1.
South Carolina
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South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U. S. Constitution, doing so on May 23,1788. South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20,1860, after the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25,1868. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U. S. state and its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3. 13%. The capital and largest city is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358, South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, under whose reign the English colony was first formed, with Carolus being Latin for Charles. There is evidence of activity in the area about 12000 years ago. Along the Savannah River were the Apalachee, Yuchi, and the Yamasee, further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. These tribes were village-dwellers, relying on agriculture as their food source. The Cherokee lived in wattle and daub houses made with wood and clay, about a dozen separate small tribes summered on the coast harvesting oysters and fish, and cultivating corn, peas and beans. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles mostly by canoe, they wintered on the plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts. The names of these survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island. The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area, in 1521, founding San Miguel de Gualdape, established with 500 settlers, it was abandoned within a year by 150 survivors. In 1562 French settlers established a settlement at what is now the Charlesfort-Santa Elena archaeological site on Parris Island, three years later the Spanish built a fort on the same site, but withdrew following hostilities with the English navy. In 1629, King Charles I of England established the Province of Carolina an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, in the 1670s, English planters from the Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, settlers came from all over Europe. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720, another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by farmers and traders. Colonists overthrew the rule, seeing more direct representation
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Community college
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A community college is a type of educational institution. In Australia, the community college refers to small private businesses running short courses generally of a self-improvement or hobbyist nature. Equivalent to the American notion of community colleges are Tertiary And Further Education colleges or TAFEs, there are also an increasing number of private providers, which are colloquially called colleges. Most Australian universities can also be traced back to such forerunners, in TAFEs and colleges today, courses are designed for personal development of an individual and/or for employment outcomes. A Certificate I may only run for 4 hours twice a week for a term of 9 weeks, a full-time Diploma course might have classes 4 days per week for a year. Some courses may be offered in the evenings or weekends to accommodate people working full-time, funding for colleges may come from government grants and course fees, and many are not-for-profit organisations. There are located in metropolitan, regional and rural locations of Australia, learning offered by TAFEs and colleges has changed over the years. By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training, TAFEs and colleges have not traditionally offered bachelors degrees, instead providing pathway arrangements with universities to continue towards degrees. The American innovation of the degree is emerging at some institutions. Certificate courses I to IV, diplomas and advanced diplomas are typically offered, recently, some TAFE institutes have also become higher education providers in their own right and are now starting to offer bachelors degrees programs. In Canada, community colleges are adult educational institutions that provide education and tertiary education. Each province has its own system, as prescribed by the Canadian federalism model of governance. A formative trend was the merging of the then separate vocational training, Canadian colleges are either publicly funded or private post-secondary institutions. There are 150 institutions that are equivalent to the US community college in certain contexts. They are usually referred to simply as colleges since in common usage a degree-granting institution is almost exclusively a university, University degrees are usually attained through four years of study. The term associate degree is used in western Canada to refer to a two-year college arts or science degree, in other parts of Canada the term advanced degree is used to indicate a 3- or 4-year college program. In the province of Quebec, three years is the norm for a university degree because a year of credit is earned in the CEGEP system, the word College can also refer to a private High School in Quebec. The courses offered by these colleges are diplomas, advance diplomas, the duration of these courses usually ranges from six months to two years
4.
College
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College is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university. In ancient Rome a collegium was a club or society, a group of living together under a common set of rules. Aside from the educational context - nowadays the most common use of college - there are various other meanings also derived from the original Latin term. In the United States, college can be a synonym for university, in Singapore and India, this is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the sixth form college as the English name for a lycée. In some national education systems, secondary schools may be called colleges or have college as part of their title, in Australia the term college is applied to any private or independent primary and, especially, secondary school as distinct from a state school. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The Kings School, there has also been a recent trend to rename or create government secondary schools as colleges. In the state of Victoria, some high schools are referred to as secondary colleges. Interestingly, the pre-eminent government secondary school for boys in Melbourne is still named Melbourne High School, in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, college is used in the name of all state high schools built since the late 1990s, and also some older ones. In New South Wales, some schools, especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers, are known as secondary colleges. In Queensland some newer schools which accept primary and high school students are styled state college, in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, college refers to the final two years of high school, and the institutions which provide this. In this context, college is an independent of the other years of high school. Here, the expression is a version of matriculation college. This is because these schools have traditionally focused on academic, rather than vocational, subjects. Some private secondary schools choose to use the college in their names nevertheless. Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country, particularly ones within the school system. In New Zealand the word normally refers to a secondary school for ages 13 to 17
5.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
6.
