1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Fishbone
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Fishbone is an American rock band formed in 1979 in Los Angeles, California, which plays a fusion of ska, punk rock, funk, hard rock and soul. Critics have noted of the band, Fishbone was one of the most distinctive, founding members John Norwood Fisher, Angelo Moore, and Walter Kibby remain with the band as of 2016, most recently, Philip Fish Fisher and John Bigham rejoined the band. Fishbone got started in 1979 as a disparate, all-black oddball crew when the members were in high school. Their first club date was at Madame Wongs, the venue in Los Angeless Chinatown that had been a showcase for a variety of seminal punk bands in the 1980s. They were close friends with Los Angeles bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fishbone were signed to Columbia Records in 1983 after being spotted at a club gig by Brian ONeal of the The BusBoys. Their first release was the 1985 single Party at Ground Zero, followed by a self-titled EP, in 1987, in support of their first full-length album, In Your Face, the band performed Jamaica Ska in the Annette Funicello/Frankie Avalon reunion movie Back to the Beach. Fishbones first major tour was as the opening act for the Beastie Boys. Fishbone was mostly considered to be a ska and funk band in their early years, the 1988 album Truth and Soul brought Fishbone wide critical acclaim. The album was highlighted by a hard rock-inspired version of Curtis Mayfields classic Freddies Dead from the film Super Fly, the music video, directed by Douglas Gayeton, became the bands first hit on MTV. That same year, the group toured with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, also that year, Fishbone and Little Richard recorded the Lead Belly song Rock Island Line for the tribute album Folkways, A Vision Shared. The band added former Miles Davis sideman John Bigham on guitar, the 1991 album The Reality of My Surroundings was a critical and commercial success, reaching #49 on the Billboard albums chart. One month before the release, the group played a performance on Saturday Night Live of Sunless Saturday. The song Everyday Sunshine also became a modest hit on radio and MTV. While the band retained their roots in funk and ska, the 1993 album Give a Monkey a Brain and Hell Swear Hes the Center of the Universe included songs with rock, punk. At the time of the release, the band began to tear apart internally. Just before Fishbone joined the 1993 Lollapalooza tour, guitarist Kendall Jones, reportedly suffering from instability, quit the band. Bassist John Norwood Fisher tracked Jones down in the belief that he needed rescue from the group, only to be charged with attempted kidnapping. A benefit concert to help with Fishers legal expenses featured Porno for Pyros, Primus, Tool, keyboardist Christopher Dowd left Fishbone in 1994 and released an album titled Puzzle in 1997 under the name The Seedy Arkhestra, with various guests including Jeff Buckley and NDea Davenport
3.
The Reality of My Surroundings
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The Reality of My Surroundings is the third full-length album by Fishbone, released on April 23,1991. It was the first Fishbone album to include former Miles Davis music director John Bigham, Fishbone took the rest of 1989 off before beginning to write songs for the follow-up to Truth and Soul. The project was plagued by production delays until November 1990, when the band entered Ocean Way Recording, booking two months of time in which to record the album. Fishbone, David Kahne and Dave Jerden produced the album, which includes the singles, Fight the Youth, Everyday Sunshine and Sunless Saturday. The albums title comes from a line in track 3, So Many Millions, which reads I cannot get over legitimately, the Reality of My Surroundings do not point to the sky. The CD cover shows only John Norwood Fisher, with a picture of the band sitting in a living room being visible when the CD cover is unfolded. The vinyl version shows the full bands living-room portrait, spanning both sides of the gatefold cover. With this album, Fishbone obtained critical and commercial success with a ranking of No.49 on the Billboard 200 on May 18,1991, the album is widely considered by fans and critics as the creative peak of the band. Angelo Moore – saxophone, vocals Walter A
4.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
5.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
6.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
7.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
8.
