1.
Bay Area Rapid Transit
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Bay Area Rapid Transit is a public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The rapid transit elevated and subway system connects San Francisco with cities in Alameda, Contra Costa, BART operates 5 routes on 104 miles of track connecting 45 stations, plus a 3. 2-mile automated guideway transit line to the Oakland International Airport which adds an additional station. A spur line in eastern Contra Costa County will utilize other rail technologies, with an average of 433,000 weekday passengers and 128.5 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2016, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. The systems acronym is pronounced Bart, like the name, BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. As of 2017, it is being expanded to San Jose with the consecutive Warm Springs, some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit Systems current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular trans-bay traffic across the deck of the Bay Bridge. By the mid-1950s, that system had been dismantled in favor of highway travel, a new rapid-transit system was proposed to take the place of the Key System during the late 1940s, and formal planning for it began in the 1950s. Some funding was secured for the BART system in 1959, passenger service began on September 11,1972, initially just between MacArthur and Fremont. All nine Bay Area counties were involved in the planning and envisioned to be connected by BART, before the system began revenue service, serious problems in the design and operation of the Automatic Train Control system were observed. Three engineers working for BART, Max Blankenzee, Robert Bruder, BART management was dismissive of their concerns, so the three took the issue to the board of directors. All but two of the directors voted in February 1972 to support management and reject the safety concerns, management retaliated against the engineers, firing them in March 1972. The IEEE later filed the first amicus brief in its history to support the engineers. The California Society of Professional Engineers reported to the California State Senate in June 1972 that there were serious safety risks with the ATC. Legislative analyst A. Alan Post, opened an investigation immediately, an ATC failure caused the train to run off the end of the elevated track and crash to the ground, injuring four people on-board, and drawing national and international attention. The “Fremont Flyer” led to a redesign of the train controls. The California State Public Utilities Commission imposed stringent oversight over train operations, the legislative analyst issued the first of three “Post Reports” in November 1972. The report was “sharply critical” of BART, finding that the ATC system was unreliable, the ATC program was mismanaged, and “no solution was in sight. ”The report accused BART of paying excessive fees for engineering services. BART’s general manager called the indictment of safety in the Post Report “not only disappointing, telephone calls were placed manually between stations, instead
2.
El Cerrito, California
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El Cerrito is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, and forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It has a population of 23,549 according to the 2010 census, El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It was incorporated in 1917 as a village with 1500 residents, as of the census in 2000, there were 23,171 people,10,208 households and 5971 families in the city. El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and they settled in what was then Don Víctor Castros Rancho San Pablo, and adjacent to the ranch owned by the family of Luís María Peralta, the Rancho San Antonio. A post office opened at the settlement in 1909 and the camp became known as Rust, after Wilhelm F. Rust. The villages residents did not care for the name and changed it to El Cerrito in 1916, a year later, El Cerrito was incorporated as a village with 1,500 residents. The name means hill or knoll. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.7 square miles. The city is at an elevation of 69 feet, El Cerrito is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. The hilly areas of El Cerrito provide spectacular views of its famous neighbor, El Cerrito is located along Interstate 80, and nearby Interstate 580. The city is less than 30 miles from two major airports, El Cerrito is bordered by Albany and Kensington to the south, the Richmond annex to the west, East Richmond Heights to the north, and Wildcat Canyon Regional Park to the east. Local landmark Albany Hill is in Albany, just across the border with El Cerrito, the Hayward Fault runs through El Cerrito. In addition, El Cerrito is within 150 meters of Berkeley to the southeast, El Cerrito is approximately 5 miles from the University of California Berkeley campus and has two BART stations, El Cerrito del Norte and El Cerrito Plaza. FAST, Golden Gate Transit, Vallejo Transit, Napa VINE, San Pablo Avenue stretches the length of El Cerrito and is the primary commercial and retail corridor of the city. The shopping center is surrounded by commercial and retail businesses along San Pablo Avenue. El Cerrito city parks include both recreation/sports parks as well as undeveloped nature areas, most notable are the 80-acre Hillside Natural Area open space, Huber Park, Cerrito Vista Park, and Arlington Park, Tassajara Park, Poinsett Park, and the Canyon Trail Park and Art Center. The city is home to Arhoolie Records, part of the Smithsonian Institution, also located in the city is Playland-Not-At-The-Beach, a popular amusement park museum. The 2010 United States Census reported that El Cerrito had a population of 23,549, the population density was 6,385.3 people per square mile
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks
5.
