1.
Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island
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The present, and 28th, Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island is H. Frank Lewis, who has served in the role since 15 August 2011. The Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island is vested with a number of duties and is also expected to undertake various ceremonial roles. The viceroy further presents numerous other honours and decorations, as well as various awards that are named for. The earlier post of Governor of St. Johns Island thus came to be occupied by the authority of the governor-in-chief. The modern incarnation of the office, however, was established in 1873, monarchy in the Canadian provinces Government of Prince Edward Island
2.
Elizabeth II
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Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
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David Johnston
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David Lloyd Johnston CC CMM COM CD FRSC FRCPSC is a Canadian academic, author, and statesman who is the current Governor General of Canada, the 28th since Canadian Confederation. Johnston was born and raised in Ontario, studying there before enrolling at Harvard University and later Cambridge and he was in 2010 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of then Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper, to replace Michaëlle Jean as viceroy. At the time, Johnston was predominantly praised as a choice for the Queens representative. As governor general, Johnston is entitled to be styled His Excellency while in office and The Right Honourable for the duration of his viceregal tenure, given current practice, he will be sworn into the Queens Privy Council for Canada when his term as the Queens representative ends. Johnston was born on June 28,1941 in Sudbury, Ontario, to Lloyd Johnston, the owner of a hardware store and he attended Sault Collegiate Institute in nearby Sault Ste. In 1970, Segal wrote the best-selling novel Love Story, basing a character in the book—Davey, Johnston suffered three concussions from playing football and hockey, he was told by his doctor to either wear a helmet or stop playing hockey. Johnston later attended the University of Cambridge, obtaining a Bachelor of Laws with honours in 1965, during that period, Johnston married his high school sweetheart, Sharon, with whom he has five daughters. Johnston has had an academic career, during which he came to specialise in securities regulation, corporation law, public policy. Johnston stepped down in 1994 as principal of McGill to remain at the university only as a law professor until he was in 1999 installed as the fifth President of the University of Waterloo. At that time, the couple acquired a home in Heidelberg, Ontario and he also moderated the provincial leaders debate featuring David Peterson, Bob Rae, and Larry Grossman, in the run up to the Ontario general election in 1987. He also sat on the Ontario governments Task Force on Management of Large Scale Information and Information Technology Projects and he is the only non-American citizen to chair the Harvard Board of Overseers. Johnston completed his report on January 11,2008, listing seventeen questions of interest for further investigation, Johnstons role as special adviser was parodied by Roger Abbott on the January 11,2008, airing of Air Farce Live. For this corporate, government, charitable, and academic work, Johnston was in 1988 appointed to the Order of Canada as an Officer and he has also published numerous books on law, chapters in other volumes, magazine articles, and aided in writing legislation. And sat as the co-chair of the Montreal No Committee during the 1995 Quebec referendum on independence, at the time, Harper said of Johnston that he represents the best of Canada, he represents hard work, dedication, public service and humility. I am confident he will continue to embody these traits in his new role as the Crown representative in Canada. Johnston himself said in a conference that he and his wife had always been dedicated to service and vowed to, while in office, defend Canadian heritage. Also on the short list were other distinguished Canadians, including John de Chastelain, the appointment was widely praised, its announcement garnering positive words from individuals like former University of Toronto president Robert Prichard and columnist Andrew Coyne. Opposition Leader Michael Ignatieff stated, David Johnston’s dedication to learning, combined with his legal expertise and constitutional knowledge makes him an ideal choice for Governor General
4.
