1.
Ballardvale (MBTA station)
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Ballardvale is a passenger rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Haverhill Line. It is officially located at 195 Andover Street in Andover, Massachusetts, parking is available on the northeast side of this wye and on the northeast corner of the grade crossing with Andover Street. Ballardvale Station was originally built in 1876 by the Boston and Maine Railroad and was located between 174-176 Andover Street, the old station house is now a private residence. Media related to Ballardvale at Wikimedia Commons MBTA - Ballardvale Haverhill Line schedule Station from Andover Street from Google Maps Street View
2.
Regional rail
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Regional rail, also known as local trains and stopping trains, are passenger rail services that operate between towns and cities. These trains operate with more stops over shorter distances than inter-city rail, regional rail normally operates with an even service load throughout the day, although slightly increased services may be provided during rush-hour. The service is less oriented around bringing commuters to the urban centers, other regional rail services operate between two large urban areas, but make many intermediate stops. The main difference between regional rail and commuter rail is that the latter is focused on moving people between where they live and where work on a daily basis. Regional rail operates outside major cities, unlike inter-city, it stops at most or all stations. It provides a service between smaller communities along the line, and also connections with long-distance services, regional rail typically operates throughout the day but often at low frequency, whereas commuter rail provides a high-frequency service within a conurbation. Regional rail services are less likely to be profitable than inter-city. This is justified on social or environmental grounds, and because regional rail services often act as feeders for more profitable inter-city lines. Since their invention, the distinction between regional and long-distance rail has also commonly been the use of propulsion, with longer-distance trains tending to be locomotive-hauled. Not using a locomotive also provides greater passenger capacity in the role at peak periods. There are of course trains that are something in between regional and inter-city, like the Oresundtrain with stopping pattern like a train and pass prices attracting work commuters. This list describes the used for regional rail in various countries. Train categories in Europe Passenger rail terminology
3.
New England
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New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south, the Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Its largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester, Manchester, ten years later, more Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in North America. In 1692, the town of Salem, Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced one of the most infamous cases of hysteria in the history of the Western Hemisphere. The Boston Tea Party was a protest to which Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government, the confrontation led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776. Each state is subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns. The only unincorporated areas in the region exist in the populated northern regions of Vermont, New Hampshire. The region is one of the U. S. Census Bureaus nine regional divisions, the earliest known inhabitants of New England were American Indians who spoke a variety of the Eastern Algonquian languages. Prominent tribes included the Abenaki, Mikmaq, Penobscot, Pequot, Mohegans, Narragansett Indians, Pocumtuck, prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Western Abenakis inhabited New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as parts of Quebec and western Maine. Their principal town was Norridgewock in present-day Maine, the Penobscot lived along the Penobscot River in Maine. The Narragansett and smaller tribes under Narragansett sovereignty lived in most of modern-day Rhode Island, west of Narragansett Bay, the Wampanoag occupied southeastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the islands of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket. The Pocumtucks lived in Western Massachusetts, and the Mohegan and Pequot tribes in the Connecticut region, the Connecticut River Valley includes parts of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and linked different indigenous communities culturally, linguistically, and politically. As early as 1600, French, Dutch, and English traders began exploring the New World, trading metal, glass, on April 10,1606, King James I of England issued a charter for each of the Virginia Companies, London and Plymouth. These were privately funded ventures, intended to land for England, conduct trade. In 1620, Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts was settled by Pilgrims from the Mayflower, in 1616, English explorer John Smith named the region New England. As the first colonists arrived in Plymouth, they wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact, the Massachusetts Bay Colony came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629 with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630. Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut as early as 1633, roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence Plantation in the area that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636
4.
Flying Yankee
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The lightweight train was constructed with welded stainless steel using Budds patented process. The engine was an 8-cylinder Winton 201-A diesel, driving a generator and it was fitted with air conditioning in all cars. No dining car was provided, instead, meals were prepared in a galley, the train was delivered in February 1935, and toured the BM-MEC railroad system before entering service on April 1. This schedule was six days a week, the trainset spent Sundays undergoing maintenance. The train proved extremely successful, attracting new ridership and earning a profit for its owners. Later on, as newer equipment replaced it on one route, it would be switched to other routes, bearing the names The Cheshire, The Minuteman, The Mountaineer, and The Business Man. As railroad passenger ridership declined in the 1950s the Yankee was also getting old, the railroad donated the trainset to the Edaville Railroad tourist/museum operation in Carver, Massachusetts. The train remained on display there for about 40 years until it was moved in the early 1990s to Glen, New Hampshire after being purchased by the late Bob Morrell. In 1997, the train was moved to the Claremont Concord Railroads shops in Claremont, New Hampshire for a restoration once purchased by the State of New Hampshire. By 2004, the structural restoration had been completed. The eventual goal is to restore the train completely to running condition, the train was moved to Lincoln, New Hampshire, on August 10,2005, to the Hobo Railroad where the mechanical restoration is taking place. Most of the route is currently operated by Amtraks Downeaster. However, the modern Amtrak service only runs as far north as Brunswick, Maine, HO scale Orion Models/NJ Custom Brass. Available in both 3 rail AC and 2 rail DC power, scale model, not selectively compressed Lionel. Colquhoun, Lorna, New Hampshire Union Leader, Flying Yankee rolls into Hobo Railroad, lindblade, Carl E. and The Flying Yankee Restoration Group. The Story of the Flying Yankee, retrieved from http, //www. flyingyankee. com/history. html on December 19,2004 Pinkepank, Jerry A. The Flying Yankee Restoration Group - The organization that is undertaking the trains complete restoration
5.
Speed Merchant (train)
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The Speed Merchant was a named train of the Boston and Maine Railroad, between Boston, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine. The Speed Merchant was purchased by the Patrick B, the train consisted of five sections, each made up of three short cars articulated together. The center car of each section had two axles, with the cars having a single axle each, being supported by adjacent cars at the end opposite the axle. The ride was rough, as with most of the other trains of the period. Boston and Maine Railroad Talgo Train Downeaster, the Amtrak train that runs between Boston and Portland John Quincy Adams Kirkland, John F. The Diesel Builders Volume 1, Fairbanks-Morse and Lima-Hamilton
6.
Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
7.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
8.
Brunswick, Maine
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Brunswick is a town in Cumberland County in southeastern Maine, United States. The population was 20,278 at the 2010 United States Census and it is also home to Mid Coast Hospital, one of Maines newest full-service hospitals, and Parkview Adventist Medical Center that closed in 2015 after filing for bankruptcy. It was home to Naval Air Station Brunswick which was closed on May 31,2011. Settled in 1628 by Thomas Purchase and other fishermen, the area was called by its Indian name, Pejepscot, meaning the long, in 1639, Purchase placed his settlement under protection of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During King Philips War in 1676, Pejepscot was burned and abandoned, during the war, in Major Benjamin Churchs second expedition a year later, he arrived on 11 September 1690 with 300 men at Casco Bay. He went up the Androscoggin River to the English Fort Pejepscot, from there he went 40 miles up-river and attacked a native village. Three or four men were shot in retreat, when Church discovered 5 English captives in the wigwams, six or seven prisoners were butchered as an example. A few days later, in retaliation, the natives attacked Church at Cape Elizabeth on Purpooduc Point, killing 7 of his men, on September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth brought peace to the region between the Abenaki Indians and the English colonists, in 1714, a consortium from Boston and Portsmouth bought the land, thereafter called the Pejepscot Purchase. The Massachusetts General Court constituted the township in 1717, naming it Brunswick in honor of the House of Brunswick and its scion, a stone fort called Fort George was built in 1715 near the falls. But during Dummers War on July 13,1722, Abenaki warriors from Norridgewock burned the village, consequently, Governor Samuel Shute declared war on the Abenakis. In 1724,208 English troops left Fort Richmond and sacked Norridgewock during Dummers War, Brunswick was rebuilt again in 1727, and in 1739 incorporated as a town. It became a seaport, where Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794. The Androscoggin River falls in three stages for a total vertical drop of 41 feet, providing water power for industry. Brunswick became a producer of lumber, with as many as 25 sawmills. Some of the lumber went into shipbuilding, other firms produced paper, soap, flour, marble and granite work, carriages and harness, plows, furniture, shoes and confections. The town was site of the first cotton mill in Maine, purchased in 1812, the mill was enlarged by the Maine Cotton & Woolen Factory Company. In 1857, the Cabot Manufacturing Company was established to make cotton textiles and it bought the failed Worumbo Mill and expanded the brick factory along the falls
9.
