1.
Pop punk
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Pop punk is a punk rock music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of punk rock with elements of pop music. Pop punk typically combines fast punk rock tempos, power chord changes and loud, distorted guitars with pop-influenced melodies. Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a style that was stylistically similar to power pop. By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s. Pop punk particularly thrived in California, where independent record labels adopted a do it approach to releasing music. By the mid-1990s, a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive radio and television airplay. By 1994, pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity, the late 1990s, exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182s Enema of the State, represented the genres mainstream peak, although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s. In the mid-2000s, emo pop, a genre combining emo and pop punk. By the end of the 2000s, the pop sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity. Pop punk typically merges upbeat pop melodies with catchy hooks, catchy choruses, harmonies, speedy tempos, punk rock power chord changes and loud, distorted electric guitars. About. com has described second-wave pop punk bands as having a radio friendly sheen to their music, club, pop punk often pits sweet harmonies against bratty, rowdy riffs. Lyrical topics that are common in pop punk include love, lust, drunkenness, adolescence, cartoonish violence, some pop punk lyrics focus on jokes and humor. Some pop punk music features elements of rock, power pop. According to Ryan Cooper of About. com, pop punk is a style that more to the Beatles. It is not clear when the pop punk was first used. Protopunk and power pop bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped lay the groundwork for the pop punk sound, the Beatles, the Kinks and the Beach Boys all paved the way for pop punk. With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones loud and fast melodic minimalism differentiated them from other bands in New York Citys budding art rock scene, but pop punk was not considered a separate subgenre until later. An early use of the pop punk appeared in a 1977 New York Times article, Cabaret
2.
Vocals
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
3.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
4.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
5.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
6.
Refrain
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A refrain is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in verse, the chorus of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, the use of refrains is particularly associated with where the verse-chorus-verse song structure typically places a refrain in almost every song. The refrain or chorus often contrasts the verse melodically, rhythmically, and harmonically. Chorus form, or strophic form, is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the repetition of one section or block played repeatedly. In music, a refrain has two parts, the lyrics of the song, and the melody, a similar refrain is found in the Battle Hymn of the Republic, which affirms in successive verses that Our God, or His Truth, is marching on. Refrains usually, but not always, come at the end of the verse, some songs, especially ballads, incorporate refrains into each verse. Fa la la la la la la la la, as one grew bright as is the sun, Lay the bent to the bonny broom So coal black grew the other one. Here, the refrain is syntactically independent of the poem in the song, and has no obvious relationship to its subject. The device can also convey material which relates to the subject of the poem, such a refrain is found in Dante Gabriel Rossettis Troy Town, Heavenborn Helen, Spartas queen, O Troy Town. Had two breasts of heavenly sheen, The sun and moon of the desire, All Loves lordship lay between, A sheen on the breasts I Love. O Troys down, Tall Troys on fire, phrases of apparent nonsense in refrains, and solfege syllables such as fa la la, familiar from the Christmas carol Deck the Halls with Boughs of Holly, have given rise to much speculation. Some believe that the traditional refrain Hob a derry down O encountered in some English folksongs is in fact an ancient Celtic phrase meaning dance around the oak tree, there are two distinct uses of the word chorus. In the thirty-two bar song form that was most common in the earlier twentieth-century popular music, beginning in the rock music of the 1950s, another form became more common in commercial pop music, which was based in an open-ended cycle of verses instead of a fixed 32-bar form. In this form, choruses with fixed lyrics are alternated with verses in which the lyrics are different with each repetition, in this use of the word, chorus contrasts with the verse, which usually has a sense of leading up to the chorus. Many popular songs, particularly early in this century, are in a verse. Most popular songs from the middle of the century consist only of a chorus, according to the musicologists Ralf von Appen and Markus Frei-Hauenschild, In German, the term, Refrain, is used synonymously with chorus when referring to a chorus within the verse/chorus form. At least one English-language author, Richard Middleton, uses the term in the same way, in this usage, the refrain does not constitute a discrete, independent section within the form. A large number of Tin-Pan Alley songs using thirty-two bar form are central to the jazz repertoire
7.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
8.
Angst
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The word angst was introduced into English from the Danish, Norwegian and Dutch word angst and the German word Angst. It is attested since the 19th century in English translations of the works of Kierkegaard and it is used in English to describe an intense feeling of apprehension, anxiety, or inner turmoil. In common language, however, Angst is the word for fear. In other languages having the meaning of the Latin word pavor for fear, the word Angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo-European root *anghu-, restraint from which Old High German angust developed. It is pre-cognate with the Latin angustia, tensity, tightness and angor, choking, clogging, in Existentialist philosophy the term angst carries a specific conceptual meaning. The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, in The Concept of Anxiety, Kierkegaard used the word Angest to describe a profound and deep-seated condition. Where animals are guided solely by instinct, said Kierkegaard, human beings enjoy a freedom of choice that we find both appealing and terrifying. Existential angst makes its appearance in musical composition in the early twentieth century as a result of both philosophical developments and as a reflection of the war-torn times. Angst began to be discussed in reference to music in the mid- to late 1950s amid widespread concerns over international tensions. Jeff Nuttalls book Bomb Culture traced angst in popular culture to Hiroshima, dread was expressed in works of folk rock such as Bob Dylans Masters of War and A Hard Rains a-Gonna Fall. The term often makes an appearance in reference to rock, grunge, nu metal. The dictionary definition of angst at Wiktionary
9.
Melody
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A melody, also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively and it may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody, melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches, pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, the true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore, the question of which is the significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Beyond doubt, the means is subordinate to the end, given the many and varied elements and styles of melody many extant explanations confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive. Paul Narveson claimed in 1984 that more than three-quarters of melodic topics had not been explored thoroughly, melodies in the 20th century utilized a greater variety of pitch resources than ha been the custom in any other historical period of Western music. While the diatonic scale was used, the chromatic scale became widely employed. Composers also allotted a structural role to the dimensions that previously had been almost exclusively reserved for pitch. Kliewer states, The essential elements of any melody are duration, pitch, and quality, texture, for example, Jazz musicians use the term lead or head to refer to the main melody, which is used as a starting point for improvisation. Rock music, melodic music, and other forms of popular music, indian classical music relies heavily on melody and rhythm, and not so much on harmony, as the music contains no chord changes. Balinese gamelan music often uses complicated variations and alterations of a melody played simultaneously. In western classical music, composers often introduce an initial melody, or theme, classical music often has several melodic layers, called polyphony, such as those in a fugue, a type of counterpoint. Often, melodies are constructed from motifs or short melodic fragments, richard Wagner popularized the concept of a leitmotif, a motif or melody associated with a certain idea, person or place. Appropriation Hocket Parsons code, a notation used to identify a piece of music through melodic motion—the motion of the pitch up. Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. p. 517–19, the Art of Melody, p. xix–xxx. A Textbook of Melody, A course in functional melodic analysis, a History Of Melody, Barrie and Rockliff, London
10.
Rhythm
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Rhythm generally means a movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions. In the performance arts, rhythm is the timing of events on a scale, of musical sounds and silences that occur over time, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language. In some performing arts, such as hip hop music, the delivery of the lyrics is one of the most important elements of the style. Rhythm may also refer to visual presentation, as timed movement through space, in recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury Yeston, Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty, Godfried Toussaint, William Rothstein, and Joel Lester. In Thinking and Destiny, Harold W. Percival defined rhythm as the character and meaning of thought expressed through the measure or movement in sound or form, or by written signs or words. In his television series How Music Works, Howard Goodall presents theories that human rhythm recalls the regularity with which we walk, other research suggests that it does not relate to the heartbeat directly, but rather the speed of emotional affect, which also influences heartbeat. Yet other researchers suggest that certain features of human music are widespread. The perception and abstraction of rhythmic measure is the foundation of human instinctive musical participation, Joseph Jordania recently suggested that the sense of rhythm was developed in the early stages of hominid evolution by the forces of natural selection. Plenty of animals walk rhythmically and hear the sounds of the heartbeat in the womb, some types of parrots can know rhythm. There is not a report of an animal being trained to tap, peck. For this reason, the fast-transient sounds of percussion instruments lend themselves to the definition of rhythm, Musical cultures that rely upon such instruments may develop multi-layered polyrhythm and simultaneous rhythms in more than one time signature, called polymeter. Such are the cross-rhythms of Sub-Saharan Africa and the interlocking kotekan rhythms of the gamelan, for information on rhythm in Indian music see Tala. For other Asian approaches to rhythm see Rhythm in Persian music, Rhythm in Arabian music and Usul—Rhythm in Turkish music and this consists of a series of identical yet distinct periodic short-duration stimuli perceived as points in time. It is currently most often designated as a crotchet or quarter note in western notation, faster levels are division levels, and slower levels are multiple levels. Rhythms of recurrence arise from the interaction of two levels of motion, the faster providing the pulse and the slower organizing the beats into repetitive groups. Once a metric hierarchy has been established, we, as listeners, a durational pattern that synchronises with a pulse or pulses on the underlying metric level may be called a rhythmic unit. A rhythmic gesture is any pattern that, in contrast to the rhythmic unit
11.
