In baseball, an earned run is any run, enabled by the offensive team's production in the face of competent play from the defensive team. Conversely, an unearned run is a run that would not have been scored without the aid of an error or a passed ball committed by the defense. An unearned run counts just as much as any other run for the purpose of determining the score of the game. However, it is "unearned" in. Both total earned runs are tabulated as part of a pitcher's statistics. However, earned runs are specially denoted because of their use in calculating a pitcher's earned run average, the number of earned runs allowed by the pitcher per nine innings pitched. Thus, in effect, the pitcher is held accountable for earned runs, while the responsibility for unearned runs is shared with the rest of the team. To determine whether a run is earned, the official scorer must reconstruct the inning as it would have occurred without errors or passed balls. If no errors and no passed balls occur during the inning, all runs scored.

In some cases, an error can be rendered harmless as the inning progresses. For example, a runner on first base advances to second on a passed ball and the next batter walks. Since the runner would now have been at second anyway, the passed ball no longer has any effect on the earned/unearned calculation. On the other hand, a batter/runner may make his entire circuit around the bases without the aid of an error, yet the run would be counted as unearned if an error prevented the third out from being made before he crossed the plate to score. An error made by the pitcher in fielding at his position is counted the same as an error by any other player. A run is counted as unearned when: A batter reaches base on an error that would have retired the batter except for the error, scores a run in that inning by any means. A batter hits a foul fly ball, dropped by a fielder for an error, extending the at bat, scores. In this case, the manner in which the batter reached base becomes irrelevant. A baserunner remains on base or advances to the next base as the result of an error on a fielder's choice play that would put the baserunner out except for the error, scores.

A batter reaches first base on a passed ball and scores. A baserunner scores by any means after the third out would have been made except for an error other than catcher's interference. A batter or runner advances one or more bases on an error or passed ball and scores on a play that would otherwise not have provided the opportunity to score. While the inning is still being played, the second and last scenario can cause a temporary situation where a run has scored, but its earned/unearned status is not yet certain. Under the last circumstance, for example, with two outs, a runner on third base scores on a passed ball. For the time being, the run is unearned. If the batter strikes out to end the inning, it will stay that way. If the batter gets a base hit, which would have scored the runner anyway, the run now becomes earned. Under the second circumstance, if there are runners on base and a batter hits a foul fly ball, dropped, bats in the runners on base through a base hit, the runs are unearned for the time being, as the runners should not have advanced.

If the results of the remaining at bats in the inning would not have scored the runners, the runs remain unearned. However, if results of subsequent at bats would have scored the runs anyway, the runs would count as earned, unless they only would have scored as a result of a subsequent error or passed ball. A baserunner who reaches on catcher's interference and subsequently scores with two outs scores an unearned run, but baserunners who subsequently score after the runner who has reached on catcher's interference on clean plays score earned runs. Neither the use of a pinch-runner to replace a baserunner who represents an unearned run nor the use of a pinch-hitter to continue the turn at bat of a batter who would be out except for an error transforms a run scored by such a person or his successors on base from an unearned run to an earned run; when pitchers are changed in the middle of an inning, one or more errors have occurred, it is possible to have a run charged as earned against a specific pitcher, but unearned to the team.

The simplest example is when the defensive team records two outs and makes an error on a play that would have been the third out. A new pitcher comes into the game, the next batter hits a home run; the runner who reached on the error comes around to score, his run is unearned to both the prior pitcher and the team. However, the run scored by the batter is counted as earned against the relief pitcher, but unearned to the team. Had the team not switched pitchers, neither run would be counted as an earned run because that pitcher should have been out of that inning. A pitcher, relieved mid-inning may be charged with earned runs equal to the number of batters who reached base while he was pitching if the specific batters he faced do not score; the batters he put on base may be erased by fielder's choice plays after he has been relieved by another pitcher, but if earned runs are scored in the inning the original pitcher is liable for as many earned runs as the number of batters he put on base. Example: On April 15, 20

The thirteenth season of the American reality television series Food Network Star premiered June 4, 2017 on Food Network. Food Network chefs Bobby Flay and Giada de Laurentiis returned to the series as judges. Jason Smith – Grayson, Kentucky Rusty Hamlin – Atlanta, Georgia Cory Bahr – Monroe, Louisiana Blake Baldwin – Flemington, New Jersey Nancy Manlove – Texas City, Texas Toya Boudy – New Orleans, Louisiana Suzanne Lossia – Detroit, Michigan Trace Barnett – Brilliant, Alabama Caodan Tran – Dallas, Texas Addie Gundry – Lake Forest, Illinois David Rose – Atlanta, Georgia Cory Bahr – Monroe, Louisiana Amy Pottinger – Honolulu, Hawaii Matthew Grunwald – Scottsdale, Arizona ^1: Cory did not compete in the mentor challenge.^2: Cory was eliminated midway through the finale. The contestant thus became the next Food Network Star; the contestant did not win. The contestant was one of the selection committee's favorites for that week; the contestant performed well enough to move on to the next week. The contestant was one of the selection committee's least favorites for that week, but was not eliminated.

