Saltaire
Saltaire is a Victorian model village located in Shipley, part of the City of Bradford Metropolitan District, in West Yorkshire, England. The Victorian era Salt's Mill and associated residential district located by the River Aire and Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. Saltaire was built in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt, a leading industrialist in the Yorkshire woollen industry; the name of the village is the name of the river. Salt moved his business from Bradford to this site near Shipley to arrange his workers and to site his large textile mill by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the railway. Salt employed the local architects Richard Mawson. Similar, but smaller, projects had been started around the same time by Edward Akroyd at Copley and by Henry Ripley at Ripley Ville; the cotton mill village of New Lanark, a World Heritage site, was founded by David Dale in 1786. Salt built neat stone houses for his workers, wash-houses with tap water, bath-houses, a hospital and an institute for recreation and education, with a library, a reading room, a concert hall, billiard room, science laboratory and a gymnasium.
The village had a school for the children of the workers, allotments, a park and a boathouse. Recreational initiatives were encouraged such as the establishment of a drum and fife band for school age boys and a brass band, precursor of today's Hammonds Saltaire Band, for men of the village. With the combination of quality housing, recreation, educational facilities and social services the model town represented a landmark example of enlightened 19th century urban planning. In October 1872, along with Dean Clough Mill in Halifax, were featured highlights of the Japanese Government's Iwakura Mission tour of modern industrial Britain. Sir Titus was interred in the mausoleum adjacent to the Congregational church; when Sir Titus Salt's son, Titus Salt Junior, Saltaire was taken over by a partnership which included Sir James Roberts from Haworth. Sir James Roberts had worked in wool mills since the age of eleven, he had significant business interests in Russia, spoke Russian fluently. Roberts came to own Saltaire, but chose to invest his money in Russia, losing some of his fortune in the Russian Revolution.
He endowed a chair of Russian at Leeds University and bought the Brontë's Haworth Parsonage for the nation. He is mentioned in T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Roberts is buried at East Sussex, his legacy can still be seen in Saltaire in the park to the north of the river, which he named Roberts Park after his son when he gave it to Bradford Council in 1920. In December 2001, Saltaire was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO; this means. The buildings belonging to the model village are individually listed, with the highest level of protection given to the Congregational church, listed grade I; the village has survived remarkably complete, but further protection is needed as the village is blighted by traffic through the Aire Valley, an important east-west route. A bypass is proposed to relieve traffic pressure. Roberts Park, on the north side of the river, suffered from neglect and vandalism but has been restored by Bradford Council. Saltaire is a conservation area. Victoria Hall is used for meetings and concerts, houses a Wurlitzer theatre pipe organ.
The village is served by Saltaire railway station. The Saltaire Festival, which first took place in 2003 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Saltaire, is held every year over eleven days in September. Saltaire Arts Trail is a visual arts festival that takes place each May, where residents open the doors of their homes to become temporary art galleries. Politically, Saltaire is part of the Shipley electoral ward of the City of Bradford, part of the parliamentary constituency of Shipley represented by Philip Davies of the Conservatives. From 1999 to 2005, parliamentarians from three chambers, Chris Leslie MP in the House of Commons, Lord Wallace of Saltaire in the House of Lords and Richard Corbett MEP in the European Parliament, all lived in Saltaire. In July 2014 it was announced that planning officers had compiled a list of front doors that were deemed to be "not in keeping with the buildings' historic status." Saltaire is surrounded by a buffer zone established to protect the context of the World Heritage Site.
Concerns have been raised over plans announced by Bradford Council and Action Airedale to site a bypass through the buffer zone to either side of the World Heritage Site and to tunnel beneath the village. Within sight of the mill, the tunnel would follow the line of the railway and exit behind the United Reformed Church; as it would pass alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, it could impact on this Conservation Area. The route would impact on an ancient semi-natural woodland and the Woodland Garden of Remembrance at Nab Wood Cemetery. Salts Mill closed as a textile mill in February 1986, Jonathan Silver bought it the following year and began renovating it. Today it houses a mixture of business, commerce and residential use. In the main mill building are: The 1853 art gallery: several large rooms given over to the works of the Bradford-born artist David Hockney: including paintings, drawings and stage sets. Industrial companies including the electronics manufacturer ARRIS International plc.
