1.
Breast
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The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of female primates. In females, it serves as the mammary gland, which produces and secretes milk, both females and males develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. At puberty, estrogens, in conjunction with growth hormone, cause breast development, the breasts of females are typically far more prominent than those of males. Subcutaneous fat covers and envelops a network of ducts that converge on the nipple, at the ends of the ducts are lobules, or clusters of alveoli, where milk is produced and stored in response to hormonal signals. Upon childbirth, the alveoli are stimulated to produce and secrete milk for infants, along with their function in feeding infants, female breasts have social and sexual characteristics. Breasts have been featured in ancient and modern sculpture, art. Female breasts can figure prominently in a perception of her body image. A number of Western cultures associate breasts with sexuality and tend to regard bare breasts in public as immodest or indecent, Breasts and especially the nipples are an erogenous zone on women. The English word breast derives from the Old English word brēost from Proto-Germanic breustam, the breast spelling conforms to the Scottish and North English dialectal pronunciations. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary states that Middle English brest, from Old English brēost, Old Irish brú, Russian bryukho, the first known usage of the term was before the 12th century. A large number of terms for breasts are used in English. Some vulgar slang expressions may be considered to be derogatory or sexist to women, at the front of the chest, the breast tissue can extend from the clavicle to the middle of the sternum. At the sides of the chest, the breast tissue can extend into the axilla, as a mammary gland, the breast is composed of differing layers of tissue, predominantly two types, adipose tissue, and glandular tissue, which affects the lactation functions of the breasts. Morphologically the breast is a cone, with the base at the chest wall and the apex at the nipple, the superficial tissue layer is separated from the skin by 0. 5–2.5 cm of subcutaneous fat. The suspensory Coopers ligaments are fibrous-tissue prolongations that radiate from the superficial fascia to the skin envelope, the female adult breast contains 14–18 irregular lactiferous lobes that converge at the nipple. Milk exits the breast through the nipple, which is surrounded by an area of skin called the areola. The size of the areola can vary widely among women, the areola contains modified sweat glands known as Montgomerys glands. These glands secrete oily fluid that lubricate and protect the nipple during breastfeeding, volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for the newborns appetite
2.
Celibacy
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Celibacy is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons. It is often in association with the role of an official or devotee. In its narrow sense, the term celibacy is applied only to those for whom the state is the result of a sacred vow, act of renunciation. In a wider sense, it is understood to only mean abstinence from sexual activity. Celibacy has existed in one form or another throughout history, in all the major religions of the world. Ancient Judaism was strongly opposed to celibacy, similarly, the Romans viewed it as an aberration and legislated fiscal penalties against it, with the sole exception granted to the Vestal Virgins. Christians in the Middle Ages and in particular Catholics believed that celibacy was a prerequisite for religious office, protestantism saw a reversal of this trend in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church never adopted it. The Islamic attitudes toward celibacy have been complex as well, Muhammad denounced it, classical Hindu culture encouraged asceticism and celibacy in the later stages of life, after one has met his societal obligations. Jainism and Buddhism have been influenced by Hinduism in this respect, There were, however, significant cultural differences in the various areas where Buddhism spread, which affected the local attitudes toward celibacy. It was not well received in China, for example, where other religions such as Daoism were opposed to it. A somewhat similar situation existed in Japan, where the Shinto tradition also opposed celibacy, the English word celibacy derives from the Latin caelibatus, state of being unmarried, from Latin caelebs, meaning unmarried. This word derives from two Proto-Indo-European stems, *kaiwelo- alone and *libs- living, the words abstinence and celibacy are often used interchangeably, but are not necessarily the same thing. A. W. Sipe adds that even in the relatively uniform milieu of Catholic priests in the United States there is no clear operational definition of celibacy. The concept of new celibacy was introduced by Gabrielle Brown in her 1980 book The New Celibacy, in a revised version of her book, she claims that abstinence is a response on the outside to whats going on, and celibacy is a response from the inside. According to her definition, celibacy is much more than not having sex and it is more intentional than abstinence, and its goal is personal growth and empowerment. This new perspective on celibacy is echoed by authors including Elizabeth Abbott, Wendy Keller. The rule of celibacy in the Buddhist religion, whether Mahayana or Theravada, has a long history, in Japan, celibacy was an ideal among Buddhist clerics for hundreds of years. But violations of clerical celibacy were so common for so long that, finally, in 1872, subsequently, ninety percent of Buddhist monks/clerics married
3.