Adolescence
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Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. Adolescence is usually associated with the years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier. For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females, physical growth, and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties. Thus age provides only a marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence. A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is a period of transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment. The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country, Adolescence is usually accompanied by an increased independence allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including less supervision as compared to preadolescence. Major pubertal and biological changes include changes to the sex organs, height, weight, cognitive advances encompass both increment in knowledge and in the ability to think abstractly and to reason more effectively. The study of adolescent development often involves interdisciplinary collaborations, for example, researchers in neuroscience or bio-behavioral health might focus on pubertal changes in brain structure and its effects on cognition or social relations. Sociologists interested in adolescence might focus on the acquisition of social roles, developmental psychologists might focus on changes in relations with parents and peers as a function of school structure and pubertal status. Some scientists have questioned the universality of adolescence as a developmental phase, puberty is a period of several years in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur, culminating in sexual maturity. The average age of onset of puberty is at 11 for girls and 12 for boys, every persons individual timetable for puberty is influenced primarily by heredity, although environmental factors, such as diet and exercise, also exert some influences. These factors can contribute to precocious and delayed puberty. Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive physiological changes in height, weight, body composition. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity, puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of sex characteristics. This is triggered by the pituitary gland, which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction to occur
12.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
13.
Boy band
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Being vocal groups, most boy band members do not play musical instruments, either in recording sessions or on stage, making the term something of a misnomer. Many boy bands dance as well as sing, usually giving highly choreographed performances, some such bands form on their own. They can evolve out of church choral or gospel music groups, due to this and their general commercial orientation towards a female audience of preteens, teenyboppers, or teens, the term may be used with negative connotations in music journalism. Boy bands are similar in concept to their counterparts, girl groups, the earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets. They were usually a group of males and sang in four part harmonies, the popularity of barbershop quartets had been prominent into the earlier part of the 20th century. A revival of the vocal group took place in the late 1940s and 1950s with the use of doo-wop music. Doo-wop bands sang about topics such as love and other used in pop music. The earliest traces of boy bands were in the mid-1950s although the boy band was not used. African American vocal group The Ink Spots was one of the first of what would now be called boy bands, the term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or hep harmony singing groups. For instance, their music featured close harmonies from soul music and catchy pop hooks influenced as much as they were by Motown and acts like the Supremes. All members of the band sang, which is a convention of a boy band, as opposed to having a front man. Even so, the members conveniently fitted into the convention of having stereotypical personality types, the Beatles were a direct influence on the conception of the Monkees, as they used rock band instrumentation and played more rock oriented music. With music produced by Don Kirshner, The Monkees became eventually dissatisfied with Kirshners control over them and they became independent two years later, working on their own up to 1970, when the group first dissolved. Other antecedents exist throughout the history of pop music, the genre has been copied into languages and cultures other than the Anglo-American. The Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, appealing to young Latina audiences, was founded in 1977, Menudo had a convention unique among boy bands, when a member turned 16, became too tall, or their voice changed, they were replaced. The members of Menudo were generally aged 12–17, the Bay City Rollers were a Scottish pop band who were most popular in the mid-1970s. For a relatively brief but fervent period, they were worldwide teen idols, the group were one of the first bands like The Monkees before them to take the formula shown by The Beatles and apply it to a teen market. The group achieved the same amount of success but for a period of time
14.
The Wrens
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The Wrens are an American indie rock band from New Jersey. The group consists of Charles Bissell, brothers Greg Whelan and Kevin Whelan, Jerry MacDonald replaced the bands original drummer in 1990 and the quartet moved into a house together in the town of Secaucus, New Jersey to concentrate on their music career. However, on learning that there was already a group named Low. By 1996, the Wrens had released two albums, Silver and Secaucus. Both arrived to critical acclaim and gained a following of fans, in the summer of 1995 Grass Records was bought out by businessman Alan Meltzer, who wanted to refocus the label on scoring more mainstream popularity and hit songs. During their 1996 tour for Secaucus the band was offered a new contract for over a million dollars. Fearing loss of independence and a watering down of their music, as a result, they were not offered another record deal and all production and promotion of their previous two albums was stopped. Meltzer changed Grass Records name to Wind-Up Records, eventually scoring the mainstream success he sought with groups such as Creed, following the termination of their contract with Grass Records, a six-track EP, Abbott 1135, was released in 1997 on Ten23 Records. Despite spending more than a year in discussions with major labels, notably Interscope Records, in order to secure a record contract. With no contract and their financial lifeline cut off, the members of the Wrens were forced to take full-time jobs while they work on their third album in 1999. It took four years before the record, titled The Meadowlands, was completed in early 2003. The Wrens had received an offer a few years previously to release the album on Drive-Thru Records, the album received overwhelmingly positive reviews from the music press, in publications such as AllMusic, Pitchfork and praise from critic Robert Christgau. The album was described by The New York Times as a universally acclaimed disc of bright literate pop. It took a two years before the album was released in Europe on the LO-MAX Records label, to similarly rave reviews. In 2006, the Wrens recorded a cover of the song Theyll Need A Crane for the tribute album Hello Radio, The Songs of They Might Be Giants. The band also contributed a new song, Crescent, to Dear New Orleans, on May 1,2014, the Wrens Twitter account said that the band had finished recording its fourth album. No release date has yet been announced, in late November 2015, the band released an alternate version of a song from their new album, Three Types of Reading Ambiguity, which was made available to premium subscribers of Esopus Magazine. The song was released on a limited edition cassette, which also included another version of the song performed by artist Beth Campbell
15.
Jawbreaker (band)
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Jawbreaker was an American punk rock band active from 1986 to 1996. The band is considered one of the acts of the 1990s emo movement. Relocating again to San Francisco the following year, they released 1992s Bivouac through the Tupelo Recording Company, Schwarzenbachs charisma and personal, frustrated lyrics helped to establish him as a cult idol, even as he underwent surgery to remove painful and voice-threatening polyps from his throat. Jawbreaker toured with Nirvana in 1993 and released 24 Hour Revenge Therapy in 1994 and they signed a $1 million contract with DGC Records and released 1995s Dear You, but its polished production and smooth vocals caused significant backlash from the bands core audience. Internal tensions led to Jawbreakers dissolution in 1996, following the breakup, the members of Jawbreaker were active in other projects including Jets to Brazil and Whysall Lane. In 2004, Pfahler licensed the out-of-print Dear You from DGCs parent company Geffen Records and he has since issued a remastered version of Unfun, and plans to remaster the rest of the bands catalog. Prior to forming Jawbreaker, Blake Schwarzenbach and Adam Pfahler were childhood friends in Santa Monica, California, in 1986 they moved to New York City to attend New York University and decided to start a band. Seeking a bassist, they responded to a flyer posted on campus by Chris Bauermeister and it wasnt just this Xeroxed thing, Pfahler later recalled, It was something he had drawn, like a poster. It was all colored and it named all the right bands, the trio began practicing together at Giant Studios on Sixth Avenue, with Schwarzenbach on guitar and Pfahler on drums. It was just us, trying to figure each other out in that room for a while, recalls Schwarzenbach. I am glad we didnt play live, because I had to go through my hardcore phase and they practiced with several singers and went through several names during this time, eventually settling on the name Rise. In the fall of 1987 Schwarzenbach, Pfahler, and Bauermeister took time off from college and moved to Los Angeles to pursue Rise and this changed, however, when Schwarzenbach wrote and sang Shield Your Eyes for the bands demo. It was the first recording on which he sang, and he noted that it kind of defined where we would go as a band. According to Liu, That was the song where everything worked, but to my detriment, I kind of bristled against it. I was like, This is amazing, and I dont think I can do anything like this, the band soon changed their name to Jawbreaker and Schwarzenbach, Pfahler, and Bauermeister decided to continue as a trio with Schwarzenbach on vocals. Bauermeister was given the task of informing Liu that he was no longer in the band, I am cool with it now, reflected Liu in 2010, It was to everybodys benefit. But at the time, there was some bitterness, Shield Your Eyes was the first Jawbreaker song to be released, on the 7 vinyl compilation album The Worlds in Shreds Volume Two on independent record label Shredder Records. This was followed by a single for the song Busy and the Whack & Blite 7 E. P. in 1989, in total Jawbreaker wrote almost 20 songs in 1988 and 1989, many of which appeared on compilations and split singles over the next two years
16.