Various shops. In 2006 there are shops selling books, art supplies, jewellery, ou
Cartwright Hall
Cartwright Hall is the civic art gallery in Bradford, West Yorkshire, situated about a mile from the city centre in the Manningham district. It was built on the former site of Manningham Hall using a gift of £40,000 donated by Samuel Lister and it is named after Edmund Cartwright; the gallery which opened in 1904 had a display of artworks loaned from other galleries and private collections until it was able to purchase a permanent collection of Victorian and Edwardian works using money raised by the 1904 Bradford Exhibition. Cartwright Hall enjoys scenic views of the city. Cartwright Hall has been held to represent "Bradford Baroque", a style of architecture typical of Bradford, it is however designed by the same architects as Glasgow's Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in the Baroque style. The purpose-built gallery is home to a collection of permanent works, from Old Masters to 20th-century British paintings and sculpture. Cartwright Hall has a biennial open exhibition and contemporary and historical exhibitions by local and international artists.
Since the mid 1980s the Bradford museum group has collected works that are associated with the cultural background of many post-war migrants to the Bradford area. Acquisitions include contemporary South Asian Art - Islamic calligraphy, phulkari style illustrated textiles and items of contemporary Sikh art, including a portrait of Guru Nanak. In 1983 Cartwright Hall was used as part of the musical number'every sperm is sacred' in the Monty Python film, The Meaning of Life. In 2003 an Unreal Tournament map was created featuring the inside of the hall as part of a contest for PC Format Magazine. Tristram and Isoude stained-glass panels, by Morris, Faulkner & Co. 1862. Acquired via Cartwright Hall in 1917, they are now permanently on display at Cliffe Castle Museum, Keighley Cartwright Hall on Bradford Museums and Galleries website
Manor House Museum
Manor House Museum, England, was a local heritage museum, art gallery and education centre, established in 1892 to preserve local archaeological artefacts after the spa town expanded and much Roman material was lost. It was re-opened in the present building in 1961 and closed in 2015. A group of individuals who were passionate about keeping the building open for the public formed the Ilkley Manor House Trust and in April 2018 Bradford Council transferred the Manor House and 3 adjacent cottages to the Trust; the following are key events in the history of the museum: 1892: The museum was established in 1982 by the Museum Committee under the auspices of the Ilkley Ratepayers' Association. This had become urgent when the expansion of the spa town of Ilkley caused disturbance of Roman and other remains under the town, it was said that Roman material was being carried away by the cartload, local antiquarians had been attempting to rescue and preserve some of these artefacts - but they had nowhere to display them.
The present manor house building, known as the "Old Castle" was the committee's first choice, but was too expensive, so they bought the Old Wesleyan Chapel. The opening ceremony was on Thursday 25 August 1892; the Rev. Dr Collyer, who gave the opening speech, asked his audience to guard both the rescued artefacts and the archaeological remains that were still buried under Ilkley; the first curator was Herbert Oxley, paid £1 per week. On 14 September it was renamed the Ilkley Antiquarian Society. 1896: Ilkley Urban District Council took over the museum. Oxley the curator died. 1908: The museum was moved to the upper floor of the new Public Library, opened in 1907. William Graham took over as curator. 1922: Donations had expanded the collection, but the museum could not afford to move to larger premises. An unmanageably large collection of non-local objects interfered with classification and display of its local core items: the Roman artefacts. Therefore, the collection had to be reduced. Many non-local items were loaned to Cliffe Castle Museum, Keighley.
1939–1948: The museum exhibits were packed away to make room for wartime administration. The curator William Graham was not replaced. Items in storage went missing. 1949: The museum was re-established, with Grace Simpson restoring order, Elsie Fletcher becoming Honorary Curator. It was reopened on 4 June 1949 as Ilkley Museum. 1954: Elsie Fletcher started the Olicana Museum Society, which became the Olicana Historical Society. This society is in effect an extension of the original protective measures of the museum, in that it takes a keen interest in local archaeological and historical heritage, organizes lectures and excursions. 1955–1961: The Old Castle — Manor House Museum's current building - became available to the Museum but was in a sorry state and required cash and conversion. Costs were quoted at £7,000-£10,000, but there were contributions from Ilkley Urban District Council and Percy Dalton, a grant from the Ministry of Works; the present Manor House Museum and Art Gallery was opened on 8 July 1961.