Travel class
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A travel class is a quality of accommodation on public transport. The accommodation could be a seat or a cabin for example, higher travel classes are designed to be more comfortable and are typically more expensive. While an airline may only have two or three classes of service, they use approximately ten to fifteen different booking codes in order to control the amount of each fare level sold. The booking code used by airlines and agents is typically, the first letter of the fare basis shown on the ticket, historically, airlines only used a few codes, and these were almost identical across the industry. Typical examples were F or P for First Class, J or C for Business, with the advent of cheaper fares and more frequent travel, airlines increased the number of available fare types and the number of booking codes required to differentiate among them. There is now no industry standard with regard to airline booking codes, most low-cost carriers have greatly simplified the fare classes they use to only a few codes, unlike full-service airlines, which use many more. In Mexico, bus services often have designated levels of service, the top of which is de lujo or clase lujo, followed by plus clase, primera clase, and segunda clase. Before cruise ships dominated the passenger trade, ocean liners had classes of service, often categorized as First Class, Second Class. Companies such as Cunard Line continue this tradition, offering Queens Grill, Princess Grill and Britannia cabins, each of which have their own allocated lounges, trains often have first class and second class. For trains with sleeping accommodations, there may be levels of luxury. Prior to 1949, most railway bureaus had a three-class structure, as with most contemporary cases, few people could afford first class or even second class, so at times there would be no first class or second class service available in some trains. Some went as far as offering a fourth class service with goods wagons, in 1949, the first Limited Express with Reserved Seating appeared with the Railway Bureau of Taiwan, and it offered a three-class service, inherited locally from Japanese colonial rule. This structure was the norm for all trains, normal or express, in 1953, the Equality Express was introduced with second class carriages only. Eventually, all save for the sole Limited Express offered only second class service. This resulted in the quality of service being associated with the speed of the train, the Diesel Limited Express was introduced in 1956 with one class only. In 1960, with the reforming of Limited Expresses, all passenger trains officially offered only one class, therefore, all expresses had only second class carriages and other trains only third class. As time passes, more types of carriages were introduced, there are generally two classes, known as first class and second class, or the equivalent in the local language. The three-tier class structure was abolished on most European railways in the 1950s in favor of a two-tier structure, trains in Great Britain provide a two-tier class structure, with the higher tier called first class
10.
Rolling stock
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The term rolling stock originally referred to any vehicles that move on a railway. It has since expanded to include the vehicles used by businesses on roadways. It usually includes both powered and unpowered vehicles, for locomotives, railroad cars, coaches, and wagons. Rolling stock is considered to be an asset, or close to it, since the value of the vehicle can be readily estimated. The term contrasts with fixed stock, which is a term for the track, signals, stations, other buildings, electric wires. In Great Britain, types of rolling stock were given code names and these codes were telegraphese, somewhat analogous to the SMS language of today. List of railway vehicles Great Western Railway telegraphic codes Great Western Railway wagons The dictionary definition of rolling stock at Wiktionary
11.
Amfleet
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Amfleet is a fleet of single-level intercity railroad passenger cars built by the Budd Company for American company Amtrak in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Budd based the Amfleet design on its earlier Metroliner electric multiple unit, the Amfleets were the first new locomotive-hauled intercity cars ordered by Amtrak and the first such cars built in the United States since 1965. The introduction in the led to improved reliability for Amtraks trains. As of 2015, Amfleet cars are used extensively in the eastern and mid-western United States, Amtrak assumed control of almost all private sector intercity passenger rail service in the United States on May 1,1971, with a mandate to reverse decades of decline. Amtrak retained approximately 184 of the 440 trains which had run the day before, to operate these trains, Amtrak inherited a fleet of 300 locomotives and 1190 passenger cars, most of which dated from the 1940s–1950s. These cars were aging, in need of maintenance, and in many cases incompatible with each other, Amtrak recognized the need and opportunity to standardize on a single design. An important exception was the Budd Metroliner electric multiple unit and this fleet of 61 cars had begun operation on the Northeast Corridor in 1969 under Penn Central and quickly gained acceptance with the traveling public, despite various engineering problems. Writing in the mid-1970s, railroad historian John H. White Jr. described them as Amtraks brightest star, in 1973 Budd still had the tooling in place from the Metroliner order, meaning that any new order derived from that design could begin almost at once. As designed the Amfleet I cars could operate at speeds up to 120 mph, both the Amfleet I and Amfleet II are now rated for 125 mph. Electric heating and air conditioning, operated by power from the locomotive, are used to maintain passenger comfort. An Amfleet car is 12 feet 8 inches tall,10 feet 6 inches wide, the car body itself is built up from spot-welded stainless steel sections. The Budd Pioneer trucks have dual disc brakes on each axle, the wheels have a diameter of 36 inches. The interior design recalled contemporary jet airliners, in common with airliners the cars featured narrow windows, which inhibited sight-seeing. The windows on the Amfleet Is were 18 by 64 inches, another factor in choosing small windows was the high incidence of rocks thrown at train windows in the 1970s. Reinforcing the impression of traveling in an airliner, the seats themselves were built by the Amirail division of Aircraft Mechanics Inc. Amfleet I cars can be identified by having vestibules at both ends of the cars, Amfleet II cars have a single vestibule, the Amfleet I has chemical flush toilets, while the Amfleet II has retention toilets. All Amfleet cars have trapdoors, permitting their use at both high- and low-level platforms, the distance from the rail to the bottom step is 17 inches, to the floor level 51 1⁄2 inches. Budd built 361 Amfleet I coaches,90 were configured for use and 271 for short-distance use
12.
Track gauge
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In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide
13.
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority is the public agency responsible for operating most public transportation services in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Earlier modes of transportation in Boston were independently owned and operated. In 2008, the system averaged 1.3 million passenger trips each weekday, of which the subway averaged 598,200, making it the fourth-busiest subway system in the United States. Further, the Green Line and Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line comprise the busiest light-rail system in the U. S. with a ridership of 255,100. The MBTA is the largest consumer of electricity in Massachusetts, in 2007, its CNG bus fleet was the largest consumer of alternative fuels in the state. The MBTA operates an independent law enforcement agency, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police, development of mass transportation both followed and shaped economic and population patterns. This marked the beginning of the development of American intercity railroads, which in Massachusetts would later become the MBTA Commuter Rail system, starting with the opening of the Cambridge Railroad on March 26,1856, a profusion of streetcar lines appeared in Boston under chartered companies. Despite the change of companies, Boston is the city with the oldest continuously working streetcar system in the world, many of these companies consolidated, and animal-drawn vehicles were converted to electric propulsion. Streetcar congestion in downtown Boston led to the subways in 1897, the Tremont Street Subway was the first rapid transit tunnel in the United States. Grade-separation added capacity and avoided delays caused by cross streets, various extensions and branches were added at both ends, bypassing more surface tracks. As grade-separated lines were extended, street-running lines were cut back for faster downtown service, however, the Green Lines Causeway Street Elevated remained in service until 2004, when it was relocated into a tunnel with an incline to reconnect to the Lechmere Viaduct. The Boston Elevated Railway started replacing trains with buses in 1922, in 1936, it started replacing rail with trackless trolleys. The last Middlesex & Boston Street Railway streetcar ran in 1930, by the beginning of 1953, the only remaining streetcar lines fed two tunnels—the main Tremont Street Subway network downtown and the short tunnel in Harvard Square. The old elevated railways proved to be an eyesore and required several sharp curves in Bostons twisty streets, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated was closed in 1938 amidst declining ridership and was demolished in 1942. As rail passenger service became unprofitable, largely due to rising automobile ownership. The MTA purchased and took over subway, elevated, streetcar, in the 1950s, the MTA ran new subway extensions, while the last two streetcar lines running into the Pleasant Street Portal of the Tremont Street Subway were substituted with buses in 1953 and 1962. While the operations of the MTA were relatively stable by the early 1960s, the 1945 Coolidge Commission plan assumed that most of the commuter rail lines would be replaced by shorter rapid transit extensions, or simply feed into them at reduced service levels. Passenger service on the entire Old Colony Railroad system serving the part of the state was abandoned by the New Haven Railroad in 1959
14.
Pan Am Railways
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Pan Am Railways is headquartered in Iron Horse Park in North Billerica, Massachusetts. It is a subsidiary of Portsmouth, New Hampshire-based Pan Am Systems, Guilford bought the name, colors and logo of Pan American World Airways in 1998. During much of the century, heavy manufacturing industry tended to move out of New England. Originating freight or carrying it long distance are far more profitable than final delivery or short haul, New Englands railroads have long been handicapped by a traffic flow that makes them delivery agents for other railroads and by short distances. Dumaine, Jr. president at various times of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, the benefits of such a merger would include economies of scale and longer hauls. Mellon wanted to acquire a railroad and considered several, Illinois Central Railroad, none of those ventures panned out, but Mellons interest in railroads continued. In June 1981, Mellon purchased MEC and its wholly owned subsidiary Portland Terminal Company through his holding company, Guilford Transportation Industries. The D&H made an extension to the Guilford system —. D&H was surrounded by Conrail and not doing well, the state of New York, which had financed much of D&Hs rehabilitation program, approached Guilford about acquiring the railroad. In October 1981, the Norfolk & Western Railway, which owned D&H through a holding company. The purchase was completed at the beginning of 1984, by the time the Guilford system was formed, the one-time multiplicity of connecting railroads had become a single, healthy, well-managed railroad, Conrail. Any New England-bound traffic Conrail originated would move as far as possible on Conrail before being handed over to Guilford, the Guilford remained a short-haul, terminating railroad. Guilfords first few years were defined by abandonments, labor unrest and strikes, the railroad struggled financially to turn a profit and implemented cost-cutting measures. Guilford then began to shrink its system by eliminating marginal low-density routes, MECs Mountain Division from Portland, Maine, to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, carried almost no local traffic and served only to give MEC a connection with a railroad other than B&M. A section in New Hampshire was salvaged and reborn as the Conway Scenic Railroad, similarly, the only business on MECs Calais Branch from Bangor to Calais, Maine, was at the extreme eastern end, which could be reached by CP. Service on most of the branch was discontinued, and the line was sold to the Maine Department of Transportation. The remaining service in Calais serves a pulp mill in Woodland and is operated by ST, the remaining 85-mile Ellsworth-Calais segment was leased to the Downeast Sunrise Trail, an interim rail trail. Guilford announced layoffs, shop closings, and pay cuts, MECs maintenance workers went on strike in March 1986, and the strike spread to B&M and D&H
15.
