1.
Thakiyudeen Wahid
–
East-West Airlines was the first scheduled private airline in India to take off the ground after the Open Skies policy was announced in 1991. The airline ceased operations in 1996, the airline established offices in Bombay, New Delhi, Madras and Trivandrum. It started, as per government stipulations, with three aircraft, all Boeing 737-200s, in 1992, to counter the impact of a crippling Indian Airlines pilot strike, the then-Civil Aviation minister, Madhavrao Scindia asked the airline to bring in more aircraft. East West went on to four more, taking its count to seven Boeing 737s. The Indian Government granted scheduled domestic airline status to nine private air charter operators, including East West, on 13 November 1995 the companys managing director Thakiyudeen Wahid was shot dead near his Mumbai office. The airline owed 3.3 million dollars to PLM Equipment - an American company from which it had leased three Boeings, PLM Equipment first appealed to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation to deregister the aircraft and then went to court. The Delhi high court ordered East West to pay up or return the aircraft, the three aircraft were then grounded. In May 1996 the airline sought and was given DGCA permission to stop flying trunk routes due to a shortage of aircraft, by June 1996 it had decided to fly only from Bombay to non-trunk destinations such as Calicut, Trivandrum and Cochin. Finally, on 8 August 1996, East West Airlines ceased all operations, East West operated a total fleet of eleven aircraft, comprising eight leased Boeing 737-200s and three Fokker F27s. The aircraft continued moving forward on its belly and skid to a halt on the runway, there was no fire and no injury to persons on board the aircraft. Poor maintenance was cited as a factor in the accident
Thakiyudeen Wahid
–
Tail colours of an East-West Airlines Boeing 737
2.
Air charter
–
Air charter is the business of renting an entire aircraft as opposed to individual aircraft seats. Some air charters brokers have been given authority to sell seats on private jets with mixed success. Some air charter companies offer a variety of aircraft, such as helicopters. Charter jet categories include turbo props, light jets, mid-size jets, super mid-size jets, heavy jets, long-range jets, there are an estimated 15,000 business jets available for charter in the worldwide fleet. The US market is the largest and the European market is the second largest, with growing activity in the Middle East, Asia, the changing landscape of air taxi and air charter. Media related to Charter airlines at Wikimedia Commons
Air charter
–
Boeing 737-300 of the UK charter airline
Titan Airways
3.
Mumbai
–
Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named a world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies, during the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development, during the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon Indias independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State, in 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India and it is also home to some of Indias premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses Indias Hindi and Marathi film and television industry, Mumbais business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja, in 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia. This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning good little bay, in 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu, Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include, Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, Boon Bay, and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial diwan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi referred to the city as Manbai. By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, the Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. According to Slate magazine, they argued that Bombay was a corrupted English version of Mumbai, Slate also said The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region. A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar in the Marathi language, the term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands, Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and it is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited
Mumbai
–
Clockwise from top:
Cuffe Parade skyline,
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel,
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus,
Bandra–Worli Sea Link, and the
Gateway of India.
Mumbai
–
The temple of local Hindu goddess
Mumbadevi, from whom the city of Mumbai derives its name
Mumbai
–
Kanheri Caves served as a centre of Buddhism in Western India during ancient times
4.
New Delhi
–
New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi citys 11 districts. The National Capital Region is a larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory along with adjoining districts. The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V and it was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy, New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, the contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed Lutyens Delhi was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britains imperial aspirations. Soon Lutyens started considering other places, however, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroys House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the projects early years, many believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a number of heritage sites in the North side. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroys House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was considered the site of Indraprastha
New Delhi
–
Clockwise from top left:
Secretariat Building,
Connaught Place,
Jantar Mantar,
Rashtrapati Bhavan,
India Gate
New Delhi
–
Lord Curzon and
Lady Curzon arriving at the Delhi Durbar, 1903.
New Delhi
–
The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King George V and Queen Mary seated upon the dais.
New Delhi
–
The 1931 series celebrated the inauguration of New Delhi as the seat of government. The one
rupee stamp shows
George V with the "Secretariat Building" and Dominion Columns.
5.
Chennai
–
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnnaɪ/, formerly known as Madras /məˈdrɑːs/ or /-ˈdræs/) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is one of the biggest cultural, economic, according to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-largest city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, Chennai is among the most visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015, the Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed Indias health capital, as a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems. Chennai has the third-largest expatriate population in India at 35,000 in 2009,82,790 in 2011, tourism guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015. Chennai is ranked as a city in the Global Cities Index and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey. In 2015 Chennai was named the hottest city by the BBC, National Geographic ranked Chennais food as second best in the world, it was the only Indian city to feature in the list. Chennai was also named the ninth-best cosmopolitan city in the world by Lonely Planet, the Chennai Metropolitan Area is one of the largest city economies of India. Chennai is nicknamed The Detroit of India, with more than one-third of Indias automobile industry being based in the city, in January 2015, it was ranked third in terms of per capita GDP. Chennai has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a city under PM Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. The name Madras originated even before the British presence was established in India, the name Madras is said to have originated from a Portuguese phrase mae de Deus which means mother of god, due to Portuguese influence on the port city. According to some sources, Madras was derived from Madraspattinam, a north of Fort St George. However, it is whether the name was in use before the arrival of Europeans. The British military mapmakers believed Madras was originally Mundir-raj or Mundiraj, Madras might have also been derived from the word Madhuras meaning juice of honey or sugarcane in Sanskrit. The nativity of name Chennai, being of Telugu origin is clearly proved by the historians. The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a deed, dated 8 August 1639
Chennai
–
Clockwise from top right:
Chennai Central,
Marina Beach,
Madras High Court,
TIDEL Park,
Ripon Building,
San Thome Basilica,
Kapaleeshwarar Temple,
Classical dance Bharata Natyam and
Valluvar Kottam.
Chennai
–
Clive House at
Fort St. George, Madras said to be the first English settlement in
India during 1609
Chennai
–
Surrender of the City of Madras in 1746 to de La Bourdonnais, by Jacques François Joseph Swebach
6.
Trivandrum
–
Thiruvananthapuram, formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the Evergreen city of India, Thiruvananthapuram was a trading post for spices, sandalwood and ivory. The city was ruled by the Ays and was captured by the rulers of Venad in tenth century A. D, in 1729, Marthanda Varma founded the princely state of Thiruvithamkoor and made Thiruvananthapuram the capital in 1745. It remained as a state ruled by Travancore under the loose governance of the British before joining the Indian Union in 1948. With nearly 80% of the software exports, Thiruvananthapuram is a major IT hub with the Technopark. Indias first and only magic academy, Magic Academy Research Centre run by Merlin award-winning magician Gopinath Muthukad is situated in Thiruvananthapuram, the city is home to animation companies like Toonz India Ltd and Tata Elxsi Ltd. The Kinfra Film and Video Park is one of the most advanced film and it is consistently ranked among the best cities to live in Kerala as well as India. The city was referred to as Trivandrum until 1991, when the government decided to reinstate the citys original name Thiruvananthapuram. Thiruvananthapuram is an ancient region with trading traditions dating back to 1000 BCE, the city was a trading post for spices, sandalwood and ivory. The early rulers of the city were the Ays and after their fall in the 10th century, in 1729, Marthanda Varma founded the princely state of Thiruvithamkoor and Thiruvananthapuram was made the capital in 1745 after shifting the capital from Padmanabhapuram in Tamil Nadu. In the mid-19th century, the city was under the reign of Swathi Thirunal, an observatory was established in 1837 with the Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library and the University College established in 1873. Several colleges were established by Moolam Thirunal, sree Moolam Assembly, established in 1904, was the first democratically elected legislative council in any Indian state. After Indian Independence in 1947, Travancore chose to join the Indian union, in 1949, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Travancore-Cochin, the state formed by the integration of Travancore with the Kingdom of Cochin. The king of Travancore, Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma, became the Rajpramukh of the Travancore-Cochin Union from 1 July 1949 until 31 October 1956, when the state of Kerala was formed on 1 November 1956, Thiruvananthapuram became its capital. The city has a population of 752,490 according to the 2011 census, the sex ratio is 1,032 females for every 1,000 males. In October 2010, the number of wards was increased from 86 to 100 post expansion of city limits by adding Sreekaryam, Vattiyoorkavu, Kudappanakunnu, hindus comprise 68. 5% of the population, Christians about 16. 7% and Muslims form 13. 7%. The major languages spoken are Malayalam and English, in Palayam in the city centre, there is a mosque, a temple and a Christian church next to each other as neighbours, establishing the communal harmony of Keralites
Trivandrum
–
Clockwise from top right:
Kovalam Beach,
Napier Museum,
Trivandrum Central,
Kowdiar Palace,
Niyamasabha Mandiram,
Infosys Building,
The Sculpture of Jalakanyaka Mermaid
Trivandrum
–
Seal
Trivandrum
–
Painting by
Raja Ravi Varma depicting
Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos being greeted by
Visakham Thirunal, with
Ayilyam Thirunal of Travancore looking on, during Buckingham's visit to Thiruvananthapuram,
Travancore in early 1880.
Trivandrum
–
Kowdiar Palace built in 1915 was the official residence of the
Travancore Royal Family.
7.
Boeing 737
–
The Boeing 737 is an American short- to medium-range twinjet narrow-body airliner. The 737 is Boeings only narrow-body airliner in production, with the 737 Next Generation variants currently being built, production has also begun on the re-engined and redesigned 737 MAX, which is set to enter service in 2017. Originally envisioned in 1964, the initial 737-100 made its first flight in April 1967, Next, the lengthened 737-200 entered service in April 1968. In the 1980s Boeing launched the -300, -400, and -500 models, the 737 Classics added capacity and incorporated CFM56 turbofan engines along with wing improvements. In the 1990s, Boeing introduced the 737 Next Generation, with changes including a redesigned, increased span laminar flow wing, upgraded glass cockpit. The 737 Next Generation comprises the four -600, -700, -800, Boeing Business Jet versions of the 737 Next Generation are also produced. The 737 series is the best-selling jet commercial airliner in history, the 737 has been continuously manufactured by Boeing since 1967 with 9,401 aircraft delivered and 4,423 orders yet to be fulfilled as of February 2017. Assembly of the 737 is performed at the Boeing Renton Factory in Renton, Washington, many 737s serve markets previously filled by 707,727,757, DC-9, and MD-80/MD-90 airliners, and the aircraft currently competes primarily with the Airbus A320 family. As of 2006, there were an average of 1,250 Boeing 737s airborne at any given time, Boeing had been studying short-haul jet aircraft designs and wanted to produce another aircraft to supplement the 727 on short and thin routes. Preliminary design work began on May 11,1964, and Boeings intense market research yielded plans for a 50- to 60-passenger airliner for routes 50 to 1,000 mi long, the launch decision was made by the board on 1 February 1965 for the $150 million development. Consultation with Lufthansa over the previous winter resulted in an increase in capacity to 100 seats, on April 5,1965, Boeing announced an order by United Airlines for 40 737s. United wanted a slightly larger airplane than the original 737, so Boeing stretched the fuselage 91 centimeters ahead of, and 102 cm behind the wing. The longer version was designated 737-200, with the original short-body aircraft becoming the 737-100, detailed design work continued on both variants at the same time. Boeing was far behind its competitors when the 737 was launched, as rival aircraft BAC-111, Douglas DC-9, to expedite development, Boeing used 60% of the structure and systems of the existing 727, the most notable being the fuselage cross-section. This fuselage permitted six-abreast seating compared to the rival BAC-111 and DC-9s five-abreast layout, design engineers decided to mount the nacelles directly to the underside of the wings to reduce the landing gear length and kept the engines low to the ground for easy ramp inspection and servicing. Originally, the arrangement of the airfoil sections of the 737 wing was planned to be very similar to that of the 707 and 727. However, an improvement in drag at high Mach numbers was achieved by altering these sections near the nacelle. The engine chosen was the Pratt & Whitney JT8D-1 low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, with the wing-mounted engines, Boeing decided to mount the horizontal stabilizer on the fuselage rather than the T-tail style of the Boeing 727
Boeing 737
–
Boeing 737
Boeing 737
–
The prototype 737, a -100 operated by
NASA for testing.
