1.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
2.
States of Germany
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Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states. Since todays Germany was formed from a collection of several states, it has a federal constitution. The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer, the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states created in the aftermath of World War II. West Berlin, while not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state. In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, in 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. Federalism is one of the constitutional principles of Germany. After 1945, new states were constituted in all four zones of occupation, in 1949, the states in the three western zones formed the Federal Republic of Germany. This is in contrast to the development in Austria, where the Bund was constituted first. The use of the term Länder dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919, before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten. Today, it is common to use the term Bundesland. However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919 nor by the Basic Law of 1949, three Länder call themselves Freistaaten, Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia. He summarizes the arguments for boundary reform in Germany. The German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation, too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated. But several proposals have failed so far, territorial reform remains a topic in German politics. Federalism has a tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796, the number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars. After the Congress of Vienna,39 states formed the German Confederation, the new German Empire included 25 states and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory, after the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation
3.
Bavaria
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Bavaria is a free state and one of 16 federal states of Germany. Located in the German southeast with an area of 70,548 square kilometres and its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany, and, with 12.9 million inhabitants, it is Germanys second most populous state. Munich, Bavarias capital and largest city, is the third largest city in Germany, the Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War, Bavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the states Catholic majority and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes such as Oktoberfest. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, modern Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia, Upper Palatinate and Swabia. The Bavarians emerged in a north of the Alps, previously inhabited by Celts. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century. These peoples may have included the Celtic Boii, some remaining Romans, Marcomanni, Allemanni, Quadi, Thuringians, Goths, Scirians, Rugians, the name Bavarian means Men of Baia which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Celtic Boii and later of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520, a 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the diocese was named after an ancient Bohemian king, Boiia, in the 14th century BCE. From about 554 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the Duchy of Bavaria and their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish overlords. Garibalds successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the frontier against the expansion of Slavs. Tassilos son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616, after Garibald II little is known of the Bavarians until Duke Theodo I, whose reign may have begun as early as 680. From 696 onwards he invited churchmen from the west to organize churches and his son, Theudebert, led a decisive Bavarian campaign to intervene in a succession dispute in the Lombard Kingdom in 714, and married his sister Guntrud to the Lombard King Liutprand. At Theodos death the duchy was divided among his sons, at Hugberts death the duchy passed to a distant relative named Odilo, from neighbouring Alemannia. He was defeated near Augsburg in 743 but continued to rule until his death in 748, saint Boniface completed the peoples conversion to Christianity in the early 8th century. Bavaria was in ways affected by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century
4.
Vehicle registration plate
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A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate or a license plate, is metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the owner within the issuing regions database. The first two letters indicate the state to which the vehicle is registered, the next two digit numbers are the sequential number of a district. Due to heavy volume of vehicle registration, the numbers were given to the RTO offices of registration as well, the third part indicates the year of registration of the vehicle and is a 4 digit number unique to each plate. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. In the vast majority of jurisdictions, the government holds a monopoly on the manufacturing of vehicle registration plates for that jurisdiction. Thus, it is illegal for private citizens to make and affix their own plates. Alternately, the government will merely assign plate numbers, and it is the owners responsibility to find an approved private supplier to make a plate with that number. In some jurisdictions, plates will be assigned to that particular vehicle for its lifetime. If the vehicle is destroyed or exported to a different country. Other jurisdictions follow a policy, meaning that when a vehicle is sold the seller removes the current plate from the vehicle. Buyers must either obtain new plates or attach plates they already hold, as well as register their vehicles under the buyers name, a person who sells a car and then purchases a new one can apply to have the old plates put onto the new car. One who sells a car and does not buy a new one may, depending on the laws involved, have to turn the old plates in or destroy them. Some jurisdictions permit the registration of the vehicle with personal plates, in some jurisdictions, plates require periodic replacement, often associated with a design change of the plate itself. Vehicle owners may or may not have the option to keep their original plate number, alternately, or additionally, vehicle owners have to replace a small decal on the plate or use a decal on the windshield to indicate the expiration date of the vehicle registration. Plates are usually fixed directly to a vehicle or to a frame that is fixed to the vehicle. Sometimes, the plate frames contain advertisements inserted by the service centre or the dealership from which the vehicle was purchased. Vehicle owners can also purchase customized frames to replace the original frames, in some jurisdictions licence plate frames are illegal
5.