Rockland Branch
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The Rockland Branch is a railroad from Brunswick, Maine to Rockland, Maine. A charter was granted in 1849 to build a railway from the Portland, construction through the rocky headlands of the Atlantic coast proved more expensive than anticipated. The Knox and Lincoln Railroad commenced service to Rockland in 1871 using a ferry to cross the Kennebec River between Bath and Woolwich, the Knox and Lincoln was leased by Maine Central Railroad in 1891, and became Maine Centrals Rockland Branch in 1901. Maine Central purchased the Samoset destination hotel in nearby Glen Cove in 1912, carlton bridge was completed in 1927 to carry the railroad and U. S. Route 1 over the Kennebec River. Maine Central sold the Samoset hotel in 1941, and the last Maine Central passenger train to Rockland was on 4 April 1959, the State of Maine purchased the branch in 1987 to prevent abandonment. The line has subsequently operated by the Maine Coast Railroad, the Maine Eastern Railroad, and, beginning in 2016
16.
Brunswick Maine Street Station
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Brunswick Maine Street Station or Brunswick Station is a multi-modal, multi-use real estate development in the middle of Brunswick, Maine, located on Maine Street. It consists of offices, service centers, healthcare, retail, restaurants, theater. Brunswick Station is also a hub for city buses, taxis. The development is split into two parts, the West and East sides, the west side will consist mostly of residential apartments and homes, along with some retail and commercial office space. The east side consists of retail and commercial office space. The east side is also the location of the train station. This development was built on the vacant lots surrounding the junction between Portland, Lewiston, Augusta, and Rockland. The first steps of the project began on August 20,1998, not until 2004 did the town begin to consider creating a commercial development around a train station. On May 28,2008, the board approved the final plan for Maine Street Station. The plan, developed by JHR Development of Maine, was submitted on January 15,2008, the current plan was scaled down from the original proposal. Ground was broken for the station on October 18,2008, a branch of the Bowdoin College bookstore opened in one of the buildings constructed as part of phase I of the development on October 30,2009. Construction of Building Three was completed in 2009, along with work and preparation for the other buildings, including Building Four. In December 2010, construction began on Building Four, mid Coast Hospitals Primary Care & Walk-In Clinic is the anchor tenant in this 20,000 square feet development. Pan Am Railways began work on the line in spring 2010, the station serves as a terminus for Amtraks Downeaster service. The station is staffed by volunteers, in 2012, Amtrak built a longer high-level platform in preparation for the extension of Downeaster service. Service to Freeport and Brunswick began on November 1,2012, Maine Eastern Railroad operated passenger service between Brunswick and Rockland from 2004 to 2015
17.
Freeport station (Maine)
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Freeport is a passenger rail station in Freeport, Maine, which is located on Amtraks Downeaster line. The Downeaster operates from North Station in Boston to Brunswick Maine Street Station in Brunswick, Maine, via the Portland Transportation Center in Portland, Freeport was part of a $38.3 million project to rehabilitate 30 miles of track between Portland and Brunswick. Most of the came from the federal government with an additional $500,000 of state money spent on platforms on Freeport. The first official service to the station was on November 1,2012, media related to Freeport station at Wikimedia Commons
18.
Portland Transportation Center
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Portland Transportation Center is a bus and train station in Portland, Maine, served and run primarily by Concord Coach Lines and Amtrak Downeaster passenger trains. It is also served by Megabus, as well as the Greater Portland Metro Bus Route 1, the station is open from 4,30 AM to 12,15 AM and from 2,45 AM to 3,15 AM. On average, nearly 500 passengers boarded or detrained Amtrak services daily at Portland in fiscal year 2010, Portland Transportation Center is located in Portlands Libbytown neighborhood, about a half mile west of the former Portland Union Station. It is located next to Pan Am Railways Mountain Branch, formerly the Mountain Division of the Maine Central Railroad
19.
Wells Regional Transportation Center
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Wells Regional Transportation Center is a train station in Wells, Maine served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system, and other transportation providers. It is owned by The Town of Wells, the train platforms were constructed during the summer and fall of 2001, and were improved over the next six months. The station was built during the spring and summer of 2002, the station is served five times daily by Amtraks Downeaster service, and sees an average of about 135 rail passengers each day, making it the second-busiest stop in Maine after Portland. The station, which is open 24 hours, has a Quik-Trak machine, ATM, pay phone, restrooms, snack and beverage vending machines, visitor information, and bicycle racks. The station sits next to the Pan Am Railways mainline, formerly the Western Route mainline of the Boston & Maine Railroad, media related to Wells Regional Transportation Center at Wikimedia Commons Amtrak – Stations – Wells, ME Wells Amtrak Station
20.
Maine
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Maine is the northernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the U. S. states and territories and it is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the north. Maine is the easternmost state in the contiguous United States, and it is known for its jagged, rocky coastline, low, rolling mountains, heavily forested interior, and picturesque waterways, and also its seafood cuisine, especially clams and lobster. There is a continental climate throughout the state, even in areas such as its most populous city of Portland. For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European arrival in what is now Maine, the first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607, as Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maines territory during the American Revolution, Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become an independent state. On March 15,1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise, there is no definitive explanation for the origin of the name Maine, but the most likely origin is the name given by early explorers after a province in France. Whatever the origin, the name was fixed for English settlers in 1665 when the English Kings Commissioners ordered that the Province of Maine be entered from then on in official records. The state legislature in 2001 adopted a resolution establishing Franco-American Day, other theories mention earlier places with similar names, or claim it is a nautical reference to the mainland. Attempts to uncover the history of the name of Maine began with James Sullivans 1795 History of the District of Maine. He made the allegation that the Province of Maine was a compliment to the queen of Charles I, Henrietta Maria. MAINE appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 in reference to the county of Dorset, the view generally held among British place name scholars is that Mayne in Dorset is Brythonic, corresponding to modern Welsh maen, plural main or meini. Some early spellings are, MAINE1086, MEINE1200, MEINES1204, mason had served with the Royal Navy in the Orkney Islands where the chief island is called Mainland, a possible name derivation for these English sailors. Initially, several tracts along the coast of New England were referred to as Main or Maine, Maine is the only state whose name has exactly one syllable. The original inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine were Algonquian-speaking Wabanaki peoples, including the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Penobscot, who had a loose confederacy. European contact with what is now called Maine started around 1200 CE when Norwegians interacted with the native Penobscot in present-day Hancock County, most likely through trade
21.
New Hampshire
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New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. Concord is the capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont. It has no sales tax, nor is personal income taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U. S. presidential election cycle and its license plates carry the state motto, Live Free or Die. The states nickname, The Granite State, refers to its extensive granite formations, the state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire is part of the New England region and it is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshires major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U. S. coastal state, New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Major rivers include the 110-mile Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south and ends up in Newburyport and its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshires Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, only one town – Pittsburg – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the Canada–U. S, the Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the states only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine, the U. S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however, the largest of New Hampshires lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles, is a distant second, Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. It is the state with the highest percentage of area in the country. New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests
22.
Dover Transportation Center
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Dover Transportation Center is a train station in Dover, New Hampshire, United States, served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. Despite the station houses old-fashioned appearance, it was built in 2001. The station is served ten times daily by Amtraks Downeaster service, the station is located at 33 Chestnut Street in Dover, next to the Pan Am Railways mainline, formerly the Western Route mainline of the Boston & Maine Railroad. This service ended on 30 June 1967, leaving Dover without passenger service until the start of Downeaster service in 2001. Bus service is provided by COAST to locations within Dover and the Seacoast Region of New Hampshire as well as UNH Wildcat Transit to Durham, the Dover station has volunteer Station Hosts organized by TrainRiders/Northeast. Station hosts serve to greet travelers and assist them as needed, media related to Dover Transportation Center at Wikimedia Commons Amtrak – Stations – Dover, NH Dover Amtrak Station Dover, NH
23.
Exeter station (New Hampshire)
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Exeter is an Amtrak train station in Exeter, New Hampshire. The station is a platform that replaced a station built in 1891. The station is served five times daily by Amtraks Downeaster service, on average,230 passengers board or detrain daily, making it the busiest stop in New Hampshire. The station is located next to the Pan Am Railways mainline, media related to Exeter at Wikimedia Commons Amtrak – Stations – Exeter, NH Exeter Amtrak Station & Old Exeter Station Exeter, NH
24.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
25.