Julie Payette
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Julie Payette, OC, CQ is a Canadian astronaut, engineer and administrator. Payette has completed two spaceflights, STS-96 and STS-127, logging more than 25 days in space and she served as Chief Astronaut for the CSA, and has served in other roles for both NASA and CSA, such as CAPCOM. In July 2013, Julie Payette was named Chief Operating Officer for the Montreal Science Centre in the Old Port of Montreal, in April 2014, she was appointed a Director of the National Bank of Canada. Payette was born in Montreal, Quebec and she attended elementary and secondary schools in Montreal. She also attended Collège Regina Assumpta for three years, in 1982 she completed an International Baccalaureate diploma at the United World College of the Atlantic in South Wales, United Kingdom. Between 1986 and 1988, Payette worked as an engineer for IBM Canadas Science Engineering division. From 1988 to 1990, as a student at the University of Toronto, she was involved in a high-performance computer architecture project. At the beginning of 1991, Payette joined the Communications and science department of the IBM Research Laboratory in Zürich, Switzerland, Payette was selected by the CSA as one of four astronauts from a field of 5,330 applicants in June 1992. After undergoing basic training in Canada, she worked as an advisor for the Mobile Servicing System. In preparation for an assignment, Payette obtained her commercial pilot licence. In April 1996, Payette was certified as a deep sea diving suit operator. Payette obtained her captaincy on the CT-114 Tutor military jet at Canadian Forces Base Moose Jaw and she obtained her military instrument rating in 1997. Payette has logged more than 1,500 hours of flight time, Payette reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1996 to begin mission specialist training. After completing one year of training, she was assigned to work on issues for the Astronaut Office Robotics Branch. Payette completed the astronaut training in spring of 1998. Payette served as Chief Astronaut for the Canadian Space Agency from 2000 to 2007 and she also worked as CAPCOM at the Mission Control Center in Houston for several years, including the return to flight mission STS-114. She was lead CAPCOM during STS-121, Payette flew on Space Shuttle Discovery from May 27 to June 6,1999, as part of the crew of STS-96. During the mission, the performed the first manual docking of the Shuttle to the International Space Station
5.
Robert Ghiz
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Robert Watson Joseph Ghiz, is a Canadian politician was the 31st Premier of Prince Edward Island from 2007 to 2015. He is the son of former Premier Joe Ghiz, on November 13,2014 Ghiz announced he would be resigning as Premier in early 2015 as soon as the Liberal Party elected a new leader. Ghiz was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island and he served in the Canadian Forces Primary Reserves, while attending high school in the early 1990s. He attended Bishops University where he earned a Bachelors degree in political science, Ghiz moved to Ottawa following his fathers death from cancer, where he worked as a political aide for Deputy Prime Minister Sheila Copps before joining the Bank of Nova Scotia in 1998. In 2001 Ghiz joined the office of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien where he served as Atlantic Canada advisor before leaving to run for leader of the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party in 2003. The MLA for Charlottetown-Rochford Square served as Leader of the Official Opposition in the legislature from 2003-2007. Ghiz faced a controversy during the lead-up to the 2007 provincial election when he intervened in the procedure in a rural electoral district northeast of Charlottetown. Ghiz refused to sign his partys nominating papers for the candidate who had made a controversial speech endorsing patronage. Ghiz led his party to power in the election held on May 28,2007. Ghiz won 23 of the 27 seats, reversing the standings in the legislature at the time of dissolution, Ghiz and his 11-member cabinet were sworn in on June 12,2007. A 24th member was elected in October in a by-election held after the resignation of Pat Binns, Ghizs election resulted in the second time in the history of Prince Edward Island that a father-son team both became premier, the other pair being Thane Campbell and Alexander B. On October 3,2011 the Ghiz Liberals were elected to a second term, the PEI Progressive Conservative party under the leadership of Olive Crane won the remaining 5 seats. Following the 2011 provincial election Ghiz announced that he would find a position for Allan Campbell. Campbell was later appointed Chief of Staff in the Premiers Office, Ghiz resigned as Premier of Prince Edward Island on February 23,2015. He was succeeded by the new Liberal Party leader, Wade MacLauchlan and he resigned his seat in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island the next day. In June 2016, Ghiz joined the law firm Gowling WLG in a business advisory role
6.