Boeing 737
–
An early-production Boeing 737-100 of
Lufthansa, the type's launch customer, at
Hannover Airport (1968).
Boeing 737
–
An early-production, retrofitted
United Airlines 737-200 with deployed thrust reversers
8.
Indian Airlines
–
Indian, formerly Indian Airlines was a major Indian airline based in Delhi and focused primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia. It was state-owned, and was administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and it was one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India. The airline officially merged into Air India on 27 February 2011, on 7 December 2005, the airline was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering. The airline operated closely with Air India, Indias national carrier, Alliance Air, a fully owned subsidiary of Indian. In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian would be merged into Air India, as part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited was established, into which both Air India and Indian would be merged. Once the merger was completed, the airline - called Air India - would continue to be headquartered in Mumbai, the airline was set up under the Air Corporations Act,1953 with an initial capital of 32 million and started operations on 1 August 1953. It was established after legislation came into force to nationalise the airline industry in India. Two new national airlines were to be formed along the lines as happened in the United Kingdom with British Overseas Airways Corporation. Air India took over international routes and Indian Airlines Corporation took over the domestic, International operations of Air India Ltd. was taken over by the newly formed Air India International. Indian Airlines Corporation inherited a fleet of 99 aircraft including 74 Douglas DC-3 Dakotas,12 Vickers Vikings,3 Douglas DC-4s, Vickers Viscounts were introduced in 1957 with Fokker F27 Friendships being delivered from 1961. The 1960s also saw Hawker Siddeley HS 748s, manufactured in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the jet age began for IAC with the introduction of the pure-jet Sud Aviation Caravelle airliner in 1964, followed by Boeing 737-200s in the early 1970s. April 1976 saw the first three Airbus A300 wide-body jets being introduced, the regional airline, Vayudoot, which had been established in 1981, was later reintegrated. By 1990, Airbus A320-200s were introduced, the economic liberalisation process initiated by the Government of India in the early 1990s ended Indian Airlines dominance of Indias domestic air transport industry. Indian Airlines faced tough competition from Jet Airways, Air Sahara, East-West Airlines, Skyline NEPC, as of 2005, Indian Airlines was the second largest airline in India after Jet Airways while Air Sahara controlled 17% of the Indian aviation industry. However, as of 2006, Indian Airlines was still a profit making airline, Indian Airlines Limited was partly owned by the Government of India through a holding company and has 19,300 employees as of March 2007. Its annual turn-over, together with that of its subsidiary Alliance Air, was well over 40 billions, together with its subsidiary, Alliance Air, Indian Airlines carried a total of over 7.5 million passengers annually. In December 2007, Air India was invited to join the Star Alliance, on 26 February 2011, Indian ceased operating under its own brand and codes with the merger with Air India being complete. Indian had codeshare agreements with the airlines, Alliance Air GMG Airlines Gulf Air Uzbekistan Airways Indian operated an all-Airbus fleet consisting of the A320 family
Indian Airlines
–
HS 748 built in India, operated by Indian Airlines, at Bombay Airport in 1974
Indian Airlines
–
Indian (airline)
Indian Airlines
–
One of the
Airbus A320s with old livery of Indian Airlines.Notice its double-bogie main landing gear
Indian Airlines
–
Executive class cabin of an Indian Airlines
Airbus A320
9.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)
–
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation is the Indian governmental regulatory body for civil aviation under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. This directorate investigates aviation accidents and incidents and it is headquartered along Sri Aurobindo Marg, opposite Safdarjung Airport, in New Delhi. The Government of India is planning to replace the organisation with a Civil Aviation Authority, endeavour to promote safe and efficient Air Transportation through regulation and proactive safety oversight system. These are classified and divided into the following, Administration Directorate, DGCA has fourteen Regional Airworthiness Offices at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Bhopal, Lucknow, Patna, Bhubaneshwar, Kanpur, Guwahati and Patiala. It has also five Regional Air Safety offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and it has a Regional Research and Development Office located at Bangalore and a Gliding Centre at Pune. The CAA has been envisaged as a regulatory body which will replace the DGCA. The CAA will have separate departments to deal with safety, economic regulation and grievance resolution and it will also have an independent accident investigation bureau. The Authority will also have the autonomy to recruit staff, currently, the DGCA is understaffed and does not have any recruitment powers. The CAA will have administrative and financial powers similar to those of the American FAA and these powers will redefine the regulators role and better equip it to face the challenges of the growing Aviation sector in the country. Employees working with DGCA will be transferred to the CAA, the estimated cost of establishing the new Authority would be around Rs.112 crore. The CAA would be self-financing and have a fund called the Civil Aviation Authority of India Fund that would finance its entire expenses. It would have a Chairperson, a Director General and 7-9 members appointed by the Central Government and these members will be qualified in the fields of aviation safety, aircraft engineering, flight standard operations, aerodromes, air navigation systems and air space management. Previously the DGCA conducted investigations and gave information to the established by the Court of Inquiry. A separate investigative agency was established to comply with the Standards And Recommended Practices of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, therefore, the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau was established in 2011. In January 1978 the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security was established as a department of the DGCA, as a result of the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182, on 1 April 1987 the BCAS became an independent agency of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Aviation in India Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)
–
Directorate General of Civil Aviation, India
10.
Fokker F27
–
The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner developed and manufactured by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It has the distinction of being the most numerous aircraft to have been manufactured in the Netherlands. Innovative manufacturing techniques were employed in the aircrafts construction. On 24 November 1955, the F27 performed its maiden flight, on 19 November 1958, shortly after its introduction, the F27 was recognised as being a commercial success. During the 1980s, Fokker developed a successor to the F27, the Fokker 50. In the aftermath of the Second World War, twin-engine all-metal monoplanes such as the successful Douglas DC-3 airliner dominated commuter aviation. Over 10,000 DC-3s had been manufactured during wartime, what had led to the type being highly available, by 1951, figures within Fokker were urging that design work be undertaken on a prospective 32-seat airliner intended as a direct replacement for the popular DC-3. Fokker sought the opinions of a number of existing DC-3 operators on what performance increases, on the basis of this feedback, the design team chose to incorporate various new technologies into the tentative design. In 1953, the proposed airliner received the name Friendship, on 24 November 1955, the first prototype, registered PH-NIV, performed its maiden flight. The second prototype and initial production machines were 0 and these aircraft were also powered by the Dart Mk 528 engine, which was capable of generating greater thrust. Throughout the F27s production life, Fokker F27 proceeded to adapt the design for various purposes and roles, the adaption of the type to produce several models for the purpose of performing as a military transport were also produced. Fokker also chose to design a model of the F27 for conducting maritime reconnaissance missions. During 1952, Fokker established a relationship with the American aircraft manufacturer Fairchild, in 1956, Fokker signed a licensing deal with Fairchild, under which the latter was authorised to manufacture the F27 in the USA. On 12 April 1958, the first American-built aircraft conducted its first flight, production of Fairchild built aircraft would continue until July 1973. Fairchild proceeded to developed a stretched version of the airliner. The majority of sales completed by Fairchild fell within the North American market, in the early 1980s, Fokker decided to develop a modernised successor to the F27 Friendship, designated as the Fokker 50. The Fokker 50 ultimately replaced the F27 in production, in November 1958, the first production aircraft, an F27-100 model, was delivered to Irish airline Aer Lingus, it performed its first revenue flight in the following month. In 1960, demand for the F27 increased rapidly as multiple airlines placed orders for the type
Fokker F27
–
F27 Friendship
Fokker F27
–
Aer Lingus was the first airline to operate the F27 Friendship
Fokker F27
–
Braathens SAFE F27-100 Friendship in August 1974
Fokker F27
–
F27-300M Troopship of the
Royal Netherlands Air Force in the mid 1970s
11.
Touch-and-go landing
–
In aviation, a touch-and-go landing or circuit is a maneuver that is common when learning to fly a fixed-wing aircraft. It involves landing on a runway and taking off again without coming to a full stop, usually the pilot then circles the airport in a defined pattern known as a circuit and repeats the maneuver. This allows many landings to be practiced in a short time, if the pilot brings the aircraft to a full stop before taking off again then it is known as stop-and-go. Touch-and-go landings are also crucial when a plane lands with not enough space to come to a complete stop, in British parlance, the maneuver is often called circuits and bumps. After seeing the threshold of the runway at 45 degrees behind him/her, the pilot then turns on the last leg, the final approach at which time clearance to land or for a touch-and-go must be received. In an non-towered airport, the pilot announces position and intent over the CTAF or UNICOM radio frequency to coordinate the flow of air traffic with any other pilots. Some flight instructors believe touch-and-gos should not be used, if at all. They argue that this results in less attention to learning to land properly. They note that neither the Federal Aviation Administrations Practical Test Standards nor its Airplane Flying Handbook discusses touch-and-gos, instructors who favor the use of touch-and-gos contend that it makes it possible to practice more landings per hour of instruction. Students doing touch-and-gos find it easier to master landing, particularly the final stage known as landing flare, preparing to take off while landing is a necessary safety skill, they add, because any pilot must be able to do it in order to reject a landing. In the United States Navy touch and go landings are part of training for carrier pilots, if they have been away from a carrier for 29 days they must do practice on a land runway and then do so at sea within 10 days. Before a carrier goes on patrol pilots will conduct training, for example, before the USS Ronald Reagan left on its summer 2016 patrol it planned to conduct 4200 touch and go landings. Media related to Touch-and-go at Wikimedia Commons
Touch-and-go landing
–
An Argentine Navy
Super Etendard commencing a touch-and-go landing on the
USS Ronald Reagan during
Gringo-Gaucho joint US-Argentine manoeuvres.
12.