Funk rock
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Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock. Funk rock is a fusion of funk and rock, many instruments may be incorporated into the music, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars. The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can be funk- or rock-influenced, usually with distortion. Jimi Hendrix was the first well-known recording artist to combine the rhythms, perhaps the earliest example is his song Little Miss Lover. His live album Band of Gypsys features funky riffs and rhythms throughout and his album also included a couple of funk rock songs such as Freedom, Izabella. George Clinton has been considered the godfather of this genre since 1970, Clinton created the name P-Funk for the innovative new concepts of funk that he culled from former members of James Browns band and new young players such as Eddie Hazel. His groups, Funkadelic and Parliament, practically defined funk since the release of the funk rock Funkadelic classic Maggot Brain. Later funk rock albums by the group include Cosmic Slop, Standing on the Verge of Getting It On, Hardcore Jollies and Lets Take It to the Stage. Later albums such as One Nation Under a Groove and Electric Spanking of War Babies had a bit more radio-friendly sound and this work served as the primary influence on an entire generation of funk and hip hop artists from the Red Hot Chili Peppers to Snoop Dogg. Other pioneers of funk rock evolved in the 1970s in the music of the British rock band Trapeze, Certain Racio and American artists Rick Derringer, Redbone, Shotgun, Mothers Finest and Black Nasty. Grand Funk Railroad pioneered the bass driven hard rock style in 1970 so well portrayed in their song Inside Looking Out. Also singer-model Betty Davis recorded important funk rock albums, the funk rock acts were not favoured by R&B recording companies. For example, guitarists of Chic wanted to be a funk rock band like Kiss. Despite its considerable influence on popular music, funk rock was not very visible phenomenon during the 1970s. Only a few rock acts could be seen on record charts. Also, when Glenn Hughes left Trapeze and joined Deep Purple along with David Coverdale, when Ritchie Blackmore left Deep Purple in 1975, the bands next album Come Taste the Band with Tommy Bolin was even more funky than its predecessor Stormbringer. However, Deep Purple broke up in 1976 and Tommy Bolin died from a drug overdose, One famous funk rock song of the period was Another One Bites the Dust by British rock icons Queen. This is often characterized by a driving bass-line which is played over a guitar track occasionally punctuated by metal-like riffs
9.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
10.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
11.
Angelo Moore
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Angelo Carmen Christopher Moore is an American musician, best known for his work as lead singer and saxophonist for the Los Angeles alternative rock band Fishbone. Moore also performs and records under the stage name Dr. Madd Vibe, Moore grew up in Southern Californias San Fernando Valley and attended Hale Junior High School in Woodland Hills, where he met the other members of Fishbones original lineup. Moores father played saxophone for Count Basie, and his parents exposed him to jazz, soul and he then attended El Camino Real High School in Woodland Hills. In addition to his duties with Fishbone, in 1993 Moore released a poetry anthology titled Dr. Madd Vibes Comprehensive Linkology. In 1997 he released his first solo CD, also titled Dr. Madd Vibes Comprehensive Linkology, in 2000 Moore released another CD/video set titled The Yin-Yang Thang, and in 2006 he released the CD Dr. Madd Vibes Medicine Cabinet. Moore also made an appearance as the bandleader in the movie Idlewild, featuring Outkast members Big Boi. On June 26,2012, Angelo Moore and the Rondo Brothers released the single Brand New Step under Ninth Street Opus record label. 1985 - Fishbone 1986 - In Your Face 1987 - Its a Wonderful Life 1988 - Truth,2016 - The Stage https, //ishancooper. bandcamp. com Dr. Madd Vibe IMDB, Angelo Moore
12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
1991 in music
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List of notable events in music that took place in the year 1991. The single has been rushed to market in response to the imminent Gulf War,16 January – The sixth annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony is held in New York. The event goes forward despite an atmosphere due to the Presidents announcement of the Gulf War the same evening. The inductees are Ike & Tina Turner, Jimmy Reed, John Lee Hooker, LaVern Baker, The Byrds, The Impressions, Wilson Pickett and Howlin Wolf. 18 January – Three people are crushed to death during an AC/DC concert in Salt Lake City, Utah, 18–27 January – The massive nine-day festival Rock in Rio II is held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The headliners are Prince, INXS, Guns N Roses, New Kids on the Block, George Michael and Happy Mondays. 19 January – Janet Jackson with seventh single from Janet Jacksons Rhythm Nation 1814, Love Will Never Do,27 January – Whitney Houston sings The Star-Spangled Banner at the Super Bowl. The recording is released and becomes a hit single. 31 January – DJ Magazine is founded,27 February – James Brown is granted an early parole and released from jail, following his arrest after a high-speed car chase through two states in 1989. Pop Will Eat Itself documented the affair with their song, Not Now James,28 February – Hollywoods Record Plant Studios recording studio closes down. Among the albums recorded at the Record Plant were The Eagles Hotel California, Fleetwood Macs Rumours,11 March – Janet Jackson signs a $30 million contract with Virgin Records, making her the highest paid female recording artist ever. 16 March – Seven members of country music singer Reba McEntires band and her road manager are killed when their plane crashes in California. McEntire travels on a separate plane,20 March Michael Jackson signs a contract with Sony for 1 billion dollars. Eric Claptons four-year-old son, Conor, dies after falling 49 stories from a New York City apartment window,24 March – The Black Crowes are dropped as the opening act of ZZ Tops tour for repeatedly insulting the tours sponsor, Miller Beer. 27 March – New Kids on the Block star Donnie Wahlberg is arrested in Louisville,28 March – George Harrison, Phil Collins and others attend funeral services for Eric Claptons late son, Conor. 28 April – Bonnie Raitt marries actor Michael OKeefe in New York,4 May – The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 is held in Rome, Italy and, after a highly controversial voting segment, Swedens Fångad av en stormvind by Carola is declared the winner. 7 May – In Macon, Georgia, a judge dismisses a wrongful lawsuit against Ozzy Osbourne. The suit was filed by a couple that believed their son was inspired to attempt suicide by Osbournes music
14.