AC Transit
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AC Transit is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco and selected areas in San Mateo, AC Transit is constituted as a special district under California law. It is governed by seven elected members and it is not a part of or under the control of Alameda or Contra Costa counties or any local jurisdictions. Buses operate out of three operating divisions, Emeryville, East Oakland, and Hayward, the Operations Control Center is located in Emeryville. The Richmond operating division closed in 2011, the District is the public successor to the privately owned Key System. The Districts bus lines also serve parts of some other East Bay communities, including Milpitas, Pinole, most routes connect with regional train service, primarily BART, in addition to ACE and Amtrak, including the Capitol Corridor. While most AC Transit service consists of lines throughout the East Bay. Most of these run across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to connect communities as distant as El Sobrante, Bus service is also provided across the San Mateo and Dumbarton bridges to the south. AC Transits primary hubs include BART stations, major shopping centers, and points of interest, most routes serve and/or terminate at BART stations, providing convenience for transit users. The hubs include, See also AC Transits page on fares and passes or AC Transits page on bus fares, on July 1,2014, AC Transit introduced a Day Pass, designed for customers taking more than two local buses in a day. The pass is good for unlimited rides on local routes from 3,01 a. m. to 3,00 a. m. Customers can obtain a Day Pass in one of two ways, Using Clipper, Customers keep cash value on their card. Once fares equalling the Day Pass price have been deducted, the Day Pass automatically activates, on subsequent rides, the card is tagged but no additional fare is deducted. On-Board, Customers deposit the amount in the farebox and request a Day Pass from the bus operator. On subsequent rides, the pass is swiped at the farebox, AC Transit fares are structured to promote the use of Clipper. Not only are local bus rides cheaper, but certain interagency transfers and day passes are easier to obtain, monthly passes are only available on Clipper. Local BART-to-bus transfer, $0.25 cash discount to and from BART with paper transfer issued at BART, applied as $0.50 Clipper discount on bus trip away from BART only. To transfer from AC Transit to another bus agency without Clipper, to transfer from another bus agency to AC Transit without Clipper, ask the other bus driver for a transfer. Notes, All fares are in USD,1 Issued upon request when full price is paid
6.
Golden Gate Transit
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Golden Gate Transit is a public transportation system serving the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States. It primarily serves Marin and Sonoma counties, and also limited service to San Francisco. Funding for cross-bridge Transbay bus service is subsidized by Golden Gate Bridge tolls in addition to traditional federal. GGT provides some bus service within Marin County under contract with Marin Transit, Golden Gate Transit is constituted as a special district under California State Law, as evidenced by Assembly Bill 584, creating the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. Napa, Mendocino, and Del Norte,1 Director each, Golden Gate Transit has alleviated congestion on the Golden Gate Bridge and along the Golden Gate Corridor since 1972. A history of service is listed below, with average annual increase in traffic of 70% over 30 years, the Bridge was close to reaching its saturation point. As congestion mounted, several studies were undertaken to identify alternate means of travel between Marin County and San Francisco, the San Francisco-Marin Crossings report of May 1967 looked at the possibility of building another bridge. The District also considered adding a second deck to the Bridge, the Marin County Transit District considered taking over the existing Greyhound system as a commute service to San Francisco. Greyhound provided transit between Marin County and San Francisco at the time and it was unprofitable, so Greyhound management planned to abandon it. As air pollution increased and congestion took its toll on commuters, San Francisco, Marin, the plan called for bus service from neighborhoods in Marin and Sonoma Counties to the San Francisco Financial District and Civic Center areas. By the late 1960s, the Bridge was operating at capacity during the commute period. Original Bridge construction bonds were due to be retired in 1971, and this included any and all forms of transit, including buses and ferries. The word Transportation was added to the Districts name at that time to indicate its new commitment to public transportation, the legislature did not give the District the authority to levy taxes. Legislation also restricted the use of Bridge tolls to support only regional transit services, on 10 December 1971, Assembly Bill 919 was passed, requiring the District to develop a long-range transportation program for the corridor. Bus service began in December 1970 when the District initiated a service to the Sausalito Ferry Terminal using 5 buses leased from Greyhound on 4 bus routes driven by 4 drivers. The District soon bought 132 buses to start its operations, in September 1971, the District hired 30 experienced Greyhound drivers to operate the new bus service. GGT began operating bus service in December 1971 under contract with MCTD. The initial GGT system was operated with 152 buses and facilities in Novato and Santa Rosa, in 1974, the District opened its permanent bus administration and central maintenance facility at 1011 Andersen Drive in San Rafael
7.