Business Standard
–
Business Standard is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published by Business Standard Ltd in two languages, English and Hindi. Founded in 1975, the primarily covers India and international business. T. N. Ninan was editor from 1993 to 2009, in January 2010, Ninan became chairman and editorial director of BSL and was succeeded as editor of Business Standard by Dr Sanjaya Baru. He was the advisor to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Veteran journalist and editor Ashok K Bhattacharya took charge of the paper after Baru quit to join a UK based think tank in 2011, the paper is Indias second largest business daily and employs more than 200 business journalists, including Nitin Sethi and Shyamal Majumdar. Govinda Rao, director of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, AV Rajwade, foreign exchange consultant, Business Standard sells 217,000 copies daily. ACNielsens survey of the Upper middle class and Rich Market in India places Business Standard next to The Economic Times in total readership, the paper has pioneered the ranking of the wealthiest Indians and provides an auto-mobile magazine as a free monthly supplement. In 2006, BSL began to produce a Sunday edition that is now published in four centres, the Hindi edition was launched in February 2008 from seven centres stretching from Mumbai in the west, running across the Hindi Belt, and to Kolkata in the east. BSL also publishes various periodicals, including BS Motoring, Indian Management, the newspapers website allows visitors to access the Business Standard e-paper, with a choice of editions. The Business Standard website receives 11.5 million page views and has 2 million unique users per month, in January 2010, it launched SmartInvestor, an information-cum-trading website for those interested in stock market. As of June 2016, Business Standard has become first Indian newspaper with high subscription to access to its articles. It has also started blocking access to users who use Adblocker tool on similar lines as to what Times of India, the Opinion pieces which are basically editorials are now locked for open access and can be seen as a locked key symbol on the webpage. The details of this deal between two news websites are not publicly known, ibibo Group acquires minority stake in cloud-based hotel solutions provider Djubo Official website Official website Business Standard
Business Standard
–
Business Standard
Business Standard
13.
Flight Global
–
Flightglobal is an online news and information website related to the aviation and aerospace industries. It also provides a community area for numerous distinct communities within the aviation, flightglobal is a resource for aviation history with a picture library of over 1 million images going back to the foundation of Flight in 1909. Thousands of images and back copies of Flight are searchable online, flightglobal won the prize for of Business Website of the Year at the Association of Online Publishers Digital Publishing Awards 2010. According to the contest judges, The site uses the spectrum of digital tools, with a special focus on engagement
Flight Global
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Flightglobal
14.
Outlook (magazine)
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Outlook is a weekly general interest English news magazine published in India. Outlook was first issued in October 1995 with Vinod Mehta as the editor in chief, the magazine is owned by the Raheja group. The publisher is Outlook Publishing India Pvt. Ltd and it features contents from politics, sports, cinema, and stories of broad interests. Rajesh Ramachandran ABHISHEK CHAUDHARY Editor Krishna Prasad Rajesh Ramachandran e Tarun Tejpal Vinod Mehta Arundhati Roy Official website
Outlook (magazine)
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The 17th Anninersary Issue of Outlook
Outlook (magazine)
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First Issue of Outlook
15.
Hindustan Times
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Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper founded in 1924 with roots in the Indian independence movement of the period. The newspaper is owned by Rajya Sabha M. P. Shobhana Bhartia and it is the flagship publication of HT Media. Hindustan Times is one of the largest newspapers in India, by circulation, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 1.16 million copies as of November 2015. The Indian Readership Survey 2014 revealed that HT is the second most widely read English newspaper in India after The Times of India. It is popular in North India, with editions from New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Bhopal. The print location of Jaipur was discontinued from June 2006 and that of Nagpur edition was discontinued from September 1997, HT launched a youth daily, HT Next, in 2004. The Mumbai edition was launched on 14 July 2005 and the Kolkata edition was launched in early 2000. In 2014 however, Hindustan Times was ranked 360th among Indias most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory, other sister publications of Hindustan Times are Mint, Hindustan, Nandan and Kadambani. Hindustan Times is owned by the KK Birla branch of the Birla family, Hindustan Times was founded in 1924 by Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, founder-father of the Akali movement and the Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab Province. S Mangal Singh Gill and S. Chanchal Singh were made in charge of the newspaper, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Tara Singh were among the members of the Managing Committee. The Managing Chairman and Chief Patron was Master Sunder Singh Lyallpuri, K. M. Panikkar was its first editor, Devdas Gandhi on the editors panel, and later editor. The opening ceremony was performed by Mahatma Gandhi on 26 September 1924, the first issue was published from Naya Bazar, Delhi. As an Oxonian, historian, and litterateur, Panikkar must have hoped to make his paper eventually more than an Akali sheet and he became the editor and funds flowed freely from activist Akali patrons. He exerted himself strenuously, but the paper made very little headway, in two years Panikkar could not take the print order any higher than 3,000. By then the Akali movement appeared to lose steam and funds dried up, the paper was saved from an untimely demise when Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya stepped in to realise his vision of a newspaper in Delhi. Malaviya raised ₹50,000 rupees to acquire the Hindustan Times along with the help of nationalist leaders Lajpat Rai and M. R. Jayakar and industrialist G. D. Birla, Birla took full control of the paper in 1933. The paper continues to be owned by the Birla family and it has its roots in the Indian independence movement of the first half of the twentieth century and even faced the noted Hindustan Times Contempt Case at Allahabad High Court. It was edited at times by many important people in India, including Devdas Gandhi, Sri Mulgaonkar, B. G. Verghese, sanjoy Narayan was editor in chief of the paper from August 2008 till July 2016
Hindustan Times
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The 28 March 2010 front page of Hindustan Times
Hindustan Times
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Hindustan Times House,
New Delhi
16.
AirAsia India
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AirAsia India is an Indian low cost carrier headquartered in Chennai, India. The airline is a joint venture with AirAsia Berhad holding 49% stake in the airline, Tata Sons holding 40. 06% and Arun Bhatia holding the remaining 10% through his company, Air Asia India commenced operations on 12 June 2014 with Bangalore as its primary hub. AirAsia is the first foreign airline to set up a subsidiary in India, as of February 2016, AirAsia India is the fourth largest low cost carrier in India, after IndiGo, GoAir and SpiceJet with a market share of 2. 2%. In March 2013, AirAsia announced that it would establish a joint venture with Tata Sons, the airliner planned to operate with the worlds lowest unit cost of ₹1.25 per available seat Kilometre and a passenger break-even load factor of 52%. It also planned to hedge 100% of its requirements for the first three years and to achieve an aircraft turnaround time of 25 minutes. AirAsia planned to begin operations to various tier 2 and tier 3 cities with Chennai International Airport as its operating base. According to KPMG, the introduction of AirAsia was expected to cause another price war, ultimately leading to an increase in air traffic, AirAsia initially invested an amount of US$50 million and in preparation for its operations in India, it struck deals with online and offline travel agents. On 3 March 2013, the FIPB officially permitted AirAsia to rent or lease aircraft, the airline then applied for permission to schedule aircraft and transport passengers, which the FIPB accepted on 6 March. AirAsia India was established on 28 March 2013 and became the first foreign airline to set up a subsidiary in India, in April, the airline started recruiting candidates for pilots and cabin crew. As the final procedure to obtain Air Operator Permit, a flight was conducted on 1 and 2 May 2014 flying from Chennai to Kochi, Bangalore. On 7 May 2014, the DGCA issued an Air Operator Permit to the company, on 30 May 2014, the airline announced the shifting of its base to Bangalore and its first flight from there to Goa. AirAsia operated its maiden flight on 12 June 2014, in June 2015, the airline made Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi its secondary hub for North Indian operations. In August 2015, Tata Sons increased its stake to 40. 06% from 30% earlier by injecting fresh equity while Telestras share was reduced to 10% from 20%. As of February 2016, AirAsia India is the fourth largest low cost carrier in India, far behind IndiGo, SpiceJet and GoAir, AirAsia India is headquartered in Chennai, India. On 15 May 2013, AirAsia India appointed management consultant Mittu Chandilya as CEO, a month later, on 17 June, S. Ramadorai, the non-executive vice-chairman of Tata Consultancy Services, was appointed as the chairman of the airline. In April 2016, Amar Abrol replaced Mittu Chandilya as the CEO of the airline, AirAsia India currently operates to the following destinations in India. The airlines first Airbus A320-200 was delivered to Chennai International Airport on 22 March 2014, the airline has received in-principle approval to import ten A320-200 aircraft. On 21 March 2015, AirAsia India unveiled its fourth aircraft with a dedicated to aviation pioneer JRD Tata
AirAsia India
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AirAsia India
17.
Air India
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Air India is the flag carrier airline of India and the third-largest airline in India in terms of passengers carried, after IndiGo and Jet Airways. It is owned by Air India Limited, a Government of India enterprise and it is headquartered in New Delhi. Air India has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. Air India became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014, after World War II, it became a public limited company and was renamed as Air India. On 21 February 1960, it took delivery of its first Boeing 707–420 named Gauri Shankar, in 2000–01, attempts were made to privatise Air India and from 2006 onwards, it suffered losses after its merger with Indian Airlines. Air India also operates flights to domestic and Asian destinations through its subsidiaries Alliance Air and Air India Express, Air India uses the Airbus A320 family and Boeing 787 aircraft for selected domestic routes while long distance services use the Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 777-200LR,747 and 787 aircraft. Air Indias mascot is the Maharajah and the logo consists of a swan with the wheel of Konark inside it. Air India had its origin in Tata Sons, founded by J. R. D. Tata, in April 1932, Tata won a contract to carry mail for Imperial Airways and the aviation department of Tata Sons was formed with two single-engine de Havilland Puss Moths. On 15 October 1932, Tata flew a Puss Moth carrying air mail from Karachi to Bombay and the continued to Madras piloted by Nevill Vintcent. The airline fleet consisted of a Puss Moth aircraft and a Leopard Moth, initial service included weekly airmail service between Karachi and Madras via Ahmedabad and Bombay. In its first year of operation, the airline flew 160,000 miles, carrying 155 passengers and 9.72 tonnes of mail, later, the airline launched a domestic flight from Bombay to Trivandrum with a six-seater Miles Merlin. In 1938, it was re-christened as Tata Air Services and later as Tata Airlines, Delhi and Colombo were added to the destinations in 1938. During the Second World War, the airline helped the Royal Air Force with troop movements, shipping of supplies, rescue of refugees and maintenance of planes. After World War II, regular service was restored in India. After the Indian independence in 1947, 49% of the airline was acquired by the Government of India in 1948, on 8 June 1948, a Lockheed Constellation L-749A named Malabar Princess took off from Bombay bound for London Heathrow marking the airlines first international flight. In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act, the company was renamed as Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines as a part of restructuring. From 1948 to 1950, the airline introduced services to Nairobi in Africa and to major European destinations Rome, Paris, the airline took delivery of its first Lockheed Constellation L-1049 named Rani of Jhansi and inaugurated services to Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore. On 21 February 1960, Air India International inducted its first Boeing 707–420 named Gauri Shankar, the airline inaugurated services to New York on 14 May 1960
Air India
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Tata Air Service
Air India
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Air India
Douglas DC-3 at
London Heathrow Airport (1958)
Air India
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Air India
Lockheed Super Constellation at
Prague Ruzyně Airport (1961)
Air India
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Air India
Boeing 707-320B (1976)
18.