Weezer
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Weezer is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1992, consisting of Rivers Cuomo, Patrick Wilson, Brian Bell, and Scott Shriner. Weezer has sold 9.2 million albums in the US, after signing to Geffen Records in 1993, the band released its debut self-titled album, also known as the Blue Album, in 1994. Backed by successful music videos for the singles Buddy Holly, Undone – The Sweater Song and Say It Aint So, both the Blue Album and Pinkerton are now frequently cited among the best albums of the 1990s. Following the tour for Pinkerton, bassist Matt Sharp left the band, in 2001, Weezer returned with another self-titled album, also known as the Green Album, with new bassist Mikey Welsh. With a more pop sound, and promoted by singles Hash Pipe and Island in the Sun, after the albums release, Welsh left the band and was replaced by current bassist Scott Shriner. Weezers fourth album, Maladroit, was released in May 2002 to mostly positive reviews, in June 2008, Weezers third self-titled album, also known as the Red Album, featuring TR-808s, synths, Southern rap, and baroque counterpoint, was released to mixed reviews. Its lead single, Pork and Beans, became the third song to top the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Weezers seventh and eight albums Raditude and Hurley, featuring more pop production and songs co-written with other artists, achieved further mixed reviews. The bands ninth and tenth albums, Everything Will Be Alright in the End, vocalist and lead guitarist Rivers Cuomo, drummer Patrick Wilson, bassist Matt Sharp and guitarist Jason Cropper formed Weezer in 1992. The band had its first practice on February 14 of that year, Weezer signed with Geffen Records on June 25,1993 and the group recorded its debut album with producer Ric Ocasek at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. During the recording, Cropper left the band and was replaced by guitarist Brian Bell, Weezer was released in May 1994. Geffen originally did not wish to release a single, to see what sales could be generated by word-of-mouth alone, DJ Marco Collins of the Seattle radio station The End started playing Undone – The Sweater Song, leading Geffen to release it as the first single. The music video was directed by Spike Jonze, filmed in an unbroken take, it featured Weezer performing on a sound stage with little action, bar a pack of dogs swarming the set. The video became an instant hit on MTV, Jonze also directed the bands second video, Buddy Holly, splicing footage from the 1970s television sitcom Happy Days with Weezer performing in a remade Arnolds Drive-In. The video achieved heavy rotation on MTV and went on to win four MTV Video Music Awards, including Breakthrough Video and Best Alternative Music Video, the video was also featured on the companion CD for the Microsoft Windows 95 computer operating system. A third single, Say It Aint So, followed, Weezer is certified triple platinum in the United States, making it Weezers best-selling album. It is certified platinum in Canada. In 1994, Weezer took a break from touring for the Christmas holidays, Cuomo traveled to his home state of Connecticut and began recording demos for Weezers next album
17.
Pinkerton (album)
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Pinkerton is the second studio album by American rock band Weezer, released on September 24,1996 on DGC Records. After abandoning plans for an opera titled Songs from the Black Hole. It was the last Weezer album to feature bassist Matt Sharp, to better capture their live sound, Weezer produced Pinkerton themselves, creating a darker, more abrasive album than their 1994 self-titled debut. Like the opera, the album contains references to Japanese culture, Pinkerton produced three singles, El Scorcho, The Good Life and Pink Triangle. It debuted at number 19 on the US Billboard 200 and fell short of sales expectations after the success of Weezers debut. It initially received mixed reviews, but went on to cult status and wide acclaim years later. In 1994, after the success of Weezers self-titled debut album. In his home state of Connecticut, songwriter Rivers Cuomo began preparing material for Weezers next album using an 8-track recorder and his original concept was a science fiction rock opera titled Songs from the Black Hole that expressed his mixed feelings about success. Weezer developed Songs from the Black Hole through intermittent recording sessions throughout 1995, in March, Cuomo, who was born with one leg shorter than the other, had extensive leg surgery to lengthen his right leg, followed by painful physiotherapy sessions. This affected his songwriting, as he would spend long periods hospitalized, unable to walk without the use of a cane, I can tell that they are dreaming, as I dreamed, when I was a kid, of someday ruling the world with a rock band. I tell them the same thing I would tell any young rock-star-to-be you will get lonely, then you will be alone again, in your motel room. Or you will be on your bus, in your little space, trying to kill the nine hours it takes to get to the next city and this is the life of a rock star. Cuomo felt frustrated by the limitations of rock, every night after performing with Weezer, he would listen to Giacomo Puccinis 1904 opera Madama Butterfly, the depth of emotion and sadness and tragedy inspired him to go further with his music. By May 1996, Cuomos songwriting had become darker, more visceral and exposed, less playful, Weezers second album would instead feature songs written while Cuomo was at Harvard, chronicling his loneliness and frustration, or what Cuomo referred to as his dark side. Getchoo, No Other One and Tired of Sex, to give the album a live, raw feel, Cuomo, guitarist Brian Bell and bassist Matt Sharp recorded their vocals in tandem around three microphones rather than overdubbing them separately. While Cuomo was at Harvard, other Weezer members worked on side projects, Sharp promoted the debut album by his band The Rentals. Bell and drummer Patrick Wilson worked on material for their bands the Space Twins, after recording new songs El Scorcho and Pink Triangle, Weezer separated again while Cuomo returned to Harvard. The band completed the album in mid-1996 in Los Angeles, two additional tracks, I Swear Its True and Getting Up and Leaving, were abandoned prior to the mixing process
18.
Spin (magazine)
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Spin is an American music magazine founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. The magazine stopped running in print in 2012 and currently runs as a webzine, in its early years, the magazine was known for its broad music coverage with an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, and the ongoing emergence of hip-hop. The magazine was eclectic and bold, if sometimes haphazard and it pointedly provided a national alternative to Rolling Stones more establishment-oriented style. Spin prominently placed newer artists such as R. E. M, Spins extensive coverage of hip-hop music and culture, especially that of contributing editor John Leland, was notable at the time. Editorial contributions by musical and cultural figures included Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth, the magazine also reported on cities such as Austin, Texas, or Glasgow, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent music scene. A1990 article on the country blues scene brought R. L. Burnside to national attention for the first time. During this time, it was published by Camouflage Associates, in 1997, Guccione sold Spin to Miller Publishing. In February 2006, Miller Publishing sold the magazine to a San Francisco-based company called the McEvoy Group LLC and that company formed Spin Media LLC as a holding company. The new owners replaced editor-in-chief Sia Michel with Andy Pemberton, an editor at Blender. The first issue to be published under his command was the July 2006 issue—sent to the printer in May 2006—which featured Beyoncé on the cover. Pemberton and Spin parted ways the next month, in June 2006, the following editor, Doug Brod, was executive editor during Michels tenure. For Spins 20th anniversary, it published a book chronicling the prior two decades in music. The book has essays on grunge, Britpop, and emo, among other genres of music, as well as pieces on musical acts including Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, and the Smashing Pumpkins. In July 2012, Spin was sold to Buzzmedia, which renamed itself SpinMedia. The September/October 2012 issue of Spin was the magazines last print edition, in December 2016, Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group for an undisclosed amount. In 1995, Spin produced its first book, entitled Spin Alternative Record Guide, although the book was not a sales success, it inspired a disproportionate number of young readers to pursue music criticism. Notable contributors to Spin have included, SPIN began compiling year-end lists in 1990, note, The 2000 album of the year was awarded to your hard drive, acknowledging the impact that filesharing had on the music listening experience in 2000. Kid A was listed as number 2, the highest ranking given to an actual album,1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists Anon
19.