Chiemsee
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Chiemsee is a freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called the Bavarian Sea, the rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien flow into the lake from the South, the river Alz, out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube, the Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called Weitsee, and the Inselsee, in the southwest. The region around the Chiemsee is Chiemgau and is a recreation area. The Chiemsee was formed, like many other lakes, at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago from a hollow carved out by a glacier. Originally the lake covered an area of almost 240 km², which is three times its present area. Within 10,000 years its area shrank to around 80 km², before 1904 the water level was lowered by about a metre. As a result, large areas of dry land were reclaimed. There are three islands on the lake, Herreninsel, the largest, with an area of 238 ha, Frauenchiemsee,15.5 ha, also called Herreninsel and Fraueninsel. It is known as cabbage island because in the Middle Ages it was cultivated with vegetable, Herreninsel has a palace built by King Ludwig II in 1878 called Herrenchiemsee, which was never completed but was meant to be a replica of the Palace of Versailles. Many of its rooms are open to tourists, tours of the palace, Frauenchiemsee, the smaller of the two main islands, houses a Benedictine nunnery, built in 782, as well as a small village. The nuns make a liquor called Klosterlikör and marzipan, there are also three very small islands, the Schalch, to the west of Frauenchiemsee, and two unnamed islands,54 and 80 meters south of the Krautinsel, with an area of 30 m² each. Chiemsee travel guide from Wikivoyage Nixdorf, B. et al, Chiemsee, Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands, Berlin, Umweltbundesamt, p.17 Ferienhaus am Chiemsee
6.
Bad Aibling
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Bad Aibling is a spa town and former district seat in Bavaria on the river Mangfall, located some 56 km southeast of Munich. It features a health resort with a peat pulp bath. Bad Aibling and its surroundings were settled by Celtic tribes from about 500 BC until 15 BC, after Roman occupation, it was finally settled by Bavarii tribes in the 5th century AD. In 804 Bad Aibling was mentioned for the first time as Epininga, in mediaeval times, it was an administrative centre in the lordship of the Counts of Falkenstein. After the obliteration of the Neuburg-Falkenstein dynasty, it part of the realm of the Wittelsbach family. In 1845 the first treatments with peat pulp were offered by the physician Desiderius Beck, Bad Aibling received the title Bad in 1895. In the year 1933, Bad Aibling officially became a city, after the Second World War, Bad Aibling was the site of POW Discharge Center #26, where German POWs were released from captivity to civilian status. Later, the area evolved into a centre for intelligence organizations. In 2005 the American Bad Aibling ECHELON station closed after several decades of operation, after the departure of the NSA, parts of the station have been used by the Bundesnachrichtendienst, with NSA employees moving to the Mangfall barracks. The radomes are still used intensively, the station is used in cooperation with the NSA, which provides the BND with search terms, which then forwards the results back to the NSA. The Thermae opened in 2007, complementing the traditional peat pulp baths with mineral water, on 9 February 2016, a serious railway accident occurred near the town when two passenger trains collided, causing 11 fatalities. The town of Bad Aibling, with about 18,000 inhabitants, is at 498 m above sea level, in Bad Aibling there are several large spa hotels and rehabilitation hospitals that rely on peat pulp as a basic treatment. Additionally, in 2007 the new thermae were opened, with about 25.000 visitors in 2015 it is the largest festival of its kind in Bavaria. It is located on the abandoned Bad Aibling Station which was used for the festivals eponymous global surveillance network ECHELON, Bad Aibling has been twinned with Cavaion Veronese, Italy, since 2006. Julian Weigl –, German footballer for Borussia Dortmund Eleonore Baur –, also known as Sister Pia, in 1845, he opened the first Bavarian brine and peat mud baths in Bad Aibling in Rose Street, later Ludwig bathroom
7.
Bad Feilnbach
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Bad Feilnbach is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Rosenheim at the foot of Wendelstein Mountain in Germany. As a famous Moorheilbad the municipality was awarded in 1973 the title Bad, since the 19th century the peat deposits were the basis for a continued expansion of the spa and health facilities. The recognized healing success of gold on a variety of diseases were the basis for the development of a well-known spa. Due to its surroundings and the mild climate Feilnbach is called the Bavarian Meran. The entire municipality is recognized as a spa resort except for parts of the former municipality Dettendorf. Bad Feilnbach is located directly on the edge of the Bavarian Alps. The village is located 17 km east of Miesbach,10 km south of Bad Aibling,15 km southwest of Rosenheim and 33 km from Kufstein. The Autobahn A8 is 5 km away, German federal highway B939 km, the municipality Bad Feilnbach has 77 officially designated districts, Feilnbach became an independent municipality in 1818, following administrative reform in Bavaria. From 27 May 1897 until 1973 Feilnbach was at the end of the local railway Bad Aibling-Feilnbach, on 1 January 1966, the municipalities Feilnbach and Wiechs were merged to form the new community Feilnbach-Wiechs whose name was changed on 28 December 1971 in Feilnbach. Following municipal reform, on 1 January 1972 Bad Aibling was incorporated into the municipality, Dettendorf followed on 1 February 1972. On October 22,1973, the community received the additional title Bad, finally, the community Litzldorf was incorporated into Bad Feilnbach on May 1,1978. On July 1,1972, Bad Feilnbach, which was part of the district of Bad Aibling, was made part of the Rosenheim district. The individual settlements were formed in Roman times and Feilnbach is first mentioned in 980 as Fulinpah. The municipality extends from the foothills of Wendelstein far into the moorland of Rosenheim Basin, the silver wave bar is a symbol of Bach and represents the main town Feilnbach, whose name was derived from Faulenbach. The Silver Church was originally taken from the coat of arms of the nobles of Diepertskirchen and these gentlemen held the seat in Lippertskirchen from the beginning of the 11th to the late 15th century. The coat of arms was adopted in 1957 by Feilnbach and amended in 1966, in 1973 the town was awarded the title Bad and since then bears the name of Bad Feilnbach. Thus the place underlines its importance as a mud spa and natural healing village, source, Municipality Bad Feilnbach Several large spa and rehabilitation facilities are located in Bad Feilnbach. The treatments in these facilities are based on Badetorf traditional spa therapy, as the town of Bad Feilnbach has been a recognised Spa since 1973, several alternative healing method bathing doctors and medical practitioners have settled in Bad Feilnbach
8.