Condom
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A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection. There are both male and female condoms, with proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year and their use greatly decreases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. They also to a lesser extent protect against genital herpes, human papillomavirus, the male condom should be rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by blocking semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male condoms are made from latex and less commonly from polyurethane or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, easy to access, in those with a latex allergy a polyurethane or other synthetic version should be used. Female condoms are made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times. Condoms as a method of preventing STIs have been used since at least 1564, rubber condoms become available in 1855 followed by latex condoms in the 1920s. They are on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines, the wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.03 to 0.08 USD each. In the United States condoms usually cost less than 1.00 USD, globally less than 10% of those using birth control are using the condom. Rates of condom use are higher in the developed world, in United Kingdom the condom is the second most common method of birth control while in the United States it is the third most common. About six to nine billion are sold a year, the effectiveness of condoms, as of most forms of contraception, can be assessed two ways. Perfect use or method effectiveness rates only include people who use condoms properly and consistently, actual use, or typical use effectiveness rates are of all condom users, including those who use condoms incorrectly or do not use condoms at every act of intercourse. Rates are generally presented for the first year of use, most commonly the Pearl Index is used to calculate effectiveness rates, but some studies use decrement tables. The typical use pregnancy rate among condom users varies depending on the population being studied, the perfect use pregnancy rate of condoms is 2% per year. Condoms may be combined with other forms of contraception for greater protection, Condoms are widely recommended for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. They have been shown to be effective in reducing rates in both men and women. Analysis published in 2007 from the University of Texas Medical Branch, the 2000 NIH review concluded that condom use significantly reduces the risk of gonorrhea for men
4.
Flirting
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This may be accomplished by communicating a sense of playfulness or irony. Double entendres, with one meaning more formally appropriate and another more suggestive, body language can include flicking the hair, eye contact, brief touching, open stances, proximity, etc. Verbal communication of interest can include alterations in vocal tone, such as pace, volume, challenges serve to increase tension and test intention and congruity. Nonetheless, some behaviors may be more universal, the origin of the word flirt is obscure. While old-fashioned, this expression is used in French, often mockingly. She observed in the flirtations between the American soldiers and British women a pattern of misunderstandings regarding who is supposed to take which initiative, which the boys learn to respect, and for the rest to rely upon the men to approach or advance, as warranted by the situation. This resulted, for example, in British women interpreting an American soldiers gregariousness as something more intimate or serious than he had intended. He wrote that courtship in both cultures used approximately 30 steps from first eye contact to the consummation, but that the sequence of the steps was different. For example, kissing might be a step in the American pattern. The fan was used as a means of communication and therefore a way of flirting from the 16th century onwards in some European societies, especially England. A whole sign language was developed with the use of the fan, charles Francis Badini created the Original Fanology or Ladies Conversation Fan which was published by William Cock in London in 1797. The use of the fan was not limited to women, as men also carried fans, for instance, placing the fan near the heart meant I love you, while opening a fan wide meant Wait for me. In Spain, where the use of fans is still popular in modern times, ladies used them to communicate with suitors or prospective suitors without their family or chaperon finding out. This use was popular during the 19th and early 20th centuries. People flirt for a variety of reasons, flirting can indicate an interest in a deeper personal relationship with another person. Some people flirt simply for amusement, with no intention of developing any further relationship and this type of flirting sometimes faces disapproval from others because it can be deemed as leading someone on if the person being flirted with misinterprets it as something more serious. In most cultures, both types of flirting may be viewed as cheating if either person is in a relationship with someone else. Some couples set up rules and boundaries for their partner so one will know whats accepted, in order to bond or to express sexual interest, people flirt
5.
Incest
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Incest is sexual activity between family members or close relatives. The incest taboo is and has one of the most widespread of all cultural taboos. Most modern societies have laws regarding incest or social restrictions on closely consanguineous marriages, in societies where it is illegal, consensual adult incest is seen by some as a victimless crime. Some cultures extend the incest taboo to relatives with no consanguinity such as milk-siblings, stepsiblings, third-degree relatives on average share 12. 5% genes, and sexual relations between them is viewed differently in various cultures, from being discouraged to being socially acceptable. The children of incestuous relationships were regarded as illegitimate, and are still so regarded in some societies today, in most cases, the parents did not have the option to marry to remove that status, as incestuous marriages were, and are, normally also prohibited. A common justification for prohibiting incest is avoiding inbreeding, a collection of genetic disorders suffered by the children of parents with a genetic relationship. But inbreeding is not the basis for the incest taboo for two reasons. First, most prohibitions on incest cover affinity relationships—that is, relationships created by marriage —as well as created by adoption. And second, the incest taboo also applies to non-procreative sex—for example, some societies, such as the Balinese and some Inuit tribes, have different views about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest. However, sexual relations with a first-degree relative are almost universally forbidden, the English word incest is derived from the Latin incestus, which has a general meaning of impure, unchaste. It was introduced into Middle English, both in the generic Latin sense and in the modern sense. The derived adjective incestuous appears in the 16th century, before the Latin term came in, incest was known in Old English as sib-leger or mǣġhǣmed but in time, both words fell out of use. In ancient China, first cousins with the surnames were not permitted to marry. Several of the Egyptian Pharaohs married their siblings and had children with them. For example, Tutankhamun married his half-sister Ankhesenamun, and was himself the child of an union between Akhenaten and an unidentified sister-wife. It is now accepted that sibling marriages were widespread among all classes in Egypt during the Graeco-Roman period. Numerous papyri and the Roman census declarations attest to many husbands and wives being brother and sister, in the sequel to Oedipus, Antigone, his four children are also punished for their parents incestuousness. Incest appears in the accepted version of the birth of Adonis
6.