The Get Up Kids
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The Get Up Kids are an American rock band from Kansas City, Missouri. Formed in 1995, the band was a player in the mid-1990s emo scene. As they gained prominence, they touring with bands such as Green Day and Weezer before becoming headliners themselves, eventually embarking on international tours of Japan. They founded Heroes & Villains Records, an imprint of the indie rock label Vagrant Records. While the imprint was started to release albums by The Get Up Kids, it served as a pad for several side-projects such as The New Amsterdams and Reggie. The Get Up Kids were viewed throughout their existence as an emo band. Their second album Something to Write Home About remains their most widely acclaimed album, however, like many early emo bands, The Get Up Kids sought to dissociate themselves with the term, as it was considered dismissive to be seen as an emo band. The band departed heavily from their style with the release of their 2002 album On a Wire. If this is the world we helped create, then I apologize, due to internal conflicts, the band broke up in 2005. Three years later, the band reunited to support the tenth anniversary re-release of Something to Write Home About, in early 2010, the band released Simple Science, their first release in six years, followed in 2011 by the full-length There Are Rules. While in high school, Ryan Pope, Rob Pope, Matt Pryor had been writing songs since he was a teenager, and was playing in a band called Secret Decoder Ring. Following the demise of the two bands in 1995, The Get Up Kids were formed, the band was formed on October 14,1995 on Suptics 18th birthday. At the time the lineup consisted of Pryor on guitar and lead vocals, Suptic on guitar, Rob Pope on bass, and Thomas Becker on drums. However, Becker soon left for college in California, and was replaced by Nathan Shay, in 1995, Pryor, Suptic, and friend Kevin Zelko saved money to self-release Shorty/The Breathing Method, their first 7-inch. However, due to an unwillingness to tour, Shay was replaced by Roberts younger brother Ryan in April 1996, the band became increasingly popular in the burgeoning underground Midwestern music scene, forming strong relationships with bands such as Rocket Fuel Is The Key, Coalesce and Braid. After the Shorty 7-inch, the band released A Newfound Interest in Massachusetts on Contrast Records, encouraged by interest stirred by the bands first 7-inch, they recorded their first EP, Woodson. After Woodson, Doghouse approached the band with a two-album contract, after signing to Doghouse, the band drove to Chicago to record their debut full-length album with producer Bob Weston of Shellac. The album was recorded in two days, with the band leaving on Friday after Ryan Pope got out of school
20.
Fall Out Boy
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Fall Out Boy is an American rock band formed in Wilmette, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, in 2001. The band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Patrick Stump, bassist Pete Wentz, lead guitarist Joe Trohman, the band originated from Chicagos hardcore punk scene, with which all members were involved at one point. The group was formed by Wentz and Trohman as a pop side project of the members respective hardcore bands. The group went through a succession of drummers before landing Hurley and recording the debut album. The album became a success and helped the band gain a dedicated fanbase through heavy touring. Take This to Your Grave has commonly cited as an influential blueprint for pop punk music in the 2000s. Fall Out Boy received a Best New Artist nomination at the 2006 Grammy Awards, the bands 2007 follow-up, Infinity on High, landed at number one on the Billboard 200 with 260,000 first week sales. It produced two hit singles, This Aint a Scene, Its an Arms Race and Thnks fr th Mmrs. Folie à Deux, the fourth album, created a mixed response from fans. Following the release of Believers Never Die – Greatest Hits, the took a hiatus from 2009 to 2012 to decompress. The band regrouped and recorded Save Rock and Roll, which gave the band its second number one. 1, making it the bands third No.1 album, Fall Out Boy was formed in 2001 in the Chicago suburb of Wilmette, Illinois by friends Pete Wentz and Joe Trohman. Wentz was growing dissatisfied with the mores of the community. With enthusiasm in Arma Angelus waning, he created a pop side project with Trohman as an easy. Trohman met Patrick Stump, then a drummer for grindcore band Xgrinding processX, while discussing Neurosis with a friend, Stump interrupted the conversation to correct their classification of the band in a conversation that soon shifted to the new band. Stump, viewing it as an opportunity to try out with local hardcore celebrity Wentz, directed Trohman to his MP3. com page, which contained sung-through acoustic recordings. Stump intended to try out as a drummer, but Trohman urged him to bring out his acoustic guitar, while Wentz wanted Racetraitor bandmate Andy Hurley in the group as drummer, Hurley appeared uninterested and too busy. The bands first public performance came in a cafeteria at DePaul University alongside Stilwell, Wentz and Stump argued over band names, the former favored verbose, tongue-in-cheek names while the latter desired to reference Tom Waits in name
21.
New Found Glory
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New Found Glory is an American rock band from Coral Springs, Florida, formed in 1997. The band currently consists of Jordan Pundik, Chad Gilbert, Ian Grushka, longtime rhythm guitarist and lyricist Steve Klein departed from the band in late 2013, following personal differences. During their lengthy recording career, the band have released eight albums, one live album. Emerging as part of the wave of pop punk in the late 1990s. Labelled the godfathers of pop punk, AllMusic credits them for practically serving alongside the work of Blink-182 as the blueprint to the genre for the early 2000s. Also renowned for their live performances, the band has garnered a cult following since their inception. The origins of the date back to 1997 when Jordan Pundik and Ian Grushka played together in the band Inner City Kids. After disbanding Flip 60, they recruited Stephen Klein, who Pundik met at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School and had played with him in the band Fallview. The threesome began to jam together, practicing in Grushkas garage, they later invited Joe Taco Joe Marino to play drums. Shortly thereafter, Chad Gilbert, former vocalist of Shai Hulud, Pundik later stated the band name was created while he and Klein were working at Red Lobster together, We came up with A New Found Glory, we wrote it on a napkin. I think we pulled some of it from A Newfound Interest in Massachusetts by the Get Up Kids, the band recorded their debut EP, Its All About the Girls in a friends apartment, and the EP was distributed by local independent label Fiddler Records. Soon after, Marino was replaced by current drummer Cyrus Bolooki after two rehearsal sessions, the band went on to tour up and down the East Coast and quickly sold out the entire pressing of the EP. The bands underground success soon caught the attention of Eulogy Recordings, following the success of their EP, the band recorded their debut full-length album, Nothing Gold Can Stay, initially selling one-page insert copies at their shows supporting MxPx. Richard Reines, co-founder of Drive-Thru Records had also noted their devout following, Drive-Thru subsequently signed the five-piece and paid Eulogy $5,000 to license Nothing Gold Can Stay, which went on to sell more than 300,000 copies. The five-piece signed their first proper record deal with Drive-Thru Records, drive-Thrus relationship with MCA Records ensured that the smaller labels more popular bands would be picked up by the major. Later that year, debut single Hit or Miss peaked at No.15 on the US Modern Rock Chart, subsequently, their self-titled second album New Found Glory reached number one on the Billboard Heatseekers chart, and spent 21 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart. Magazine article years later, they referred to the album as the bands Essential Purchase and they wrote, marking one of the biggest and quickest improvements in alternative music, the major label debut hurled them to the forefront of the punk scene barely 12 months after its predecessor. Packed with infectious melodies and sing-along anthems, it would see them jostling with the likes of Blink-182 for the genres crown
22.
Green Day
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Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool. Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016. Green Day was originally part of the scene at the DIY924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley. The bands early releases were with the independent record label Lookout, in 1994, its major label debut Dookie became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U. S. The bands rock opera, American Idiot, reignited the bands popularity with a younger generation, the bands eighth studio album, 21st Century Breakdown, was released in 2009 and achieved the bands best chart performance to date. 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡Uno, ¡Dos. and ¡Tré. which were released in September, November and December 2012 respectively. The bands twelfth album, Revolution Radio was released on October 7,2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide, in 2010, a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards, Best Musical, Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design, losing only the first, also in 2010, Green Day was ranked no.91 in the VH1 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. On April 18,2015, the band was inducted into the Rock, in 1986, friends Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt,14 years old at the time, formed a band called Sweet Children. The groups first live performance took place on October 17,1987, at Rods Hickory Pit in Vallejo, in 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as Al Sobrante. As said in the film Punks Not Dead, Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy as an influence. In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout, Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In 1989, the band recorded its debut extended play,1,000 Hours, before 1,000 Hours was released, the group dropped the name Sweet Children, according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby. The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the fondness for cannabis. Released Green Days debut studio album, 39/Smooth in early 1990, Records re-released 39/Smooth under the name 1, 039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, and added the songs from the bands first two EPs, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours. In late 1990, shortly after the bands first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California
23.
