1.
Town
–
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a town varies considerably in different parts of the world, the word town shares an origin with the German word Zaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the Old Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the meaning of the word. An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom, in English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed. In England, a town was a community that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or other larger fortifications. In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, in Old Norse tun means a place between farmhouses, and is still used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian. If there was any distinction between toun and burgh as claimed by some, it did not last in practice as burghs, for example, Edina Burgh or Edinburgh was built around a fort and eventually came to have a defensive wall. In some cases, town is a name for city or village. Sometimes, the town is short for township. A places population size is not a determinant of urban character. In many areas of the world, as in India at least until recent times, in the United Kingdom, there are historical cities that are far smaller than the larger towns. Some forms of settlement, such as temporary mining locations, may be clearly non-rural. Towns often exist as governmental units, with legally defined borders. In the United States these are referred to as incorporated towns, in other cases the town lacks its own governance and is said to be unincorporated. Note that the existence of a town may be legally set forth through other means. In the case of planned communities, the town exists legally in the form of covenants on the properties within the town. Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor proposed a classification of towns based on their age, although there is no official use of the term for any settlement. In Albanian qytezë means small city or new city, while in ancient times small residential center within the walls of a castle
2.
Malaysia
–
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia, located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, the first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946, Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a role in politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims, the government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister, since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6. 5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third largest in Southeast Asia, the name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malay and the Latin-Greek suffix -sia/-σία. The word melayu in Malay may derive from the Tamil words malai and ur meaning mountain and city, land, malayadvipa was the word used by ancient Indian traders when referring to the Malay Peninsula. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word melayu or mlayu may have used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to steadily accelerate or run. This term was applied to describe the current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra
3.
States and federal territories of Malaysia
–
The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation comprising thirteen states and three federal territories, eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula, collectively called Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia. Two states are on the island of Borneo, and the remaining one federal territory consists of islands offshore of Borneo, out of the 13 states in Malaysia,9 of the states are hereditary monarchies. The governance of the states is divided between the government and the state governments, while the federal territories are directly administered by the federal government. The specific responsibilities of the federal and the governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia. Theoretically, any matter not set out in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated on by the individual states, however, legal scholars generally view this as a paupers bequest because of the large scope of the matters listed in the Ninth Schedule. The courts themselves have generally favoured a broad interpretation of the language of the Ninth Schedule, the Ninth Schedule specifically lists the following matters as those that can only be legislated on by the states, land tenure, the Islamic religion, and local government. Nine of the states, based on historical Malay kingdoms, are known as the Malay states. Each Malay state has a ruler as titular head of state. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilans elective ruler holds the title of Yamtuan Besar, whereas the ruler of Perlis is titled Raja. The federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term and they have separate immigration policies and controls and a unique residency status. Each state has a legislature called Dewan Undangan Negeri. Members of DUN are elected from single-member constituencies drawn based on population, the state leader of the majority party in DUN is usually appointed Chief Minister by the Ruler or Governor. The term of DUN members is five years unless the assembly is dissolved earlier by the Ruler or Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, however, Rulers and Governors hold discretionary powers in withholding consent to dissolve the DUN. Each state sends two senators elected by the DUN to the Dewan Negara, the house of the federal parliament. The law in question must also be passed by the assembly as well. Non-Islamic issues that fall under the purview of the state may also be legislated on at the level for the purpose of conforming with Malaysian treaty obligations. Each state is divided into districts, which are then divided into mukim
4.
Sabah
–
Sabah, nicknamed Malay, Negeri Di Bawah Bayu, is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Sabah has a level of autonomy in administration, immigration. It is situated in northern Borneo, bordering the state of Sarawak to the southwest, Kalimantan of Indonesia to the south, Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam in the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the city, the economic centre of the state. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau, as of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the states population is 3,543,500. Sabah has a climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which form part of the Crocker Range National Park, Kinabatangan River, second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah and Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well of Malaysia. The earliest human settlement in Sabah can be traced back to 20, the state had a trading relationship with China from the 14th century AD. Sabah came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 15th century, the state was subsequently acquired by the North Borneo Chartered Company in the 19th century. During World War II, Sabah was occupied by the Japanese for three years and it became a British Crown Colony in 1946. On 31 August 1963, Sabah was granted self-government by the British, following this, Sabah became one of the founding members of the Federation of Malaysia alongside Sarawak, Singapore, and the Federation of Malaya. Sabah exhibits notable diversity in ethnicity, culture and language, the head of state is the Governor, also known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, while the head of government is the Chief Minister. The government system is modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and has one of the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. Sabah is divided into divisions and districts. Malay is the language of the state, and Islam is the official religion. Sabah is known for its musical instrument, the sompoton. Sabah is the state in Malaysia to celebrate the Kaamatan festival. Sabah has abundant natural resources, and its economy is strongly export-oriented, the primary exports include oil, gas, timber and palm oil
5.