Clemson University
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Clemson University /ˈklɛmsən/ is an American public, coeducational, land-grant and sea-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. As of 2016, Clemson University enrolled a total of 18,599 undergraduate students for the semester and 4,807 graduate students. The cost of tuition and fees is about $14,882 and out-of-state tuition. U. S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University 23rd among all public universities. Clemson University is classified as a highest research activity university, thomas Green Clemson, the universitys founder, came to the foothills of South Carolina in 1838, when he married Anna Maria Calhoun, daughter of John C. Calhoun, a South Carolina statesman and seventh U. S and his decision was largely influenced by future South Carolina Governor Benjamin Tillman. Tillman lobbied the South Carolina General Assembly to create the school as an institution for the state. In November 1889, South Carolina Governor John Peter Richardson III signed the bill, as a result, federal funds for agricultural education from the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act and the Hatch Act of 1887 were transferred from South Carolina College to Clemson. Construction of the college began with Hardin Hall in 1890 and then main classroom buildings in 1891, henry Aubrey Strode became the first president of Clemson from 1890 to 1893. Edwin Craighead succeeded Strode in 1893, Clemson Agricultural College formally opened in July 1893 with an initial enrollment of 446. The common curriculum of the first incoming students was English, history, botany, mathematics, physics, until 1955, the college was also an all-white male military school. On May 22,1894 Tillman Hall, the building on campus, was destroyed by a fire. The fire of 1894 consumed the library, classrooms and offices, Tillman Hall was rebuilt in 1894 and still stands today. The first graduating class of Clemson was in 1896 with degrees in mechanical-electrical engineering, Clemsons first football team began in 1896 with trainer Walter Riggs. Henry Hartzog, graduate of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Hartzog created a textile department in 1898. Clemson became the first Southern school to train textile specialists, Hartzog expanded the curriculum with more industrialization skills such as foundry work, agriculture studies and mechanics. In 1902 a large student walkout over the use of military discipline escalated tensions between students and faculty forcing Hartzog to resign. Patrick Mell succeeded Hartzog from 1902 to 1910, following the resignation of Mell in 1910 former Clemson Tigers football coach Walter Riggs became president of Clemson from 1910 to 1924
7.
Coastal Carolina University
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Coastal Carolina University, commonly referred to as CCU or Coastal, is a public, state-supported, liberal arts university in Conway, South Carolina, United States. The campus is located eight miles west of the oceanfront resort town of Myrtle Beach, founded in 1954, Coastal became an independent university in 1993. The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island, Coastal Carolina Universitys Conway campus is also the home of the Horry County Schools Scholars Academy, a high school for gifted students. The college originally operated under contract as an extension of the College of Charleston, classes met at night at Conway High School and were taught by part-time faculty. After the College of Charleston closed its extension programs, Coastal became an independent community college supported by Horry County, the Horry County Educational Commission was created in 1959 to oversee some of the tax money. This body was responsible for contracting out operations to the University of South Carolina a year later under the name Coastal Carolina Regional Campus, the deal was finalized at the Chat N Chew restaurant in Turbeville, South Carolina, a town halfway between Conway and Columbia. The site of the campus was chosen in 1960, on a plot of land between U. S. Highway 501 and South Carolina Highway 544, on land owned by Burroughs Timber Company. The university officially opened 1962 under a new name, Coastal Carolina College of the University of South Carolina, the Edward M. Singleton Building was the first to open in 1963. A decade of growth led to the becoming an four-year institution in 1974. The universitys first residence halls opened in 1987, by 1991, enrollment had grown to over 4,000 students, leading the Coastal Educational Foundation and Horry County Educational Commission to seek independent status for the school. Throughout the 2010s, the University experienced a building boom achieved as a result of a local 1-cent sales tax for education-related construction, in 2014, the University established its first doctoral degree program, in coastal and coastal and marine science systems science. The business college, most commonly referred to as Wall, offers six majors, accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing and hospitality. The PGA Golf Management program is one of only 20 programs in the nation accredited by the PGA of America, Business students can also minor in business, economics, international business or marketing. The business college also offers two programs, the Master of Business Administration program and the Master of Accountancy program. The Wall College of Business is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, the Wall College is also home to several programs and centers. BB&T Grant Center for Real Estate and Economic Development Clay Brittain, beginning with the Fall 2015 semester, the College will also host Teaching Fellows cohorts. Teaching Fellows is a program of the Center for Educator Recruitment, Retention and it offers over fifteen undergraduate degree programs in the humanities and fine arts, as well as twenty-five undergraduate minor programs. In addition, the Edwards College offers graduate programs in Writing, the press is a student-driven publishing lab that offers students professional-level hands-on experience in authoring, designing and producing innovative stories
8.