1962–2015: From 1963 both upper rooms were art galleries. The caretakers lived upstairs at first. From 1966 to 1977 Arthur Kitching was organiser of exhibitions; the restored Old Castle building itself became the main exhibit of the Museum, from 1963 it has been supported by the Friends of the Manor House society. Since the Arts and Museums Division of the Bradford Metropolitan District was formed in 1974, the Manor House Museum has been able to get some of its lost exhibits back, benefited from communal museum resources; the following are some key early exhibits at the museum: 1893: The earliest exhibits were local geological and botanical specimens, drawings of local stones with Neolithic or early Bronze Age cup and ring engravings, local Roman relics including a triple vase, relics of the local character James Fletcher the fiddler, known as Blind Jim. The Museum had his portrait and 18th century chair. 1925: On 21 August, the Ilkley Gazette received a letter of complaint that the collection was just a curiosity shop, this led to the reduction of the collection in favour of its local heritage items.
However the letter did include a description of the exhibits of the time. There was the Ellison collection of classified geological specimens. There were a stuffed albatross and Japanese armour. There were valuable coins, a Queen Victoria mug, the Anglo-Saxon cross shaft carvings, unlabelled; the "famous Roman triple vase found near the Assembly Hall in Weston Road" was still there with a serpent, boomerangs and a sawfish. The existence of superfluous paintings was bemoaned, with special attention being paid to the portraits of the Rombalds Moor hermit, of James Fletcher the local 18th century blind fiddler - this latter was in the Museum's foundation collection, held some sentimental value for Ilkley residents, it might be worth noting that Mr Woodward, the classifier of the Roman artefacts, was absent in Greece when this article was written - so there may have been some political element involved in the publication of this piece. The primary complaint is that items were intermixed and were not all labelled or classified, the secondary complaint is that there was insufficient space to separate and classify them all properly.
It appears well-intentioned, but there are intimations of an administrative power-struggle in the background. 1928: Some exhibits were returned to their owners, Keighley Museum was give
Shibden
Shibden is a village in the county of West Yorkshire, England in the large ancient parish of Halifax, part of the County Borough of Halifax until 1974. The name of the Shibden valley comes from scepe dene meaning "sheep valley"; the area was involved in wool production. Scout Hall, built in 1681, Shibden Hall built in the 15th century, are the main attractions, as well as the West Yorkshire Folk Museum. Emery, Anthony Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: Southern England V3 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-58132-5 Media related to Shibden at Wikimedia Commons
Charitable organization
A charitable organization or charity is a non-profit organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being. The legal definition of a charitable organization varies between countries and in some instances regions of the country; the regulation, the tax treatment, the way in which charity law affects charitable organizations vary. Charitable organizations may not use any of its funds to profit individual entities. Financial figures are indicators to assess the financial sustainability of a charity to charity evaluators; this information can impact a charity's reputation with donors and societies, thus the charity's financial gains. Charitable organizations depend on donations from businesses; such donations to charitable organizations represent a major form of corporate philanthropy. The Organizational Test: If the organization doesn't follow the exemption organizational test, it will be under mentoring, in order to meet the organizational test it has to be organized and operated.
Serving the public interest: In order to receive and pass the exemption test, charitable organization must follow the public interest and all exempt income should be for the public interest. Until the mid-18th century, charity was distributed through religious structures and bequests from the rich. Both Christianity and Islam incorporated significant charitable elements from their beginnings and dāna has a long tradition in Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism. Charities provided education, health and prisons. Almshouses were established throughout Europe in the Early Middle Ages to provide a place of residence for poor and distressed people. In the Enlightenment era charitable and philanthropic activity among voluntary associations and rich benefactors became a widespread cultural practice. Societies, gentleman's clubs, mutual associations began to flourish in England, the upper-classes adopted a philanthropic attitude toward the disadvantaged. In England this new social activism was channeled into the establishment of charitable organizations.
This emerging upper-class fashion for benevolence resulted in the incorporation of the first charitable organizations. Captain Thomas Coram, appalled by the number of abandoned children living on the streets of London, set up the Foundling Hospital in 1741 to look after these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury. This, the first such charity in the world, served as the precedent for incorporated associational charities in general. Jonas Hanway, another notable philanthropist of the Enlightenment era, established The Marine Society in 1756 as the first seafarer's charity, in a bid to aid the recruitment of men to the navy. By 1763 the Society had recruited over 10,000 men. Hanway was instrumental in establishing the Magdalen Hospital to rehabilitate prostitutes; these organizations were run as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness of their activities through the emerging popular press and were held in high social regard - some charities received state recognition in the form of the royal charter.
