretha Franklin. The E Street Band was founded in October 1972, but it was not formally named until September 1974, Springsteen has put together other backing bands during his career, but the E Street Band has been together more or less continuously since its inception. The original lineup included Garry Tallent, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Mad Dog Lopez, the band took its name from the street in Belmar, New Jersey, where Sancious mother lived. She allowed the band to rehearse in her garage, ‘Bruce’ tourists to the area often mistakenly believe the house was on the corner of E Street and 10th Avenue, perhaps due to the song Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out about the bands beginnings. The Sancious house was at 1107 E Street with the garage squeezed between the house and the southside fence, Springsteens debut Greetings from Asbury Park, N. J. appeared in 1972, and the bands first national tour began in October 1972. Sancious, even though he played on the album, missed that first tour and it was not until June 1973 that he began appearing regularly on stage with the band. In February 1974, Lopez was asked to resign, and was replaced by Ernest Boom Carter. A few months later, in August 1974, Sancious and Carter left to form their own jazz band called Tone. They were replaced in September 1974 by Roy Bittan and Max Weinberg, violinist Suki Lahav was briefly a member of the band before leaving in March 1975 to emigrate to Israel. Steven Van Zandt, who had long associated with Springsteen and had played in previous bands with him. This lineup remained stable until the early 1980s when Van Zandt left to pursue his own career and he would later rejoin the band in 1995. In June 1984 Nils Lofgren was added to replace Van Zandt, Springsteens future wife, by 2002, the band also included Soozie Tyrell. Tyrell had earlier worked with Scialfa touring with Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, whether Tyrell became as full-fledged a member as the others remains unclear. When asked about the lack of mention in a release prior to the Magic Tour, Springsteen just said in response. Springsteen stated at the time, Danny is one of the pillars of our sound and has played beside me as a friend for more than 40 years. We all eagerly await his healthy and speedy return, Federici made his only return to the stage on March 20,2008, when he appeared for portions of a Springsteen and E Street Band performance at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Federici died on April 17,2008 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, Springsteens album, Working on a Dream, is dedicated to him
30.
Nebraska (album)
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Nebraska is the sixth studio album by Bruce Springsteen. The album was released on September 30,1982, by Columbia Records, sparsely-recorded on a cassette-tape Portastudio, the tracks on Nebraska were originally intended as demos of songs to be recorded with the E Street Band. However, Springsteen ultimately decided to release the demos himself, Nebraska remains one of the most highly regarded albums in his catalogue. Unlike with his previous albums, very little salvation and grace is present within the songs, initially, Springsteen recorded demos for the album at his home with a 4-track cassette recorder. The demos were sparse, using acoustic guitar, electric guitar, harmonica, mandolin, glockenspiel, tambourine, organ, synthesizer. The songs themselves also have sparse composition, and many of the songs are simple three chord songs, after he completed work on the demos, Springsteen brought the songs to the studio and recorded the album with the E Street Band. Complications with mastering of the tapes ensued because of low recording volume, the demo recording sessions done by Springsteen featured a total of 17 songs, where 10 of them ended up on Nebraska, and the demo for Born In The USA would appear on the Tracks compilation. The remaining six unreleased demos are circulating among Springsteen fans, Springsteen fans have long speculated whether Springsteens full-band recording of the album, nicknamed Electric Nebraska, will ever surface. In a 2006 interview, manager Jon Landau said it was unlikely, but in a 2010 interview with Rolling Stone, E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg praised the full band recording of the album as killing. Other songs demoed during the Nebraska sessions include Born in the U. S. A, downbound Train, Child Bride, Pink Cadillac, The Big Payback, Johnny Bye Bye, and Losin Kind. The remaining songs are largely of the bleak tone, including the dark State Trooper. Criminal behavior continues as a theme in the song Highway Patrolman, even though the protagonist works for the law, open All Night, a Chuck Berry-style lone guitar rave-up, does manage a dose of defiant, humming-towards-the-gallows exuberance. Springsteen stated that the stories in this album were inspired by historian Howard Zinns book A Peoples History of the United States. A music video was produced for the song Atlantic City, it features stark, black-and-white images of the city, still, this is a conceptual coup, especially since its selling. In the newspapers annual Pazz & Jop critics poll, Nebraska was voted the third best album of 1982, in 1989, it was ranked 43rd on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1980s. That same year, Richard Williams wrote in Q magazine that Nebraska would simply have been a better record with the benefit of the E Street Band. In 2003, Nebraska was ranked number 224 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, pitchfork listed it as the 60th greatest album of the 1980s. In 2006, Q placed the album at number 13 in its list of 40 Best Albums of the 80s, in 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at number 57 on its list of Best Albums of the 1980s
31.