Haverhill station (Massachusetts)
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Haverhill is an intercity and regional rail station located in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts. It is served by Amtraks Downeaster service and the MBTA Commuter Rail Haverhill/Reading Line, of the eleven Amtrak stations in Massachusetts, Haverhill was the sixth busiest in FY2015, boarding or detraining an average of approximately 100 passengers daily. The Boston and Portland Railroad opened to Haverhill in 1840, it was merged into the Boston, a freight house was built soon after, and a second freight house in 1870, both structures are still extant. The B&M built a new station in 1905 as part of a grade crossing elimination project. On January 3,1965, the B&M discontinued all intercity service past Haverhill, on June 30,1967, that trip was curtailed to Haverhill, Haverhill and several towns to the south paid to retain the single trip. North Andover stopped funding in 1974 and Andover in 1975, Haverhill withdrew support, after a three-year period with no rail service, the current station opened on December 17,1979 when the MBTA funded a return of several daily round trips. Although the station has 2 tracks and platforms, the inbound track, all trains use the inbound track and platform as of September 2016. Haverhill is one of two hubs for MVRTA fixed-route local bus service
26.
Haverhill Line
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A station stop also exists at Oak Grove in Malden, but this stop is only used when Orange Line rapid transit service is disrupted. Until 1959, the Boston and Maine Railroad operated commuter service along its Western Route from Haverhill, Salem Street stop on the Wildcat Branch opened to replace North Wilmington on the mainline. The MBTA was formed in August 1964 to consolidate and fund Bostons transit system, in December 1964 the MBTA signed a contract to subsidize B&M commuter service within the MBTA funding district. On January 4, the B&M discontinued most interstate service, with a round trip to Dover. On January 18, the B&M cut back service to the MBTA-subsidized area. The Wakefield Junction stop on the Reading Line was discontinued at this time, on June 30,1967, the B&M ended all interstate service. The Dover trip was cut back to Haverhill, funded by the towns of Haverhill, North Andover, Lawrence, the Salem Street stop was discontinued at this time. A single track was retained for Reading Line service to Melrose, Wakefield, the towns along the single Haverhill trip dropped funding one by one. Service to North Andover ended in November 1974, and to Shawsheen, Andover, the round trip, by then stopping just at Lawrence, Bradford and Haverhill, was ended in June 1976. The MBTA bought all B&M commuter equipment and lines on December 27,1976, despite the passenger cutbacks, the upper Western Route remained in use by freight. Weekday service was restored to Haverhill via Reading with funding from the Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority on December 17,1979, Station stops resumed at North Wilmington, Ballardvale, Andover, Shawsheen, Lawrence, Bradford, and Haverhill but not North Andover. Weekend service to Haverhill began on April 27,1980, on January 20,1984, a fire destroyed the wooden trestles approaching the Charles River Bridge. Haverhill/Reading Line trains ran to the platform at Oak Grove for transfer to the Orange Line during the disruption. Oak Grove was discontinued as a stop when North Station and the drawbridges reopened on April 20,1985. On December 14,2001, Amtraks Downeaster service began operating from Boston to Portland, the Downeaster runs via the lower Lowell Line and the Wildcat Branch then the Western Route, with a stop at Haverhill. Around this time, some rush-hour Haverhill trains began using the Wildcat Branch to avoid interference from Reading local trains, on December 5,2005, the new McGovern Transportation Center replaced the old Lawrence station. The line will be shut down on weekends in September through December 2017 for the installation of Positive Train Control equipment in order to meet a 2020 federal deadline, in early 2009, the MBTA began planning the addition of double track between Reading and Ballardvale that summer. The double tracking will increase capacity on the section of the line shared with freight service, increasing reliability, work started in April 2010, a groundbreaking was held in May 2010 with completion then estimated for February 2012
27.
Wildcat Branch
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The Wildcat Branch is a single track railroad branch line which connects the MBTA Lowell Line in Wilmington, Massachusetts to the MBTA Haverhill Line at Wilmington Junction. The total length of the line from the connection with the Lowell Line to the merge with the Haverhill Line is 2.88 miles. It was operated from 1836 to 1848, then rebuilt in 1874 and it is not known where the name Wildcat came from, but the entire length of the current branch line is within the town of Wilmington. The Boston and Lowell Railroad was chartered on June 5,1830, on March 15,1833, while the B&L was under construction, the Andover and Wilmington Railroad was incorporated to build a branch line from Wilmington to Andover. The A&W opened on August 8,1836, it became the Andover & Haverhill Railroad which was merged into the nascent Boston. By 1843 the B&M ran from Wilmington to Portland, Maine, however, the B&M opened a new route from Wilmington Junction to Boston via Reading in July 1845, thus negating the need for the original line between Wilmington and Wilmington Junction. The B&L operated the line for three years, its abandonment in 1848 was the first railroad abandonment in New England, in 1874, the B&L rebuilt the line, some sections are on the original grade, while others are slightly west. Rather than connecting to the B&M mainline, this Wilmington Branch paralleled the Western Route to a new Wilmington Junction station at the junction with the Salem and this gave the B&L a route to Lowell via the S&L and the Lowell and Lawrence Railroad. The B&L was merged into the B&M at the end of the 19th century and it still connects to the Western Route at Wilmington Junction and runs parallel to it for half a mile. On June 14,1959, the B&M introduced a series of service cutbacks, the Western Route was abandoned from Reading to Wilmington Junction, all service to Haverhill and beyond was rerouted via the Wilmington Branch. North Wilmington on the Western Route was replaced with Salem Street station, Salem Street was closed on June 30,1967, as the B&M cut all service on the line except for a single round trip to Haverhill. That single trip was cut in June 1976, the MBTA bought the B&M commuter rail assets, including the Wildcat Branch, on December 27,1976. The Reading line was re-extended to Haverhill as the Haverhill/Reading Line on December 17,1979, amtrak Downeaster service to Maine began on December 14,2001, all Downeaster service uses the Wildcat except during service disruptions such as construction. Media related to Wildcat Branch at Wikimedia Commons
28.
Lowell Line
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The Lowell Line is a railroad line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running north from Boston to Lowell, Massachusetts. All stations are wheelchair accessible except for West Medford, Winchester Center, the Boston & Lowell Railroad started freight operations in 1835, with traffic from the Lowell mills to the Boston port. Demand for the passenger service exceeded expectations, and in 1842 local service was added as well. The line north of Lowell was first owned by the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad, trackage was completed as far as Wells River, Vermont, in 1853. The Boston & Maine Railroad acquired the railroad in 1895, the line served as the route for Boston to Montreal service during the Golden Age of Rail. The Ambassador, the train from Bostons North Station to Montreal, ran through Concord, New Hampshire and this line, along with the New Englander, via Concord, White River Junction, Montpelier, ran through the northwestern section of Vermont prior to entering Quebec, Canada. The Alouette and Red Wing trains travelled to Montreal via Concord, Wells River, for this itinerary the Montreal route was marketed as an Air-line railroad. B&M passenger service to Boston on the line was shortened from Nashua, in 1973 the MBTA bought the Lowell line, along with the Haverhill and all other local Greater Boston passenger lines. Along with the sale, the B&M contracted to run the service on the Lowell line for the MBTA. It emerged from the courts protection when newly formed Guilford Transportation Industries purchased it in 1983, for approximately thirteen months in 1980-81, daily passenger service was provided to Concord. Two round-trips were operated on weekday and one on weekend days. Originally, there were stops in Manchester and Nashua. A stop in Merrimack was added later, service was discontinued when federal funding was withdrawn. In 2001, the Amtrak Downeaster began operating over the south of Wilmington. The line will be shut down on weekends in July through September 2017 for the installation of Positive Train Control equipment in order to meet a 2020 federal deadline. In January 2011, a bill was introduced into the New Hampshire legislature to end the proposed extension, the MBTA is currently building the Green Line Extension through Somerville and part of Medford. One branch of the Extension will follow the right of way of the Lowell Line into Medford, several stations once existed along that section of the line, but none are in operation any longer. North of Wilmington, the line is authorized for a maximum of 60 miles per hour, south of Wilmington, the line has an unusual asymmetrical speed limit
29.