Stephanskirchen
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Stephanskirchen is a municipality in the district of Rosenheim, Upper Bavaria in Germany. Stephanskirchen is located on a glacially formed plateau, the Inn river on the west and the lake Simssee are natural boundaries. The valley of the Sims river is a border at the south. North to Stephanskirchen are several forests and small lakes, the municipality is located within the Rosenheim-basin in the area of the former Inn-glacier. Therefore, numerous erratic boulders can be found here, the municipality is by population the third largest in the district of Rosenheim and consists of 48 parts. Major settlements are Schloßberg and Haidholzen, the emblem of Stephanskirchen was created in 1954 and indicates the historic dispartment, The holy Stephanus at the top symbolizes with his holy halo the area of Stephanskirchen. He holds a golden missal with tree golden stones in his left arm, the lower part of the emblem reminds of a dinghy, a so called Mutze. This is because in the past the source of income in Schloßberg, Hofleiten. The dominant green color within the points to the agricultural structure of Stephanskirchen. The oldest traces were dated third and fourth century BC and can be found in the Doblergraben, an old Roman road crossed the River Inn at Leonhardspfunzen. The bridge was called pons aeni and headed westwards towards Augsburg, the first reports of a Christian church in the area around Sims are dated at 790 AD. Stephanskirchen was first mentioned in a record in the year 1130 where it was named stevenchirgen, on the Schlossberg there was the Rosenheim castle which was first mentioned in the year 1234. It was used for administration and as a court of the Wittelsbacher. Plague epidemic of the Middle Ages took their toll in Stephanskirchen, in the forest between Kieling and Baierbach a memorial stone can be found which got placed in memory of those who got buried there. The inscription reads, Während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges im Jahr 1632 herrschte in den Ortschaften der Umgebung die Pest, viele Menschen starben an dieser Krankheit und wurden hier an diesem stillen Ort in Massengräbern bestattet. Der Überlieferung nach sind ganze Ortschaften ausgestorben, in Kieling blieb nur ein kleines Mädchen übrig. Dieses steinerne Kreuz wurde zum Gedenken an die Toten aufgestellt, translated it says, In the year 1632 during the Thirty Years War a plague epidemic ruled the localities and the surrounding areas. Many humans died due to disease and got buried at this silent place in mass graves
9.
Bronze Age
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The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen. An ancient civilization is defined to be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Copper-tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze began in the third millennium BC. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition, although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas, the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic. Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing, according to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia and Egypt developed the earliest viable writing systems. The overall period is characterized by use of bronze, though the place and time of the introduction. Human-made tin bronze technology requires set production techniques, tin must be mined and smelted separately, then added to molten copper to make bronze alloy. The Bronze Age was a time of use of metals. The dating of the foil has been disputed, the Bronze Age in the ancient Near East began with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC. Societies in the region laid the foundations for astronomy and mathematics, the usual tripartite division into an Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age is not used. Instead, a division based on art-historical and historical characteristics is more common. The cities of the Ancient Near East housed several tens of thousands of people, ur in the Middle Bronze Age and Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had large populations. The earliest mention of Babylonia appears on a tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad in the 23rd century BC, the Amorite dynasty established the city-state of Babylon in the 19th century BC. Over 100 years later, it took over the other city-states. Babylonia adopted the written Semitic Akkadian language for official use, by that time, the Sumerian language was no longer spoken, but was still in religious use. Elam was an ancient civilization located to the east of Mesopotamia, in the Old Elamite period, Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered in Anshan, and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands. Its culture played a role in the Gutian Empire and especially during the Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded it