Charities began to adopt campaigning roles, where they would champion a cause and lobby the government for legislative change. This included organized campaigns against the ill treatment of animals and children and the campaign that succeeded at the turn of the 19th century in ending the slave trade throughout the British Empire and within its considerable sphere of influence; the Enlightenment saw growing philosophical debate between those who championed state intervention and those who believed that private charities should provide welfare. The Reverend Thomas Malthus, the political economist, criticized poor relief for paupers on economic and moral grounds and proposed leaving charity to the private sector, his views became influential and informed the Victorian laissez-faire attitude toward state intervention for the poor. During the 19th century a profusion of charitable organizations emerged to alleviate the awful conditions of the working class in the slums; the Labourer's Friend Society, chaired by Lord Shaftesbury in the United Kingdom in 1830, aimed to improve working-class conditions.
It promoted, for example, the allotment of land to labourers for "cottage husbandry" that became the allotment movement. In 1844 it became the first Model Dwellings Company - one of a group of organizations that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, at the same time receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment; this was one of the first housing associations, a philanthropic endeavour that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century brought about by the growth of the middle class. Associations included the Peabody Trust and the Guinness Trust; the principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five per cent philanthropy". There was strong growth in municipal charities; the Brougham Commission led on to the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, which reorganized
Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. 12 miles north of Bradford and 17 miles northwest of Leeds, the town lies on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales. Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry; the town centre is characterised by wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht'at"; the song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect, its title translated as "On Ilkley Moor without a hat." The earliest evidence of habitation in the Ilkley area is from flint arrowheads or microliths, dating to the Mesolithic period, from about 11,000 BC onwards. The area around Ilkley has been continuously settled since at least the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC.
A druidical stone circle, the Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, was constructed 2,000 years ago. Serious interest in the rock art of Ilkley began after the publication in 1879 of the "Prehistoric Rock Sculptures of Ilkley" by Romilly Allen in the Journal of the British Archaeological Association; the remains of a Roman fort occupy a site near the town centre. Some authorities believe it is Olicana, dating to 79 AD. A number of Roman altars have been discovered from the reigns of Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla. Three Anglo-Saxon crosses from the 8th century that stood in the churchyard of All Saints' Church have been moved inside to prevent erosion; the church site, as a centre for Christian worship, extends to 627 AD, the present Victorian-era church incorporates medieval elements. The Domesday Book, of 1086, records Ilkley as being in the possession of William de Percy 1st Baron Percy; the land was acquired by the Middelton family of Myddelton Lodge, from about a century after the time of William the Conqueror.
The family lost possession through a series of land sales and mortgage repossessions over a period of about a hundred years from the early 19th century. The agents of William Middelton were responsible for the design of the new town of Ilkley to replace the village which had stood there before. In the 17th and 18th centuries the town gained a reputation for the efficacy of its water. In the 19th century it became established as a fashionable spa town, with the construction of Ben Rhydding Hydro, a hydropathic establishment at Wheatley, a mile to the east, between 1843 and 1844. Charles Darwin underwent hydropathic treatment at Wells House when his book On the Origin of Species was published on 24 November 1859, whilst staying with his family at North View House. Tourists flocked to bathe in the cold-water spring. Wheatley was renamed Ben Rhydding after the Hydro, demolished. Development based on the Hydro movement, on the establishment of convalescent homes and hospitals, was accelerated in August 1865 by the construction of the Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway, which linked to the Leeds and Bradford Railway and the North Eastern Railway.
The Midland Railway built a connection to Skipton via Bolton Abbey in May 1888. Other Victorian visitors to the town included Madame Tussaud; the only remaining hydro building is the white cottage known as White Wells House. The cottage can be visited on the edge of the moor overlooking the town; the town has a parish council and although it is a town and has a town hall, the parish council has not exercised its right to be called a town council. The parish consists of four wards and elects 14 councillors: Ilkley North, Ilkley South, Ilkley West and Ben Rhydding; the parish council precept is collected with the annual Council Tax to fund its running and to aid the development of local projects. Ilkley is in the Keighley UK Parliament constituency whose seat is held by John Grogan, Labour MP, he replaced Conservative MP, in the 2017 election. Kris Hopkins was elected in the 2010 general election. Ann Cryer was elected in the General Election of 1997, her late husband Bob Cryer held the seat between 1974 and 1983.
Ilkley is in the Humber European constituency. Before 1974 Ilkley was a type of local government district. Ilkley Urban District Council shared local government responsibilities with the West Riding County Council; the Local Government Act 1972 dissolved urban districts and in 1974 Ilkley adopted its current status as a ward of the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford. Services provided by the urban district council are now run centrally by the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council; until 2006 Ilkley civil parish consisted of Ilkley ward, which includes Ben Rhydding, the north half of Rombalds ward. The latter ward housed the villages of Menston; the population of the parish in 2001 was therefore higher than it is today, consisting of 24,954 residents. In 2006 Burley-in-Wharfedale and Menston established their own parishes and today Ilkley consists only of Ilkley ward. CouncillorsThe parish is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford and is represented by two Conservative councillors, Mike Gibbon
Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It takes its name from the River Calder. Several small valleys contain tributaries of the River Calder; the population at the 2011 Census was 203,826. Calderdale covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales, though it is not part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park; the borough was formed by the merger of six former local government districts, from east to west, the towns of Brighouse, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden. Mytholmroyd is now part of Hebden Bridge, forming Hebden Royd. Halifax is the main commercial and administrative centre of the borough, with numerous high street chain stores, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations. Calderdale is served by Calderdale Council, Calderdale's admin headquarters is in Halifax, with some council organisations based in Hebden Bridge.
The Roman settlement of Cambodunum was located within Calderdale. A Roman fort has been excavated in Slack but its identity is not yet certain; the borough was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the county borough of Halifax, the boroughs of Brighouse and the urban districts of Elland, Hebden Royd, Sowerby Bridge, part of Queensbury and Shelf urban district and Hepton Rural District. As well as the six towns, there are numerous villages and suburbs including: Bailiff Bridge, Bank Top, Blackley, Blackshaw Head, Beechwood, now a part of Leeds, Bradshaw Chiserley, Colden, Cornholme, Cragg Vale Eastwood Fountain Head, Friendly Gauxholme, Greetland Heptonstall, Hipperholme, Holywell Green, Hove Edge, Hubberton Illingworth Jagger Green Kebroyd, King Cross Lee Mount, Luddenden, Lumbutts, Lydgate Mankinholes, Mill Bank, Mount Tabor, Mytholmroyd Norland Town, Norton Tower, Norwood Green Ogden, Old Town, Ovenden Peckett Well, Portsmouth, Pye Nest Rastrick, Rishworth Salterhebble, Savile Park, Skircoat Green, Slack, Southowram, Stainland, Stone Chair, Stump Cross Triangle, Todmorden Upper Edge Wainstalls, Warland, Warley Town, West Vale, Wholestone Hill, Wheatley Two selective schools in Calderdale jointly administer an 11+ admissions exam: The Crossley Heath School, in Savile Park and North Halifax Grammar School in Illingworth.
Both schools achieve excellent GCSE and A-level results, achieving a large proportion of A* to C grades at GCSE level. In 2005 the Crossley Heath School was the highest ranking co-educational school in the north of England. Calderdale College is a local further education college on Francis Street, in Halifax. In December 2006 it was announced that Calderdale College, in partnership with Leeds Metropolitan University, would open a new higher education institution in January 2007 called University Centre Calderdale; the borough is divided into 17 wards and each is represented on the borough council by three councillors. Each councillor is elected on a first past the post basis for a four-year period, staggered with the other councillors of that ward so that only one councillor per ward is up for election at any one time. Exceptions to this include by-elections and ward boundary changes; the wards are:- Brighouse. Mayors of Calderdale Calderdale is part of the Calderdale Primary Care Trust, South West Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust and Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust.
The borough has one hospice. The main hospital is the Calderdale Royal Hospital, located on the main route to Huddersfield in Salterhebble, it has specialist departments: the Calderdale Birth Centre. The hospital was opened in 2001 on the site of the original Halifax General Hospital. After the new hospital opened, the Royal Halifax Infirmary closed and all services were transferred, as were services from Northowram Hospital. NHS Ambulance services are provided by the Yorkshire Ambulance Service. Overgate Hospice provides specialist palliative care for adults in Calderdale. Elland Hospital, Calderdale's only private hospital, is located by the Calderdale Way. BUPA Elland Independent Hospital, it is now owned and operated by Classic Hospitals. Calderdale is served by West Yorkshire Police. Other police stations are located in Todmorden and at Brighouse, which has reopened. West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue covers Calderdale and it has six fire stations in the borough; these are located at Brighouse, King Cross, Mytholmroyd and Todmorden.
Calderdale Libraries provides services through 22 local library branches, including a central library in Halifax, offer a home library service and digital library service. In 2014, construction began on a new central library and archive building in Halifax, adjacent to the Piece Hall and the Square Chapel; the new Central Library and Archive opened in September 2017. Calderdale Council website Calderdale College website From Weaver to Web, online visual archive of Calderdale history Listed buildings in Calderdale Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion
