1.
Florence, South Carolina
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Florence /ˈflɔːrəns/ is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Florence County and the city within the Florence metropolitan area. The area forms the core of the historical Pee Dee region of South Carolina, as of the 2010 census, the population of Florence was 37,056, and the estimated population in 2015 was 38,228. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League, the city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington. As of 2013, the city retains its status as a hub, both for industry and infrastructure, while establishing itself as a regional center for business, medicine, culture. The City of Florence was chartered in 1871 and incorporated in 1890 following the 1888 creation of Florence County, prior to its charter, the city was part of one of the original townships laid out by the Lords Proprietors in 1719. The area was settled through the late 19th and early 20th century. Early settlers practiced subsistence farming and produced indigo, cotton, naval stores and timber, in the mid-19th century two intersecting railroads were built, the Wilmington and Manchester, and the Northeastern. Gen. W. W. Harllee, the president of the W & M, built his home at the junction, over 2,800 of the prisoners died of disease, and the burial ground adjacent to the prison became the Florence National Cemetery after the war. After the war, Florence grew and prospered, using the railroad to supply its cotton, timber, during the 20th century the economy of Florence came to rely heavily on the healthcare industry, driven by two major hospitals and a number of pharmaceutical plants. Industry grew, especially after World War II, when Florence became increasingly known for textiles, pharmaceuticals, paper, Florence is located in the coastal plain of South Carolina. It is in the part of the state and the northern part of Florence County. The average elevation above sea level is around 140 ft. Jeffries Creek is a tributary of the Great Pee Dee River and is the waterway that flows through the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.9 square miles, of which 20.9 square miles are land and 0.04 square miles. Autumn, winter and spring are mild, with winter nights below freezing. Florences summers can be hot and humid. The city, like cities of the Southeast, is prone to inversions. The city of Florence has a form of government
2.
South Carolina
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South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U. S. Constitution, doing so on May 23,1788. South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20,1860, after the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25,1868. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U. S. state and its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3. 13%. The capital and largest city is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358, South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, under whose reign the English colony was first formed, with Carolus being Latin for Charles. There is evidence of activity in the area about 12000 years ago. Along the Savannah River were the Apalachee, Yuchi, and the Yamasee, further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. These tribes were village-dwellers, relying on agriculture as their food source. The Cherokee lived in wattle and daub houses made with wood and clay, about a dozen separate small tribes summered on the coast harvesting oysters and fish, and cultivating corn, peas and beans. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles mostly by canoe, they wintered on the plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts. The names of these survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island. The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area, in 1521, founding San Miguel de Gualdape, established with 500 settlers, it was abandoned within a year by 150 survivors. In 1562 French settlers established a settlement at what is now the Charlesfort-Santa Elena archaeological site on Parris Island, three years later the Spanish built a fort on the same site, but withdrew following hostilities with the English navy. In 1629, King Charles I of England established the Province of Carolina an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, in the 1670s, English planters from the Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, settlers came from all over Europe. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720, another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by farmers and traders. Colonists overthrew the rule, seeing more direct representation
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Community college
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A community college is a type of educational institution. In Australia, the community college refers to small private businesses running short courses generally of a self-improvement or hobbyist nature. Equivalent to the American notion of community colleges are Tertiary And Further Education colleges or TAFEs, there are also an increasing number of private providers, which are colloquially called colleges. Most Australian universities can also be traced back to such forerunners, in TAFEs and colleges today, courses are designed for personal development of an individual and/or for employment outcomes. A Certificate I may only run for 4 hours twice a week for a term of 9 weeks, a full-time Diploma course might have classes 4 days per week for a year. Some courses may be offered in the evenings or weekends to accommodate people working full-time, funding for colleges may come from government grants and course fees, and many are not-for-profit organisations. There are located in metropolitan, regional and rural locations of Australia, learning offered by TAFEs and colleges has changed over the years. By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training, TAFEs and colleges have not traditionally offered bachelors degrees, instead providing pathway arrangements with universities to continue towards degrees. The American innovation of the degree is emerging at some institutions. Certificate courses I to IV, diplomas and advanced diplomas are typically offered, recently, some TAFE institutes have also become higher education providers in their own right and are now starting to offer bachelors degrees programs. In Canada, community colleges are adult educational institutions that provide education and tertiary education. Each province has its own system, as prescribed by the Canadian federalism model of governance. A formative trend was the merging of the then separate vocational training, Canadian colleges are either publicly funded or private post-secondary institutions. There are 150 institutions that are equivalent to the US community college in certain contexts. They are usually referred to simply as colleges since in common usage a degree-granting institution is almost exclusively a university, University degrees are usually attained through four years of study. The term associate degree is used in western Canada to refer to a two-year college arts or science degree, in other parts of Canada the term advanced degree is used to indicate a 3- or 4-year college program. In the province of Quebec, three years is the norm for a university degree because a year of credit is earned in the CEGEP system, the word College can also refer to a private High School in Quebec. The courses offered by these colleges are diplomas, advance diplomas, the duration of these courses usually ranges from six months to two years
6.
Florence County, South Carolina
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Florence is a county located in the U. S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, its population was 136,885, Florence County is included in the Florence, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. The countys population is about 60% urban, Florence County was formed from main sections of Darlington and Marion Counties plus other townships from Williamsburg and Clarendon Counties, starting in 1888. The last section of Williamsburg County was not added until 1921, Florence County was named for the daughter of General W. W. Harllee. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 804 square miles. The population density was 157 people per square mile, there were 51,836 housing units at an average density of 65 per square mile. 1. 10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.08. In the county, the population was out with 25. 90% under the age of 18,9. 70% from 18 to 24,28. 90% from 25 to 44,23. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 88.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,144, and the median income for a family was $41,274. Males had an income of $32,065 versus $21,906 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,876, about 13. 50% of families and 16. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22. 30% of those under age 18 and 16. 50% of those age 65 or over. In census 2000, the population of Florence County was classified as 58% urban and 42% rural, along with Darlington County, it comprises part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 136,885 people,52,653 households, the population density was 171.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 58,666 housing units at a density of 73.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 54. 9% white,41. 3% black or African American,1. 2% Asian,0. 3% American Indian,1. 1% from other races, and 1. 1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2. 2% of the population, in terms of ancestry,8. 4% were American,7. 8% were English,6. 7% were Irish, and 6. 2% were German
