1.
Creative Commons
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Creative Commons is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public and these licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy-to-understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, Creative Commons licenses do not replace copyright, but are based upon it. The result is an agile, low-overhead and low-cost copyright-management regime, Wikipedia uses one of these licenses. The organization was founded in 2001 by Lawrence Lessig, Hal Abelson, the first article in a general interest publication about Creative Commons, written by Hal Plotkin, was published in February 2002. The first set of licenses was released in December 2002. In 2003 the Open Content Project, a 1998 precursor project by David A. Wiley, announced the Creative Commons as successor project, matthew Haughey and Aaron Swartz also played a role in the early stages of the project. As of January 2016 there were an estimated 1.1 billion works licensed under the various Creative Commons licenses, as of March 2015, Flickr alone hosts over 306 million Creative Commons licensed photos. Creative Commons is governed by a board of directors and their licenses have been embraced by many as a way for creators to take control of how they choose to share their copyrighted works. Beyond that, Creative Commons has provided institutional, practical and legal support for individuals and groups wishing to experiment, Creative Commons attempts to counter what Lawrence Lessig, founder of Creative Commons, considers to be a dominant and increasingly restrictive permission culture. Lessig describes this as a culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the powerful, as of 2017, they are Paul Keller, Jonathan Nightingale, Chris Thorne. As of 2015, there are more than 100 affiliates working in over 75 jurisdictions to support, Creative Commons Korea is the affiliated network of Creative Commons in South Korea. In March 2005, CC Korea was initiated by Jongsoo Yoon, the major Korean portal sites, including Daum and Naver, have been participating in the use of Creative Commons licences. In January 2009, the Creative Commons Korea Association was consequently founded as an incorporated association. Since then, CC Korea has been promoting the liberal. Since March 15,2012 he has been detained by the Syrian government in Damascus at Adra Prison, on October 17,2015 Creative Commons Board of Directors approved a resolution calling for Bassel Khartabil release. All current CC licenses require attribution, which can be inconvenient for works based on other works. Critics also worried that the lack of rewards for content producers will dissuade artists from publishing their work, Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig countered that copyright laws have not always offered the strong and seemingly indefinite protection that todays law provides
2.
Royal Rumble (2009)
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Royal Rumble was the twenty-second annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment. It was presented by Castrol GTX and took place on January 25,2009, at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. Five professional wrestling matches were featured on the supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main event was the annual 30-man Royal Rumble match which featured wrestlers from all three brands, randy Orton, the eighth entrant, won the match by last eliminating Triple H, the seventh entrant. The primary match on the Raw brand was John Cena versus John Bradshaw Layfield for the World Heavyweight Championship, the primary match on the SmackDown brand was a No Disqualification match between Jeff Hardy and Edge for the WWE Championship. The predominant match on the ECW brand was between Jack Swagger and Matt Hardy for the ECW Championship, wrestlers portrayed a villain or a hero as they followed a series of events that built tension and which culminated in a wrestling match or in a series of matches. The event featured wrestlers from WWEs Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands—a storyline division in which WWE employees were assigned to a program of the same name. The prime match scripted into Royal Rumble 2009, the annual Royal Rumble match, has featured at every Royal Rumble event since its inception, the match featured 30 male wrestlers from WWEs three brands, WWE officially announced 23 participants. The match ends when one wrestler remains in the ring after the elimination of all the 29 other wrestlers, the winner earned an opportunity to challenge for the WWE, World Heavyweight, or ECW Championship at WWEs April WrestleMania XXV pay-per-view. Another rivalry from Raw was between Melina and Beth Phoenix for her WWE Womens Championship, Melina won the opportunity to face Phoenix on the December 29,2008 episode of Raw by winning a battle royal, a match similar to the Royal Rumble, though with fewer competitors. At WWEs previous pay-per-view event, Armageddon, Jeff Hardy defeated WWE Champion Edge, on the January 2,2009, episode of SmackDown, authority figure Vickie Guerrero announced that Edge would face Hardy for the title at the Royal Rumble. ECWs main rivalry was between Jack Swagger and Matt Hardy, over the ECW Championship, on the January 13,2009, episode of ECW on Syfy, Swagger defeated Hardy to capture the ECW Championship. On the January 16 episode of Friday Night SmackDown, WWE announced that Swagger would defend the ECW title against Hardy in a rematch at the Royal Rumble, the first match of the evening saw Jack Swagger defend the ECW Championship against Matt Hardy. The match started with both wrestlers countering each others moves until Swagger injured Hardys left shoulder and then targeted it for the rest of the match, Swagger ultimately defeated Hardy by pinning him after slamming him to the mat with a gutwrench powerbomb. Swagger thus retained the ECW title, the second match involved the WWE Womens Championship, where Beth Phoenix defended her title against Melina. The match ended when Phoenix attempted the Glam Slam on Melina, the third match on the card pitted John Cena against JBL for the World Heavyweight Championship. He then left ringside, leaving JBLs arm on top of Cena, Cena however managed to get a shoulder up and performed an Attitude Adjustment to retain his World Championship. In the fourth match, Jeff Hardy defended the WWE Championship against Edge, before the match began, Vickie Guerrero came out and announced the match to be No Disqualifications
3.
Royal Rumble
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The Royal Rumble is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event, produced every January by professional wrestling promotion WWE. The event is named after the Royal Rumble match, a Battle royal match whose participants enter at timed intervals, the Royal Rumble is considered one of WWEs most popular pay-per-view events. The Royal Rumble is a pay-per-view consisting of the Royal Rumble match, title matches, the first Royal Rumble took place on January 24,1988 and was broadcast live on the USA Network. The following year, the event started to be broadcast on pay-per-view and thus one of WWEs big four pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Survivor Series. The Royal Rumble match is usually located at the top of the card, though there have been such as the 1988,1996,1997,1998,2006. Due to the Rumble match taking up an amount of time, the Rumble event tends to have a smaller card than most other pay-per-view events. The 2008 Royal Rumble was the first WWE pay-per-view to be available in high-definition. The Royal Rumble is based on the classic Battle Royal match, in which a number of wrestlers aim at eliminating their competitors by tossing them over the top rope, the winner of the event is the last wrestler remaining after all others have been eliminated. This lottery is usually staged right before the event begins. This format is credited to Pat Patterson, to date, only four men who have been one of the starting wrestlers have won the Royal Rumble, Shawn Michaels, Vince McMahon, Chris Benoit and Rey Mysterio. The most common number to win is number 27, One of the most infamous of these incidents occurred during the 2015 Royal Rumble match. Before the match began, Lilian Garcia explained that the entrants would enter the match every 90 seconds, rusev entered at #15 and Goldust at #16, but the two entrants were 2 minutes and 8 seconds apart from each other. The Royal Rumble match commonly involves 30 wrestlers and usually lasts an hour, with the longest match, at the 2011 event, lasting one hour. However, the first match, contested in 1988, involved only 20 men, the 2011 Royal Rumble had a 40-man field, out of whom Alberto Del Rio was victorious. Royal Rumble matches are generally stipulated to involve no disqualifications, the only exception involved Finlay entering the match before his turn to save Hornswoggle in 2008. Of course, this contradicts the 2001 Royal Rumble, when Al Snow inserted himself into the match temporarily without being disqualified, with the brand extension introduced in mid-2002, the 30 entrants from 2003 to 2006 consisted of 15 wrestlers from both the Raw and SmackDown brands. At first, the winner of the received a shot at their brands top champion. Starting in 2004, the Rumble winner had the option of challenging any brands champion, for instance, Chris Benoit switched brands after winning the 2004 Royal Rumble and won the World Heavyweight Championship. During ECWs participation, the entries for each brand were not evenly divided, the winner of the Royal Rumble match now receives a title opportunity for either SmackDowns WWE Championship or Raws WWE Universal Championship