Screeching Weasel
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Screeching Weasel is an American punk rock band originally from the Chicago suburb of Prospect Heights, Illinois. The band was formed in 1986 by Ben Weasel and John Jughead, since their formation, Screeching Weasel have broken up and reformed numerous times with numerous line-up changes. Ben Weasel has been the only constant member, though Jughead was present in every incarnation of the band until 2009, Screeching Weasel recorded 13 studio albums, splitting time between a number of famous independent record labels such as Lookout. Despite never achieving mainstream success, a number of popular acts cite them as influential. Shortly after their formation, Weasel decided that it was too difficult to play bass and sing at the time, so Vince Vogel. The band recorded their album, Screeching Weasel, in one night for $200. In 1988, Bovine was fired from the band and was replaced with Warren Fischer, better known as Fish, the band recorded their second studio album, Boogadaboogadaboogada. Which featured Weasel playing second guitar and made a name for themselves by opening a show for Operation Ivy at 924 Gilman Street, steve Cheese was fired from the band shortly after the recording due to his unwillingness to tour outside of Chicago. He was replaced by Aaron Cometbus for two shows who then was replaced by Brian Vermin, Boogadaboogadaboogada. was released in late 1988 on Roadkill Records, a label formed by investor David Best and managed by Ben Weasel following an introduction of the two by producer Mass Giorgini. After what Weasel described as a tour, Fish left the group and was replaced by Dan Schafer, originally nicknamed Sewercap. The new band recorded an extended play entitled Punkhouse for Limited Potential Records soon after that. The band ended up recording four songs in 1989 that were featured on compilations, featuring a second guitarist Doug Ward. Screeching Weasel disbanded when Vermin and Vapid stated that wanted to leave the band to concentrate on their side project. After the break-up, Weasel and Jughead formed a new band called The Gore Gore Girls, in 1991, the members of Screeching Weasel reunited for what was intended as a one-off gig to pay off debts the band incurred from the recording of Boogadaboogadaboogada. The line-up consisted of Ben, Jughead, Vapid, Vermin, after the show, Vapid discussed the idea of reforming Screeching Weasel with Jughead. All of the members agreed to reform, with the exceptions of Brian Vermin. To replace Vermin, drummer Dan Panic was brought in, before recording their third studio album, My Brain Hurts for Lookout. Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing, Vapid switched instruments from bass to guitar, and former Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Naked joined the band
24.
Gorilla Biscuits
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Gorilla Biscuits is a New York-based hardcore punk band originally formed in 1987. The band currently consists of Anthony Civarelli, Walter Schreifels, Arthur Smilios, Alex Brown and Luke Abbey, Gorilla Biscuits were formed when Arthur Smilios and Nick Drysdale met Anthony Civ Civarelli while they were both attending the same high school on Long Island. All three were fans of the band Agnostic Front, and started going to shows at CBGB on weekends. There they met people like Ray Cappo and John Porcelly of the band Youth of Today, Arthur sought to form a hardcore band and asked Civ to act as vocalist. However Civ was not interested in singing, and had to face the floor or wall during early gigs due to nerves, members of the band Token Entry arranged a gig for the still unnamed band, but needed a name to give it to the promoter. A popular drug in the area at time was quaaludes. Eventually the name evolved into Gorilla Biscuits, and though it was only meant to be temporary. The band made a number of demo tapes which were sold at a dollar store. Their first official T-shirts were blue with an image of a riding a skateboard and were made using black magic markers. The band toured the United States and Europe twice, the band started writing material for a second LP which they never recorded, and eventually disbanded around the year 1992. Some of the went on to play in a follow-up band. Besides singing for CIV, Civ now owns a studio on Long Island. Walter went on to form the post-hardcore band Quicksand and he then wrote the songs for and helped produce CIVs first album. In 2006, Revelation Records re-issued their seminal recording Start Today, the album is re-mastered and features in-depth liner notes by Walter Schreifels. The band held a month-long re-union tour during the summer of 2006, in September 2007, Gorilla Biscuits performed a month-long tour across Europe, including stops in Germany, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands and England. In celebration of the European Tour, Paul Frank collaborated with Gorilla Biscuits again to produce a run of Gorilla Biscuits wallets. Only one was sold at each Paul Frank store worldwide, on May 28,2011, Gorilla Biscuits headlined the Black N Blue Bowl at Webster Hall in New York City. On June 8,9 and 10th of 2012, Gorilla Biscuits played the Epic Revelation Records 25 Year Anniversary shows at The Glasshouse in Pomona, CA
25.
The Ramones
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The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk-rock sound, despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the 1970s punk movement in both the United States and United Kingdom. All of the members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname Ramone. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years, in 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the original members, lead singer Joey Ramone, bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone, lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, on March 18,2002, the original four members and Tommys replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a garage band from 1965 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets. They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had moved to the area from Germany, and Jeffrey Hyman. The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974 when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band, the initial line-up featured Colvin on lead vocals, rhythm and bass guitars, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Hyman soon switched from drums to vocals, Colvin was the first to adopt the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartneys use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beetles days, Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones. Hyman and Cummings became Joey and Johnny Ramone, respectively, a friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick, helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattans Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnnys former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager, soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously, with Erdelyis encouragement, Joey became the bands new lead singer. Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each songs tempo with his signature shout of 1-2-3-4. Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously, while auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the music better than anyone else. The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30,1974, the songs they played were very fast and very short, most clocked in at under two minutes
26.
Blink-182
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Blink-182 is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action, in response, the band appended the meaningless number -182. In its early years, Blink-182 toured heavily behind the bands debut, the group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album, Dude Ranch. Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker, the groups next two releases, Enema of the State and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket, were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay. The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a shift for the group. DeLonge quit in 2005, sending the band into what was termed an indefinite hiatus and they reunited in 2009, producing the trios sixth album, Neighborhoods. In 2015, DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba, the bands seventh studio album, California, was released on July 1,2016. Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk, the trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States, and over 50 million albums worldwide. Blink-182 was formed in Poway, California, a suburb outside of San Diego, tom DeLonge was expelled from Poway High for attending a basketball game drunk and was forced to attend another local school for one semester. At Rancho Bernardo High School, DeLonge performed at a Battle of the Bands competition and he also befriended Kerry Key, who too was interested in punk music. Keys girlfriend, Anne Hoppus, introduced her brother Mark Hoppus—who had recently moved from Ridgecrest to work at a record store, the two clicked instantly and played for hours in DeLonges garage, exchanging lyrics and co-writing songs—one of which became Carousel. Hoppus, in trying to impress Delonge, managed to fall from a lamppost in front of DeLonges garage and crack his ankles, the trio began to practice together in Raynors bedroom, spending hours together writing music, attending punk shows and movies, and playing practical jokes. Hoppus and DeLonge would alternate singing vocal parts, the trio first operated under a variety of names, including Duck Tape and Figure 8, until DeLonge rechristened the band Blink. Shortly thereafter, DeLonge and Raynor borrowed a four-track recorder from friend and collaborator Cam Jones and were preparing to record a demo tape, Hoppus promptly broke up with his girlfriend and returned to the band. Flyswatter—a combination of songs and punk covers—was recorded in Raynors bedroom in May 1993. Southern California had a large population in the early 1990s, aided by an avid surfing, skating. In contrast to East Coast punk music, the West Coast wave of groups, Blink included, New York is gloomy, dark and cold. The Californian middle-class suburbs have nothing to be that bummed about, San Diego at this time was hardly a hotbed of activity, but the bands popularity grew as did California punk rock concurrently in the mainstream
27.
Paramore
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Paramore is an American rock band from Franklin, Tennessee, formed in 2004. The band currently consists of lead vocalist Hayley Williams, guitarist Taylor York, the group released its debut album All We Know Is Falling in 2005, with the album reaching number eight on the UK Rock Chart and number thirty on Billboards Heatseekers Chart. While it only had a commercial performance initially, the album. The bands second album, Riot. was released in 2007, due to the success of the singles Misery Business, crushcrushcrush, and Thats What You Get, Riot. was a mainstream success and was certified Platinum in the United States. They then received a Best New Artist nomination at the 2008 Grammy Awards and their 2009 follow-up, Brand New Eyes, is the bands second-highest charting album to date, landing at number two on the Billboard 200 with 175,000 first week sales. It produced the top-forty single The Only Exception and went platinum in Ireland and the UK, as well as gold in the US, Canada, Australia, following the departure of Josh and Zac Farro in 2010, the band released their self-titled fourth album in 2013. It gave the band their first career number one on the US Billboard 200 and was also the one album in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina. The bands lineup changed again after this album cycle with bassist Jeremy Davis leaving the band near the end of 2015. Shortly after arriving, she began taking lessons with Brett Manning. The other members of what was soon to be Paramore had been edgy about the whole thing of having Williams as vocalist. Williams said of the members when she first met them, They were the first people I met who were as passionate about music as I was. The band was formed by Josh Farro, Zac Farro, Davis and Williams in 2004. When Davis showed up, he was stunned to find out the drummer was only twelve years old and he admitted I had very, very, very, little faith in everyone in the band because of their age. I remember thinking, This is not going to work because this kid is way too young, I knew we were on to something. According to Williams, the name Paramore came from the name of the mother of one of their first bass players. Once the group learned the meaning of the homophone paramour, they decided to adopt the name, Williams was originally signed to Atlantic Records as a solo artist in 2003. Steunebrink and Richard Williams had originally discovered and signed her to a deal that was later bought out by Atlantic. The original plan of the label was to turn her into a pop singer, in an interview with HitQuarters the bands A&R at Atlantic, Steve Robertson, said, She wanted to make sure that we didnt look at her as some straight to Top 40 pop princess
28.
Fueled by Ramen
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Fueled by Ramen LLC is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group with distribution from one of the companys main labels, Atlantic Records. The label, founded in Gainesville, Florida, is now based in New York City, the name of the label was inspired by only being able to afford a diet of inexpensive ramen at the time, due to having invested most of their money into making records. In 2004, Fall Out Boys Pete Wentz introduced Fueled By Ramen to fellow Chicago pop rock outfit The Academy Is. who released their debut album Almost Here, the following year. In September 2005, Decaydance and Fueled By Ramen released A Fever You Cant Sweat Out, in 2006, Vinnie Fiorello left the label, citing disagreements in the direction of future signees and loss of passion in the music the label was investing itself in. Panic. at the Discos second studio album Pretty, odd. achieved similar success, debuting at number 2 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling over 139,000 copies its first week, and gaining platinum success. Later in 2016, Panic. at the Discos fifth studio album Death of a Bachelor debuted at number 1, selling 196,000 copies in its first week and this list was compiled based on information found on the Fueled by Ramen website and the labels discography. List of record labels Paper + Plastick, Vinnie Fiorellos new label Official website
29.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
30.
My Chemical Romance
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My Chemical Romance was an American rock band from New Jersey, active from 2001 to 2013. The bands best-known lineup consisted of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, bassist Mikey Way and drummer Bob Bryar. Founded by Gerard, Mikey, Toro, Matt Pelissier, and later joined by Iero and they signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge in 2004. Shortly after the release, Pelissier was replaced by Bob Bryar. A commercial success, the album was awarded platinum status over a year later, after the bands split, a greatest hits album entitled May Death Never Stop You was released in March 2014. A tenth anniversary reissue of The Black Parade was released in September 2016 titled The Black Parade/Living with Ghosts, the band was formed by frontman Gerard Way and drummer Matt Pelissier soon after the September 11 attacks. Witnessing the World Trade Center towers fall influenced Ways life to the extent that he decided to start a band, the first recording sessions were undertaken in Pelissiers attic, where the songs Our Lady of Sorrows and Cubicles were recorded. The band refers to those sessions as The Attic Demos, after hearing the demo and dropping out of college, Mikey Way decided to join the band. While with Eyeball Records, the band met Frank Iero, the lead vocalist and guitarist for Pencey Prep, following Pencey Preps split in 2002, Iero became a member of My Chemical Romance, just days prior to the recording of the bands debut album. They recorded their album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love. The album was produced by Thursday frontman Geoff Rickley after the band became friends with him while playing shows in New Jersey, Iero played guitar on two of the tracks, one of which was Early Sunsets Over Monroeville. During this time, the band was booked at the venue, Big Daddys. My Chemical Romance offered free downloads through PureVolume and the social networking website MySpace, in 2003, the band signed a deal with Reprise Records. Following a tour with Avenged Sevenfold, the band working on their second album. Released in 2004, the album went platinum in just over a year, the band released four singles from the album, Im Not Okay, Thank You for the Venom, Helena, and The Ghost of You. After returning from a tour of Japan in July 2004, the band replaced Matt Pelissier with Bob Bryar. At the beginning of 2005, the band was featured on the first Taste of Chaos tour and they then co-headlined Warped Tour 2005 with Fall Out Boy and co-headlined a tour with Alkaline Trio and Reggie and the Full Effect around the US. In March 2006, the album Life on the Murder Scene was released, incorporating a CD and it included one documentary DVD chronicling the bands history, and a second DVD with music videos, the making of their videos and live performances
31.
Bowery Ballroom
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The Bowery Ballroom is a music venue in the Bowery section of Manhattan, New York City. The structure, at 6 Delancey Street, was built just before the Wall Street Crash in 1929 and it stood vacant until the end of WWII, when it became a high-end retail store. The neighborhood subsequently went into decline again, and so did the caliber of businesses occupying the space, in 1998 it was converted into a music venue. It has a capacity of 575 people, directly in front of the venues entrance is one of the entrances to the Bowery station on the BMT Nassau Street Line of the New York City Subway. The club serves as the namesake of Joan Baezs Bowery Songs album and it also appears in the 2000 film Coyote Ugly as well as the 2008 film Nick & Norahs Infinite Playlist. Official website Media related to Bowery Ballroom at Wikimedia Commons
32.
Jimmy Eat World
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Jimmy Eat World is an American rock band from Mesa, Arizona, that formed in 1993. The band is composed of vocalist and lead guitarist Jim Adkins, rhythm guitarist and vocalist Tom Linton, bassist Rick Burch, as of October 2016, Jimmy Eat World have released nine studio albums, the last eight featuring the current lineup. The four pieces commercial breakthrough came with the release of several singles from the album Bleed American. Four singles from the album charted within the top twenty positions of the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart, Jimmy Eat Worlds follow-up album Futures featured another Modern Rock Tracks number one song, Pain. The RIAA certified Bleed American platinum and Futures gold, rewarding the two albums for selling one and a half million records between them. The bands sixth album Chase This Light became the bands highest charting album, the band released their ninth album, Integrity Blues, on October 21,2016. Jimmy Eat World formed in Mesa, Arizona in 1993, guitarist Jim Adkins and drummer Zach Lind, who had been friends since preschool, joined with guitarist Tom Linton and bass player Mitch Porter to try their hand at music. The band originally formed with a rock sound and first released a demo tape in 1993, followed by their first EP in 1994, entitled One, Two, Three. Their debut self-titled album was released with Linton singing most of the vocals on the album. Within the span of a couple of years, the recorded and released three singles and a full-length on local label Wooden Blue Records. During their formative period the band claimed as influences such bands as Mr. T Experience, Radon. The bands name came from a drawing made after an incident between Lintons younger brothers, Jim and Ed Linton, who fought frequently. Jim usually won, but Ed sought revenge by drawing a picture of Jim shoving the Earth into his mouth, eventually, spurred by bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate, the band began to experiment with slower tempos and more varied song structures. The band began to attract increasing attention following the release of numerous recordings, in response to this self-generated exposure, Capitol Records offered the band a deal in mid-1995, following the interest of Loren Israel, the A&R Director of the label. Just prior to signing with Capitol, bass player Mitch Porter parted ways with the band and was replaced by Lintons friend Rick Burch, from late 1998 to early 1999, the band recorded their next album Clarity at two studios, Sound City Studios and Clear Lake Audio. The tracks were mixed at One on One Studios and Music Grinder Studios, both the band and Trombino produced the album, with the latter also responsible for the albums mixing duties. Clarity marks the start of Adkinss primary role as lead vocalist and, instead, Clarity was also released on vinyl through the now-defunct American independent record label Big Wheel Recreation. The third album contained the single Lucky Denver Mint and a remix of the song was featured in the film Never Been Kissed
33.
Clarity (Jimmy Eat World album)
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Clarity is the third studio album by the American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on February 23,1999 through Capitol Records. Overlooked upon its release, Clarity has since amassed cult status and critical acclaim, praise centered on its dynamic instrumentation, as well as the heartfelt delivery of singer-guitarist-lyricist Jim Adkins. Various music critics have credited the album for serving as an influence on later emo music. During breaks in touring in support of Static Prevails, Adkins worked at an art store, while working at this store, Table for Glasses came about. Adkins learned about shows that featured art pieces from local artists, Adkins was waiting for a friends piece to begin when he spotted a girl clearing the area with the end of her dress. The girl walked towards a candle lit table that had already set up. She just sat there picking out the dirt from her dress, Table for Glasses was one of a few songs that was intended for a side project of quiet songs. The project never got beyond jamming, and thus the songs were considered for Clarity, Lucky Denver Mint was inspired by a night out in Las Vegas Adkins had with a friend. Adkins was too young to consume alcohol and instead gambled, eventually spending all of his money, as a result, Adkins spent the remainder of the night walking around feeling lost. Your New Aesthetic was originally a very mellow song, but was turned into an aggressive, dark rock song. This version was named Skeleton as the sections between the verses reminded us of horror film music. It featured different lyrics but Adkins thought he could improve upon them, the lyrics for Goodbye Sky Harbor were based on the John Irving novel, A Prayer for Owen Meany. On recording Table for Glasses, Adkins said the band learned if you arent doing a lot, Adkins noted the cello was a good example of that. Susie Katayama provided Adkins assistance in writing and arranging the string parts for some of the songs, the band recorded two different drum sets on Lucky Denver Mint, a first for the band. They had liked the effect, and as a result, used two sets on Ten and Goodbye Sky Harbor. The album was recorded in late 1998, to early 1999 at Sound City and Clear Lake Audio, both in North Hollywood, tracks were mixed at One on One in Los Angeles, Bernie Grundman Mastering, Hollywood. Clarity marks the start of Jim Adkins - as opposed to Tom Linton - providing lead vocals, with the exception of the song Blister and Your New Aesthetic, Tom from this point on only provided backing vocals on various tracks until 2010s Action Needs an Audience. Adkins revealed that despite the fact the album was complete, it had no release date
34.
Four Minute Mile
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In the sport of athletics, the four-minute mile means completing the mile run in less than four minutes. It was first achieved in 1954 by Roger Bannister in 3,59.4, the four-minute barrier has since been broken by many male athletes, and is now the standard of all male professional middle distance runners. In the last 50 years the record has been lowered by almost 17 seconds. Running a mile in four minutes translates to a speed of 15 miles per hour, breaking the four-minute barrier was first achieved on 6 May 1954 at Oxford Universitys Iffley Road Track, by Englishman Roger Bannister, with the help of fellow-runners as pacemakers. The races end is memorialised in a statue of the two placed in front of the Pacific National Exhibition entrance plaza, algerias Noureddine Morceli was the first under 3,45. Currently, the record is held by Moroccos Hicham El Guerrouj. In 1964, Americas Jim Ryun became the first high-school runner to break four minutes for the mile, running 3,59.0 as a junior and a then American record 3,55.3 as a senior in 1965. Tim Danielson and Marty Liquori also came in four minutes. Ten years later, in 2011, Lukas Verzbicas became the fifth high-schooler under four minutes, in 2015, Matthew Maton and Grant Fisher became the sixth and seventh high-schoolers to break four minutes, both running 3,59.38 about a month apart. Webb was the first high schooler to run sub-4 indoors, running 3,59.86 in early 2001. On 6 February 2016, Andrew Hunter significantly improved upon Webbs mark, Hunter achieved the 4 minute mile mark outdoors later in the season at the Prefontaine Classic. At that same meet Michael Slagowski joined the list of high school athletes under 4 minutes, many elite athletes made the attempts to extend their careers beyond age 40 to challenge that mark. Over 18 years after Coghlan, that was achieved by UKs Anthony Whiteman. No woman has yet run a four-minute mile, as of 2015, the womens world record is held by retired Russian Svetlana Masterkova, with a time of 4,12.56 in 1996. In 1997, Daniel Komen of Kenya ran two miles in less than eight minutes, doubling up on Bannisters accomplishment and he did it again in February 1998, falling just.3 behind his previous performance, still the only individual to accomplish the feat. Some sources contend the first successful four-minute mile was run in London by James Parrott on 9 May 1770, parrotts route began on Goswell Road, before turning down Old Street, finishing at St Leonards, Shoreditch. Neal Bascomb notes in The Perfect Mile that even nineteenth-century historians cast an eye on the account. In other words, the reports that he ran a mile in three minutes, fifty eight seconds
35.
Vagrant Records
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Vagrant Records is an American record label based in California. It was founded in 1995 by Rich Egan, and is run by President Jon Cohen. The label focuses on rock but features artists in a variety of genres including folk, soul, electronic. Originally, Vagrant Records was mostly focused on emo bands such as Dashboard Confessional, Saves the Day, The Get Up Kids, in 2014, it was acquired by BMG Rights Management. The first band signed by Vagrant Records was Boxer and their album, the pop-punk album notably featured drummer Chris Pennie, who would go on to play with Dillinger Escape Plan and Coheed and Cambria. In 1999, Vagrant Records signed Kansas City, Missouri, band, The Get Up Kids, Egan and Cohen borrowed US$50,000 from Cohens parents to fund the recording of the Get Up Kids album, derived from the mortgaging of the family house. The album was successful, and single-handedly made Vagrant Records one of the top independent labels in the country. Dashboard Confessionals video for Screaming Infidelities, directed by Maureen Egan and Matthew Barry, Rich Egan is cited as saying the MTV Video Music Award win changed everything for the label. The label then went on to release material from The Replacements frontman, Paul Westerberg, signifying an initial departure from its roots of nineties punk. They soon signed Eels and released their album Blinking Lights and Other Revelations, in 2005 the label acquired New York City indie label Startime International, with whom they co-released albums from The French Kicks and The Futureheads. During that time Vagrant signed The Hold Steady and The Lemonheads, in 2006 Vagrant formed a childrens label imprint, Poquito Records and released Vagrant artist The New Amsterdams side-project The Terrible Twos debut album If You Ever See an Owl. In 2007 Vagrant formed another imprint label, Density Records, which will release heavier material than has traditionally released on the label. On August 5,2009, Rammstein, the Berlin-based industrial metal sextet, well known for its controversial and fiery performances, signed a US marketing. List of record labels Vagrant Records
36.