Anderson Regional Transportation Center
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Anderson Regional Transportation Center is a train and bus station located at 100 Atlantic Avenue, off Commerce Way, in Woburn, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. It can be accessed from Exit 37C off Interstate 93 or the Washington Street exit off Interstate 95/Route 128 and it opened on April 28,2001, replacing nearby Mishawum as Woburns main Amtrak and MBTA station. It was named in memory of James R. Jimmy Anderson, of the eleven Amtrak stations in Massachusetts, Woburn was the seventh busiest in FY2010, boarding or detraining an average of approximately 40 passengers daily. The station and the surrounding area was redeveloped from the Industri-Plex Superfund site. The site is a chemical and glue manufacturing facility. Industri-Plex was used for manufacturing such as lead-arsenic insecticides, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid for local textile, leather. Chemicals manufactured by other industries at the site include phenol, benzene, Industri-Plex was also used to manufacture glue from raw animal hide and chrome-tanned hide wastes from 1934 to 1969. The by-products and residues from these industries caused the soils within the site to become contaminated with elevated levels of metals, such as arsenic, lead, during the 1970s, the site was redeveloped for industrial use. Excavations uncovered and mixed industrial by-products and wastes accumulated over 130 years, during this period, residues from animal hide wastes used in the manufacture of glue were relocated on-site from buried pits to piles near swampy areas on the property. Many of the animal hide piles and lagoons on-site were leaching toxic metals into the environment, in the 1980s, the site contained streams and ponds, a warehouse and office buildings, remnant manufacturing buildings, and hide waste deposits buried on the site. The site was cleaned up using the technique, in which an impermeable layer seals the top of the hazardous waste site. Massport operates Logan Express bus service from the station directly to to Logan Airport terminals, Logan Express service moved from Mishawum to Anderson RTC on April 8,2001, three weeks ahead of rail service. The move doubled Logan Express parking available in Woburn from 450 spaces to 900, several other connecting services have previously been run. Beginning in June 2005, the Route 128 Business Council ran a Metro North Shuttle from the station to Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, the service was discontinued in July 2006 due to poor ridership and a loss of state funding. In November 2006, the Manchester-Boston Regional Airport began a service between the airport and Anderson station, free to ticketed airline passengers. There are separate parking lots for parking and for commuter rail parking. The former is intended for airport and Amtrak customers and is more expensive, the Massport lot has 875 spaces and the MBTA lot has 1,500 spaces. MBTA Anderson/Woburn station information Amtrak – Stations – Woburn, MA Woburn, MA Station from Google Maps Street View
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North Station
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North Station is a major transportation hub located at Causeway and Nashua Streets in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is one of the two inbound terminals for Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail trains, the other being South Station. No direct link exists between the two stations, although MBTA subway connections are available, additionally, transfers from the Fitchburg Line to the South Station lines can be made at Porter, a one-seat ride on the Red Line. A North–South Rail Link is proposed to link North and South Stations, Station on the Boston subways Orange Line and Green Line North Station is wheelchair accessible on all modes. There is a connection between the inbound Orange Line and the inbound Green Line, transferring in other directions is accessible. All other Orange Line stations are accessible as well, but not all Green Line stations are wheelchair accessible, most major stations on the MBTA Commuter Rail routes are accessible with full-length high or mini-high platforms, but some stations are not accessible. All Downeaster stations are accessible with high platforms or low platforms with wheelchair lifts, the EZRide Shuttle loops on Red Auerbach Way with a stop near the secondary entrance to North Station. Lovejoy Wharf, located off Beverly Street northeast of North Station, is the furthest upstream that regular water transport is available on the Charles River due to the adjacent Charles River Dam. It is served by water taxi services to Logan Airport and the Boston waterfront by two private companies, scheduled ferry service was formerly operated to Lovejoy Wharf as well. Two MBTA Boat routes - the F3 Lovejoy Wharf - Boston Navy Yard and they were discontinued on January 21,2005 due to low ridership. The F5X Lovejoy Wharf - World Trade Center Express route, which did not rely on MBTA funding, was run until February 24,2006 and this approach was later used by the Green Line and Orange Line. The other three were all on the side of Causeway Street, with the first two in the area where North Station is now. The Boston and Lowell Railroad terminal was on the east side of Nashua Street, next was the Eastern Railroad terminal, across Causeway Street from Friend Street. The Fitchburg Railroad station was on the side of the Boston and Maine Railroad approach, right next to Beverly Street. Just south of North Station was the Canal Street Incline through which the Green Line, the Tremont Street Subway was extended north from Park Street in 1898. It rose to the surface at the Canal Street Incline, with a terminal at Causeway Street. The Main Line Elevated opened in 1901 with a station at North Union Station. Elevated trains ran south through the Tremont Street Subway, north on the Charlestown Elevated, the elevated moved into its own tunnel in 1908
31.
Train
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A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that usually runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive power is provided by a locomotive or individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Although historically steam propulsion dominated, the most common forms are diesel and electric locomotives. Other energy sources include horses, engine or water-driven rope or wire winch, gravity, pneumatics, batteries, the word train comes from the Old French trahiner, from the Latin trahere pull, draw. There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes, a train may consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple unit. The first trains were rope-hauled, gravity powered or pulled by horses, from the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomotives. A passenger train is one which includes passenger-carrying vehicles which can often be very long, one notable and growing long-distance train category is high-speed rail. In order to much faster operation over 500 km/h, innovative Maglev technology has been researched for years. In most countries, such as the United Kingdom, the distinction between a tramway and a railway is precise and defined in law, a freight train uses freight cars to transport goods or materials. Freight and passengers may be carried in the train in a mixed consist. Rail cars and machinery used for maintenance and repair of tracks, etc. are termed maintenance of way equipment, similarly, dedicated trains may be used to provide support services to stations along a train line, such as garbage or revenue collection. There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes, a train can consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple unit. Trains can also be hauled by horses, pulled by a cable, special kinds of trains running on corresponding special railways are atmospheric railways, monorails, high-speed railways, maglev, rubber-tired underground, funicular and cog railways. A passenger train may consist of one or several locomotives and coaches, alternatively, a train may consist entirely of passenger carrying coaches, some or all of which are powered as a multiple unit. In many parts of the world, particularly the Far East and Europe, freight trains are composed of wagons or trucks rather than carriages, though some parcel and mail trains are outwardly more like passenger trains. Trains can also be mixed, comprising both passenger accommodation and freight vehicles, special trains are also used for track maintenance, in some places, this is called maintenance of way. A train with a locomotive attached at each end is described as top and tailed, where a second locomotive is attached temporarily to assist a train up steep banks or grades it is referred to as banking in the UK, or helper service in North America. Recently, many loaded trains in the United States have been made up one or more locomotives in the middle or at the rear of the train
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Down East
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The phrase apparently derives from sailing terminology, sailors from western ports sailed downwind toward the east to reach the area. A person from this area may be called a down-easter, within Maine, the phrase Down East may refer specifically to the states easternmost regions, also called Down East Maine. The origin of the phrase Down East is typically traced to nautical terminology referring to direction, in the warm months most suitable for sailing, the prevailing winds along the coast of New England and Canada blow from the southwest, meaning ships sail downwind to go east. As such, the northeastern stretches were said to be Down East in relation to western cities such as Boston. Correspondingly, sailors spoke of going up to Boston from Down East ports, the term can be used as an adverb, adjective, or noun. The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest known use in print to 1825, the phrase down-easter, meaning a person from Down East, appeared in print in 1828. The phrase Down East is used in several ways, most broadly, it refers to areas from northeastern New England into Canadas Maritime Provinces. Sargent F. Collier wrote that Down East extended from Maine into Canada as far as Chaleur Bay and this area is similar to the boundaries of the historical French colony of Acadia, Collier regarded this as a cultural legacy of the former colony. According to Maine author John Gould, Down East is a never-never land always east of where you are, the term is relational, with Boston being the traditional referent for determining what is Down East. As such, sailors going from one port in Maine to another nearby may have said they were going down Maine or eastard, within New England, Down East often refers specifically to Maine, especially the coastal areas. The phrase has widespread use in the state, Maines largest monthly magazine is titled Down East, amtrak named its passenger train service between Boston and Brunswick, Maine the Downeaster. The term Down East provided the name for a prominent type of sailing ship developed in Maine in the later 19th century, down Easters were a modification of the earlier clipper, with new lines and rigging enabling it to carry substantially more cargo. Primarily used to transport wheat and other goods from California to European markets, Down Easters were characteristically built in Maine, a significant part of Maines maritime legacy, they were among the last prominent sailing ships built before steamships came to dominate the industry. In Maine, Down East may refer more narrowly to the easternmost section of the state along the Canada–US border and this was among the last parts of the state settled by Europeans. Due to its thankless climate it saw little settlement by the French, initially attracted by the availability of land for farming, the early British settlers soon turned to fishing to survive, fishing remains a significant economic driver. Largely due to its climate and remoteness, Down East Maine has remained one of the states least developed areas. In Canada, Down East typically refers to the Maritime Provinces, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, newfoundland and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec are sometimes included. The term gave its name to Down East fiddling, which developed in the Maritimes and has one of the most prominent styles of Canadian fiddling
33.