College of Charleston
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The College of Charleston is a public, sea-grant and space-grant university located in historic downtown Charleston, South Carolina, United States. The founders of the College include three signers of the Declaration of Independence and three future signers of the United States Constitution. Founded to encourage and institute youth in the branches of liberal education. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, the College of Charleston is the oldest institution of education in South Carolina. During the colonial period, wealthy families sent their sons abroad or to universities in Middle Atlantic, by the mid-18th century, many leading citizens supported the idea of establishing an institution of higher learning within the state. On January 30,1770, Lieutenant Governor William Bull recommended to the general assembly the establishment of a provincial college. However, internal disagreements, political rivalries and the American Revolution delayed its progress, after the war, South Carolinians returned their attention to establishing a college. On March 19,1785, the College of Charleston was chartered to encourage, the act of the statehouse provided for three colleges simultaneously, one in Charleston, one in Winnsboro and one in Cambridge. Only the College of Charleston continues today as a college, robert Smith served as the colleges first president. Educated in England, he was ordained as a priest in the Anglican Church and relocated to Charleston, during the American Revolution, he supported the Patriot cause and even served as a soldier during the siege of the city. He later became the first Episcopal bishop of South Carolina and he relocated the school to a brick range which had been constructed for use as quarters for soldiers during the Revolutionary War. Dr. Smith continued as the president until 1797 and it was during his term that the school graduated its first class with the degree of A. B. a class which consisted of six students. The oldest of the students was only 18, and the work for a degree was considered so easy that one of its first graduates said that the thing was absurd. Upon the resignation of Dr. Smith in 1797, the school became sporadic and it was revived in 1824 with the hiring of Rev. Jasper Adams from Brown University for a salary of $2500. Rev. Adams plans for enlarging the school met opposition both locally and from the General Assembly which found his plans antagonistic to the interest of the South Carolina College, Adams left the school in 1826, and the future of the college appeared bleak. In 1837, however, the City of Charleston decided that it would be in the citys interest to have a home college, in 1837, the city council took over control of the school and assumed the responsibility for its finances and for electing its trustees. As such, it became the nations first municipal college, the city provided funds, for example, in 1850 to enlarge the main academic building, to construct Porters Lodge and to fence in the Cistern Yard, the block that is still the core of the campus. It remained a college until the 1950s, when the college again became a private institution as a way to avoid racial integration
9.
Francis Marion University
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Francis Marion University is a state-supported liberal arts university located six miles east of Florence, South Carolina, USA. It is named in honor of American Revolutionary War hero Brigadier General Francis Marion, the university dates back to 1957, when the University of South Carolina set up a freshman center at the Florence County Library. A few years later, in 1961, USC-Florence was set up on land donated by the Wallace family six miles east of Florence, in 1966, many in the Florence area pushed to establish a four-year university. Governor Robert E. McNair signed into law an act creating Francis Marion College, the newly created Francis Marion College initially enrolled 907 students from 23 of South Carolinas 46 counties in 10 departments. In 1992, Francis Marion College achieved university status and subsequently changed its name to Francis Marion University, today, Francis Marion enrolls over 4,100 students from 32 states and 17 different countries. Francis Marion is one of South Carolinas 13 state-assisted universities, since 1999, Francis Marion University has consistently ranked as one of the Souths best regional universities, earning it a spot in US News and World Reports Americas Best Colleges. The Slave Houses, Gregg Plantation were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the campus includes 100 acres of mixed pine-hardwood and bottomland forests accessed by a series of trails. The University is located on U. S, highways 76 and 301 and is just an hours drive from Myrtle Beach and the Grand Strand and 4 hours from the Blue Ridge Mountains. The city is served by Amtrak, bus service, and a regional airport, Francis Marion is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelors and masters degrees. The business programs are accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, the baccalaureate degree nursing program is accredited by the National League for Nursing. The chemistry program is approved by the Committee on Professional Training of the American Chemical Society, the graduate psychology program is accredited by the Masters in Psychology Accreditation Council and meets the standards of training approved by the Council of Applied Masters Programs in Psychology. The Master of Science in Applied Psychology Program is accredited by the Interorganizational Board for Accreditation of Masters in Psychology Programs. The University is approved by the South Carolina State Board of Education and is a member of the American Council on Education, more than forty areas of study are available, including majors, cooperative programs with other institutions, and pre-professional programs. Students majoring in English and mathematics may choose the teacher certification option in these areas, graduate degrees include the Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Business Administration, Master of Education, Master of Science in Applied Psychology, and Specialist in School Psychology. All masters degree programs are accredited by their respective professional organizations, a number of FMUs individual academic programs have also been accredited by specialized agencies. A physician assistant program will begin at FMU in 2016, the Universitys physical plant includes ten major buildings, J. Howard Stokes Administration Building, James A. Rogers Library, Ronald E. McNair Science Building, Hugh K. Leatherman Sr. In addition, the University constructed new student apartments on campus in 2006, Francis Marion is also home to a two-story observatory, equipped with a 14-inch reflecting telescope, and a planetarium that offers public shows twice monthly. In addition, the FMU English Department offers majors in arts, education
10.