Monarchy in Prince Edward Island
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By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, the Canadian monarchy operates in Prince Edward Island as the core of the provinces Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. It is thus the foundation of the executive, legislative, the Crown today primarily functions as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power. This arrangement began with an 1873 Order in Council by Queen Victoria, however, though Prince Edward Island has a separate government headed by the Queen, as a province, Prince Edward Island is not itself a kingdom. Examples include the Central Agricultural Society, which was under the patronage of Albert, the main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign herself, her image thus being used to signify government authority. A royal cypher or crown may also illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, george initially denied Egmonts request, but, after Edgemont again presented his petition in 1767, the King this time approved. On 19 July 1769, Saint John Island was separated from the jurisdiction of Nova Scotia, recognising the Princes interest in the island, its legislature passed a bill on 1 February 1799 that changed the colonys name in honour of Edward. By 1843 construction of Province House was begun, and the laying of the cornerstone was followed by a Royal Salute and three cheers for Queen Victoria. Not four years later, the Legislative Assembly adopted an address to the Queen, asking for the establishment of government in the colony. Queen Elizabeth II attended the 100th anniversary of Prince Edward Islands entry into Confederation, symbols of Prince Edward Island Monarchy Prince Edward visits his island. Royal couple wraps up trip to Prince Edward Island
7.
Prince Edward Island
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Prince Edward Island is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name, as well as several much smaller islands. It is one of the three Maritime Provinces and is the smallest province in land area and population. It is the only jurisdiction of North America outside the Caribbean to have no mainland territory. The backbone of the economy is farming, it produces 25% of Canadas potatoes, historically, PEI is one of Canadas older settlements and demographically still reflects older immigration to the country, with Celtic, Anglo-Saxon and French surnames being dominant to this day. According to the 2011 census, the province of Prince Edward Island has 140,204 residents and it is located about 200 kilometres north of Halifax, Nova Scotia and 600 kilometres east of Quebec City. It consists of the island and 231 minor islands. Altogether, the province has a land area of 5,685.73 km2. The main island is 5,620 km2 in size, slightly larger than the U. S. state of Delaware and it is the 104th-largest island in the world and Canadas 23rd-largest island. The island is named for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the son of King George III. Prince Edward has been called Father of the Canadian Crown, Prince Edward Island is located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, west of Cape Breton Island, north of the Nova Scotia peninsula, and east of New Brunswick. Its southern shore bounds the Northumberland Strait, the island has two urban areas. A much smaller urban area surrounds Summerside Harbour, situated on the southern shore 40 km west of Charlottetown Harbour, as with all natural harbours on the island, Charlottetown and Summerside harbours are created by rias. Rolling hills, woods, reddish white sand beaches, ocean coves, under the Planning Act of the province, municipalities have the option to assume responsibility for land-use planning through the development and adoption of official plans and land use bylaws. Thirty-one municipalities have taken responsibility for planning, in areas where municipalities have not assumed responsibility for planning, the Province remains responsible for development control. The islands lush landscape has a bearing on its economy. The author Lucy Maud Montgomery drew inspiration from the land during the late Victorian Era for the setting of her classic novel Anne of Green Gables, today, many of the same qualities that Montgomery and others found in the island are enjoyed by tourists who visit year-round. The smaller, rural communities as well as the towns and villages throughout the province, retain a slower-paced, Prince Edward Island has become popular as a tourist destination for relaxation. The economy of most rural communities on the island is based on small-scale agriculture, industrial farming has increased as businesses buy and consolidate older farm properties
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Queens County, Prince Edward Island
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Queens County is located in central Prince Edward Island, Canada. The county is divided by the Hillsborough Rivers estuary, a tidal inlet which almost splits the county. It is the richest and most populous county in the province of Prince Edward Island, topography ranges from relatively flat to rolling hills in the central hill lands known as the Bonshaw Hills. The county was named by Captain Samuel Holland in 1765 for Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, as such, Queens Countys county seat is Charlottetown, which was also chosen as the colonial capital because of its central location
9.