Portland, Maine
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Portland is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maine, with a population of 66,881 as of 2015. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to half a million people. The Old Port district is frequented by tourists, while Portland Head Light is also a destination, the city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, which is a reference to the recoveries from four devastating fires. Portland was named for the English Isle of Portland, and the city of Portland, Oregon was in turn named after Portland, Native Americans originally called the Portland peninsula Machigonne. Portland, Maine was named for the English Isle of Portland, the first European settler was Capt. Christopher Levett, an English naval captain granted 6,000 acres in 1623 to found a settlement in Casco Bay. The settlement failed, and the fate of Levetts colonists is unknown, the explorer sailed from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to meet John Winthrop in 1630, but never returned to Maine. Fort Levett in the harbor is named for him, the peninsula was first permanently settled in 1632 as a fishing and trading village named Casco. When the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Casco Bay in 1658, in 1676, the village was destroyed by the Abenaki during King Philips War. During King Williams War, a party of French and Native allies attacked. On October 18,1775, Falmouth was burned in the Revolution by the Royal Navy under command of Captain Henry Mowat, following the war, a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center. In 1786, the citizens of Falmouth formed a town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland, after the isle off the coast of Dorset. Portlands economy was greatly stressed by the Embargo Act of 1807, which ended in 1809, and the War of 1812, in 1820, Maine became a state with Portland as its capital. In 1832, the capital was moved north to Augusta, in 1851, Maine led the nation by passing the first state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes. The law subsequently became known as the Maine law, as 18 states quickly followed, on June 2,1855, the Portland Rum Riot occurred. In 1853, upon completion of the Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal, the Portland Company manufactured more than 600 19th-century steam locomotives. Portland became a 20th-century rail hub as five rail lines merged into Portland Terminal Company in 1911. Following nationalization of the Grand Trunk system in 1923, Canadian export traffic was diverted from Portland to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in the 20th century, icebreakers later enabled ships to reach Montreal in winter, drastically reducing Portlands role as a winter port for Canada. On June 26,1863, a Confederate raiding party led by Captain Charles Read, entered the harbor at Portland, more than 10,000 people were left homeless
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Wakefield, Massachusetts
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Wakefield is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, incorporated in 1812 and located about 12.5 mi north-northwest of Downtown Boston. The 73rd most populous municipality in Massachusetts, Wakefields population was 24,932 at the 2010 census, Wakefield was first settled in 1638 and was originally known as Lynn Village. It officially separated from Lynn and incorporated as Reading in 1644 when the first church and this first corn mill was built on the Mill River on Water Street, and later small saw mills were built on the Mill River and the Saugus River. The old parish became known as the Old or South Parish when in 1713 the North Parish was established. This North Parish later became the town of North Reading, in 1769 the West Parish was established. In 1812 the Old or South Parish of Reading separated from Reading and was incorporated as South Reading. At the time it was spelled South Redding, not South Reading, the railroad was chartered and built in 1844 between Wilmington and Boston. This later became the line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The Boston and Maine Foundry was built in 1854 and was reincorporated as the Smith. The Boston Ice Company cut and shipped ice from Lake Quannapowitt starting in 1851, the Rattan Works was established in 1856 by Cyrus Wakefield. This later grew into the Wakefield Rattan Company and at one time had a thousand employees, in 1868 Cyrus Wakefield donated land and money for a new town hall, and in thanks the town voted to change its name from South Reading to Wakefield. The town hall, currently named for William J. Lee, is located at 1 Lafayette Street, in 1856 the South Reading Public Library was established, which later became the Beebe Town Library. In 1923, the Lucius Beebe Memorial Library was built and established by Junius Beebe, the first weekly newspaper in Wakefield was established in 1858. One of the oldest and largest manufacturers of flying model airplane toys in the world, Paul K. Guillow, the company is particularly notable for its extensive line of balsa wood model airplane kits. Route 128 was built along the edge of the town by 1958. American Mutual had over 1000 employees, most of them commuting to work via Route 128, by the late 1980s American Mutual was in liquidation due to the Woburn W. R. Grace litigation. The headquarters building was sold to the Beal Company and was home to Boston Technology Inc. which invented and manufactured corporate voice mail systems that operated on computer systems, in April 1971, a fire burned down much of the amusement park. The area now consists of office buildings and is called Edgewater Park
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Wilmington (MBTA station)
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Wilmington is a commuter rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Lowell Line, located near the intersection of Main Street and Church Street in the town center of Wilmington, Massachusetts. The station serves most trains on the Lowell Line as well as a number of trains from the Haverhill Line which run via the Wildcat Branch. The station is handicapped accessible, with mini-high platforms serving both tracks, the platforms are staggered, the southbound platform is entirely to the north of the Route 62 overpass, while over half of the northbound platform is south of the bridge. The Wildcat Branch, used by Amtrak Downeaster trains and some Haverhill Line express trains, the single-track branch splits from the northbound track just north of the platform. Southbound trains coming from the Wildcat Branch cannot reach the platform, instead. An interlocking south of the station allows trains to switch onto the southbound track. Wilmington is the terminus of the Lowell Regional Transit Authoritys Route 12 - Tewksbury via Rte. 38/Wilmington Train Station route. No MBTA Bus routes stop at Wilmington, media related to Wilmington at Wikimedia Commons MBTA - Wilmington Station from Route 62 from Google Maps Street View
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Boston and Maine Corporation
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The Boston and Maine Corporation, known as the Boston and Maine Railroad, was a U. S. Class I railroad in northern New England and it became part of what is now the Pan Am Railways network in 1983. At the end of 1970 B&M operated 1,515 route-miles on 2,481 miles of track and that year it reported 2744 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 92 million passenger-miles. The Andover and Wilmington Railroad was incorporated March 15,1833, to build a branch from the Boston and Lowell Railroad at Wilmington, Massachusetts, north to Andover, the line opened to Andover on August 8,1836. The railroad opened in 1840 to Exeter, New Hampshire, and on January 1,1842, on February 23,1843, the B&M opened to Agamenticus, on the line of the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad in South Berwick. On January 28 of that year the B&M and Eastern Railroad came to an agreement to lease the PS&P as a joint line to Portland. The Boston and Maine Railroad Extension was incorporated March 16,1844, due to a dispute with the Boston and that company was merged into the main B&M on March 19,1845, and opened July 1, leading to the abandonment of the old connection to the B&L. In 1848 another original section was abandoned, as a new alignment was built from Wilmington north to North Andover, Massachusetts, in order to better serve Lawrence, a new alignment to Portland opened in 1873, splitting from the old route at South Berwick, Maine. The old route was later abandoned and this completed the B&M main line which would become known as the Western Route to distinguish it from the Eastern Route which also connected Boston and Portland. As the B&M grew, it gained control of former rivals, including, The Eastern Railroad was leased by the B&M on December 23,1883, and on May 9,1890. This provided a route to Maine, ending competition along the immediate route between Boston and Portland. Along with the Eastern, the B&M also acquired many branch lines, including the Conway Branch, the Saugus Branch, the South Reading Branch, and branches to Marblehead and Rockport, Massachusetts. The Worcester and Nashua Railroad was organized in 1845 and the Nashua and Rochester Railroad in 1847, the W&N leased the N&R in 1874, and the two companies merged into the Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroad in 1883. The B&M leased the line on January 1,1886 and this acquisition also included the continuation from Rochester to Portland, Maine, incorporated in 1846 as the York and Cumberland Railroad. It opened partially in 1851 and 1853, was reorganized as the Portland and Rochester Railroad in 1867 and it was again reorganized in 1881 and then operated in conjunction with the line to Worcester. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad to northwestern Vermont, and the Connecticut, additionally, the St. Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad, owned by the B&M through stock, was leased to the Maine Central Railroad by 1912. The Central Massachusetts Railroad stayed a part of the B&M, as did the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad. The Northern Railroad was leased to the Boston and Lowell in 1884, but that lease was cancelled and the Northern was on its own until 1890, the Northern owned a number of lines running west from Concord
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Boston and Lowell Railroad
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The Boston and Lowell Railroad is a historic railroad that operated in Massachusetts in the United States. It was one of the first railroads in North America and the first major one in the state, the line later operated as part of the Boston and Maine Railroads Southern Division. After Lowells death in 1817, his partners searched for a new location with greater waterpower to expand textile production, in 1821 they purchased property adjoining the Pawtucket Falls on the Merrimack River, an area also served by the Middlesex Canal. In 1823 the Merrimack Manufacturing Company began producing cotton cloth in the Middlesex Village hamlet in East Chelmsford, in 1826, the area was incorporated as the town of Lowell, Massachusetts, named in honor of Francis Cabot Lowell. Before the railroad, there were ways of moving goods between Lowell and the port of Boston warehouses. The Middlesex Canal, which opened in stages between 1804 and 1814 and linked Boston with Concord, New Hampshire, was eight months a year. The first uses of railroads in North America for heavy haulage were visible in at least three periods, the second operational and chartered meant to be permanent railway in the country was the Granite Railroad, chartered and built in 1826 in nearby Quincy. It was a 3-mile, horse-powered railroad, built to move large stones from the quarries in Quincy to the Neponset River in Milton. As was believed to be the most sturdy method at the time, it was built on a foundation of granite. During the summer of 1827, a railroad was built from the mines at Summit Hill to Mauch Chunk, with one or two unimportant exceptions, this was the first railroad in the United States. The canal was an efficient way of moving large amounts of heavy goods cheaply. Unfortunately, the canals would freeze in the winter, and their towpaths were muddy in spring. Stagecoaches provided the passenger aspect of the transport, moving 100 to 120 passengers per day, there were six stagecoaches in operation at the time of the building of the railroad, for a total of 39 fully loaded round trips per week. This was sufficient passenger service for people who had to make a trip but was much too expensive for daily use or what we would now call commuting. The investors in the Lowell textile companies decided they needed to do something about their transportation situation, by 1829 the B&O was testing a locally produced steam locomotive, the Tom Thumb, and opened for passenger operations in May 1830. Patrick Tracy Jackson led the task of convincing the legislature that a railroad was a good idea. The former proved very difficult, as the investors of the Middlesex Canal were very much against building a new form of transportation designed to replace their canal. Because, prior to 1872, there was no provision in Massachusetts state law for chartering railroads and this made it slow and inefficient to charter a railroad because the politicians had to agree, the issue would become partisan