Kidnapping of Elizabeth Smart
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Elizabeth Smart is a woman who, at the age of fourteen, was abducted from her bedroom in Salt Lake City, Utah on June 5,2002. After both defendants were found competent to stand trial, Barzee was convicted in 2009 and Mitchell was convicted in 2010, Mitchell was held in the Salt Lake County Jail following his sentencing on May 25,2011. On August 31, he was transferred to a prison in Arizona to begin serving a life sentence for his crimes. The abduction of Elizabeth and her rescue were widely reported and were the subject of a made-for-television movie, edward Smart and his wife Lois lived in the affluent neighborhood of Federal Heights in Salt Lake City, Utah, with their six children. On the evening of June 4,2002, the family attended a ceremony at Bryant Middle School. After the family returned home and got ready for bed, Ed made sure the doors were all locked, if the children got up and moved, it would set the alarm off. And so we just said were not going to bother with it, in the early hours of June 5, Brian David Mitchell broke into the home and came to the bedroom that Elizabeth shared with her 9-year-old sister, Mary Katherine. He had dark hair, and also dark hair on his arms, the man threatened Elizabeth with a knife. When Elizabeth said ouch after stubbing her toe on a chair, Mitchell said something that sounded like, You better be quiet and she heard Elizabeth ask Why are you doing this. And though the answer was not clear, Mary Katherine thought the answer might have been for ransom, Mitchell was soft-spoken — even polite, calm, and nicely dressed. Although Mitchell spoke to Elizabeth quietly, Mary Katherine thought Mitchells voice seemed somehow familiar and she never got a good look at Mitchells face. This fact was kept a secret by the police during the investigation, by listening to the creaking floor as Elizabeth and Mitchell walked, Mary Katherine thought she could tell where Mitchell and Elizabeth were. So when it seemed safe, Mary Katherine hopped out of bed to tell her parents, but she froze in terror when she nearly ran into Mitchell and Elizabeth as they seemed to be looking into her brothers bedroom. Fearful that she had been spotted by the abductor, she crept back into her bed. I thought, you know, be quiet, because if he hears you, he take you too. She hid for an amount of time. Investigators later concluded that she may have been hiding over two hours before she felt safe enough to come out, Mary Katherine came to her parents bedroom and woke them up. She told them Elizabeth was gone, but her parents thought she was having a bad dream, Ed went from room to room, and didnt find her
7.
Kiss
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A kiss is the touch or pressing of ones lips against another person or an object. Cultural connotations of kissing vary widely, in some situations, a kiss is a ritual, formal or symbolic gesture indicating devotion, respect, or sacrament. The word came from Old English cyssan, in turn from coss, cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist, physician and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology, supported this idea. Both lip and tongue kissing are mentioned in Sumerian poetry, My lips are too small and my precious sweet, lying by my heart, one by one tonguemaking, one by one. When my sweet precious, my heart, had lain down too, each of them in turn kissing with the tongue, the wisdom of the earth in a kiss and everything else in your eyes. I kiss her before everyone that all may see my love. And when her lips are pressed to mine I am made drunk, when we kiss, and her warm lips half open, I fly cloud-high without beer. His kisses on my lips, my breast, my hair. Come. And kiss me when I die, For life, compelling life, is in thy breath, And at that kiss, though in the tomb I lie, I will arise and break the bands of Death. Much later, there is the verse from the Song of Songs, May he kiss me with the kisses of his mouth. In Cyropaedia, Xenophon wrote about the Persian custom of kissing in the lips upon departure while narrating the departure of Cyrus the Great as a boy from his Median kinsmen, according to Herodotus, when two Persians meet, the greeting formula expresses their equal or inequal status. They do not speak, rather, equals kiss each other on the mouth, and in the case one is a little inferior to the other. During the later Classical period, affectionate mouth-to-mouth kissing was first described in the Hindu epic, academics who have studied it say kissing spread slowly to other parts of the world after Alexander the Great and his army conquered parts of Punjab in northern India in 326 B. C. The Romans helped to spread the habit to most of Europe, the Romans were passionate about kissing and talked about several types of kissing. Kissing the hand or cheek was called an osculum, Kissing on the lips with mouth closed was called a basium, which was used between relatives. A kiss of passion was called a suavium, Kissing was not always an indication of eros, or love, but also could show respect and rank as it was used in Medieval Europe. Kristoffer Nyrop identified a number of types of kisses, including kisses of love, affection, peace, respect and friendship. He notes, however, that the categories are somewhat contrived and overlapping, and some cultures have more kinds, including the French with twenty, Kissing another persons lips has become a common expression of affection or warm greeting in many cultures worldwide
8.