Charlottetown
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Charlottetown is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of the United Kingdom, from this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis – Birthplace of Confederation. The population of Charlottetown in the 2011 census was 34,562, this forms the centre of an agglomeration of 64,487. This settlement was led by Michel Haché-Gallant, who used his sloop to ferry Acadian settlers from Louisbourg, during King Georges War, the British had taken over the Island. French officer Ramezay sent 500 men to attack the British troops in the Battle at Port-la-Joye, the French were successful in killing or capturing forty British troops. British forces built Fort Amherst near the site of the abandoned Port La Joye settlement to protect the entrance to the harbour, Charlottetown was selected as the site for the county seat of Queens County in the colonial survey of 1764 by Captain Samuel Holland of the Royal Engineers. A year later, Charlottetown was made the capital of St. Johns Island. Further surveys conducted between 1768–1771 established the grid and public squares which can be seen in the citys historic district. The town was named in honour of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of the United Kingdom as the wife of King George III, on November 17,1775, the colonys new capital was ransacked by Massachusetts-based privateers, participants in the American Revolutionary War. During the attack, the seal was stolen and several prisoners, including Phillips Callbeck and Thomas Wright, were taken to Cambridge, Massachusetts. On November 29,1798, St. Johns Island was renamed to Prince Edward Island in honour of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn who was the Commander-in-Chief, North America. In 1805, the local British garrison constructed a harbour defence called Fort Edward to the west of the capitals waterfront, in 1835, Government House was constructed at Fanning Bank as a residence for the colonys Governor. Today, it serves as the residence for the Lieutenant Governor. Between 1843 and 1847, a new building was constructed in the community. Named the Colonial Building originally, following Confederation with Canada it gradually became known as Province House, on April 17,1855, Charlottetown was incorporated as a city, holding its first council meeting on August 11 of that year. The community had 6,500 residents at the time of incorporation, between September 1–8,1864, Charlottetown hosted what is now termed the Charlottetown Conference. Although many of the meetings and negotiations which would lead to Canadian Confederation were held in Province House, Prince Edward Island entered Confederation on July 1,1873. Aside from being the seat of government, the community came to be noted during the early nineteenth century for shipbuilding
10.
Newcap Radio
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Newfoundland Capital Corporation Ltd. is a Canadian broadcasting company, majority-owned by Harold R. Steele. Newfoundland Capital is the parent company of Newcap Inc and it is the number two private-sector radio broadcaster in Canada, just behind Bell Media Radio. It operates 95 stations across Canada, the group also owns two Newcap Television stations, both in Lloydminster on the Alberta/Saskatchewan border. The groups Newfoundland and Labrador division, known as Steele Communications, includes all, on November 6,2004, the company launched the Canadian Hit 30 Countdown, which, for about six years, was Canadas only nationally syndicated contemporary hit radio hit countdown. Newcap is also a sponsor of Canadas Aboriginal Voices radio network. In the past, Newfoundland Capital acted as a conglomerate with interests in industries such as newspapers. The Steele family also has holdings in other industries which are entirely outside of the Newcap corporate umbrella. In July 2008, Newcap announced a deal to trade CFDR in Halifax to Rogers Media in exchange for CIGM in Sudbury, both companies successfully applied to move the stations to FM as part of the trade. Newcap flipped CIGM Sudbury to FM on August 25,2009, and Rogers flipped CFDR Halifax to FM on August 7,2009. On July 28,2008, Newcap Inc. announced that it had a deal to acquire 12 stations in Ontario from Haliburton Broadcasting Group, subject to CRTC approval. The companys application to acquire the Haliburton stations was formally published by the CRTC on November 13,2008, CEO Rob Steele indicated that in light of the credit market crisis, the company did not feel that it was the right time to increase its debt load. In May 2011, Newcap announced that it was selling its two stations in Winnipeg, CKJS and CHNK-FM, to Evanov Communications, the sale was approved on October 24,2011 and these stations are predominantly in Alberta, except for two stations in British Columbia. The company announced in May 2013 it was no longer planning to sell its assets in Western Canada. If such a sale had occurred, Newcap suggested that the proceeds might be used to fund acquisitions closer to base in Atlantic Canada, pay down debt. On August 26,2013, Newcap Radio announced it would acquire five former Astral Media radio stations in Toronto and Vancouver, CHBM-FM, CFXJ-FM, CKZZ-FM, CHHR-FM, the deal was made in the wake of Bell Medias attempt to acquire the company. The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 19,2014, the following list is based on the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commissions media ownership charts as of January 26,2013. If approved the new station will operate on 97.1 MHz, Newcap Radio Newcap Television Newcap Inc. at the Canadian Communications Foundation website
11.