Air India Express
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Air India Express is an Indian low-cost carrier headquartered in Kochi. It is operated by Air India Charters Limited, an owned subsidiary of flag carrier airline Air India. It operates around 550 flights per week to 29 destinations including the Middle East and Southeast Asia, Air India Express came to being on 29 April 2005, with the launch of three flights that took off simultaneously from Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode. Air India Express was Air India’s response to the popularity of LCCs worldwide. Being an LCC, the airline operates point-to-point flights without any hub, in December 2012, Air India ratified the proposal to move the headquarters to Kochi in January 2013 and for establishing a new MRO base at Thiruvananthapuram. Presently, the airline carries out 596 weekly departures, involving about 1400 flight hours at an average length of about 3.75 hours. In terms of capacity, the airline offers about 170 million ASKMs per week and its distribution system is entirely web-based. The company also launched the Air India Express Mobile App for making and modifying bookings and other customer, on 3 September 2016 the company announced that it had earned a net profit for the first time since its inception. As per the accounts placed and approved by airline’s Board of Directors, the airline made a net profit of Rs.361.68 Cr. in FY 2015-16 against the loss of Rs.61 Cr. registered in FY 2014-15. In the FY 2015-16, the airline witnessed a passenger load factor of 82. 3% against 81. 4% in the previous year, the airline carried around 2.80 million passengers against 2.62 million carried in the previous year. The airline has carried 1.64 million passengers during the period, Air India Express focuses on providing international flights from Tier II cities in India, to the Gulf and South East Asia. It maintains aircraft bases at Dubai International Airport and at Mumbais Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, as of November 2016, the airline flies to 14 international destinations from 15 Indian cities. It expanded operations to Delhi beginning May 2016, on the domestic front, the airline operates around 200 flights per week, from the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The airline has increased its focus on the Kozhikode market, the largest revenue centre of the airline, on 15 September 2016, Air India Express became the first airline to connect Chandigarh directly to an international destination by the introduction of a new thrice-weekly service to Sharjah. Air India Express has also introduced direct flights to Sharjah from Tiruchirappalli. On 2 December 2016, Air India Express launched its first flight to Riyadh from Kozhikkode Karipur International Airport, kozhikode-Riyadh is the longest service in Air India Express’ network. Air India Express now operates 134 services per week between Kozhikode and the Middle East, making Kozhikode the single largest on-line destination for the Airline, the airline enhanced its frequency on this sector to five days a week, from Feb 18,2017. The aircraft crashed into a valley at the end of the runway
Air India Express
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Air India Express Boeing 737-800 at Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Air India Express
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Air India Express Boeing 737-800 at
Mangalore International Airport
Air India Express
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Air India Express Landing at Calicut
Air India Express
19.
GoAir
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GoAir is a low-cost carrier based in Mumbai, India. It is owned by the Indian business conglomerate Wadia Group, in 2016 it was the fifth largest airline in India with an 8% passenger market share. It commenced operations in November 2005 and operates a fleet of Airbus A320 aircraft in all economy configuration, as of April 2017, the airline operates over 140 daily flights to 23 cities from its hubs at Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. GoAir was founded in 2005 by Jehangir Wadia, son of Indian industrialist Nusli Wadia, the airline is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Wadia Group. GoAir commenced its operations using an Airbus A320 aircraft and operated its inaugural flight from Mumbai to Ahmedabad on 4 November 2005, the airline initially operated with a single aircraft to four destinations including Goa and Coimbatore with plans to induct 36 aircraft by 2008. In March 2008, the airline announced revised plans to operate 11 aircraft and service new destinations in North East, but increasing fuel prices forced GoAir to cut down the existing number of flights in June 2008. In January 2009, British Airways was interested in buying a stake in the airline, in November 2009, GoAir entered into talks with Indian airline SpiceJet over a possible merger which ended in a no deal. In April 2012, GoAir became the fifth largest airline in India in terms of market share following the demise of Kingfisher Airlines, in 2013, the airline appointed investment bank JP Morgan to scout for potential investors. The airlines growth has been compared to other airlines established at the same time such as IndiGo and SpiceJet. As of February 2016, it remains the fifth largest carrier in the country with an 8% market share, the airline is planning for an Initial Public Offering in 2016. The airline took delivery of its 20th aircraft in June 2016, the airline is headquartered in Mumbai, India. Jehangir Wadia has served as the Managing Director of the airline since its inception in November 2005, in April 2016, Wolfgang Prock-Schauer, the CEO of the airline, also became the joint Managing Director. GoAir aircraft are painted in different colour such as blue. In 2011, the announced that all its aircraft will convert to a new grey colour scheme. As of April 2016, GoAir operates to 22 destinations in India, the airline maintains hubs at Delhis Indira Gandhi International Airport and Mumbais Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. In June 2016, GoAir became eligible for international operations but does not yet operate any, GoAir operates a fleet of Airbus A320 aircraft in an all economy configuration. As of March 2017, the fleet of GoAir consists of the following aircraft, in June 2011, GoAir placed an order for 72 Airbus A320neo aircraft worth ₹32,400 crore. Deliveries will begin from 2016, with a rate of 12–15 aircraft per year
GoAir
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GoAir Airbus A320 at
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
GoAir
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GoAir
20.
IndiGo
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Indigo is a deep and rich color close to the color wheel blue, as well as to some variants of ultramarine. The color indigo is named after the indigo dye derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria, the first known recorded use of indigo as a color name in English was in 1289. Species of Indigofera were cultivated in Peru, India, East Asia, the earliest direct evidence for the use of indigo dates to around 4000 BCE and comes from Huaca Prieta, in contemporary Peru. Pliny mentions India as the source of the dye, imported in small quantities via the Silk Road, the Greek term for the dye was Ἰνδικὸν φάρμακον, which, adopted to Latin as indicum and via Portuguese gave rise to the modern word indigo. El Salvador has lately been the biggest producer of indigo, Indigo was actually a plant that got its name because it came from the Indus Valley, discovered some 5,000 years ago, where it was called nila, meaning dark blue. And by the 7th Century BC, people starting using the plant as a dye — the Mesopotamians were even carving out recipes for making indigo dye onto clay tablets for record-keeping. By 1289, knowledge of the dye made its way to Europe, but it wasn’t until 1640 when demand started to pick up for indigo. Spanish explorers discovered an American species of Indigo and began to cultivate the product in Guatemala, the English and French subsequently began to encourage indigo cultivation in their colonies in the West Indies. Indigo dye could be made from two different types of plants — the indigo plant, which produced the best results, the British were producing indigo with woad, a plant that yielded a lesser quality dye, but a plant they could grow. They even tried to hold their monopoly on indigo dye by managing to ban the indigo plant for years, but eventually the British began to focus on tea and other crops — and meanwhile, the French started to get their fair share of the market. The French had gone to war with Britain, so the British could hardly rely on the French for this precious blue dye, consequently, the British had to turn to their colonies in America. It was Eliza Lucas from South Carolina who figured out how to grow the indigo plant, the same indigo dye is contained in the woad plant, Isatis tinctoria, for a long time the main source of blue dye in Europe. Woad was replaced by true indigo as trade routes opened up, the Early Modern English word indigo referred to the dye, and not to the color itself, and indigo is not traditionally part of the basic color-naming system. Modern sources place indigo in the spectrum between 420 and 450 nanometers, which lies on the side of color wheel blue. However, the correspondence of this definition with colors of actual indigo dyes is disputed, isaac Newton introduced indigo as one of the seven base colors of his work. In a pivotal experiment in the history of optics, the young Newton shone a narrow beam of sunlight through a prism to produce a band of colors on the wall. He linked the seven prismatic colors to the seven notes of a major scale, as shown in his color wheel, with orange. Indigo is therefore counted as one of the colors of the rainbow
IndiGo
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A piece of indigo plant dye from India, about 2.5 inches (6 cm) square
IndiGo
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Extract of natural indigo applied to paper
IndiGo
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Newton's observation of prismatic colors. Comparing this to a color image of the visible light spectrum will show that "Indigo" corresponds to
blue, while "Blue" corresponds to
cyan.
IndiGo
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Indigo is created in potholes carved in pumice "tufgrond" in Karoland,
Sumatra
21.
Jet Airways
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Jet Airways is an Indian airline based in Mumbai. In 2016, it was the second largest airline in India after IndiGo with a 21. 2% passenger market share, incorporated in April 1992 as a limited liability company, the airline began operations as an air taxi operator in 1993. It began full-fledged operations in 1995 with international flights added in 2004, the airline went public in 2005 and in 2007, it acquired Air Sahara. It became the largest carrier in the country by 2010 before being eclipsed by IndiGo in 2012, Jet Airways was incorporated as a limited liability company on 1 April 1992. It started operations as an air taxi operator on 5 May 1993 with a fleet of four leased Boeing 737-300 aircraft, the airline was granted a scheduled airline status on 14 January 1995. On 12 May 1994, all the shares were transferred to Tailwinds International, whose equity capital was held by Naresh Goyal, Gulf Air and Kuwait Airways. In October 1997, as per the directive of Ministry of Civil Aviation forbidding foreign investment in passenger airlines, the airline launched its first international flight in March 2004 from Chennai and Colombo. The company was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and became public on 28 December 2004, in January 2006, Jet Airways announced its intention to acquire Air Sahara for US$500 million in an all-cash deal, however, the deal fell through in June 2006. On 12 April 2007, the deal was back on track with Jet Airways agreeing to pay ₹14.5 billion, on 16 April 2007, Air Sahara was renamed as JetLite and was marketed between a low-cost carrier and a full service airline. JetLite became a wholly owned subsidiary of Jet Airways, in August 2008, Jet Airways announced its plans to integrate JetLite into Jet Airways. In October 2008, Jet Airways laid off 1,900 of its employees, on 8 May 2009, Jet Airways launched another low-cost brand, Jet Konnect. It operated a fleet of Boeing 737 Next Generation and ATR72 aircraft, in the third quarter of 2010, Jet Airways became the largest airline in India with a passenger market share of 22. 6%. In July 2012, the airline officially sought government approval to join Star Alliance, in June 2011, it became the first domestic airline in India to ban meat products and liquids in check-in baggage. Jet Airways merged the JetLite brand into Jet Konnect on 25 March 2012, in 2013, Etihad Airways planned to buy a stake in the airline following the governments announcement in September 2012 that foreign airlines could take a stake of up to 49% in Indian carriers. On 24 April 2013, Jet announced that it was ready to sell a 24% stake in the airline to Etihad for US$379 million, the deal which was expected to be signed in January 2013 was postponed and was completed on 12 November 2013. In 2013, the airline lowered prices and entered into war with low-cost carriers IndiGo. In February 2013, the market value dropped by ₹484 crore owing to falling share prices. Jet Airways made profits in the quarter of the financial year 2013-14
Jet Airways
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Airbus A330-202 VT-JWL in Hong Kong
Jet Airways
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Jet Airways
Boeing 777-300ER at
San Francisco International Airport
Jet Airways
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A Jet Airways
ATR 72-500
Jet Airways
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Jet Airways
Airbus A340-300 at
London Heathrow Airport in 2005 with the 1993-2007 livery
22.