Marriage
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The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity, when defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, conversely, such practices may be outlawed and penalized in parts of the world out of concerns for womens rights and because of international law. These trends coincide with the human rights movement. Marriage can be recognized by a state, an organization, an authority, a tribal group. It is often viewed as a contract, Marriages can be performed in a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting via a wedding ceremony. The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved, and any offspring they may produce, some cultures allow the dissolution of marriage through divorce or annulment. In some areas, child marriages and polygamy may occur in spite of laws against the practice. For example, the number of marriages in Europe decreased by 30% from 1975 to 2005 and these changes have occurred primarily in Western countries. The word marriage derives from Middle English mariage, which first appears in 1250–1300 CE and this in turn is derived from Old French, marier, and ultimately Latin, marītāre, meaning to provide with a husband or wife and marītāri meaning to get married. The adjective marīt-us -a, -um meaning matrimonial or nuptial could also be used in the form as a noun for husband. Anthropologists have proposed several competing definitions of marriage in an attempt to encompass the wide variety of marital practices observed across cultures, even within Western culture, definitions of marriage have careened from one extreme to another and everywhere in between. The anthropological handbook Notes and Queries defined marriage as a union between a man and a such that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both partners. In recognition of a practice by the Nuer people of Sudan allowing women to act as a husband in certain circumstances, Kathleen Gough suggested modifying this to a woman, none of these men had legal rights to the womans child. Economic anthropologist Duran Bell has criticized the definition on the basis that some societies do not require marriage for legitimacy. He argued that a definition of marriage is circular in societies where illegitimacy has no other legal or social implications for a child other than the mother being unmarried. In 1955 article in Man, Leach argued that no one definition of marriage applied to all cultures and he offered a list of ten rights associated with marriage, including sexual monopoly and rights with respect to children, with specific rights differing across cultures
9.
Striptease
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A striptease is an erotic or exotic dance in which the performer gradually undresses, either partly or completely, in a seductive and sexually suggestive manner. The person who performs a striptease is commonly known as a stripper or exotic dancer. In Western countries, the venues where stripteases are performed on a regular basis are now usually called strip clubs, though they may be performed in such as pubs, theaters. At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at a bachelor or bachelorette party, in addition to providing adult entertainment, stripping can be a form of sexual play between partners. Striptease involves a slow, sensuous undressing, the emphasis is on the act of undressing along with sexually suggestive movement, rather than the state of being undressed. In the past, the performance often finished as soon as the undressing was finished, the costume the stripper wears before disrobing can form part of the act. In some cases, audience interaction can form part of the act, with audience urging the stripper to remove more clothing, Striptease and public nudity have been subject to legal and cultural prohibitions and other aesthetic considerations and taboos. Restrictions on venues may be through venue licensing requirements and constraints and these laws vary considerably around the world, and even between different parts of the same country. H. L. Gypsy Rose Lee, one of the most famous artists of all time. The origins of striptease as a performance art are disputed and various dates, the term striptease was first recorded in 1932, though stripping, in the sense of women removing clothing to sexually excite men, seems to go back to at least the late 19th century. There is an aspect in the ancient Sumerian myth of the descent of the goddess Inanna into the Underworld. At each of the seven gates, she removed an article of clothing or a piece of jewelry, as long as she remained in hell, the earth was barren. Some believe this myth was embodied in the dance of the seven veils of Salome, however, although the Bible records Salomes dance, the first mention of her removing seven veils occurs in Oscar Wildes play of Salome, in 1893. In ancient Greece, the lawgiver Solon established several classes of prostitutes in the late 6th century BC, among these classes of prostitutes were the auletrides, female dancers, acrobats, and musicians, noted for dancing naked in an alluring fashion in front of audiences of men. In ancient Rome, dance featuring stripping was part of the entertainments at the Floralia and she was famous for her striptease performance of Leda and the Swan. From these accounts, it appears that the practice was hardly exceptional nor new and it was, however, actively opposed by the Christian Church, which succeeded in obtaining statutes banning it in the following century. The degree to which these statutes were subsequently enforced is, of course, what is certain is that no practice of the sort is reported in texts of the European Middle Ages. An early version of strip-tease became popular in England at the time of the Restoration, a strip tease was incorporated into the Restoration comedy The Rover, written by Aphra Behn in 1677
10.