Governor General of Canada
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The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The commission is for a period of time—known as serving at Her Majestys pleasure—though five years is the normal convention. Beginning in 1959, it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone incumbents, once in office, the governor general maintains direct contact with the Queen, wherever she may be at the time. The office began in the 16th and 17th centuries with the Crown-appointed governors of the French colony of Canada followed by the British governors of Canada in the 18th and 19th centuries, subsequently, the office is, along with the Crown, the oldest continuous institution in Canada. Throughout this process of gradually increasing Canadian independence, the role of governor general took on additional responsibilities, finally, in 1947, King George VI issued letters patent allowing the viceroy to carry out almost all of the monarchs powers on his or her behalf. The current governor general is David Johnston, who has served since 1 October 2010, johnstons wife—who is thus the viceregal consort—is Sharon Johnston. The Government of Canada spells the title governor general without a hyphen, the Canadian media still often use the governor-general spelling. As governor is the noun in the title, it is pluralized, thus, governors general, moreover, both terms are capitalized when used in the formal title preceding an incumbents name. The position of general is mandated by both the Constitution Act,1867, and the letters patent issued in 1947 by King George VI. As such, on the recommendation of his or her Canadian prime minister and that individual is, from then until being sworn-in, referred to as the governor general-designate. Besides the administration of the oaths of office, there is no set formula for the swearing-in of a governor general-designate, the governor general will then give a speech, outlining whichever cause or causes he or she will champion during his or her time as viceroy. The incumbent will generally serve for at least five years, though this is only a convention. The prime minister may recommend to the Queen that the viceroy remain in her service for a longer period of time. A governor general may also resign, and two have died in office, the sovereign has unrestricted freedom of choice. We leave that to Her Majesty in all confidence, however, between 1867 and 1931, governors general were appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British Cabinet. Thereafter, in accordance with the Statute of Westminster 1931, the appointment was made by the sovereign with the direction of his or her Canadian ministers only. Until 1952, all governors general were also members of the Peerage or sons of peers. These viceroys spent a limited time in Canada, but their travel schedules were so extensive that they could learn more about Canada in five years than many Canadians in a lifetime
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Prime Minister of Canada
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Canadian prime ministers are styled as The Right Honourable, a privilege maintained for life. The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions, the prime minister, along with the other ministers in cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch. There are no age or citizenship restrictions on the position of prime minister itself, while there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be a member of parliament, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly. However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of Commons have been appointed to the position of prime minister, two former prime ministers—Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell—served in the 1890s while members of the Senate. Both, in their roles as Government Leader in the Senate, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office—John A. Macdonald in 1891 and that convention has since evolved toward the appointment of an interim leader from the commons in such a scenario. Prime ministers who are not Members of Parliament upon their appointment have since been expected to seek election to the commons as soon as possible. For example, William Lyon Mackenzie King, after losing his seat in the 1925 federal election, Turner was the last serving prime minister to not hold a commons seat. The Canadian prime minister serves at Her Majestys pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term, once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies. Following parliamentary dissolution, the prime minister must run in the general election if he or she wishes to maintain a seat in the House of Commons. Should the prime ministers party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of Commons, if, however, an opposition party wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or be dismissed by the governor general. This option was last entertained in 1925, however, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Caucuses may choose to follow rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote. Either the sovereign or his or her viceroy may therefore oppose the prime ministers will in extreme, for transportation, the prime minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft—a CC-150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the prime minister, all of the aforementioned is supplied by the Queen-in-Council through budgets approved by parliament, as is the prime ministers annual salary of CAD$170,400. Should a serving or former prime minister die, he or she is accorded a state funeral, John Thompson also died outside Canada, at Windsor Castle, where Queen Victoria permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in Halifax. In earlier years, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a knighthood on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix Sir before their name, of the first eight premiers of Canada, the Canadian Heraldic Authority has granted former prime ministers an augmentation of honour on the personal coat of arms of those who pursued them. To date, former prime ministers Joe Clark, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney, the written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title, The Right Honourable, Prime Minister of Canada
13.
