1.
Culture of Djibouti
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The culture of the Republic of Djibouti is diverse, due to the nations Red Sea location at a crossroads of trade and commerce. They were called Hamites Orientals to distinguish them from these other Hamites that are Egyptians, an important Arab community of Yemeni origin, is also based in Djibouti. However, the population tends to settle because today more than half of its citizens live in the capital, poetry traditionally recited in the villages by special readers called gabaye was a way of recording the communitys history and customs, as well as current events. The two largest ethnic groups are the Issa Somali and the Afar, the Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issas, in addition to smaller numbers of Gadabuursi. Both are sub-clans of the larger Dir, the Issas form part of the Madoobe Dir, the remaining 5% of Djiboutis population primarily consists of Arabs, Ethiopians and Europeans. Most local residents are urban dwellers, the remainder are pastoralists, Djibouti has also hosted Arab refugees, primarily from Yemen. Somalis have traditionally organized into nomadic pastoral clans, loose empires, sultanates and city-states. Their clan groupings are important social units, wherein membership plays a part in Somali culture. Clans are patrilineal and are divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous, so as to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Afar society has historically been organized into independent kingdoms, each ruled by its own Sultan, a portion of the community also consists of pastoralists, raising goats, sheep, and cattle in the desert. In addition, the Afar are reputed for their martial prowess, men traditionally sport the jile, a famous curved knife. They also have a repertoire of battle songs. According to Ethnologue, the majority of the population speaks Somali or Afar as a first language, both languages belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic family. There are two languages in Djibouti, Arabic and French. Arabic is of social, cultural and religious importance, in formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Taizzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, French was inherited from the colonial period and is the primary language of instruction. About 10,200 Djiboutians speak it as a first language, immigrant languages include Omani Arabic, Amharic, Greek and Hindi
2.
History of Djibouti
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Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea and the Red Sea to the north and northeast, Ethiopia to the west and south, in antiquity, the territory was part of the Land of Punt. The Djibouti area, along with other localities in the Horn region, was later the seat of the medieval Adal, in the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established following treaties signed by the ruling Issa Somali and Afar Sultans with the French. It was subsequently renamed to the French Territory of the Afars, a decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence, officially marking the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti. The Djibouti area has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic, pottery predating the mid-2nd millennium has been found at Asa Koma, an inland lake area on the Gobaad Plain. The sites ware is characterized by punctate and incision geometric designs, long-horned humpless cattle bones have also been discovered at Asa Koma, suggesting that domesticated cattle was present by around 3,500 years ago. Rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are found at Dorra. A team of archaeologists discovered funds stone houses, the walls of an edifice with orienteer recess to Mecca. They have also updated shards of ceramics, chipped stone tools, an old settlement, Handoga is the site of numerous ancient ruins and buildings, many of obscure origins. Including ceramic shards matching vases used brazier, or containers that can hold water, several choppers and microliths, blades, drills, trenchers basalt, a team of archaeologists discover an elephant date of 1.6 million years near the area. Also a pearl orange coralline, three glass paste, etc, between Djibouti City and Loyada are a number of anthropomorphic and phallic stelae. The structures are associated with graves of rectangular shape flanked by vertical slabs, the Djibouti-Loyada stelae are of uncertain age, and some of them are adorned with a T-shaped symbol. Together with northern Somalia, Eritrea and the Red Sea coast of Sudan, the old territorys first mention dates to the 25th century BC. The Puntites were a nation of people that had relations with Ancient Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure. They traded not only in their own produce of incense, ebony and short-horned cattle, according to the temple reliefs at Deir el-Bahari, the Land of Punt was ruled at that time by King Parahu and Queen Ati. Islam was introduced to the early on from the Arabian peninsula. Zeilas two-mihrab Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to the 7th century, and is the oldest mosque in the city, in the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Horn seaboard. He also mentioned that the Adal kingdom had its capital in Zeila and this suggests that the Adal Sultanate with Zeila as its headquarters dates back to at least the 9th or 10th century
3.
Media of Djibouti
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Media in Djibouti is controlled by the government. From Djibouti City, telephone connections are available by satellite to Europe, there were 9,500 mainline telephones and 23,000 cellular phones in use throughout the country in 2003. Radio Djibouti began broadcasting in the 1940s, during the period in French Somaliland. In 1983, Djibouti inaugurated a powerful state-owned AM radio transmitting station, built with French, a television service was first introduced in 1967. Both are state run and broadcast in Arabic, French, Somali, as of 2001, there were 1 AM and 2 FM radio stations and 1 television station. In 1997, there were 77 radios and 37 television sets per 1,000 population, internet access was available to about 6,500 subscribers in 2003. Djibouti has one weekly newspaper, the government owned La Nation de Djibouti. Each political party is allowed to publish a public journal, there are several opposition-run weeklies and monthlies that operate freely. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and the press, communications in Djibouti List of newspapers in Djibouti This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies website http, //lcweb2. loc. gov/frd/cs/
4.
Tourism in Djibouti
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The main tourist activities are scuba diving, fishing, trekking and hiking, discovering the nomadic way, bird watching, and sun, sea and sand. At Goubbet al Kharab, near the end of the Gulf of Tadjoura, there are steep cliffs. A number of volcanoes are located inland from here. Another popular tourist attraction is the Day Forest National Park for conserving rare trees on Mount Goda. Near the town of Ali Sabieh are famously red mountains and a park full of many gazelles. The coastal plains, mountain ranges. Some popular local attractions include the Presidential Palace, the Central Market, Maskali Islands, Moucha Island, Lake Abbe, the coastlines of Djibouti harbor many stretches of beaches that are frequented by sun bathers and other visitors. Priority is given to the construction of hotels and the construction of roads meet the latest international standards. The tourist industry in Djibouti is regulated by the Ministry of Commerce, according to the UNWTO, the annual number of tourists visiting the country is uncertain. However, international tourism locally generated $21 million USD in revenue in 2012, according to Office National du Tourisme de Djibouti figures, almost half of all visitors, or 48%, came from France, with 21% arriving from other European countries. The third-largest group came from Gulf states, visitors from Africa represented just 6%, with the majority of them coming from Ethiopia. Finally, visitors from Asia and North America represented minor percentages at 5% and 3%, Djibouti has a number of local attractions, consisting of historical sites, National Park, beaches and mountain ranges. Djibouti City - The People Palace Djibouti City - Rue Venice Djibouti City - The Presidential Palace Day Forest National Park established in 1939, and also is the largest forest in Djibouti. Djibouti has many restaurants serving their local foods to tourists. Tadjoura – Korijib is one of the oldest mosques in the Horn of Africa, Djibouti City – The Grand Mosque of Hamoudi. Loyada – Beach and palm grove, with the tombs of important historical leaders in the region
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