South Carolina State University
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South Carolina State University is a four-year historically black university located in Orangeburg, South Carolina, United States. Currently the program operates through a partnership with North Carolina State University and University of Wisconsin-Madison, as of May 2015,47 bachelors degrees have been conferred by SCSU. South Carolina State is regionally accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges, in June 2015, the SACS decided to allow the college to retain its accreditation, but kept them on probation for another year. In June 2016, SACSCOC decided to remove the college from probation, the schools campus size is 160 acres, with an additional 267 acres at Camp Harry Daniels in Elloree, South Carolina. Three buildings, Lowman Hall, Hodge Hall, and Dukes Gymnasium are included in the South Carolina State College Historic District, the library is the Miller F. Whittaker Library. The library was allocated $1 million from the South Carolina General Assembly in 1967 for its construction, the library is named in honor of the universitys third president. Originally two levels, a level was added in a 1979 expansion. Academic programs received more attention as the student population increased, but other programs, fortunately, the New Deal Programs were used to create, among other things, Wilkinson Hall, the universitys first separate library building. The colleges campus grew, as it purchased over 150 acres for agricultural learning, after World War II, many students flocked to the college, creating a classroom shortage problem for the school. In 1947, the United States Army created an ROTC detachment, the schools name changed, as well, as the South Carolina General Assembly renamed the school South Carolina State College in 1954. This was done in order to black students an environment of equal education. Also, the created a law program for the college. The law program folded in 1966 after the University of South Carolina integrated, during the height of the Civil Rights Movement, many students participated in marches and rallies aimed at ending segregation. The tragedy, known as the Orangeburg massacre, is commemorated by a plaza near the front of the campus. From the late-1960s to the mid-1980s, under the leadership of Dr. M, the school also opened the I. P. Stanback Museum & Planetarium, which is the facility of its kind on a historically black university campus in the United States. In 1993, Dr. Barbara Hatton became the schools first female president and created many improvements for the campus, dawson Bulldog Stadium, constructing new suites and a larger press box, as well as increasing its capacity to 22,000. Hatton also spearheaded the creation of a plaza which resides in front of the Student Union and passes by several dorms, under the leadership of Dr. Andrew Hugine Jr. the school constructed a new 771-bed residence hall, which is the largest dormitory in South Carolina
11.
University of South Carolina
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The University of South Carolina is a public, co-educational research university located in Columbia, South Carolina, United States, with seven satellite campuses. Its campus covers over 359 acres in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House, the University is categorized by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as having highest research activity. It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland, the University of South Carolina has an enrollment of approximately 49,220 students, with 33,575 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2015. USC also has several thousand students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges. Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business, engineering, law, medicine, pharmacy, on January 10,1805, having an initial enrollment of nine students, the college commenced classes with a traditional classical curriculum. The first president was the Baptist minister and theologian Reverend Jonathan Maxcy and he was an alumnus of Brown University, with an honorary degree from Harvard University. Before coming to the college, Maxcy had served as the president of Brown. Maxcys tenure lasted from 1804 through 1820, when South Carolina College opened its doors in 1801, the building now known as Rutledge College was the only building on campus. Located one block southeast of the State Capitol, it served as an office, academic building, residence hall. However, the plan for the original campus called for a total of eleven buildings. In 1807, the original Presidents House was the building to be erected. The building now known as DeSaussure College followed shortly thereafter, when completed, all eleven buildings formed a U-shape open to Sumter Street. This modified quadrangle became known as the Horseshoe, as with other southern universities in the antebellum period, the most important organizations for students were the two literary societies, the Clariosophic Society and the Euphradian Society. These two societies, which arose from a split in a literary society known as the Philomathic. The College became a symbol of the South in the period as its graduates were on the forefront of secession from the Union. Despite the depletion of students, the professors issued a notice that the college would temporarily close and would reopen to those under eighteen. When the college reopened on March 17, only nine students showed up for classes, on June 25 with the consent of the state government, the Confederate authorities took possession of the college buildings and converted them into a hospital. After many unsuccessful attempts to reopen the college, the trustees passed a resolution on December 2,1863 that officially closed the college