Music video
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A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
15.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
16.
Rocky George
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After Suicidal Tendencies, George played with 40 Cycle Hum and Cro-Mags, and in 2003, he joined Fishbone. George was also a member of a punk rock band called Pap Smear. During his tenure with Suicidal Tendencies, George joined a punk side project called Pap Smear, formed by Slayer members Jeff Hanneman. Although Pap Smear has never released any records, two of their songs were re-recorded on Slayers 1996 covers album Undisputed Attitude, George joined Suicidal Tendencies in 1984, replacing Jon Nelson, who replaced the first albums guitarist Grant Estes. His debut with the band was Welcome to Venice on the song Look Up, written by Jon Nelson and Mike Muir. George is largely considered responsible for moving Suicidal Tendencies away from their punk roots into a more thrash oriented territory. He is also responsible for Robert Trujillo joining the band, who was a school friend of his. Since 2003, he has been playing guitar with Fishbone and appeared on their 2006 album Still Stuck in Your Throat, in 2008, after thirteen years, George played with his former bandmates during an Infectious Grooves set. Rocky has used Ibanez guitars almost exclusively for years and he is still endorsed by Ibanez. Despite rumors, however, Rocky did not design the RG series and he is also a long time user of Mesa Boogie amplifiers. Welcome to Venice Join the Army How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Cant Even Smile Today Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit. Deja Vu Lights. Camera. Revolution. The Art of Rebellion Still Cyco After All These Years Suicidal for Life Revenge Still Stuck in Your Throat Crazy Glue EP Fishbone-Official myspace Rocky George at the Internet Movie Database
17.
In Your Face (Fishbone album)
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In Your Face is the first full-length record by American rock band Fishbone, released on November 30,1986. The record is the second major label release for Columbia Records following their self-titled EP from the previous year. The cover art of the original vinyl LP was designed to give the illusion that no side of the record was the front, back. This was achieved by placing a barcode on both sides of the record and by printing the band and record name on all four sides of every edge of the record sleeve. Instead of a track listing the tracks were listed haphazardly between both sides with each song title printed in a different contradictory direction. Finally, each side showed three of the six band members also oriented at angles from each other. When someone handling the record saw where the record jacket opened they may have realized the two most likely correct orientations for the album cover. The band toured in support of the album with Murphys Law and headliners Beastie Boys on the Licensed to Ill tour in February and March 1987. A music video for the only single, When Problems Arise, was directed by Gary Weis and Tony Basil. CBS and Columbia Records placed a full page ad for the album on five of the October 25,1986 issue of Billboard. Fishbones previous EP had done better than expected and expectations at Columbia Records were raised for In Your Face which led to support by CBS. As a result, the album did not have significantly stronger than the Fishbone EP. Reviews at the time were generally mixed-to-positive, nelson George, writing for Billboard, reviewed the album favorably, calling it groove-conscious and containing lyrical and melodic depth. He further commented that the band had potential to be an act in the world of black music. For The Miami Herald, Tom Moon was also positive saying the album was perfect for a party, praising the mix of punk, ska and New Orleans influences, retrospective reviews were more mixed to average. Greg Prato for Allmusic said the album was an exploration of their sound although it was still an important moment in the career toward achieving the greater successes of later albums. Robert Christgau gave the album a B- and said. they look like 2-Tone fashion plates and sound like big-time new-wave satirists, the album also received three-out-of-five stars from The New Rolling Stone Album Guide published in 2004. Angelo Moore – saxophone, vocals Walter A
18.