SolTrans
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SolTrans, officially Solano County Transit, is a Joint Powers Authority that provides public transportation service to the southern Solano County cities of Vallejo and Benicia. SolTrans was established in 2011 and is the result of a merger between Vallejo Transit and Benicia Breeze, the origins of SolTrans lead back to the early 20th century between two independent bus companies who served southern Solano County. These two companies were acquired by the cities of either of Vallejo or Benicia, before consolidating to become Solano County Transit. The Vallejo Bus Company was founded by Hartley Lowell in 1919, in 1935, the Vallejo Bus Company began to change hands between a number of owners until 1949 when the City of Vallejo took control of it. However, the Vallejo City Council opted to close it in 1956 due to financial restraints, in response, community leaders led by Senator Luther Gibson created the Vallejo Citizens Transit Corporation in hopes of continuing services in Vallejo. The city subsequently transferred the fleet of thirteen buses to VCTC, the Benicia-Vallejo Stage Line was founded 1915 by Milo Passalacqua. The Stage Line offered a route between Mare Island and Benicia, serving Vallejos train stations and ferry docks, in 1982, the City of Benicia began operating Benicia Dial-a-Ride, a local demand responsive transit service. Service was later expanded on July 1,1986 to include a route between Benicia and the Pleasant Hill BART station, this service was called the Benicia Bay Connection. The city also began subsidizing the Benicia-Vallejo Stage Line, on October 1,1986, the Bay Connection and Stage Line were merged to become Benicia Transit. This new company was managed by Community Transit Services, who were acquired by Laidlaw. During the 1990s, Benicia Transit adds a number of routes, such as the Southampton Express. They also purchase five used Gillig Phantoms for their main route, MV Transportation was awarded a contract to operate Benicia Transit in 2000, who would acquire controlling interest in VCTC five years later, transforming it into an MV subsidiary. By October 2005, all named routes were converted into numbers, the main Vallejo/Pleasant Hill eventually being Route 75, the Amtrak being Route 23, and school trippers being Routes 15 through 18. 2006 saw Benicia Transit being re-branded as Benicia Breeze, replacing its dial-a-ride service into deviated fixed-routes, Route 75 was eventually retired in favor of Vallejo Transit Route 78, which extends the route to Walnut Creek. Discussions of merging the two agencies have occurred since 2005, however it wasnt until 2009 when a merger was seriously considered. On November 16,2010, both agreed to enter into a joint powers authority agreement with the STA, calling the new transit agency Solano County Transit. The name was selected out of fifteen others as it opens the possibility of other agencies in the county to join the agreement. In 2013, National Express Transit replaced MV as the contractor, SolTrans provides local and express bus service to the Solano County cities of Vallejo, Benicia, and Fairfield, California
8.
VINE Transit
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VINE Transit is a public transportation service in Napa County, California, United States, it is managed under the Napa Valley Transportation Authority and operated by Transdev. The system offers service throughout the County along with providing connections to other public transportation systems in adjacent counties. The Napa VINE provides services to the cities, towns. Most buses are painted white with the previous VINE logo printed on the side of the bus, however, the DE40LF buses offer artwork promoting VINEs environmentally friendly features, these buses were also wrapped to promote Spare the Air. In addition, a number of Gillig Phantom buses exclusive to Route 21, are wrapped in advertising promoting that route, previously, the livery was simply a green bordered red horizontal stripe with City of Napa written near the front in white letters. VINE Go and Calistoga Shuttle use Ford-based ElDorado National Aerolite cutaways, Yountville Trolley features a Hometown Trolley Mainstreet tourist trolley that is painted green on red. VINE Transit in Napa operates a system of eight local. Unless noted, Sunday service is not provided, VINE manages and operates a number of deviated fixed-route or dial-a-ride bus services in other cities and towns using different brand names. American Canyon Transit is a deviated fixed-route service in American Canyon that operates two routes, one for service and another for normal service. ACT connects with SolTrans Route 1, and VINE Routes 11 and 29, Calistoga Shuttle is an on-demand dial-a-ride service that operates within Calistoga St. Helena VINE is a deviated fixed route service that operates a route within the city of St. Helena. It connects to VINE Routes 10 and 29, Yountville Trolley is a deviated fixed route service that operates a north-south route in the city of Yountville. It connects to VINE Routes 10 and 29, to board a VINE bus, a passenger must either present a pass, Clipper Card, transfer slip or pay a cash fare. VINE offers discount passes in 31-day and 20-ride formats, a 31-day pass offers unlimited rides for 31 consecutive days from the first day of use on regular routes, there are two separate types of 31-day passes for Route 29. For 20-ride passes, one use is used to board a regular bus, transfer slips are issued to passengers who pay cash fare or use punch passes. They are used to transfer from one route to another without the need to pay an additional fare or punch. They can be used on buses for an additional charge. Since 2014, Clipper Cards are accepted and various 31-day passes can be loaded onto the card, if nothing is presented, a cash fare must be paid. Below lists the fare and pass prices for routes 1 through 11, Route 25 fares are $1.60 for all fare types, however local passes can be used on the route
AC Transit: L, LC, 7, 72, 72M, 72R, 76, 376, 667, 668, 675, 684, 800