The contestant was the selection committee's least favorite for that week, was eliminated. Rob Burmeister, Season 12 Danushka Lysek, Season 9 Emilia Cirker, Season 11 Jamika Pessoa, Season 5 Josh Lyons, Season 8 Joy Thompson, Season 12 Matthew Grunwald, Season 11 ^1: Rob was eliminated after the mentor challenge. ^2: Danushka and Joy were eliminated after the star challenge. The contestant won "Comeback Kitchen"; the contestant won the challenge for that week. The contestant did well in the challenge for that week; the contestant was safe. The contestant was eliminated; this season of Star Salvation was hosted by Iron Chef Alex Guarnaschelli and season 7 winner Jeff Mauro. The chef returned to the main competition; the chef continued in the competition. The chef lost in that week's Star Salvation and was eliminated from the competition

Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avatar Sharma was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and academic, apart from being an indologist and historian. He was born in a Bhumihar Brahmin family of scholars and pursued the same path of scholarship, becoming the professor of Sanskrit in University of Patna in pre-independence years, he was a renowned Indologist. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India and a favourite student of Pandit Sharma, was instrumental in getting his works published after his death, his son, Professor Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma was a professor of Hindi Literature in University of Patna and started the Nai Kavita. Pandit Ramavatara Sarma was born the son of a Brahmin Sanskrit guru, Dev Narayan Pandey, on 6 March in Chapra which lies on the northern bank of the river Ganges in the state of Bihar, his father asked him to join him in his work when he was 12 so young Ramavatara headed for India's greatest seat of Sanskrit learning and became a disciple of Gangadhar Shastri, the most famous guru of the day.

He passed the Kavyateerth examination at the age of 15 and wrote his first book the same year, Dheernaishadham. He took admission to Queen's College in Benaras, patronised by Dr Annie Besant and completed his Sahityacharya the same year, topping the list, but one of the professors at Queen's College, Dr Vennis, happened to comment that were he to acquire some knowledge of English he would fare better. At this Ramavtar Sarma went right off to pawn his only prized possession, his lota and borrow a copy of the Encyclopædia Britannica which he read through once. After that all his life he was able to tell which word appeared on which page, in which column, after which word and before which; this was the time he changed his name from Pandey to Sarma which means'the knowledgeable one'. Mahamahopadhyaya Pt. Ramavtar Sharma was a genius of high order, he had a brilliant career as a student of Sanskrit in which he earned the oriental degrees of Kavyatirtha, Sahityacharya, etc. having received his education under the guidance of his father at an early stage and under the tutorship of the famous Pandit Mahamahopadhyaya Gangadhar Shastri of Queen's College, Benares.

He had his education in modern subjects in English and passed all his examinations from entrance up to M. A. having received prizes in most of them. He left Benaras, he took up his first job at Chapra High School but returned to Benaras in 1901 to take up lectureship at Central Hindu College. It was at this time that he defeated in shastrarth his guru, Gangadhar Shastri as well as Maharshi Shraddhanand, his guru had tears running down his cheeks at his disciple's show of erudition but he said,'Since you have put me down in my own city, go, may none of your work be completed.' At the time of his death in 1929, Ramavtar Sarma's house and lexicon were all incomplete. This story was told me by his eldest and dearest daughter, Indumati Tewari who herself had two MA degrees from Benaras Hindu University, having topped both subjects and Hindi. However, when Dr Annie Besant tried to impose norms of attire on the lecturers, Ramavtar Sarma reacted,'Clothes are for comfort. I shall not wear coat and trousers to college.'

He went back home but the fledgling university at Patna needed someone to head its combined department of Hindi and Sanskrit and invited him over. He joined Patna University in 1907. In 1908 he was asked by Sir Asutosh Mukherji of Calcutta University to deliver the famous Basu-Mallick lecture; this was an exposition on Vedantism, delivered at Oxford University. This stands unrefuted to this day. Meanwhile, the founder of world-renowned Benaras Hindu University was doing the rounds at Patna, hoping to rope in Ramavtar Sarma for his pet project at BHU, the first-ever college of Indology. Ramavtar relented when he failed to win the well-known Premchand Raichand scholarship which went to Radha Kumud Mukherji, a much junior man, he joined BHU as Oriental College of Indology. Legends grew around him. There was an incident involving the Prince of Wales King Edward VIII. Madan Mohan Malviya had requested all faculty members to be attired in formal clothes including the pugree. However, as the royal cavalcade approached Ruia Hostel where Indology classes were held, Ramavtar Sarma went and stood on the verandah, clad in his dhoti and chauband.