Truth and Soul
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Truth and Soul is the second album by American funk-rock and alternative-rock band Fishbone. It was released on September 13,1988, as is typical of the bands history of music the album features a wide array of genres including punk, ska, reggae, soul, funk, and blues. Additionally, Truth and Soul includes the bands earliest foray into hard rock, the album begins with a cover version of Curtis Mayfields Freddies Dead, originally from the soundtrack to the film Super Fly. It was later acknowledged as a sign of how much faith Columbia Records had in Fishbone at the time to continue to support their records, meanwhile, Jones was beginning to experiment with heavy rock guitar work, which was influencing Fishbones new material. These elements together influenced the band to make a serious album with a consistently socially conscious theme. Domestically two tracks were released as singles in promotion of the album, the first, Freddies Dead, had a music video directed by Douglas Gayeton, and the second, Ma and Pa, had a video directed by Mike Lipscombe. Additional singles were released in Europe for the songs Change and One Day, additionally, a promotional EP titled Interchords was released with live versions of six songs from the record followed by excerpts from an interview at KUSF explaining each songs meaning. Contemporary reviews of Truth and Soul were generally mixed to positive, david Silverman for the Chicago Tribune gave the album a mixed review saying that the blend of musical styles hurts the album despite the bands talent. Netherlands music magazine OOR awarded the album as the twenty-second best rock album of the out of 154 entries. Additionally, the album was awarded four-out-of-five stars in 2004s The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, music critic Tom Moon called the album one of his 1000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die and Robert Dimery listed it as one of his 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Outside of Europe, the album contained twelve tracks, with I Like to Hide Behind My Glasses. These two tracks from the European version would later be released in the US on the EP Set the Booty Up Right
19.
Chim Chim's Badass Revenge
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Chim Chims Badass Revenge is the fifth full-length album and concept album from alternative rock band Fishbone. It was Fishbones first studio album in three years following the departure of founding members Kendall Jones and Chris Dowd and the band being dropped by Sony Records and it was also their last album with founding member Philip Fish Fisher, who would eventually leave the band two years later. The album was produced by Dallas Austin, who said he wanted to take Fishbone to the level as Rick Rubin had done with Red Hot Chili Peppers. In 1997, Austin would use Fishbone as the band for Amoeba Cleansing Syndrome. The Familyhood have often criticized the album for being poorly mixed both levelly and sonically. It has been heard that most of the lyrics for the album were in fact written by Walter Kibby. It was often introduced by Angelo Moore as a song I wrote about my uncle. Hes an alcoholic, and he makes me really mad, the album sold well in underground circles but only reached #158 on the Billboard Album Charts. It was the last Fishbone album for four years, as the band went through personnel changes. All songs written by Fishbone, except for Chim Chims Badass Revenge and Pre Nutt, Fishbone Angelo Moore - saxophone, theremin, vocals Walter A
20.
Fishbone (EP)
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Fishbone is the recording debut of alternative group Fishbone. This six-song EP was released in 1985 and captures the band at the height of their early funk/ska era, the track Party at Ground Zero remains one of the bands most popular tracks. Skankin To The Beat Angelo Moore - Saxophone and vocals Walter A
21.
Party at Ground Zero
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Party at Ground Zero is a song by the ska band Fishbone. A demo version titled Pink Vapor Stew can be found on the Fishbone 101 compilation, to this day it remains one of their most popular songs. Fishbone performed the song in the movie The Tripper, the music video for Party at Ground Zero was directed by Henry Selick, future director of The Nightmare Before Christmas. The video is an homage to The Masque of the Red Death, with Death bringing about an explosion when he removes his mask. Still frames from the video are featured on the cover of the songs 12-inch single, a Side Party At Ground Zero -7,02 Party At Ground Zero -4,50 B Side Skankin To The Beat -3,11 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
22.
Freddie's Dead
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Freddies Dead is a song by Curtis Mayfield. It was the first single from his 1972 soundtrack album for the film Super Fly, the single was released before the Super Fly album, and in fact before the film itself was in theaters. The song peaked at #4 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, Billboard ranked it as the No.82 song for 1972. The song laments the death of Fat Freddie, a character in the film who is run over by a car, like most of the music from the Super Fly album, Freddies Dead appears in the film only in an instrumental arrangement, without any lyrics. The songs music is featured prominently in the opening sequence. Because of this usage the song was subtitled Theme from Superfly on its single release and it is not to be confused with Superfly, a different song and the second single released from the Super Fly album. The arrangement is driven by a bass line, wah wah guitars. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Rhythm & Blues Song, Freddies Dead was ruled ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Original Song because its lyrics are not sung in the film Super Fly. Fishbone covered Freddies Dead on their 1988 album Truth and Soul, MFSB released an instrumental cover of Freddies Dead on their debut album in 1973. Master P recorded Kennys Dead, a parody of Mayfields song for the television show South Park, featuring the character Kenny McCormick, for Chef Aid, The South Park Album. Episode Tony Kills, an exchange between Tony and Angela, in which he informs her a character named Fred died, is reminiscent of the songs hook, Fred is dead
23.
Ma and Pa
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Ma and Pa is a song by American alternative rock band Fishbone. It was the single released from the album Truth and Soul. The song only managed to chart in the UK, but remains a fan favorite, the songs lyrics are narrated by singer Angelo Moore from the point of view of an older brother in the troubled family who witnesses his sisters difficult position in the parents fierce legal battle. The lyrics lament the girls feelings at being caught in the middle of the divorce, the chorus repeats the line Hey Ma and Pa/What the hell is wrong with yall. A music video for the song was directed by Mike Lipscombe with lighting designed by Neil Jerram of Failsafe Systems, the video features live footage of Fishbone performing in a small concert venue on South Parade Pier in Southsea, with the studio-produced song synced over the footage. There are also shots of Angelo Moore crowd surfing and an exuberant fan wrestling with stage hands who are trying to remove him from the stage proscenium. Mentions of the song in reviews of Truth and Soul were generally positive, pointing out the songs sincere lyrics and upbeat musical vibe. Tom Moon of the Miami Herald complimented the writing and lyrical arrangement saying how the five-piece band states a theme. He also called the songs dance-groove slippery, david Silverman of the Chicago Tribune said of the song that Kibby and Dowd provided a steady line of the lush hornwork. Jon Bream of the Star Tribune called it a song about divorce from a kids point of view. A Side Ma and Pa -3,22 B Side Bonin in the Boneyard -4,45
24.
In Your Eyes (Peter Gabriel song)
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In Your Eyes is a song by English rock musician Peter Gabriel from his 1986 album So. It features Youssou NDour singing some choruses translated into his native Wolof, the track was featured in the 1989 teen drama film Say Anything. Starring Ione Skye and John Cusack, in Your Eyes was not released as a single in the UK but it was released in the US as the third single from So, achieving strong radio airplay and regular MTV rotation. It reached No.1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks on September,131986 and it also peaked at No.26 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the November. Gabriel released two extended versions of the song as a 12 vinyl single in the US, in Australia, In Your Eyes peaked at No.97 in November 1986. It was included on the US version of his 2003 compilation Hit, in 2005, the song brought Gabriel his first Gold single, certified in the US by the RIAA. In 1988, NBC Sports used In Your Eyes in for the prologue of the AFC Championship Game between the Denver Broncos and Cleveland Browns, similarly, Fox Sports used In Your Eyes for the prologue for the 1998 NFC Championship Game between the Atlanta Falcons and Minnesota Vikings. The theatrical trailer for the 1993 film Benny & Joon features In Your Eyes, in the 2005 Cold Case episode entitled Family, the song appears towards the end as a 1988 murder case is resolved. The song is featured in the 2008 film The Rocker when A. D. D, plays their first gig at a high school prom. Sampled portions of the song can be heard in the 2010 Girl Talk album All Day, the song was also featured at the end of the series premiere to Felicity in 1998 on The WB. The song was used twice in the 1989 US Cameron Crowe film Say Anything, as well as in its trailer. Repopularized by its usage in the film, the song reentered the US charts but narrowly failed to crack the top 40 in its second run, reaching as high as No.41. Crowe says that Rosanna Arquette, who is believed to be the inspiration for the song, Gabriel asked to see Crowes film and Crowe asked the production company to send Gabriel a rough cut. Gabriel approved the use of his song, but told Crowe that he was uneasy about the overdose of the character at the end. The songs use in that iconic scene has been parodied in popular satirical shows, in the South Park episode Raisins, when Wendy breaks up with Stan, Bebe tells him to hold up a boombox playing Peter Gabriel outside Wendys window, to try to win her back. Instead of playing In Your Eyes, he plays Gabriels decidedly unromantic Shock the Monkey, joseph Gordon-Levitt did a parody during an appearance on Saturday Night Live when he hosted on 21 November 2009. On Season 4 Episode 15 of Glee, Will Schuester serenaded Emma with this song, holding a boombox posed on his arms, ive talked to John Cusack about that. Were sort of trapped together in a moment of contemporary culture
25.
Fix (song)
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Fix is a song performed by American contemporary R&B group Blackstreet, originally appearing as the fourth track on their second studio album Another Level. The song peaked at #58 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1997, the album version of the song contains a sample of The Message by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and the song was later sampled in Jambo 1997 by Tonex. The physical single contains an excerpt of Man Behind the Music by Queen Pen, the official music video for the song was directed by Paul Hunter. Fix at AllMusic Fix at Discogs Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