West Coast Division
–
West Coast Division is an administrative division of Sabah, Malaysia. It occupies the northwest portion of Sabah, with an area of 7,588 square kilometres, it occupies 10. 3% of Sabahs territory. It also has approximately 30% of Sabahs total population, the division is divided into the districts of Ranau, Kota Belud, Tuaran, Penampang, Papar, and the state capital Kota Kinabalu. The main towns are as in the names of the districts, plus other towns including Putatan, Inanam, Telipok, Tamparuli, and Kinarut
6.
Districts of Malaysia
–
District is a type of administrative division below the state level in Malaysia. An administrative district is administered by lands and district office which is headed by district officer, in Peninsular Malaysia, a district is a subdivision of a state. A mukim is a subdivision of a district, the mukim is however of less importance with respect to the administration of land. In East Malaysia, a district is a subdivision of a division of a state, for example, Tuaran is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah. A district is named after the main town or its administrative capital, for example. In Sarawak, some districts are divided into sub-districts before the mukim level. Administrative district boundaries are coextensive with local government area boundaries
7.
Penampang
–
Penampang is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It has virtually become a suburb of Kota Kinabalu which is Sabahs capital and is considered as part of Greater Kota Kinabalu area and its population was estimated to be around 121,934 in 2010, with ethnic Kadazan as the majority. Donggongon is the town in the district. The name Penampang came from an old village within the district, the villages name in turn originates from a Kadazan word pampang meaning a big rock. This is because huge rocks were found within the vicinity of the village a long time ago. The name Penampang in contemporary usage refers to the district, with the town of Donggongon as the town within the district. Penampang as a reference of this area is of a relatively new origin. Early British explorer, John Whitehead who had explored North Borneo in the 1880s referred to this district as Patatan, owen Rutter, a civil servant in North Borneo from 1910 to 1914 similarly referred to this area as Putatan. Prior to the formation of Penampang District Council in 1978, it was known as Jesselton Rural District Council. This auxiliary administrative body covered the whole of Penampang sub-district, Telipok town including areas up to Kampung Likas, Taman Foh Sang and Taman Stephen. The first head of JRDC was the District Officer of Jesselton, in 1966, the Local Government Ordinance 1961 was amended whereby Councilors are to be appointed by the Minister of Local Government Sabah. When the name Jesselton was changed to Kota Kinabalu, Jesselton Rural District Council was also changed to Kota Kinabalu Rural District Council, in 1978, Kota Kinabalu Town Board was upgraded to Kota Kinabalu Municipal Council hence Kota Kinabalu Rural District Council became Penampang District Council. There has been no popular demonyms to describe the people of Penampang although locally, the term Penampangite is very rarely used. According to the 2010 census, the population of Penampang was 121,934. Of these, the Kadazandusun ethnic group formed the majority at 42,378 followed by Chinese ethnic group at 27,346, Bajau at 9,133, Malay at 5,803, the Kadazandusuns mainly practice Christianity, the majority of which are Roman Catholic. The Chinese mainly practice Buddhism or Christianity, Penampang was one of the important sites for Roman Catholic early mission in North Borneo. St. Josephs Foreign Mission Society of Mill Hill, a Roman Catholic mission organization, began its early missionary works in Papar, Penampang, the mission work was undoubtedly an important catalyst not only in religion dissemination among the native population of Penampang but also in providing education. The people of Penampang generally speak Malay language with distinctive Sabahan creole, the Sabahan dialect in Penampang is largely influenced by the native Kadazan language especially among the Kadazandusun people
8.
Greater Kota Kinabalu
–
Greater Kota Kinabalu refers to the urbanised areas surrounding the city of Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia. Kota Kinabalu is the capital of the state of Sabah and is the largest city in the state, Greater Kota Kinabalu is sometimes referred to as Kota Kinabalu Urban Area, Conurbation of Kota Kinabalu or Kota Kinabalu Metropolitan Area. Kota Kinabalu Metropolitan Area may also include the towns and districts of Papar 38 km south, the population of Greater Kota Kinabalu is 629,943 and Kota Kinabalu Metropolitan Area is 837,694. The population of the city/district of Kota Kinabalu is 462,963, Greater Kota Kinabalu ranks among the six largest conurbation in Malaysia together with Kuala Lumpur, Greater Penang, Johor Bahru, Ipoh and Kuching. A government investment promotion body estimates the population of Greater KK to be 900,000, the economic center and focus point of Kota Kinabalu is a small area by the coast known as the Kota Kinabalu Central Business District or Kota Kinabalu City Center. Kota Kinabalu lies on the west coast of Sabah facing South China Sea, there is only a narrow plain between the sea and Crocker Range throughout most of the western coast of Sabah. The development is concentrated along the coast towards the north and south of Kota Kinabalu. The population of Greater Kota Kinabalu is 629,943, which includes Kota Kinabalu, Putatan, if Tuaran and Papar are included, the population is 837,694. All five districts in the region together with the districts of Kota Belud, the following is the total population by administrative districts based on the official 2010 national census
Malaysia
Sabah