American Beauty (1999 film)
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American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball. Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham, a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughters best friend. Annette Bening co-stars as Lesters materialistic wife, Carolyn, and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter, Wes Bentley, Chris Cooper, and Allison Janney also feature. Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s and he shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage. After several years as a screenwriter, Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry. The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Balls frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms, producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks, the then-fledgling film studio bought Balls script for $250,000, outbidding several other production bodies. DreamWorks financed the $15 million production and served as its North American distributor, principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California, and on location in Los Angeles. Mendes dominant style was deliberate and composed, he made use of static shots and slow pans. Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events, during editing, Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script. Released in North America on September 17,1999, American Beauty was positively received by critics, reviewers praised most aspects of the production, with particular emphasis on Mendes, Spacey, and Ball, criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting. It was nominated for and won other awards and honors, mainly for the direction, writing. Lester Burnham is an advertising executive and magazine writer who despises his job. He is unhappily married to Carolyn, a neurotic yet fiercely ambitious real estate broker who grows red roses in their yard, their daughter, Jane. His job as a part-time bar caterer serves as a front for his secret marijuana dealings, Frank is a strict disciplinarian who previously sent Ricky to a military school and briefly committed him to a psychiatric hospital. Jim Olmeyer and Jim Berkley, a gay couple who live nearby, on the way to school, Frank reveals his homophobia while he angrily discusses the incident with Ricky. Lester becomes infatuated with Janes vain friend, Angela Hayes, after seeing her perform a dance routine at a high school basketball game with Jane. He starts having sexual fantasies about Angela, in red rose petals are a recurring motif. Carolyn begins an affair with her married business rival, Buddy Kane, when Lesters boss and efficiency expert, Brad, tells him that he is to be laid off, Lester instead blackmails him for $60,000 and quits his job
11.
Fellatio
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Fellatio is an oral sex act involving the use of the mouth or throat, which is performed by a person on the penis of another person or oneself. Oral stimulation of the scrotum may also be termed fellatio or tea bagging, Fellatio can be sexually arousing for both participants, and may lead to orgasm for the receptive partner. It may be performed by a partner as foreplay before other sexual activities, or as an erotic. Like most forms of activity, oral sex creates a risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. However, the risk for oral sex, especially HIV transmission, is significantly lower than for vaginal or anal sex. Most countries do not have laws which ban the practice of oral sex, people may also have negative feelings or sexual inhibitions about giving or receiving oral sex, they may refuse to engage in it of their own volition. Commonly, people do not regard forms of sex as affecting the virginity of either partner. The English noun fellatio comes from fellātus, which in Latin is the past participle of the verb fellāre, in fellatio the -us is replaced by the -io, the declension stem ends in -ion-, which gives the suffix the form -ion. The -io ending is used in English to create nouns from Latin adjectives and it can indicate a state or action wherein the Latin verb is being, or has been, further English words have been created based on the same Latin root. A person who performs fellatio upon another may be termed a fellator, because of Latins gender based declension, the equivalent term for a female is fellatrix. A person who performs fellatio on someone might be referred to as the partner. Fellatio can be sexually arousing for participants, and males commonly experience orgasm, though a person who receives fellatio is male, his sex partner may be of either gender. When the penis is thrust into someones mouth, it may be called irrumatio, the man receiving fellatio can slow the rhythm of the stimulation by holding his partners head. The mans partner may also play with his penis by licking, sucking, kissing or otherwise playing with the tongue. Fellatio may also include the stimulation of the scrotum, whether licking, sucking or taking the entire scrotum into the mouth. It is difficult for people to perform fellatio, due to their sensitivities to the natural gag reflex. Different people have different sensitivities to the reflex, but some people learn to suppress the reflex, deep-throating is an act in which a mans partner takes the entire erect penis deep into their mouth, in such a way as to enter their throat. Nancy Fridays book, Men in Love - Mens Sexual Fantasies, The Triumph of Love over Rage, the man receiving fellatio receives direct sexual stimulation, while his partner may derive satisfaction from giving him pleasure