Something to Write Home About
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Something to Write Home About is the second studio album by American rock band The Get Up Kids, released on September 21,1999. The album was produced by The Get Up Kids themselves, with co-producers Chad Blinman, Blinman also recorded and mixed the album, with Brahl assisting with additional engineering. The album was a success, peaking at #31 on Billboards Heatseekers 200 albums chart in North America. Something to Write Home About is the first Get Up Kids album to include James Dewees playing keyboards, Something to Write Home About brought the band an increasing fan base, as their sound became slightly more radio-oriented, with more melodic choruses and hooks. The album was included in Rock Sounds 101 Modern Classics list at number 97, at the time the band signed onto Vagrant Records, the label was still primarily a much smaller independent label. Before the album went into production, the labels co-owner John Cohen had to borrow money from his parents, at least one of the songs were inspired by the bands tumultuous split with Doghouse Records. The album was recorded over the course of two months in June and July 1999, with Chad Blinman at the Mad Hatter Recording Studios in Silverlake, two singles were released to promote this album. The first, Ten Minutes was released through the Sub Pop Singles Club on 7 Vinyl in February 1999, the second, Action & Action was released on March 24,2000 in Europe on Epitaph Records. The band toured for three years after the release of the album, up until they went into the studio on their next album On a Wire. This included supporting Green Day on their Warning tour, a 2000 tour with Koufax and The Anniversary sponsored by Napster, outloud tour with Ozma and Weezer. After the tour ended, the band was physically and mentally fatigued, speculation was fueled further when, in an interview with Mishmash Magazine, Dewees confirmed that he was working on the reunion of an old band from the 90s and early 2000s. The re-release was confirmed by a post on the music blog of The Kansas City Star that confirmed rumors that the band would be performing a reunion tour in 2009. The tour will be in honor of the anniversary of Something to Write Home About. The article also included quotes from Matt Pryor, who said that Vagrant Records will be re-releasing the album in a special 10th-anniversary edition, including a DVD, in January 2009, Doghouse Records re-issued the album on black and purple vinyl. NME listed the album as one of 20 Emo Albums That Have Resolutely Stood The Test Of Time, all tracks written by The Get Up Kids. UK Version Bonus Tracks General Specific
37.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
38.
Bleed American
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Bleed American is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band Jimmy Eat World. It was released on July 24,2001 by DreamWorks Records and it was the first recording launched after signing the band a few months prior. The album was re-released as Jimmy Eat World after the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, the album was recorded with producer Mark Trombino in Los Angeles. The musical style was direct and accessible than its predecessor, Clarity. Bleed American yielded four singles, Bleed American, The Middle, Sweetness, and A Praise Chorus, the most successful was The Middle, which reached the number-one spot on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. In March 2002, Bleed American was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, on April 29,2008, Geffen Records released a deluxe edition containing the original album and other bonus material. The deluxe edition included several B-sides, acoustic versions, live tracks, demos, the albums title and first track were restored to Bleed American. As of September 2016, the album has sold over 1.6 million copies, in February 1999, Jimmy Eat World released their third studio album, Clarity, through Capitol Records. The label started to shelve the album until a few key radio stations started playing the song Lucky Denver Mint, after Capitol Records decided not to release their next major-label album, the band left the label. At that time, Jimmy Eat World distributed their albums independently while on tour in Europe, drummer Zach Lind recalled that the label really didn’t believe in us. But in a way, that was sort of a good thing and we learned we had to do it ourselves, because no one else would do it for us. In August 2000, Jimmy Eat World released the compilation album Singles through the independent label Big Wheel Recreation, later that year, they returned to Europe on tour, where Clarity was enjoying some success, especially in Germany. After this tour, they launched a new split, this time with Jebediah, Recording sessions began shortly after the release of Singles in August 2000 and took place in Los Angeles, California. The sales from Singles and the proceeds from Jimmy Eat Worlds European tour helped fund the recording sessions. Bleed American was produced by Mark Trombino, Trombino had already produced two of the bands previous studio albums, Static Prevails and Clarity, and also produced Blink-182s breakthrough album, Dude Ranch. The money budgeted for the record was insufficient, Trombino offered to work for free during the recording sessions, confident he would be reimbursed by the albums predicted commercial success. Some of the songs included in Bleed American had already written and recorded during the Clarity sessions. The band collaborated with guest vocalists in several of the albums songs, davey von Bohlen contributed vocals in A Praise Chorus, and Rachel Haden lent her voice in Hear You Me, If You Dont, Dont, Cautioners and My Sundown
39.
The Middle (song)
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The Middle is a song by the American alternative rock band Jimmy Eat World. It was released in November 2001 as the single of their fourth album Bleed American. It was a top five Billboard Hot 100 hit in 2002, the song was a breakthrough hit for Jimmy Eat World. The Middle was written after Jimmy Eat World had been dropped from Capitol Records after their previous album Clarity had been released. Their second album Static Prevails had sold just 10,000 copies in 1996, singer/guitarist Jim Adkins explained to the Dallas Observer, We were just about invisible there and it wasnt going to get any better. The Middle reflects these times for the band with lyrics about Dont write yourself off yet when feeling left out or looked down on. The band decided to finance the recording of the album and decided to keep things simple on the new record rather than experiment, as they had done on previous records. On our new stuff, rather than challenging ourselves getting real experimental, we kind of went in the other direction, once completed, Jimmy Eat World took Bleed American to record companies and was signed to DreamWorks Records. Bleed American was released in the middle of 2001 with the track as the lead single. The song has been characterized under genres such as rock, pop punk. When The Middle was released, the success of the album, by early 2002, the song had reached the top of the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song then crossed over to Top 40 radio, resulting in it reaching a peak of #5 on the Billboard Hot 100, the song also charted in the UK, reaching a peak of #26 in 2002. The band toured extensively behind the album, touring with Weezer, Tenacious D, Green Day, Blink-182, the Middle was the most commercially successful single released from Bleed American. Pitchfork Media named the track #165 on its list of the top 500 tracks of the 2000s, club published an article entitled, How Jimmy Eat Worlds The Middle Became the Best Song for a Bad Time, with Jason Heller noting, The Middle wasnt a sellout. The songs video featuring young people in underwear received plenty of play on MTV, the music video features a fully clothed teenage boy who attends a pool party at which Jimmy Eat World is playing, only to find everyone, except the band, in their underwear. Much of the crowd is making out, but the boy is excluded, finally, out of frustration, he starts to strip to be like the others, only to bump into a teenage girl doing the same thing in the closet he is in. The kids keep their clothes on and leave the party, arms around each other, the track is featured in the music video game Rock Band 2, as well as Guitar Hero World Tour. Singer Taylor Swift lip-synched the song in an Apple Music commercial that debuted on April 18,2016
40.
RIAA certification
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In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other ancillary markets. Certification is not automatic, for an award to be made, the audit is conducted against net shipments after returns, which includes albums sold directly to retailers and one-stops, direct-to-consumer sales and other outlets. Presently, an American RIAA-certified Gold record is a single or album that has sold 500,000 units, the award was launched in 1958, originally, the requirement for a Gold single was one million units sold and a Gold album represented $1 million in sales. In 1975, the requirement of 500,000 units sold was added for Gold albums. Reflecting growth in sales, the Platinum award was added in 1976 for albums selling one million units. The Multi-Platinum award was introduced in 1984, signifying multiple Platinum levels of albums, in 1989, the sales thresholds for singles were reduced to 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum, reflecting a decrease in sales of singles. In 1992, RIAA began counting each disc in a set as one unit toward certification. Reflecting additional growth in sales, the Diamond award was instituted in 1999 for albums or singles selling ten million units. Because of these changes in criteria, the sales level associated with a particular award depends on when the award was made, Nielsen SoundScan figures are not used in RIAA certification, the RIAA system predates Nielsen SoundScan and includes sales outlets Nielsen misses. Prior to Nielsen SoundScan, RIAA certification was the only audited and this system has allowed, at times, for record labels to promote an album as Gold or Platinum simply based on large shipments. For instance, in 1978 the Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band soundtrack shipped platinum but was a sales bust, with two million returns. Similarly, all four albums by the members of Kiss simultaneously shipped Platinum that same year. A similar discrepancy between shipments and sales was reported with The Lion King soundtrack, multi-disc albums are counted once for each disc within the album if it is over 100 minutes in length or is from the vinyl era. Pink Floyds The Wall and The Beatles White Album, both vinyl-era, are also counted double even though their running times are under the minimum requirement. Since 2000, the RIAA also awards Los Premios de Oro y De Platino to Latin albums which are defined by the RIAA as a type of product that features at least 51% of content in Spanish, the thresholds were 100,000 units and 200,000 units. All Spanish-language albums certified prior to 2008 were updated to match the current certification at the time, la Bomba by Bolivian group Azul Azul is the only single to receive a Latin certification based on shipments before the creation of the Latin digital singles awards in 2013. The Disco de Diamante award was introduced after the RIAA updated the thresholds for Latin certifications in December 20,2013, the Disco de Diamante is awarded to Latin albums that have been certified 10× Platinum. The thresholds were previously 1,000,000 units and 2,000,000 units, when the RIAA changed the certification standards to match retail distribution in August 2006, all Platinum and Multi-Platinum awards for a digital release were withdrawn
41.
Allmusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