SpiceJet
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SpiceJet is a low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, India. It is the fourth largest airline in the country by number of passengers carried, the airline operates 306 daily flights to 45 destinations, including 39 Indian and 6 international destinations from its hubs at Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad. Established as air taxi provider ModiLuft in 1994, the company was acquired by Indian entrepreneur Ajay Singh in 2004, the airline operated its first flight in May 2005. Indian media baron Kalanidhi Maran acquired a stake in SpiceJet in June 2010 through Sun Group which was sold back to Ajay Singh in January 2015. The airline operates a fleet of Boeing 737 and Bombardier Dash aircraft, the origins of SpiceJet can be tracked back to March 1984 when the company was established by Indian industrialist S. K. Modi to provide private air taxi services. On 17 February 1993, the company was named as MG Express, the airline provided passenger and cargo services under the name of Modiluft before ceasing operations in 1996. In 2004, the company was acquired by Ajay Singh and the airline planned to restart operations as SpiceJet following the low-cost model, SpiceJet leased two Boeing 737-800 aircraft in 2005 and planned to order 10 new aircraft for expansion. SpiceJet opened bookings on 18 May 2005 and the first flight was operated between Delhi and Mumbai on 24 May 2005, by July 2008, it was Indias third-largest low-cost carrier in terms of market share after Air Deccan and IndiGo. Indian media baron Kalanidhi Maran acquired 37. 7% stake in SpiceJet in June 2010 through Sun Group, the airline ordered 30 Boeing 737-8 aircraft worth US$2.7 billion July 2010 and a further 15 Bombardier Q4 Dash short-haul aircraft worth US$446 million in December 2010. In 2012, SpiceJet suffered a loss of over ₹390 million owing to increase in crude prices. The Bombay Stock Exchange announced that ever since June 2011, SpiceJet had been suffering losses, in 2012, Kalanidhi Maran increased his stake in the airline by investing ₹1 billion in the airline. The airline returned to profits at the end of the same year, in 2013, SpiceJet entered into an inter airline pact with Tigerair on 16 December 2013 which was later scrapped in January 2015. In July 2014, SpiceJet announced up to 50 percent discount in air due to competition. In August 2014, SpiceJet became the second largest carrier in terms of market share after IndiGo. In December 2014, financial losses and unpaid dues led to cancellation of many domestic flights, on 17 December 2014, all flights were grounded after oil companies refused to refuel its planes due to non-payment of dues with flights resuming the next day. In January 2015, the Sun group sold its entire shareholding, in 2015, SpiceJets operations experienced a significant turn around with 93 percent of available seats on flights being filled and only 0.13 percent of scheduled flights canceled each month. The airline became profitable in the first three quarters of the year 2015, in contrast to the previous five quarters when it suffered losses. As of October 2016, it is the fourth largest airline in India in terms of passengers carried with a 12.9 percent market share, SpiceJet is headquartered in Gurgaon, India
SpiceJet
–
SpiceJet Boeing 737-900ER taking off from
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad
23.
Vistara
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Tata SIA Airlines Limited, operating as Vistara, is an Indian domestic airline based in Gurgaon with its hub at Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport. The carrier, a joint venture between Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines, commenced operations on 9 January 2015 with its flight between Delhi and Mumbai. The airline had carried more than two passengers by June 2016 and as of April 2016, has a 2. 3% share of the domestic carrier market. The airline operates to eighteen destinations with a fleet of Airbus A320-200 aircraft, Vistara was the first airline to introduce premium economy seats on domestic routes in India. The airline was founded in 2013 as a joint venture between Indias conglomerate Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines, the two companies had made a bid in the mid-1990s to launch a full service carrier in India that was unsuccessful, being denied regulatory approval by the Indian government. With India opening up its sector for 49 percent foreign direct investment in 2012, Tata. Indias Foreign Investment Promotion Board approved the JV in October 2013, the two parent companies initially pledged to invest a combined US$100mn as start-up capital, with Tata Sons owning 51 percent and Singapore Airlines owning the remaining 49 percent. This was part of Tatas second major foray into the sector along with a minority stake in AirAsia India. The companys first venture, Tata Airlines, was established in the 1930s, the company unveiled its brand identity Vistara on 11 August 2014. The name was taken from the Sanskrit word Vistaar, meaning limitless expanse, Vistara received its air operators certificate from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation on 15 December 2014 and started operations on 9 January 2015. Vistara became the first carrier to operate services out of the new Terminal 2 at Mumbais Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. On 24 August 2015, Vistara inaugurated the Aviation Security Training Institute, the institute has secured the necessary approvals from the nodal body Bureau of Civil Aviation Security. From the first month of operation, Vistara consistently achieved very high on-time performance records of over 90 percent, on 20 August 2015, Vistara declared it had carried half a million passengers in just over seven months of operations. As of February 2016, Vistara has a share of 2% in the carrier market. On 15 April 2014, Vistara chose Mr Phee Teik Yeoh as the executive officer and Mr Giam Ming Toh as the chief commercial officer. In March 2015, Vistara shifted to its new office at the One Horizon Center tower in Sector 43, Gurgaon, initially it started out with a three-member board comprising Swee Wah Mak, Mukund Rajan and Prasad Menon, with the latter as chairman. In January 2016, Bhaskar Bhat, present Managing Director of Titan, the airline took delivery of the last of its thirteen original Airbus A320 aircraft in October 2016 and plans to receive its seven Airbus A320neo aircraft by mid-2018. Being a full-service carrier, Vistara offers 8 business class seats, the business class seats are 20.12 inches wide with 42 inches seat pitch
Vistara
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Vistara's first Airbus A320 aircraft (VT-TTB) at Delhi IGI Airport
Vistara
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Vistara
Vistara
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Club Vistara, frequent-flier program of Vistara
24.
JetLite
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JetLite was a low-cost subsidiary of Jet Airways. It was formerly known as Air Sahara until the buyout by Jet Airways which rebranded the airline as JetLite, initially services were primarily concentrated in the northern sectors of India, keeping Delhi as its base, and then operations were extended to cover all the country. Sahara Airlines was rebranded as Air Sahara on 2 October 2000, on 22 March 2004 it became an international carrier with the start of flights from Chennai to Colombo, later expanding to London, Singapore, Maldives and Kathmandu. It had also planned to become the first private Indian carrier to serve China with flights to Guangzhou from winter 2006, however this did not materialize. The uncertainty over the airlines fate caused its share of the domestic Indian air transport market go down from approximately 11% in January 2006 to a reported 8. 5% in April 2007. Jet Airways announced its first takeover attempt on 19 January 2006, market reaction to the deal was mixed, with many analysts suggesting that Jet Airways was paying too much for Air Sahara. The deal gave Jet a combined market share of about 32%. On 16 April Jet Airways announced that Air Sahara will be renamed as Jetlite, the takeover was officially completed on 20 April, when Jet Airways paid ₹4 billion. Jetlite was merged with Jet Airways inhouse low cost brand JetKonnect on 25 March 2012 as a move towards operating under one brand, the aircraft fleet is also progressively being repainted in Jet Airways livery. On 8 March 1994, a Sahara Airlines Boeing 737-2R4C was engaged in a flight with an instructor and 3 trainee pilots. The wreckage of aircraft hit an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-86 aircraft parked on Bay No.45 as a result of which it caught fire. Two Aeroflot employees, a Russian ground engineer and an airport worker were killed on the ground. The accident occurred due to application of wrong rudder by trainee pilot during engine failure exercise, capt. did not guard/block the rudder control and give clear commands as Instructor so as to obviate the application of wrong rudder control by the trainee pilot. Jet Airways Media related to JetLite at Wikimedia Commons Air Sahara Official Website
JetLite
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JetKonnect
JetLite
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A Jetlite Boeing 737-800 at
Kathmandu Airport
JetLite
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A
Bombardier CRJ200 aircraft in Air Sahara livery at
Ranchi Airport c.2005
25.
TruJet
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Turbo Megha Airways Pvt Ltd, operating under the brand name TruJet, is an Indian low-cost regional airline based at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad. It was founded in 2013 by Vankayalapati Umesh, managing director of Turbo Aviation, the airline, which began operations in July 2015, focuses on connecting Tier-2 cities and targets pilgrims and middle class travellers. As of November 2016, TruJet flies to ten destinations in India using four ATR72 aircraft, Turbo Megha Airways Pvt Ltd was incorporated on 14 March 2013. The airline obtained a No Objection Certificate from the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 21 July 2014 and it adopted the brand name TruJet in February 2015. TruJet has been established as a low-cost carrier providing connectivity between Tier-2 cities using ATR72 aircraft and it appeals to middle class travellers and pilgrims. TruJet received its air operators certificate from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation on 7 July 2015, the airline commenced operations on 12 July with a flight from its Hyderabad hub to Tirupati. TruJet is headquartered in Hyderabad, a city in the Indian state of Telangana and it is backed by 20 investors. Vankayalapati Umesh serves as managing director, Telugu actor Ram Charan is a director and brand ambassador, V. Umesh founded the airline and is also the managing director of Turbo Aviation, a ground support equipment manufacturer and charter airline. The airlines livery features a peacock on the tail, symbolising TruJets Indian roots and its desire to provide graceful, joyful, the airline also provides a free bus service for its passengers travelling between Aurangabad Airport and Shirdi, a pilgrimage site. Media related to TruJet at Wikimedia Commons Official website
TruJet
–
TruJet
26.
Deccan Charters
–
Deccan Charters is an aviation company based in Bengaluru, India that operates helicopter and fixed-wing charter services. Its main base is HAL Bangalore International Airport and it has two sub brands under which it provides specialised charter services, Deccan Powerfly and Deccan Shuttles. The airline started operations on 3 December 1997. as Deccan Aviation and it established Kingfisher Red, a low-cost airline in March 2003. It also has a 48% stake in Millennium Airlines, Air Deccan was acquired by Kingfisher airlines in 2006. Deccan Charters Ltd. initiated non-scheduled chartered services in Gujarat under the name of Deccan Shuttles in August 2012. This service connected Ahmedabad, Surat, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar and Kandla, in April 2013, Deccan announced its decision to suspend all Gujarat operations citing poor patronage. The Powerfly brand provides an air charter membership program through which customers can access Jets, Turbo Props and Helicopters of Deccan Charters, Taj Air, Bjets and other partners
Deccan Charters
–
Deccan Shuttles
Cessna 208 in August 2012 at
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport.
27.
Jagson Airlines
–
Jagson Airlines is an air charter company based in Delhi, India. It operates charter services between India, Bhutan and Nepal, the company started charter operations in November 1991 with two 18-seat Dornier 228-201 aircraft. Jagsons Airlines Limited was incorporated in January 1994 to operate services under the open sky policy of the Government. The company was promoted by J. P. Gupta, Pradeep Kumar Gupta, the company was to acquire four aircraft but commenced started operations with one Do 228. In 2006, they announced plans to expand their services to 9 cities, the airline received its regional airline licence from the DGCA in early 2009 but the regional services never took off within the stipulated 18 months, causing its regional airline license to lapse. However Jagson continued to possess its Non Scheduled Operator license, the company currently offers only charter service from Delhi and Mumbai. Jagson Airlines has the license but does not operate scheduled flights As of 2014
Jagson Airlines
–
A Jagson Airlines
Dornier 228 aircraft in current livery
28.