Noise music
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Noise music is a category of music that is characterised by the expressive use of noise within a musical context. This type of music tends to challenge the distinction that is made in conventional musical practices between musical and non-musical sound, Noise music includes a wide range of musical styles and sound-based creative practices that feature noise as a primary aspect. Some of the music can feature acoustically or electronically generated noise, there may also be emphasis on high volume levels and lengthy, continuous pieces. More generally noise music may contain aspects such as improvisation, extended technique, cacophony, in many instances, conventional use of melody, harmony, rhythm or pulse is dispensed with. Contemporary noise music is associated with extreme volume and distortion. In the domain of experimental rock, examples include Jimi Hendrixs use of feedback, Lou Reeds Metal Machine Music, genres such as industrial, industrial techno, lo-fi music, black metal, sludge metal, and glitch music employ noise-based materials. According to Danish noise and music theorist Torben Sangild, one definition of noise in music is not possible. According to Murray Schafer there are four types of noise, unwanted noise, unmusical sound, any sound. Definitions regarding what is considered noise, relative to music, have changed over time, ben Watson, in his article Noise as Permanent Revolution, points out that Ludwig van Beethovens Grosse Fuge sounded like noise to his audience at the time. Indeed, Beethovens publishers persuaded him to remove it from its setting as the last movement of a string quartet. He did so, replacing it with a sparkling Allegro and he defines noise at different times as intrusive, unwanted, lacking skill, not being appropriate and a threatening emptiness. He traces these trends starting with 18th-century concert hall music, Hegarty contends that it is John Cages composition 433, in which an audience sits through four and a half minutes of silence, that represents the beginning of noise music proper. Writing about Japanese noise music, Hegarty suggests that it is not a genre, but it is also a genre that is multiple, Japanese noise music can come in all styles, referring to all other genres. But crucially asks the question of genre—what does it mean to be categorized, in Noise, The Political Economy of Music, Jacques Attali explores the relationship between noise music and the future of society. He indicates that noise in music is a predictor of social change, like much of modern and contemporary art, noise music takes characteristics of the perceived negative traits of noise mentioned below and uses them in aesthetic and imaginative ways. In common use, the word noise means unwanted sound or noise pollution, Noise can block, distort, or change the meaning of a message in both human and electronic communication. White noise is a signal with a flat power spectral density. In other words, the signal contains equal power within a fixed bandwidth at any center frequency, White noise is considered analogous to white light which contains all frequencies
32.
Black metal
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Black metal is an extreme subgenre and subculture of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, a vocal style, heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw recording, unconventional song structures. Artists often appear in corpse paint and adopt pseudonyms, during the 1980s, several thrash and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer, a second wave arose in the early 1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon and Gorgoroth. The early Norwegian black metal scene developed the style of their forebears into a distinct genre, norwegian-inspired black metal scenes emerged throughout Europe and North America, although some other scenes developed their own styles independently. Some prominent Swedish bands spawned during this wave, such as Marduk, Nifelheim. Initially a synonym for Satanic metal, black metal is often met with hostility from mainstream culture, due to the actions, many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, advocating various forms of Satanism or ethnic paganism. In the 1990s, members of the scene were responsible for a spate of church burnings, there is also a small neo-Nazi movement within black metal, although it has been shunned by many prominent artists. Generally, black metal strives to remain underground, inaccessible to the mainstream, although contemporary black metal typically refers to the Norwegian style with shrieking vocals and raw production, the term has also been applied to bands with widely differing sounds. Norwegian-inspired black metal guitarists usually favor high-pitched or trebly guitar tones, the guitar is usually played with fast, un-muted tremolo picking. Guitarists often use dissonance—along with specific scales, intervals and chord progressions—to create a sense of dread, the tritone, or flat-fifth, is often used. Guitar solos and low guitar tunings are rare in black metal, the bass guitar is seldom used to play stand-alone melodies. It is not uncommon for the bass to be muted against the guitar, some newer black metal bands began raising their production quality and introducing additional instruments such as synthesizers and even orchestras. The drumming is usually fast and relies on double-bass and blast beats to maintain tempos that can sometimes approach 300 beats per minute and these fast tempos require great skill and physical stamina, typified by black metal drummers Frost and Hellhammer. Even still, authenticity is still prioritized over technique and this professionalism has to go, insists well-respected drummer and metal historian Fenriz of Darkthrone. I want to de-learn playing drums, I want to play primitive and simple, I dont want to play like a drum solo all the time, Black metal songs often stray from conventional song structure and often lack clear verse-chorus sections. Instead, many black metal songs contain lengthy and repetitive instrumental sections, the Greek style—established by Rotting Christ, Necromantia and Varathron—has more traditional heavy metal and death metal traits than Norwegian black metal. Traditional black metal bands tend to favor raspy, high-pitched vocals which include such as shrieking, screaming, and snarling
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Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
34.