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Concord Coach Lines
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Concord Coach Lines, Inc. formerly known as Concord Trailways, is an inter-city bus company based in Concord, New Hampshire. The company was founded in 1967, and expanded in 1988 with the purchase of the Trailways franchise, service to Maine commenced in 1992. The companys relationship with Trailways Transportation System was dissolved in 2008, the current fleet consists entirely of Prevost X-45 and MCI D4500 buses. The buses wear a red, white, and blue color scheme over a white base, previous vehicles in the fleet have included the MCI J4500, MC-8, and MC-9
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Bangor, Maine
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Bangor is a city along the Penobscot River in the U. S. state of Maine. The city proper has a population of 33,039, while the Bangor metropolitan area has a population of 153,746, Bangor is known as the Queen City of Maine. Modern Bangor was established by European Americans in the mid-1800s, based on the lumber, with their wealth, the lumber barons built elaborate Greek Revival and Victorian mansions and the 31 feet high statue of Paul Bunyan. Today, Bangors economy is based on services and retail, healthcare, founded as Condeskeag Plantation, Bangor was incorporated as a New England town in 1791, after the end of the American Revolutionary War. There are more than 20 communities worldwide named Bangor, of which 15 are in the United States and named after Bangor, the final syllable is pronounced gor, not ger. Bangor has a port of entry at Bangor International Airport, also home to the Bangor Air National Guard Base, Historically Bangor was an important stopover on the great circle air route between the East Coast of the United States and Europe. Bangors Police Department also has a popular Facebook page, which uses humor and advice in an attempt to better public police relations, Bangor has a humid continental climate, with cold, snowy winters, and warm summers. The Penobscot have inhabited the area around present-day Bangor for at least 11,000 years and they practiced some agriculture, but less than peoples in southern New England where the climate is milder, and subsisted on what they could hunt and gather. Contact with Europeans was not uncommon during the 1500s because the fur trade was lucrative, the site was visited by Portuguese explorer Estêvão Gomes in 1524 and by Samuel de Champlain in 1605. In 1769 Jacob Buswell founded a settlement at the site, by 1772, there were 12 families, along with a sawmill, store, and school, and in 1787 the population was 567. In September 1787 a petition, signed by 19 residents, was sent to the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts requesting that this area be named Sunbury. On the back of it was written, To the care of Dr. Cony and this petition was rejected before 6 October 1788, as the town referred to itself as Penobscot River, west side. In 1779, the rebel Penobscot Expedition fled up the Penobscot River, the ships remained there until the late 1950s, when construction of the Joshua Chamberlain Bridge disturbed the site. Six cannons were removed from the riverbed, five of which are on display throughout the region and he left the name for the town blank so he could obtain tentative approval. He chose the name of a popular hymn known to be a favorite of Governor John Hancock, the incorporation was received on 25 February 1791 and was signed by John Hancock. During the War of 1812, Bangor and Hampden were looted by the British, Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from the state and was admitted to the Union under the Missouri Compromise as the 23rd state. Bangor was near the lands disputed during the Aroostook War, a dispute with Britain in 1838–39. The passion of the Aroostook War signaled the increasing role lumbering and logging were playing in the Maine economy, particularly in the central, Bangor arose as a lumbering boom-town in the 1830s, and a potential demographic and political rival to Portland, Maine
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Massachusetts Port Authority
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Massachusetts Port Authority is a port authority in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It owns and operates three airports—Boston Logan International Airport, Hanscom Field, and Worcester Regional Airport—and public terminals in the Port of Boston and its headquarters is located in the Logan Office Center, adjacent to Logan Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts. Conley Terminal, First & Farragut Road, South Boston - Container port Boston Autoport, Charlestown - Automobile shipping, the Boston Fish Pier, South Boston - Seafood processing, acquired in 1972. East Boston Shipyard and Marina - Marginal Street, East Boston - Former Navy and Bethlehem Steel site, Massport Marine Terminal /North Jetty, South Boston - Used for Big Dig staging, berths now available. 11 serves terminals A, B, C and E22 serves terminals A and B to subway station,33 serves terminals C and E to subway station and rental car center. 55 serves all terminals, subway station and rental car center,66 serves all terminals, subway station and water transportation dock. 88 serves all terminals and the parking garage. Massport also operates Logan Express bus service between all terminals and park-and-ride lots in Braintree, Framingham, Woburn, and Peabody. In 2014, with the closure of the Government Center subway station, Massport started running a Logan Express to the Hynes Convention Center, by state law, municipal police do not have jurisdiction on Massport property. Police protection is provided by the Massachusetts State Police and the Massport Police, Massport Fire Rescue provides fire protection on agency property. The independent Massachusetts Port Authority was created in 1956 to replace the locally controlled port commission, in 1966, Castle Island Container Terminal was constructed for Sea-Land Corporation, one of the first intermodal container facilities. In 1971, Massport constructed a container port in Charlestown for the use of other shipping companies. In 1980, Sea-Land ended its lease, and the first container port was enlarged. On January 1,2010, the Tobin Bridge was transferred from Massport to the new Massachusetts Department of Transportation, blute, 1997-1999 Virginia Buckingham, 2000-2001 Craig Coy, 2002-2006 Thomas J. Kinton Jr. 2006-2012 Thomas P. Glynn, 2012–present Official website
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Logan International Airport
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It covers 2,384 acres, has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in the New England region and 17th-busiest airport in the United States and it is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan. In 2016, Massport reported an 8. 5% increase in passenger traffic comparing 2015 to 2016, the airport serves as a focus city for JetBlue, which carries out the largest operations from Logan International Airport, as well as a hub for Delta Air Lines. The regional airline Cape Air and commuter airline PenAir all carry out hub operations from Boston, American Airlines also carries out many operations from the airport. All of the major U. S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs and it is also a destination of many major European airlines. The airport has frequent service to destinations throughout North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the North Atlantic region, the Middle East, Europe and this has turned Boston Logan in one of Americas fastest growing airports. Logan Airport opened on September 8,1923, and was used mainly by the Massachusetts Air Guard and it was then called Jeffery Field. The first scheduled passenger flights were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City in 1927. On January 1,1936, the weather station became the official point for Bostons weather observations. Until around 1950 the airline terminal was at 42. 367N71. 0275W, during the 1940s the airport added 1,800 acres of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddles and Apple Islands. In 1943 the state renamed the airport after Lt. General Edward Lawrence Logan, in 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line. The December 1950 diagram shows a similar to the current one,7,000 ft runway 4L,10, 000-ft 4R,7, 000-ft 9 and 7. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 49 weekday departures on American,31 Eastern,25 Northeast,8 United,7 TWA domestic,6 National,6 Mohawk,2 TCA and one Provincetown-Boston. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC4, the jumbo jet era began at Logan in summer 1970 when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747s to London Heathrow Airport. Currently, the Boeing 747-400 is scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways, Lufthansa also operates the Boeing 747-8i on one of its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt. When Terminal E opened in 1974 it was the second largest international arrivals facility in the United States, between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan has tripled. International long-haul travel has been the fastest growing market sector at the airport and this project was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logans longest runway. Residents of the neighborhood, known as Wood Island, were out of their homes
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Green Line (MBTA)