Pawan Hans
–
Pawan Hans Limited is a helicopter service company based in New Delhi, India. Pawan Hans is a Mini Ratna-I category PSU and it has cumulatively flown more than 1 million hours and has had 2.5 million landings on its fleet since its formation. The operations are based at the Juhu Aerodrome in Vile Parle and these are considered as backbone of Lakshadweep and Minicoy Islands which are far flung from Indian shores extending up to 400–500 km into Arabian sea, Vaishno Devi Helicopter service for devotees. Service to BSF and Maharashtra Police for Medical and Logistics support in event of maoist attack on troops, rohini Heliport owned by Pawan Hans, will inaugurated by Union Civil Aviation Minister, Ashok Gajapathi Raju on February 28,2017. The heliport, located north west of New Delhi, is the first of its kind in the country and it is a government owned enterprise with 78. 5% in government hands &21. 5% with ONGC. ONGC has upped its stake to 49% recently, a move that will see the equity base of PHL being enhanced to ₹245 crores from the existing ₹113 crores, the corporate office is located at Noida with regional offices at Delhi and Mumbai. The company has a net worth of ₹3,701.5 crores, Pawan Hans is Approved Maintenance Centre of Eurocopter and also the first ISO9001,2000 certified aviation company in India. Heliport Services MRO Services HEMS Pawan Hans fly to various points in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Sikkim, Nagaland, Odisha, West Bengal, while Meghalaya state is suspended, it resumed its service on 26 July 2012. Mukul Sangma, the minister of Meghalaya, took a personal ride in the helicopter to check if it is resumable or not. Pawan Hans jointly owns Jal Hans, Indias first amphibious aircraft service with the Andaman, in 2011, PHHLs operations in the North Eastern States of India came under serious public criticism due to safety issues. The operations were resumed in January 2013, but yet another accident took place on 4 August 2015 killing 3 people on board, including an IAS officer. On 22 Sept 2004, Meghalaya Community and Rural Development Minister Cyprian Sangma, two MLAs and a former Deputy Speaker were killed when a Pawan Hans helicopter A 365N crashed near Shillong. On 6 August 2010, a Pawan Hans crew member fell 10,000 feet to his death at Namsai in Arunachal Pradesh, on 16 Dec 2010, a Pawan Hans Dauphin 365 N3 helicopter crashed at Chandigarh Airport, leaving the pilots injured. On 19 April 2011, a Pawan Hans Mil Mi-17 on a flight from Guwahati to Tawang crashed in a gorge and caught fire, out of 23 people on board,17 were killed in the crash, while two more succumbed to burn injuries later. On 29 April 2011, a Pawan Hans AS350 B-3 helicopter carrying Dorjee Khandu, the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh and it was traced four days later near Lobthang. All five people were found dead, on 4 November 2015 Pawan Hans Helicopter employed in offshore oil platform service crashed in to Arabian Sea off the coast of Mumbai. The Helicopter was on night flying practice when the incident happened and was occupied by two pilots only, no passenger were present, both the pilots perished in the incident. Pawan Hans Official Website Pawan Hans fleet
Pawan Hans
–
On service at
Vaishno Devi to carry devotee from
Katra to
Vaishno Devi Dham
Pawan Hans
–
Pawan Hans
Pawan Hans
–
Pawan Hans owned
Aerospatiale Dauphin Medical Reconnaissance helicopter on display
29.
Air India Cargo
–
Air India Cargo was a cargo airline, it was the freight carrying subsidiary of Air India, based in Mumbai. It operated freighter aircraft services off and on at different stages of its history, although the company has stopped operating as an airline it continues to manage the belly cargo hold capacity of Air Indias passenger fleet. Air India Cargo was set up in 1954, and started its operations with a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. Between the 1980s and 1990s it operated Boeing 747 and Douglas DC-8 freighter aircraft on international routes through other companies. One of these was painted in Indian Airlines old livery for a brief period after conversion. All six aircraft were flying on Air India Cargo domestic routes, Air India also converted four of its Airbus A310-300s into freighters, these were deployed on the Dammam-Frankfurt route. After ending international operations two were leased out to new cargo startup Aryan Cargo Express, while a third was sold to an African company. In November 2007, Air India partnered with GATI, a leader and pioneer in express distribution, with rising competition from local cargo airlines as well as financial issues, Air India Cargo ended freighter aircraft operations in early 2012. Air India Cargo served the cities with freighter aircraft until January 2012. Air India Cargo operated the aircraft at January 2012, Airbus A310-300F Boeing 747-200F Douglas DC-3F Douglas DC-8-73F Official Website
Air India Cargo
–
Air India Cargo
Air India Cargo
–
Air India Cargo
Airbus A310-304F
30.
Air Costa
–
Air Costa is an Indian regional airline headquartered in Vijayawada and based out of Vijayawada Airport. It is owned by Indian business company LEPL Group and has a 0. 8% market share in the Indian domestic airline market as of February 2016. The airline commenced operations as an airline in October 2013 using two Embraer E-170 aircraft with the first flight taking off from Chennai on 16 October 2013. The airline got a permit for pan India operations in October 2016, the airline focuses on connectivity between tier II and tier III cities in the country and has invested ₹600 crore as of 2015. Air Costa operated 32 daily flights to nine destinations from its focus cities Chennai, the airline has a maintenance center in Chennai. On 28 February 2017, it was forced to suspend operations until further notice, Air Costa is owned by Indian business company LEPL Group. The airline received a No-Objection Certificate from the Ministry of Civil Aviation in February 2012, the airline initially planned to start operations with a fleet of Q400 aircraft but later announced its decision to acquire Embraer Jets at the Paris Air Show in June 2013. Air Costa received its Air Operators’ Permit from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation in September 2013, the airline commenced operations as a regional airline in October 2013 using two Embraer E-170 aircraft with the first flight taking off from its hub at Chennai on 16 October 2013. The airline focuses on connectivity between tier II and tier III cities in the country and has invested ₹600 crore as of 2015, Air Costa ordered 50 Embraer E-Jets E2 aircraft worth US$2.94 billion during the Singapore Airshow on 13 February 2014. The airline will become the Asian launch customer for the type when it takes the first delivery in 2018. In September 2015, Air Costa, which holds a regional airlines license, Air Costa received a no-objection certificate from the civil aviation ministry for pan-India operations on 19 December 2015. Two Embraer E-190s were added by September 2015, Air Costa added one more E-190 in December 2015 and plans to add three to five E-190 aircraft in its fleet in 2016. The airline had a 0. 8% market share in the Indian domestic airline market as of February 2016, on 28 February 2017, Air Costa was forced to suspend operations until further notice stating financial difficulties regarding the lease of aircraft. It has been reported that GECAS ceased two of the leased aircraft while a third one had already been returned to the lessor
Air Costa
–
Air Costa
31.
Air Pegasus
–
Air Pegasus was an Indian regional airline headquartered in Bangalore and based at Kempegowda International Airport. The airline was a subsidiary of Decor Aviation, an aircraft ground-handling services company and it commenced operations on 12 April 2015 with its inaugural flight between Bangalore and Hubli. The airline suspended operations on 27 July 2016, facing financial difficulties, at that time, Air Pegasus was serving eight airports across South India with a hub at Kempegowda International Airport in Bangalore, using a fleet of three ATR 72-500 aircraft. Their flying licence was suspended by DGCA on 22 November 2016, Air Pegasus has signed an agreement to sell up to 74% stake to FlyEasy, which is yet to commence operations in India. With this sale, Air Pegasus hopes to resume operations from March 2017 with the focus on regional connectivity, Air Pegasus took delivery of its first ATR72 aircraft in September 2014. It received its Air Operators Permit on 24 March 2015 and subsequently commenced operations from 12 April 2015 with its flight from Bangalore to Hubli. The airline suspended operations on 27 July 2016, claiming the suspension was temporary, however, the problems were later revealed to be financial in nature. Aircraft lessors approached the Indian Directorate General of Civil Aviation to deregister their three aircraft leased to Air Pegasus after the airline defaulted on rental payment. Air Pegasus agreed to pay back 50% of its dues to the lessors, Air Pegasus deal with the lessors collapsed, and the DGCA deregistered the airlines entire fleet in October 2016. At the end of the month, however, Air Pegasus managing director Shyson Thomas stated that he was working to obtain an ATR72 and to resume flights by 15 November. On 5 October 2016, DGCA issued a show cause notice to Air Pegasus, the regulator had given 15 days for the regional carrier to respond to its notice. As the carrier failed to give assurance on resumption of its operation, in May 2016, Air Pegasus was flying to the following destinations in India, At the time it suspended operations, Air Pegasus was operating three ATR 72-500s equipped with 66 economy-class seats. List of airlines of India Media related to Air Pegasus at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Air Pegasus
–
Air Pegasus
32.
Deccan 360
–
Deccan 360 also known as Deccan Cargo & Express Logistics was a cargo airline based in Bangalore, India. Deccan 360 began operations in November 2009, the company was set up by Capt. G. R, gopinath, former owner of Air Deccan, which he sold to Kingfisher Airlines. Deccan 360 began with three Airbus A310 cargo planes and five ATR cargo aircraft but the Airbuses had maintenance issues and were often grounded, Deccan returned these planes to the lessor in May 2011. and suspended operations in the same month. Renamed as Deccan Cargo and Express Logistics Pvt. Ltd. Ltd. — seeking recovery of amounts due to them by winding up the company, Deccan 360 previously served the following
Deccan 360
–
Airbus A310-300F of Deccan 360
33.
Archana Airways
–
Archana Airways was a regional airline based in New Delhi, India. It operated domestic scheduled services with a fleet of aircraft from 1994 to 2000. Archana Airways Limited was founded on 29 April 1991 and started its full operation in 1993 with three brand new Czech built L-410 UVP-E9,17 seater commuter aircraft. In 1994 the company was granted scheduled airlines status by Government of India through Director General of Civil Aviation, archana was among the smallest of the 30 old aviation companies which had come into being by 1994. The airline quickly set up facilities, for overhaul of aircraft and training programs for pilots, cabin attendants, traffic assistants. Archana was operating its schedule flight to Kullu, Shimla, Jaipur, Udaipur and Jodhpur sector, in the beginning of 1995, to connect more sectors, the company planned an expansion to acquire bigger capacity aircraft. The plan was to two new DASH-8 Aircraft on deferred credit basis. The company was having three L410 aircraft out of two aircraft met with an accidents in Kanpur and Kullu. The company acquired three new L410 aircraft during 96-97, the promoters started feeling credit crunch and were unable to pay the instalments of the aircraft. The company incurred heavy losses due to low load factors and high cost of operation, in 2000, it went out of business. Archana Airways operated the Bombardier Dash 8 aircraft and it formerly operated Let L-410 aircraft. Archana Airways Limited has been taken over by Ascent Pinnacle Capital Limited
Archana Airways
–
Archana Airways अर्चना एयरवैस
34.
Damania Airways
–
Damania Airways was an Indian airline headquartered in Mumbai, that operated from 1993 to 1997. It was promoted by the Damania brothers, Parvez and Vispi, Damania Airways was founded in 1992 and began flying on March 10,1993 with two leased Boeing 737 aircraft leased from TAP Air of Portugal. With its base in Bombay, the airline had flights to Delhi, Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore, Goa. An additional two aircraft were leased later and this was a very competitive period for Indian aviation. The domestic aviation sector had been reopened to private participation after many years, the government designated the new airlines as air taxis. Some of the prominent airlines of that time were Jet Airways, East West, ModiLuft, Parvez Damanias intention to bring an international standard of flying to domestic Indian aviation made the airline a big draw among domestic flyers. The airline was successful and its superior in-flight service soon became the standard for Indian aviation. By the end of 1992, the airline carried over 200,000 passengers even though they accounted for just 2 per cent of traffic, in 1994, the Indian Government granted scheduled domestic airline status to nine private air-taxi operators including Damania Airways. Damania Airways was the first airline to use of permission granted by the Aviation Ministry. The Aviation Ministry also delayed approvals to obtain smaller aircraft for the secondary routes and this completely altered the financials of flying and many airlines succumbed to the impossible stipulations. The Chennai-based NEPC group, owned by the Khemkas, expressed interest in buying Damania Airways, Skyline NEPCs fleet was composed entirely of Fokker turboprop aircraft, and their network covered only small towns. This would have allowed the airline to claim credit for the flights flown to secondary towns while reserving the 737 jets for the major cities, with a view to capitalising on the Damania Airways brand draw, Skyline NEPC flew the Damania Airways aircraft with their original Damania livery. Within a few months the airline was renamed Skyline NEPC. NEPC Airlines and its subsidiary, Skyline NEPC, were grounded 2 years later in 1997, the International Air Transport Association suspended them for non-payment of dues, following which they were taken off the computerised reservation system
Damania Airways
–
Parvez Damani at the Manish Malhotra Southern Command Polo Cup
35.
Deccan Airways Limited
–
Deccan Airways Limited was a commercial airline based in Hyderabad. Founded in 1945, it was one of the nine airlines existing in India during independence, the airline, a joint venture of Nizam Government of erstwhile Hyderabad State and Tata Airlines was launched with a fleet of three aircraft. By the time it was merged with Indian Airlines in 1953, the airline operated on Madras-Hyderabad-Nagpur- Bhopal-Gwalior-Delhi, Hyderabad-Bombay and Hyderabad-Bangalore sectors. 71 per cent of Deccan Airways was owned by the Nizams Government and its first flight began in July 1946. The DC-3 aircraft were brought from US Air Force at a throw away price after they were unused at Assam after World War 2. Hyderabad had five airfields with concrete runways in Aurangabad, Warangal, Bidar, in 1952 Government of India held 78% of shares of Deccan Airways. The shares were acquired from the Hyderabad Government & Nizam State Railways, after this on 10 October 1953, Deccan Airways resigned its associate membership of IATA. April 30,1952 A Deccan Airways C-47A crashed at Safdarjung Airport, Delhi due to failure, killing four crew
Deccan Airways Limited
–
The seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, along with some aides takes his first ride in a Deccan Airways Dakota from Begumpet airport
36.
Indian (airline)
–
Indian, formerly Indian Airlines was a major Indian airline based in Delhi and focused primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia. It was state-owned, and was administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and it was one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India. The airline officially merged into Air India on 27 February 2011, on 7 December 2005, the airline was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering. The airline operated closely with Air India, Indias national carrier, Alliance Air, a fully owned subsidiary of Indian. In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian would be merged into Air India, as part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited was established, into which both Air India and Indian would be merged. Once the merger was completed, the airline - called Air India - would continue to be headquartered in Mumbai, the airline was set up under the Air Corporations Act,1953 with an initial capital of 32 million and started operations on 1 August 1953. It was established after legislation came into force to nationalise the airline industry in India. Two new national airlines were to be formed along the lines as happened in the United Kingdom with British Overseas Airways Corporation. Air India took over international routes and Indian Airlines Corporation took over the domestic, International operations of Air India Ltd. was taken over by the newly formed Air India International. Indian Airlines Corporation inherited a fleet of 99 aircraft including 74 Douglas DC-3 Dakotas,12 Vickers Vikings,3 Douglas DC-4s, Vickers Viscounts were introduced in 1957 with Fokker F27 Friendships being delivered from 1961. The 1960s also saw Hawker Siddeley HS 748s, manufactured in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the jet age began for IAC with the introduction of the pure-jet Sud Aviation Caravelle airliner in 1964, followed by Boeing 737-200s in the early 1970s. April 1976 saw the first three Airbus A300 wide-body jets being introduced, the regional airline, Vayudoot, which had been established in 1981, was later reintegrated. By 1990, Airbus A320-200s were introduced, the economic liberalisation process initiated by the Government of India in the early 1990s ended Indian Airlines dominance of Indias domestic air transport industry. Indian Airlines faced tough competition from Jet Airways, Air Sahara, East-West Airlines, Skyline NEPC, as of 2005, Indian Airlines was the second largest airline in India after Jet Airways while Air Sahara controlled 17% of the Indian aviation industry. However, as of 2006, Indian Airlines was still a profit making airline, Indian Airlines Limited was partly owned by the Government of India through a holding company and has 19,300 employees as of March 2007. Its annual turn-over, together with that of its subsidiary Alliance Air, was well over 40 billions, together with its subsidiary, Alliance Air, Indian Airlines carried a total of over 7.5 million passengers annually. In December 2007, Air India was invited to join the Star Alliance, on 26 February 2011, Indian ceased operating under its own brand and codes with the merger with Air India being complete. Indian had codeshare agreements with the airlines, Alliance Air GMG Airlines Gulf Air Uzbekistan Airways Indian operated an all-Airbus fleet consisting of the A320 family
Indian (airline)
–
HS 748 built in India, operated by Indian Airlines, at Bombay Airport in 1974
Indian (airline)
–
One of the
Airbus A320s with old livery of Indian Airlines.Notice its double-bogie main landing gear
Indian (airline)
–
Executive class cabin of an Indian Airlines
Airbus A320
Indian (airline)
–
Airbus A319-100
37.
Indian National Airways Ltd
–
Indian National Airways Ltd was an airline based in Delhi, India. The founder of the airline was R. E. Grant Govan, a Delhi based British industrialist who also co-founded the Board of Control for Cricket in India, the airline was formed on the basis of a government airmail contract. The company was started by Govan Bros Ltd. in May 1933 with a capital of Rs.3 million. It became the airline to start operations in India in December 1933, with a weekly passenger. It also started a service between Karachi and Lahore, a feeder service for Imperial Airways. The company then had a made up of light single engined aircraft. By 1937 the airline had clocked over a million miles and made an annual profit. This was a major boost for aviation in India, as this contract promised a minimum income along with an operating subsidy, the company was able to expand and renovate its fleet. During World War II, all contracts were suspended and aircraft put under government disposal. Only spare capacity was allowed for use, which affected the industry on the whole. It was one of the four airlines in India at the time of Indian Independence in 1947. As of 1947, the airline had a fleet of six Vickers Vikings with another nine De Havilland Dove on order, the company also bought some war-surplus Douglas DC-3 aircraft from the United States of America at the end of the war. In 1953 Indian National Airways was nationalised and merged into Indian Airlines
Indian National Airways Ltd
–
Time Table cover of Indian National Airways c.1933
38.
Indus Air
–
Indus Air was a regional domestic airline based in Ghaziabad, India. Its main base was Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi, in October 2005 it had been reported that baron Kapil Mohan of Mohan Meakins, along with other Indian businessmen, had invested in Indus Airways. They planned to start services by the end of October 2005 and these two CRJ-200LRs were ex Independence Air aircraft from the USA. Indus Air was established in 2004 and started operations on 14 December 2006 and it ceased operations in April 2007
Indus Air
–
Indus Air
39.
Kingfisher Airlines
–
Kingfisher Airlines Limited was an airline group based in India. Its head office is in Andheri, Mumbai and registered office in UB City, Kingfisher Airlines, through its parent company United Breweries Group, had a 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red. Until December 2011, Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in Indias domestic air travel market, the airline had shut down its operations and locked out its employees for several days when on 20 October 2012 the DGCA suspended its flight certificate. The suspension resulted from the failure to give an effective response to the show-cause notice issued by the DGCA. On 25 October 2012, its employees agreed to return to work, however, in February 2013 the Indian government announced the withdrawal of both domestic and international flight entitlements allocated to the airline. The CEO quit on 17 February 2014, Kingfisher Airlines was established in 2003. It was owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group, the airline started commercial operations on 9 May 2005 with a fleet of four new Airbus A320-200s operating a flight from Mumbai to Delhi. It started its operations on 3 September 2008 by connecting Bengaluru with London. Kingfishers head office was located in The Qube in Andheri, Mumbai and its office was located in UB City. Its head office was previously in the Kingfisher House in Vile Parle, in 2012 Vijay Mallya was trying to sell the Vile Parle Kingfisher House. With the freezing of the accounts of the airline by the Indian Income Tax Department. It was stated by analysts and media that the company needed capital infusion to remain viable, Kingfisher Airlines Lenders later stated they consider that company is viable. On 15 November 2011 the airline released poor financial results, indicating that it was drowning in high-interest debt, Mallya indicated that his solution was for the government to reduce fuel and other taxes. The government was engaged in assessing whether to bail out the company, ever since the airline commenced operations in 2005, it reported losses. After acquiring Air Deccan, Kingfisher suffered a loss of over ₹10 billion for three consecutive years, by early 2012, the airline accumulated losses of over ₹70 billion with half of its fleet grounded and several members of its staff going on strike. However, Air Deccan was already making losses even before it was acquired by Kingfisher, a fact which was overlooked by Vijay Mallya and his team who never went through the books of the loss making Air Deccan. Many believe this was the deal that brought down his empire, Kingfishers position in top Indian airlines on the basis of market share had slipped to last from 2 because of the crisis. In December 2011, for the time in two months, Kingfishers bank accounts were frozen by the Mumbai Income Tax department for non-payment of dues
Kingfisher Airlines
–
A closed counter after Kingfisher Airlines stopped its service
Kingfisher Airlines
–
Airbus A320-200 taxiing at
HAL Airport,
Bengaluru
Kingfisher Airlines
–
A Kingfisher ATR -72 at
Bhavnagar Airport
Kingfisher Airlines
–
Economy class meal on board a Kingfisher Airlines domestic flight
40.
MDLR Airlines
–
MDLR Airlines was an airline based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It suspended its operations from 5 November 2009, the airline started operations on 14 March 2007, and was wholly owned by Murli Dhar Lakh Ram Group, and had around 250 employees by September 2008. The group is originated in Sirsa, Haryana in northern India started by Gopal Goyal Kanda, the airline was started in the middle of a major growth period for Indian aviation, but was launched just as oil prices were climbing. The airline tried the full-service model promising its passengers pure vegetarian food, MDLR Airlines operated scheduled services to the following domestic destinations, Bihar Gaya Gaya - Gaya International Airport Terminated from 6 January 2009
MDLR Airlines
–
MDLR Airlines
MDLR Airlines
–
An MDLR Avro RJ70.
41.
ModiLuft
–
ModiLuft was a private airline based in Delhi, India. It operated on domestic routes until it shut down in 1996 and it maintained high standards in flight safety, ground maintenance and on-time performance owing to support from Lufthansa AG. ModiLufts aircraft were configured in First, Business and an Economy Class making it the only airline in India during its time to fly a three class configuration on domestic routes. It used Boeing 737-200 aircraft leased from Lufthansa and had an incident free track record of flying, ModiLuft was among the first of Indias first post-deregulation airlines, launched in May 1993 by the Indian industrialist S K Modi, in technical partnership with the German flag carrier Lufthansa. The German airline provided pilots and trained ModiLufts Indian staff including pilots, cabin crew, Lufthansa Technik provided maintenance, overhaul and spares support. The airline project, started in February,1993 by S K Modi, Ashutosh Dayal Sharma and Kanwar K S Jamwal, the airline commenced operations within three months of its conception - a record of kinds in itself. Kanwar K. S. Jamwal, General Manager Projects, was responsible for setting up the airline and its operations and put together a team of Indian and German engineers and pilots. Cdr. S. Raj along with a team of able airline experts helped in meeting the aviation industry standards, the first two batches of the cabin crew were trained at Lufthansas flight crew training facility at Frankfurt. Modiluft was perhaps the only Airline to achieve an average utilization of a minimum 12 hours per day in Indian Skies. The two companies had parted ways after the Indian partner accused Lufthansa of not abiding by its funding commitment, in turn, the German airline alleged that ModiLuft had defaulted on lease payments for the four Lufthansa aircraft. The relationship between the two parties soured in mid-1996 after Modi began putting pressure on Lufthansa to take a stake of up to 40 per cent in the Indian carrier, in May 1996, Lufthansa announced that they had decided to terminate their agreement with ModiLuft. The aircraft belonging to Lufthansa were grounded due to the litigation, the future of ModiLuft, however, was already sealed and the airline ceased operations in 1996. ModiLuft eventually returned Lufthansas aircraft by September 30,1997 as part of an out of court settlement, the airline ownership changed hands due to lack of funds and was renamed Royal Airways, an airline that never got off the ground. ModiLufts Air operators certificate had not lapsed and was used by a different set of promoters for the Low-cost carrier SpiceJet. South Asia India Delhi Hub Jammu Leh Srinagar Mumbai Bengaluru Hyderabad 4 - Boeing 737-2002 - Boeing 737-4001 - Boeing 727-200 Fleet information
ModiLuft
–
ModiLuft's livery was similar to that of Lufthansa
42.