Stephen Harper
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Stephen Joseph Harper PC is a Canadian entrepreneur and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6,2006 to November 4,2015. He was the first prime minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party, Harper was member of parliament for the riding of Calgary Heritage in Alberta from 2002 to 2016. Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the MP for Calgary West and he was one of the founding members of the Reform Party, but did not seek re-election in the 1997 federal election. Harper instead joined and later led the National Citizens Coalition, a conservative lobbyist group, in 2002, he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance, the successor to the Reform Party and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition. In 2003, he reached an agreement with Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada and he was elected as the partys first leader, in March 2004. Harper stepped down as MP on August 26,2016, the 2006 federal election resulted in a minority government led by the Conservative Party with Harper becoming the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada. By proportion of seats, this was Canadas smallest minority government since Confederation, despite this, it was the longest-serving minority government overall. The 40th Canadian Parliament was dissolved in March,2011, after a vote that deemed the Cabinet to be in contempt of parliament. Harper resigned as party leader on October 19,2015, Harper moved back to Calgary, Alberta, and commuted to Ottawa as an opposition backbench member of parliament. Harper was born and raised in Leaside, Toronto, the first of three sons of Margaret and Joseph Harris Harper, an accountant at Imperial Oil. Harper attended Northlea Public School and, later, John G. Althouse Middle School and Richview Collegiate Institute and he graduated in 1978, and was a member of Richview Collegiates team on Reach for the Top, a television quiz show for Canadian high school students. Harper enrolled at the University of Toronto but dropped out two months. He then moved to Edmonton, Alberta, where he work in the mail room at Imperial Oil. Later, he advanced to work on the computer systems. He took up post-secondary studies again at the University of Calgary and he later returned there to earn a masters degree in economics, completed in 1991. Harper has kept strong links to the University of Calgary, Harper was the first prime minister since Joe Clark without a law degree. Harper became involved in politics as a member of his high schools Young Liberals Club and he later changed his political allegiance because he disagreed with the National Energy Program of Pierre Trudeaus Liberal government. He left the PC Party that same year and he was then recommended by the University of Calgarys economist Bob Mansell to Preston Manning, the founder and leader of the Reform Party of Canada
14.
Province House (Prince Edward Island)
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Province House is where the Prince Edward Island Legislature, known as the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, has met since 1847. The building is located at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown, the cornerstone was laid in May 1843 and it commenced operation for the first time in January 1847. The entire structure was built for a cost of £10,000 and was designed by Isaac Smith, Smith was a self-trained architect from Yorkshire, who also designed the residence of the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island. It was built by Island craftsmen during a time of prosperity for the colony and its architectural lines include Greek and Roman influences, common to public buildings in North America built during this era. From September 1–7,1864, Province House had an important role in helping Prince Edward Island host the Charlottetown Conference which resulted in Canadian Confederation. In 1973, Parks Canada approached the government of Prince Edward Island with a proposal for joint management, under the ensuing agreement, both parties agreed to a 99-year period of joint management. Parks Canada paid for a $3.5 million restoration from 1979–1983 which involved part of the building being restored to the 1864 period, the provincial legislature occupies one end of the building, whereas the restored Confederation Chamber displays the room where the Charlottetown Conference meetings occurred. On April 20,1995, a pipe bomb exploded beneath a wooden wheelchair ramp on the north side of Province House, destroying glass in windows. Several passersby were injured and the explosion occurred only five minutes after a class of school children on a tour of the building had passed through the area. The bombing occurred only one day after the Oklahoma City bombing and is considered to be a copycat action, responsibility was claimed by a group calling itself Loki 7, however, a subsequent police investigation and criminal court case blamed a single individual, Roger Charles Bell. In 2015, Province House was closed for repairs and conservation work, the legislature moved to the adjacent Hon. George Coles Building, where it is expected to remain for several years. Province House was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1973 and it is one of only three provincial legislative buildings, along with Province House in Halifax and the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina, to be so designated. Province House is also designated under the provincial Heritage Places Protection Act, visitors can tour the 1860s period rooms, which include displays about the Charlottetown Conference, the building and the Provincial Legislative Assembly. An audio-visual presentation about the Conference is available, titled A Great Dream, Province House National Historic Site of Canada - official website