SoundCloud
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SoundCloud is an online audio distribution platform based in Berlin, Germany, that enables its users to upload, record, promote, and share their originally-created sounds. SoundClouds content is split between music and other audio. Founders Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss are the executive officer and chief technical officer. SoundCloud was established in Berlin in August 2008 by Swedish sound designer Ljung, in a 2009 interview with Wired, Ljung said, In April 2009, SoundCloud received €2.5 million Series A funding from Doughty Hanson Technology Ventures. By May 2010, SoundCloud announced it had one million users, in January 2011, it was confirmed that SoundCloud had raised a US$10 million Series B funding round from Union Square Ventures and Index Ventures. On 15 June 2011, SoundCloud announced they had five million registered users, on 23 January 2012, SoundCloud announced on their blog that they had 10 million registered users. By May 2012,15 million users were announced by the company at a conference held in San Francisco. The usage level for the site was growing by 1.5 million users per month at this stage, the new API was released to the public in December 2012. The response from users was mixed, and many expressed dissatisfaction with the change, SoundCloud received over 60,000 comments regarding the new layout by 10 December 2012. Also in December 2012, the data showed that SoundCloud was reaching 180 million people per month—8 percent of the global Internet—while users were uploading 10 hours of content every minute. In March 2013, Twitter announced SoundCloud as a third-party music partner, alongside iTunes, however, the initiative never eventuated, SoundClouds inability to load licensed music—due to the absence of arrangements with the major music labels—was cited as a major reason. SoundCloud announced in January 2014 that it had commenced negotiations with the music companies. The announcement was publicised after a round of funding in which US$60 million was raised, the additional finances were suggested as the reason for the plan, as finalizing such deals is a costly process. In March 2014, SoundCloud was reportedly in a round of talks with major music labels about licensing after the January negotiations did not amount to anything substantial. However, the outcome of the talks was not forthcoming in any media sources, later in May, the media reported that Twitter had regained interest in SoundCloud and was considering acquiring the platform for around US$2 billion. The next after the publicity of the deal surfaced, the prospect was no longer an active consideration, on 28 September 2016, Spotify announced that it was in talks to buy SoundCloud. On 8 December 2016, Spotify was reported to have abandoned its acquisition plans, other startups that have crossed such a threshold include Spotify and Uber. At this time, SoundCloud claimed that 175 million unique listeners used the site each month, although SoundCloud did not have paid subscriptions for ad-free streaming, they had planned to launch one in 2015
35.
Bandcamp
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Artists who use Bandcamp are provided with a customizable microsite where the music they create can be uploaded and shared. The site also allows for artists to free music downloads with the option to donate to the artist or to receive a free track or album by joining the artist’s email list. Other options include sending purchased music as a gift, viewing lyrics and these options can be toggled by the artist depending on how they plan to price their music. The options provide smaller and independent artists with an online presence for their music. Uploading music to Bandcamp is free, but the company takes a 15% cut of sales made from their website, bandcamp’s website offers users access to an artist’s page featuring information on the artist, social media links, merchandising links and listing the artist’s available music. These options can be toggled and customized on the artist’s page allowing artists to change the look of their page, in 2010 the site enabled embedded/shared links in other microblogging sites such as Facebook, Twitter, WordPress, Google+, and Tumblr with options for email. In early 2015, Bandcamp released an announcement that artists using the website had officially earned $100 million in total from music sales, often, consumers download copyrighted music through various means of free file distribution without payment to the artist. This flexibility in balancing free content with flexible payment methods allows for the artists to compete with unauthorized content by providing means to digital distribution. On the company blog, Bandcamp provided Google search data which showed users being directed from illegal music searches to the site, data like this provides artists with an idea of the sites effectiveness, and how artists can fight against the infringement of their work. Bandcamp gained much attention in July 2010 when Amanda Palmer, Low Places and Bedhed gave up their record labels and started selling albums on Bandcamp, zombies, Limbo, Super Meat Boy, To the Moon, Fez, Minecraft, and Sleepless Night. In December 2014, Bandcamp for Labels was launched, popular independent labels such as Sub Pop, Fat Wreck Chords and Epitaph Records launched their own Bandcamp pages
36.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
37.
Consequence of Sound
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Consequence of Sound is a Chicago-based online magazine featuring news, editorials, and reviews of music and movies. In addition, the website features the Festival Outlook micro-site. The website takes its name from the Regina Spektor song, Consequence of Sounds. The site was founded in September 2007 by Alex Young—who now has the role of the sites CEO and publisher—and it has a staff of over 50 writers, editors, graphic designers. In February 2012, the website launched a long form writing section, in March 2012, the website launched its first-ever mobile app at South by Southwest. Consequence of Sound is listed as one of the most influential music websites by Technorati, in 2010, About. com ranked Consequence of Sound the years best music blog, based on Technorati rankings and the online buzz throughout the year. In the Spring of 2014, Style of Sound calculated that Consequence of Sound charted as the No.2 Most Influential Music Blog, a popular feature of Consequence of Sound is the Festival Outlook, posting rumors regarding bands playing music festivals. However, it has caused some controversy, in 2009, CoS reported that Paul McCartney and The Killers would headline the 2009 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival prior to its lineup announcement. In 2010, CoS reported that Muse, Jay-Z, and Gorillaz would headline the 2010 Coachella Valley Music, official website Consequence of Sound on Facebook Consequence of Sound on Twitter