NEPC Airlines
–
NEPC Airlines was a private airline that operated from 1993 to 1997. It was headquartered in Chennai, then known as Madras, and was promoted by the Chennai-based NEPC group, the NEPC group acquired management control in Damania Airways and renamed it as Skyline NEPC in May 1995. NEPC Airlines and its subsidiary, Skyline NEPC, were grounded in 1997, the International Air Transport Association suspended them for non-payment of dues following which they were taken off the computerised reservation system. The airline operated the aircraft,9 - Fokker F-275 - Boeing 737-200. Media related to NEPC Airlines at Wikimedia Commons NEPC India Ltd
NEPC Airlines
–
NEPC Airlines
43.
Paramount Airways
–
Paramount Airways was an airline based in Chennai, India. It operated scheduled services, mainly targeting business travellers until it ceased operations in 2010 and its hub was Chennai International Airport and was the first airline in India to launch the New Generation Embraer 170/190 Family series aircraft. On 6 May 2016, The CBI has registered case against promoters of Paramount Airways on allegations of defrauding, diverting loan amount, searches were being carried out at seven locations at Chennai and Madurai, including residential and office premises of its promoter Thyagrajan and the company functionaries. The airline started operations in October 2005 with the company headquartered in Madurai and it operated to regional destinations in south and eastern India until early 2010. The airline ceased operations when legal issues arose between Paramount Airways and the lessors of their Embraer aircraft and these events caused a gradual termination of all services as the fleet was grounded and seized by the leasing companies. In November 2010, it was announced that Paramount Airways had won their battle and were set to resume services with a fleet of Airbus. Normalisation of the network was scheduled for December 2010. A British court awarded the airline Rs 1,650 crore as compensation in a lawsuit with GECAS in November 2012, Paramount Airways mainly provided services to cities in South India. It extended services into eastern India, serving the cities of Kolkata, Guwahati, the Paramount Airways fleet consisted of Embraer E170s, and was the first airline in India to operate this aircraft. On 20 June 2009, Paramount Airways signed a MoU to buy ten Airbus A321-200 aircraft with an option for an additional ten, the agreement was concluded at the 48th Paris Air Show and was to be funded by the European Central Bank. It also ordered six Bombardier Dash 8 Q400s, however, the deals did not materialise. Paramount Airways won the Arch of Europe Award in the year 2007 in Frankfurt, Paramount Airways was awarded the Award of Excellence conferred by the Institute of Economic Studies Official website Paramount Airways fleet Paramount Embraer 175 at Bangalore
Paramount Airways
–
Embraer E170 leased to Paramount Airways, at
Tiruchirapalli Airport
Paramount Airways
–
Paramount Airways
44.
Simplifly Deccan
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Simplifly Deccan, formerly Air Deccan, was the first Indian low-cost carrier. Headquartered in Bangalore, it operated flights from seven base airports using a fleet of Airbus A320, ATR42. The airline appealed to middle class travellers with low fares and a route network. It also employed innovative methods to ensure the profitability of its business model. Nevertheless, Simplifly Deccan suffered high losses and merged with Kingfisher Airlines in April 2008, Kingfisher replaced the Deccan brand with Kingfisher Red in August 2008. Simplifly Deccan was founded as Air Deccan by G. R. Gopinath, Air Deccan became a wholly owned subsidiary of Deccan Aviation. The airline launched operations on 25 August 2003 with a flight from Bangalore to Hubli, at that time, its fleet consisted of two ATR 42-320 aircraft. In order to increase capacity on its routes, Air Deccan purchased two Airbus A320-200s and leased five in 2004. In December of that year, the purchased a additional 30 A320s in a US$1.8 billion order. It ordered 30 ATR 72-500s in February 2005, the airline underwent rapid growth, witnessing 30% growth in its passenger numbers in 2005–06. In 2006 it was the third largest airline in India with a 19% market share and it placed an order for 30 more Airbus A320s in December 2006. The airline experienced 42% growth in traffic in 2006–07, becoming the nations second largest carrier in 2007. As it grew, other low-cost carriers emerged in the Indian market, SpiceJet, GoAir, IndiGo, Air Deccan was the first low-cost carrier in India. Launched amid a booming Indian economy and a middle class. Tickets cost around 30% less than those of airlines and cost about the same as or less than first class rail tickets. Air Deccan focused on providing air service to underserved airports across the country, where competition was low, G. R. Gopinath claimed he wanted to make air travel accessible to every Indian. It is not the elite that I consider as my customers and it is the humble cleaning women of my office, the auto-rickshaw driver and other such people that we would like to cater to. We want them to dream that they too can fly, the airline operated a single cabin class, economy, allowing it to pack more seats into its aircraft
Simplifly Deccan
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Simplifly Deccan logo
Simplifly Deccan
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Kingfisher Red
Simplifly Deccan
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Air Deccan A320-200 cabin. The grey seats in all Air Deccan aircraft were changed to red as part of a rebranding effort.
45.
Tata Airlines
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Air India is the flag carrier airline of India and the third-largest airline in India in terms of passengers carried, after IndiGo and Jet Airways. It is owned by Air India Limited, a Government of India enterprise and it is headquartered in New Delhi. Air India has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. Air India became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014, after World War II, it became a public limited company and was renamed as Air India. On 21 February 1960, it took delivery of its first Boeing 707–420 named Gauri Shankar, in 2000–01, attempts were made to privatise Air India and from 2006 onwards, it suffered losses after its merger with Indian Airlines. Air India also operates flights to domestic and Asian destinations through its subsidiaries Alliance Air and Air India Express, Air India uses the Airbus A320 family and Boeing 787 aircraft for selected domestic routes while long distance services use the Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 777-200LR,747 and 787 aircraft. Air Indias mascot is the Maharajah and the logo consists of a swan with the wheel of Konark inside it. Air India had its origin in Tata Sons, founded by J. R. D. Tata, in April 1932, Tata won a contract to carry mail for Imperial Airways and the aviation department of Tata Sons was formed with two single-engine de Havilland Puss Moths. On 15 October 1932, Tata flew a Puss Moth carrying air mail from Karachi to Bombay and the continued to Madras piloted by Nevill Vintcent. The airline fleet consisted of a Puss Moth aircraft and a Leopard Moth, initial service included weekly airmail service between Karachi and Madras via Ahmedabad and Bombay. In its first year of operation, the airline flew 160,000 miles, carrying 155 passengers and 9.72 tonnes of mail, later, the airline launched a domestic flight from Bombay to Trivandrum with a six-seater Miles Merlin. In 1938, it was re-christened as Tata Air Services and later as Tata Airlines, Delhi and Colombo were added to the destinations in 1938. During the Second World War, the airline helped the Royal Air Force with troop movements, shipping of supplies, rescue of refugees and maintenance of planes. After World War II, regular service was restored in India. After the Indian independence in 1947, 49% of the airline was acquired by the Government of India in 1948, on 8 June 1948, a Lockheed Constellation L-749A named Malabar Princess took off from Bombay bound for London Heathrow marking the airlines first international flight. In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act, the company was renamed as Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines as a part of restructuring. From 1948 to 1950, the airline introduced services to Nairobi in Africa and to major European destinations Rome, Paris, the airline took delivery of its first Lockheed Constellation L-1049 named Rani of Jhansi and inaugurated services to Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore. On 21 February 1960, Air India International inducted its first Boeing 707–420 named Gauri Shankar, the airline inaugurated services to New York on 14 May 1960
Tata Airlines
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Tata Air Service
Tata Airlines
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Air India
Tata Airlines
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Air India
Douglas DC-3 at
London Heathrow Airport (1958)
Tata Airlines
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Air India
Lockheed Super Constellation at
Prague Ruzyně Airport (1961)
46.
Vayudoot
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Vayudoot was a regional airline in India established on 20 January 1981 as a joint-venture between the two state-owned carriers, Indian Airlines and Air India. The airline was headquartered at New Delhis Safdarjung Airport, the airline was originally conceived to serve the Northeastern region of India where the surface transport facilities were inadequate and surface routes were circuitous. The regional hub for the Northeast Region was Calcutta and the built up operations to close to 30 destinations in this challenging area. Many of the saw the resumption civil flights and fixed-wing aircraft after a gap of many decades. The airline consistently lost money since its formation, in the late 1970s, the Government of India and its two airlines became aware of the increasing number of potential air travellers in many small towns around the nation. Hence all Vayudoot destinations were completely new, not covered by existing Indian Airlines services, Vayudoot began operations on January 26,1981, Indias Republic Day, in the remote north-east of the country, linking towns in states such as Assam, Manipur and Tripura. The weather caused poor visibility on account of heavy rains and low clouds and/or fog, many runways were unpaved or dirt strips and facilities at these airports were very limited. Its first aircraft were two F. 27s leased from Indian Airlines and linked 20 destinations, to keep costs low, Vayudoot did not serve in-flight meals and contracted out its ground handling services to local agents at all smaller destinations. Vayudoot supplied basic ground-handling equipment to the agents and trained their staff, Vayudoot started with retired flight crew of Indian Airlines to fly the HS-748 and F-27 aircraft. As Dornier Do 228 were bought / leased, new pilots were recruited, the same held for the core engineering team as well, which comprised almost all of ex-Indian Airlines engineers. Vayudoot became a company in February 1983, owned jointly by Indian Airlines. At this time, its load factors were less than 50 per cent, Vayudoots first Dornier 228 began service in 1985 on the Delhi-Raebareli-Lucknow route. A total of ten Do. 228s were ordered by Vayudoot, subsequently, the services of Vayudoot were extended to other regions, charting 100 stations in the country earning the sobriquet worlds fastest growing airline. Vayudoot quickly established hubs at Bombay, Delhi, Madras, sub-bases were, at some points of time, established at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh and Guwahati in Assam. The lack of traffic to sustain operations on all these routes adversely affected the companys financial performance. After a review, the number of stations on the network was brought down to 48 on 31 March 1991. Vayudoot was then focused on consolidating its operations and rationalizing its fare structure rather than embark on large-scale expansion of its network and its operations were again primarily restricted to the Northeastern region and other inaccessible areas. Vayudoot also operated an Agro Aviation Division which was involved in aerial spraying operations, seeding, Vayudoots financial performance continued to deteriorate which finally led to the dissolution of the company and merger of its assets into Indian Airlines in 1993
Vayudoot
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Vayudoot
Vayudoot
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Vayudoot Fokker F27-100
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Vayudoot Crew Wings
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All Vayudoot Destinations Served