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The Green Line is a light rail system run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. It is the oldest Boston subway line, with tunnel sections dating from 1897 and it runs underground through downtown Boston, and on the surface on several radial boulevards and into inner suburbs. With a daily ridership of over 232,000 in 2015. The line was assigned the color in 1967 during a systemwide rebranding because several branches pass through sections of the Emerald Necklace of Boston. The four branches are the remnants of a streetcar system. The streetcar system peaked in size around 1930 and was replaced with trackless trolleys and buses. A new branch opened on a commuter rail line in 1959. The line has its terminus at Lechmere in East Cambridge with connections to numerous bus routes serving Cambridge. From there it runs south over the Lechmere Viaduct and into an extension of the Tremont Street Subway under downtown Boston to the Boston Common and it continues west in the Boylston Street Subway to Kenmore Square. The Green Line tunnels through Downtown Boston and the Back Bay are collectively referred to as the Central Subway. The E Branch serves Lechmere and splits just west of Copley, running southwest through the Huntington Avenue Subway and it continues along Huntington Avenue, and terminating at Heath Street near V. A. Until 1985, the line continued though Jamaica Plain to Arborway, the B, C, and D Branches diverge west of Kenmore Square. From south to north, they are as follows, The D Branch surfaces onto the grade-separated Highland Branch, the C Branch surfaces onto Beacon Street, running to Cleveland Circle at the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. The B Branch surfaces onto Commonwealth Avenue and it runs past Boston University, passes within a quarter mile of Cleveland Circle, where a connection to the latter runs down Chestnut Hill Ave. and continues to Boston College. The A Branch diverged from Commonwealth Ave. west of Boston University and ran to Watertown, across the Charles River from Watertown Square, although the route-letter scheme had been introduced two years prior to its closure, the A designation was never signed on streetcars to Watertown. It was, however, included in the signs on the Boeing-Vertol LRVs ordered in the mid-1970s. The A line tracks remained in service to access maintenance facilities at Watertown until 1994. Not only was there community opposition to restoration, but the tracks would have required a complete rehabilitation, the Lechmere Viaduct originally connected to the Central Subway via the Causeway Street Elevated, a half-mile-long structure running in front of North Station and the Boston Garden sports complex
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Orange Line (MBTA)
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The Orange Line is one of the four subway lines of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It extends from Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston in the south to Oak Grove in Malden in the north and it meets the Red Line at Downtown Crossing, the Blue Line at State, and the Green Line at Haymarket and North Station. It connects with Amtrak service at Back Bay and North Station, and with MBTA Commuter Rail service at Back Bay, North Station, Forest Hills, Ruggles station in Roxbury, and Malden Center in Malden. From 1901 to 1987, it provided the first elevated rapid transit in Boston, all stations on the Orange Line are handicapped accessible. These stations are equipped with platforms for easy boarding, as well as elevators for easy platform access. The Main Line of the electric Boston Elevated Railway opened in segments and it proceeded from Sullivan Square along the Charlestown Elevated to the Canal Street Incline near North Station. It was carried underground by the Tremont Street Subway, returning above ground at the Pleasant Street Incline, a temporary link connected from there to the Washington Street Elevated, which in 1901 ran from this point via Washington Street to Dudley Square. Also in 1901, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated opened, branching at Causeway Street to provide a route through downtown Boston to the Washington Street Elevated. Use of the parallel Tremont Street Subway was returned exclusively to streetcars, by 1909, the Washington Street Elevated had been extended south to Forest Hills. Trains from Washington Street were routed through the new subway, either all the way to Sullivan Square, or back around in a loop via the subway and then the Atlantic Avenue Elevated. In 1919, the Charlestown Elevated was extended north from Sullivan Square to Everett, over surface right-of-way parallel to Alford Street/Broadway, with a drawbridge over the Mystic River. The Boston Elevated had long-term plans to continue this extension further north to Malden, in 1938, the remainder of the Atlantic Avenue Elevated was closed, leaving the subway as the only route through downtown - what is now the Orange Line between Haymarket and Chinatown stations. The line was known as the Main Line Elevated under the Boston Elevated Railway, after taking over operations in August 1964, the MBTA began rebranding many elements of Bostons public transportation network. On August 26,1965, the four transit lines were assigned colored names related to their history. When designing the rebranding, Cambridge Seven Associates originally planned for yellow instead of orange, the color yellow would be used instead, in time, to designate MBTA Bus service. In January and February 1967, the four original Washington Street Tunnel stations were renamed, Boylston Street was renamed Essex to avoid confusion with nearby Boylston station on the Green Line. In May 1987, Essex was renamed Chinatown after the adjacent Chinatown neighborhood, in March 2010, New England Medical Center station was renamed as Tufts Medical Center two years after the eponymous hospital changed its name. The Boston Transportation Planning Review looked at the line in the 1970s, considering extensions to reach the beltway Route 128, with termini at Reading in the north and Dedham in the south
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Fitchburg Line
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The Fitchburg Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system which runs from Bostons North Station to Wachusett station in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. The line is along the tracks of the former Fitchburg Railroad and it is one of the MBTAs more scenic commuter rail lines, passing by Walden Pond between Lincoln and Concord. Weekend service includes a specially equipped seasonal ski train to Wachusett Mountain during the winter, at 54 miles long, the Fitchburg Line is the second-longest line in the system, and ranks as one of the worst lines in terms of on-time performance. The Fitchburg Line has the oldest infrastructure in the system, only ten of the lines nineteen stations, including both terminals, are fully handicapped accessible - the lowest proportion of any MBTA Commuter Rail line. Despite poor performance, the Fitchburg Line still draws about 10,000 daily riders, the $150 million project included adding nine miles of double track, an extension to Wachusett, rebuilding two stations, and building a new layover yard. The Fitchburg Railroad opened between 1840 and 1845 from Boston to Fitchburg, the Boston and Maine Railroad leased the Fitchburg Railroad in 1900 and bought it finally in 1919. In 1948, The Master Highway Plan for the Boston Metropolitan Area proposed the construction of eight radial expressways around Boston connecting to the Inner Belt, Interstate 695. A section of the Northwest Expressway, carrying a concurrency of Route 2 and this expressway would have taken up some or all of the trackbed, which was then four tracks wide in that section. After successful highway revolts, Governor Francis W. Sargent placed a hold on all highway construction inside Route 128 in 1970, following a study, Sargent permanently canceled the 1948 plans in 1972, thus also securing the corridors future for railroad use. All service west of Fitchburg was dropped on 23 April 1960, when the newly formed MBTA began subsidizing the Boston & Maine Railroads intrastate service on January 18,1965, service was only kept to communities in the MBTAs limited funding district. All service on the Fitchburg Line west of West Concord was cut, as was the stop at Riverview. The MBTA scrambled to find funding, subsidy agreements were reached with towns along the lines. Service was restored as far as Ayer on June 28,1965, along with the outer Rockport Branch and full schedules on the Lowell and Ipswich routes. Although some gains were made, including the reopening of Belmont Center and Waverley stations on March 4,1974, the Central Mass Branch, which shared trackage with the Fitchburg, was cut on November 26,1971. In December 1973, state subsidies for towns outside the MBTA funding district were halved, ultimately Ayer, with just 14 daily commuters, refused to pay its $8200 bill in 1974, Littleton also refused $12,300 for its 21 riders. On March 1,1975, the line was cut back to South Acton, dropping stops at Ayer, Littleton, two lightly used stops in Waltham – Clematis Brook and Beaver Brook – closed in June 1978. On December 27,1976, the MBTA bought the Boston and Maine Railroads northside commuter rail assets, Service was restored to Fitchburg and beyond to Gardner on January 13,1980. Gardner service was ended on January 1,1987 when Amtrak took over the MBTA contract, in December 2006, the MBTA began branding certain winter weekend round trips as ski trains
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Newburyport/Rockport Line
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The Newburyport/Rockport Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running northeast from downtown Boston, Massachusetts towards Cape Ann and the Merrimack Valley, serving the North Shore. The first leg serves Chelsea, Lynn, Swampscott, Salem, from there, a northern branch of the line serves Hamilton, Ipswich, Rowley, and Newburyport. The line also branches east from Beverly, serving Manchester, Gloucester, a bicycle coach is offered on the Rockport branch during the summer. The Eastern Route main line between Boston and Portsmouth, New Hampshire opened in 1836 as the Eastern Railroad, ferries were used to transport passengers between the East Boston terminal and Boston proper. The line was extended to Portland, Maine, in 1842 under an agreement with the Boston. The Gloucester Branch was constructed in 1847, but despite local support, in 1854, with the opening of the Grand Junction Railroad, the Eastern Railroad acquired direct access to downtown Boston. This access was more convenient than its previous access, which required using the Saugus Branch or the South Reading Branch Railroad. In the 1970s, the B&M passenger service - which by that time was almost exclusively commuter service - began to become financially unviable until the MBTA subsidized, and then acquired, the services. The line beyond Newburyport was abandoned in 1982, however, commuter service had been cut back from Newburyport to Ipswich in 1976, in 1998, service was restored to Newburyport at a cost of $46 million. In the late 1980s, the MBTA planned to construct a park, a $400,000 planning study was funded in February 1988, the proposed $11 million station would have had 1,000 parking spaces and opened in late 1991. The station was not built, instead, a high-level platform, the new $34.2 million bridge, which was completed nine months ahead of schedule, eliminated the 5 miles per hour speed restriction on the old bridge. Two other bridges are in planning for major modification, the Beverly Drawbridge spanning the Danvers River will undergo a multi-year reconstruction process. The abutments of the approach spans will be repaired, followed by a 21-day service shutdown in mid-2017 for the replacement of the swing bridge section. The MBTA Board approved the $16.2 million contract in February 2016, the Gloucester Drawbridge over the Annisquam River consists of a steel drawbridge and western approach span with a timber trestle for the eastern approach. It was built in 1911, modified in 1932, and substantially repaired in 1984-85 and it will be completely replaced with a modern box beam bridge on steel piles. By February 2016, bidding was planned to begin by June for the four-year, then-$34 million project, as of October 2016, bidding on a $48 million contract is expected to begin in December 2016. The station was estimated to cost $12.2 to $13.8 million, two possible locations were considered, one with access from Laurel Street and the platform running to the north, and one with access from Ocean Avenue and the platform running to the south. None of the projects in the DEIS or MIS was actually due to lack of funding, except for parking structures at Salem
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4 (MBTA bus)
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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital
