1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Michelle Branch
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Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch is an American singer, songwriter and actress. During the early 2000s, she released two top-selling albums, The Spirit Room and Hotel Paper and she won a Grammy with Santana for The Game of Love. In 2005, she formed the music duo The Wreckers with friend and fellow musician Jessica Harp. The Wreckers disbanded in 2007 to pursue their solo careers. Since then, she released extended plays in 2010 and 2011, Branch was born on July 2,1983, in Sedona, Arizona, to David and Peggy Branch. Her father is Irish, and her mother is of Dutch-Indonesian and her siblings include an older half-brother named David and a younger sister named Nicole. Beginning to sing at the age of three, Branch enrolled in voice lessons at Northern Arizona University when she was eight, after teaching herself chords, she composed her first song Fallen within a week of receiving her guitar. She initially attended Sedona Red Rock High School, but finished the last two years of her school education through home schooling so that she could focus on her music career. To support Branchs interests, her parents helped her book local gigs in Sedona, Arizona and her set list at these gigs included covers of songs by Sheryl Crow, Lisa Loeb, Jewel, and Fleetwood Mac. In June 2000, Branch self-produced Broken Bracelet, a compilation of songs she wrote when she was 14 and 15 and its title was inspired from a bracelet made by pop singer Jewel, given to Branch by musician Steve Poltz at a Lisa Loeb concert she attended. Poltz told Branch that when it breaks, youll be famous, the Broken Bracelet recordings were destroyed in the Nashville floods in May 2010. In 2001, Branch signed a deal with Maverick Records. The album, The Spirit Room, was released in August 2001, the single was a commercial success, winning the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards Viewers Choice Award. Everywhere was later followed by singles All You Wanted and Goodbye to You, in August 2001, she appeared on Total Request Live after Everywhere reached No.4 on their charts. Due to the success of those released singles, The Spirit Room was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA for selling over two million copies in the United States. Michelle also sang in Hansons 2004 album, Underneath in the song, VH1 released Branchs Pop-Up Video for her song All You Wanted. Branch met Justincase before her debut on Maverick Records, becoming friends over the Internet before meeting in Las Vegas for a convention in 2000. Justincase was signed to Maverick Records in late 2001 with the help of Branch, a self-titled debut album on October 29,2002 which included several collaborations with Michelle Branch—including the lead single, Dont Cry for Us—who promoted the album on MTVs Total Request Live
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The Spirit Room
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The Spirit Room is the major-label debut album by singer-songwriter Michelle Branch, released by the Maverick Recording Company and Warner Bros. Records in the United States on August 14,2001. The album was recorded at Sunset Sound, Henson Recording Studios and Ananda Studios in Hollywood, California and mastered by Stephen Marcussen at Marcussen Mastering in Los Angeles, the albums title comes from the name of a bar in Jerome, Arizona, near Branchs hometown of Sedona. In August 19,2011, the album was certified platinum by RIAA for shipping over two million copies. The Spirit Room reached number 28 on the American Billboard 200 chart, the Spirit Room was certified gold in Canada, selling 50,000 copies by the end of October 2003. It was also certified Gold in Australia with shipments of 35,000, All tracks written by Michelle Branch, except where noted. You Get Me became the song for the MTV reality series Sorority Life. You Get Me is featured in the 2003 film What a Girl Wants You Set Me Free was featured in the trailer of the 2002 DreamWorks animated film Spirit and you Set Me Free can also be heard towards the closing credits of the 2003 film Just Married. You Set Me Free is featured in the 2005 film Ice Princess and is featured on the movies soundtrack
4.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
5.
Post-grunge
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Post-grunge is a style of rock music that began in the 1990s and is considered a subgenre of alternative rock and hard rock. Originally, post-grunge was an informal and even pejorative label used to describe bands that emulated the sound of Nirvana and Pearl Jam, such as Bush, Candlebox. In the late 1990s, post-grunge morphed into a clearly defined style that married the sound. Post-grunge rose to prominence in the 1990s and continued to remain popular in the 2000s, Post-grunge bands such as Foo Fighters, Puddle of Mudd, Staind, Nickelback, Creed and Matchbox Twenty all achieved mainstream success. During the 1990s, a post-grunge sound emerged which emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly its thick, distorted guitars, Post-grunge music tends to be in mid-tempo and is noted for having a polished, radio-ready production. Post-grunge tends to feature melodies and song structures that are common in pop music, sometimes post-grunge music features both an electric guitar and an acoustic guitar playing simultaneously. Post-grunge lyrics also tend to be about such as relationships, romance. According to Geffen, grunges frontmen posed with their addictions, post-grunges songwriters sought redemption for them, according to Geffen, artists such as Alanis Morissette, No Doubt and Sarah McLachlan all crystallized the songwriting strategy that would form the emotional core of the post-grunge moment. Post-grunge tends to have quality that is higher and cleaner than the quality in grunge. When grunge became a mainstream genre because of such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam. According to Tim Grierson of About, during the late 1990s, post-grunge morphed, becoming a derivative of grunge that combined characteristics of grunge with a more commercially accessible tone. During this time, post-grunge bands such as Creed and Nickelback emerged, Grierson wrote, Creed and Nickelback espoused a more conventional, almost conservative worldview built around the comforts of community and romantic relationships. Grierson also wrote, Post-grunge was a musical style, but bands like Nirvana. Post-grunge, by comparison, seemed to exist in order to court that very audience, in late 1992, Cobain was photographed in a T-shirt with Grunge is Dead printed on its front and the genres decline started to be widely discussed. The death of Cobain in 1994, as well as Pearl Jams touring problems, problems of addiction for Layne Staley of Alice in Chains led to the band cancelling scheduled dates in 1995. When grunge was mainstream, major labels began signing and promoting bands emulating the genre. In spite of the fact that such as Bush and Candlebox have been categorized as grunge. Collective Soul and Live are two other bands categorized as post-grunge that emerged along with Bush and Candlebox and its song Far Behind peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100
6.
Maverick (company)
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Maverick was an entertainment company founded in 1992 by Madonna, Frederick DeMann and Veronica Ronnie Dashev. It was owned and operated by Warner Music Group and it included a recording company, a film production company, book publishing, music publishing, Latin record division and a television production company. The first releases for the company were Madonnas 1992 coffee table publication, Sex, DeMann was bought out of the company for a reported $20 million in 1998. Guy Oseary increased his stake in the company and took control as Chairman, Madonna and Dashev left in 2004 after a lawsuit between Maverick and Warner Music Group. As of 2014, the company was revived as a management group founded by Oseary in partnership with Live Nation Entertainment. It consists of Oseary and other recording artist managers Ron Laffitte, Caron Veazey, Gee Roberson, Cortez Bryant, Larry Rudolph, Adam Leber, Scott Rodger, all nine managers and their companies joined and rebranded as Maverick on October 17,2014. Maverick Records was launched in April 1992 as a unit of the Maverick entertainment company and it was a joint venture between Madonna, Frederick DeMann, Veronica Ronnie Dashev and Time Warner. The name is combined from the names of three of the founders, Madonna, Veronica and Frederick, the company had divisions for recording, music publishing, television, film, merchandising and book-publishing. The venture was part of a $60 million recording and business deal between Madonna and Time Warner. It gave her 20% royalties from the proceedings, one of the highest rates in the industry. At the time of its launch, the company was bi-coastal, having offices in both New York City and Los Angeles. The record company division of Maverick also consisted of sub-label, Maverick Musica, the first releases for the company were Madonnas 1992 coffee table publication, Sex and her studio album Erotica which were released simultaneously to great controversy. DeMann was bought out of the company for a reported $20 million in 1998, after which Guy Oseary increased his stake in the company and took control as Chairman and CEO. Throughout the 1990s to the middle 2000s, Maverick would also release albums by Michelle Branch, Meshell Ndegeocello, dana Dane, N-Phase, Dalvin DeGrate, The Prodigy, Cleopatra, Tyler Hilton, Deftones, No Authority and William Orbit. By the early 2000s, Maverick saw its fortunes decline. In March 2004, the label and Madonna filed suit against Warner Music Group, claiming that mismanagement of resources, Warner filed a countersuit, alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own. Then Maverick CEO Guy Oseary, meanwhile, retained his position until WMG purchased his shares in 2006. Madonna was still signed to Warner under her recording contract, the same year, the band Lillix, which at the time was signed to the label, claimed that the Maverick no longer existed and that all the artists were now handled by Warner Bros. directly
7.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
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