Malviya ordered the cavalcade away. When the next day Ramavtar was asked for an explanation, he arrived at Malviya's office along with a bundle of his clothes, saying'From tomorrow, these will take classes, not I.' He added, ` is a pittance. You cannot tell me how I should dress.' Malviya agreed. Much Indumati Tewari, his eldest daughter explained,'That was a day for a dip in the Ganges and my mother gathered all us children and took us to Assi Ghat, she took the keys to the almirah in which Baba's clothes were. Since he never raised his voice to her, he put on his normal clothes and went to college.' However, in 1922, he decided to return to Patna, explaining,'My Bihar is poor and needs me.' There came to Patna University as Principal, another erudite scholar from Oxford University, Sir Charles Russell, interested both in Sanskrit and Philosophy being an excellent scholar himself. He asked Ramavtar Sarma if he could guide him in the perusal of one of the most difficult books in the language. Sir Charles brought along two copies of the book, one for himself and the other for Ramavtar, who pushed the book away.

Sir Charles was stunned by the fact. Thereafter

Communicorp Media is a media holding company based in Ireland, owned by the Irish billionaire Denis O'Brien. Communicorp Group Ltd was formed by Denis O'Brien in 1989, it launched its radio operations in Ireland that same year and entered the Czech Republic in 1992. It added stations in Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary. Based in Dublin, the company now owns radio stations including Ireland's Newstalk, Today FM, 98FM, SPIN 1038 and SPIN South West. O'Brien owns both of Ireland's independent national radio stations. O'Brien's Communicorp was the highest bidder for Emap's Irish operations when that company decided to sell its radio stations, buying FM104, Highland Radio and Today FM on 14 July 2007. In October 2007, the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland approved Communicorp's proposed takeover of Today FM and Highland Radio, but not FM104; the deal was completed by January 2008. Due to a Competition Authority decision, Communicorp was required to sell-on FM104, which it did upon its acquisition. O'Brien offloaded Highland Radio in mid-2008.

On 21 July 2008, a joint bid from Boxer TV Access and Communicorp, supported by BT Ireland, were successful in obtaining three digital terrestrial television multiplex contracts from the BCI. Boxer DTT Limited withdrew from its agreement to provide a DTT platform on 20 April 2009; the group divested of its assets in Latvia and the Czech Republic in 2012. On 6 February 2014, Communicorp announced it would be acquiring eight UK stations from Global Radio, subject to review by Ireland's Competition Authority; the stations were required to be sold off by the Competition Commission following Global's acquisition of GMG Radio in 2012. The formation of Communicorp UK on 1 April 2014, headquartered in Manchester, allowed Communicorp UK to be operated as a standalone entity; the Bulgarian stations were sold in 2018 Ireland United Kingdom. Communicorp have an interest in the digital and PR agency ICAN, also operated the online marketplace AppliancesDelivered.ie. The latter began as a magazine called'Buy & Sell', changed ownership several times, before being acquired in 2015 and rebranded in 2016.

AppliancesDelivered.ie ceased operations in 2019

Kasuya Takenori was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period, in the service of the Toyotomi clan. He was the second son of a retainer of the Bessho clan of Harima Province, he held the title of Naizen no Kami. Following the Chūgoku campaign, Takenori became a page of Toyotomi Hideyoshi due to the recommendation of Kuroda Kanbei. Takenori achieved notoriety due to his distinguished combat at the Battle of Shizugatake, where he was known as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake, for this distinction he received a stipend of 3,000 koku from Hideyoshi. Served in the Korean campaign, subsequently was granted Kakogawa Castle in Harima Province. At the Battle of Sekigahara, he was to be the only one out of the "Seven Spears" to side with Ishida Mitsunari's "western" army, joined in the attack on Fushimi Castle. While his holdings were confiscated after the battle, his family was allowed a 500 koku stipend, was given the status of hatamoto under the Tokugawa family's care. Despite this slight restoration of family fortunes, soon after Takenori's death the Kasuya line would end.

Today, Takenori's extra-long yari is in Nagahama Castle. While famous himself, Takenori had other famous relatives, his brother was fellow Sengoku-era warrior Kasuya Tomomasa, while his nephew was the famed archer and Aizu domain retainer Kasuya Takenari

Marcos Aurélio Lima Barros known as Marquinhos, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a midfielder. Marquinhos began his career in Portuguese football as a youngster with Rio Ave, he played in lower-division senior football with Vianense and Oliveira do Bairro before making his Primeira Liga debut with Rio Ave in April 2005. He scored three goals from 23 appearances in the 2005–06 season, before spending loan spells at Brazilian clubs Caldense in 2006 and Francana, his hometown team, in 2007, he returned to Brazil permanently in 2008 and played for Gama and another spell with Francana