1.
Frasier Crane
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Frasier Winslow Crane is a fictional character on the American television sitcoms Cheers and Frasier, portrayed by Kelsey Grammer. Grammer received award recognitions for portraying this character in two shows, in addition to a 1992 one-time appearance in Wings. The character debuts in the Cheers third season premiere, Rebound, as Diane Chamberss love interest, part of the Sam and Diane story arc. Intended to appear for only a few episodes, Grammers performance for the role was praised by producers, prompting them to expand his role, later in Cheers, Frasier is married to Lilith Sternin with a son, Frederick, and resides in Boston. After Cheers ended, the moved to his spin-off series Frasier. In the series finale, he is supposed to depart to San Francisco for his talk show, but instead he goes to Chicago. Also Dianes fiancé throughout the season, he and Diane are supposed to wed in Italy in Rescue Me. However, in Birth, Death, Love, and Rice, a despondent Frasier loses his license and his job. Later in season four, he begins to regularly attend Cheers for drinks, in The Triangle, Sam feigns symptoms of depression, planned by Diane, to help Frasier recover from alcoholism and regain his own self-confidence. This leads Frasier to conclude that Sams symptoms indicate his love for Diane, however, upon arrival Frasier sees Sam and Diane arguing in the bar office, Sam admits the whole plan. Furious, Frasier declares himself to be sober, refuses to be a part of their relationship, as his role is expanded, Frasier becomes romantically involved with a stereotypical intelligent, ice queen Lilith Sternin. Their first date in Second Time Around does not go well, they exchange insults toward each other until she leaves the bar, in Abnormal Psychology, Frasier and Lilith feel mutual attraction after Diane gives Lilith a makeover. At first reluctant to start anew, they decide to go on another date. They live together for a year before being married one month before Our Hourly Bread as revealed in the episode, in One Hugs, the Other Doesnt, Frasier is revealed to have been previously married to Nanette Guzman, now known as the popular childrens entertainer Nanny G. When Nanette sings a song implying her possible feelings for Frasier, in Teaching with the Enemy, Lilith admits her affair with another man Dr. Louis Pascal, dooming their marriage. In Is There a Doctor in the Howe, There, Lilith reveals that the eco-pod experiment with Pascal was a disaster—Pascal turned out to be claustrophobic among other mental problems—and she abandoned the project to return to Boston. Frasier, Rebecca, and eventually Pascal converge on Cheers in pursuit of Lilith, Pascal, armed with a pistol, demands Lilith return to him, threatening to shoot Frasier and the others. Lilith demands that he shoot her first, which causes him to back down, although Frasier initially refuses to take Lilith back after all this, her pathetic sobbing wins him over, suggesting a reconciliation can occur
2.
Space Needle
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The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest, and an icon of Seattle. It was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 Worlds Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors, once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is 605 ft high,138 ft wide, and weighs 9,550 tons. It is built to withstand winds of up to 200 miles per hour and earthquakes of up to 9.1 magnitude and it also has 25 lightning rods. It has a deck at 520 ft and the rotating SkyCity restaurant at 500 ft. The downtown Seattle skyline, as well as the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay, photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above skyscrapers and Mount Rainier. Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 10 miles per hour, on windy days, the elevators slow to 5 miles per hour. On April 19,1999, the citys Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark, the architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward E. Carlsons sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground, victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower. The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph, the Mw 6.8 Nisqually earthquake jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms. The Space Needle will not sustain structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9. Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 inch per 10 mph of wind speed. For decades, the disk of the Space Needle was home to two restaurants 500 ft above the ground, the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle. These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine. It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes, in 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions. The new elevators descend at a rate of 10 miles per hour, on December 31,1999, a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time. Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle. The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 Worlds Fair poster and it is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates. Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year
3.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
4.
David Angell
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David Lawrence Angell was an American producer of sitcoms. Angell won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer, along with Peter Casey and David Lee, Angell and his wife Lynn both died heading home from their vacation in Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11. This was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, Angell was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Henry and Mae Angell. He received a degree in English Literature from Providence College. He married Lynn Angell on August 14,1971, soon after Angell entered the U. S. Army upon graduation and served at the Pentagon until 1972. He then moved to Boston and worked as a methods analyst at an engineering company and his brother, the late Most Rev. Kenneth Angell, was a Roman Catholic prelate and former Bishop of Burlington, Angell moved to Los Angeles in 1977. His first script was sold to the producers of the Annie Flynn series, five years later, he sold his second script to Archie Bunkers Place. In 1983, he joined Cheers as a staff writer, in 1985, Angell joined forces with Peter Casey and David Lee as Cheers supervising producers/writers. After working together as producers on Cheers, Angell, Casey, in 1990, they created and executive-produced the comedy series Wings. The episode was first broadcast on May 27,1997,4 years and 3 months later, Angell, in 2004, The Angell Foundation of Los Angeles, California awarded Providence College a gift of $2 million for the Smith Center for the Arts. Season 9, Episode 2, of Frasier, airing on September 25,2001, ended with the tribute, In loving memory of our friends Lynn. Season 11, Episode 24 Goodnight, Seattle, the finale which aired May 13,2004. At the National 9/11 Memorial, Angell and his wife are memorialized at the North Pool, on Panel N-1, David Angell at the Internet Movie Database
5.
Kelsey Grammer
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Allen Kelsey Grammer is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, producer, director, writer, singer, and activist. Grammer is known for his portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcoms Cheers. Grammer has been married four times and has seven children, Grammer was two years old when his parents divorced. Grammer attended Pine Crest School, a preparatory school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. After leaving Juilliard, he had an internship with the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in the late 1970s before a stint in 1980 at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. He made his Broadway debut in 1981 as Lennox in Macbeth, Grammer then played Michael Cassio in a Broadway revival of Othello, with James Earl Jones and Christopher Plummer. In 1983 he performed on the demo of the Stephen Sondheim–James Lapine production Sunday in the Park with George, in 2000, Grammer again played Macbeth on Broadway, in a production that closed after only 10 days. Grammer originated the roles of Charles Frohman and Captain Hook in the Broadway premiere of the musical Finding Neverland in March 2015 and he returned to the stage from January 19,2016, to April 3. His television career began in the early 1980s when he portrayed Stephen Smith in the NBC miniseries Kennedy, Grammer came to broader public attention as Dr. Frasier Crane in the NBC sitcom Cheers. The character became the center of the spin-off Frasier, one of the most successful spin-offs in TV history. In addition to starring, he directed more than 30 episodes, especially during the second half of the series. Frasier was nominated for and won awards during its 11-year run. In 2001, he negotiated a US$700, 000-per-episode salary for Frasier and his 20-year run playing Dr. Frasier Crane ties a length set by James Arness in playing Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke from 1955 to 1975 but was surpassed by Richard Belzer in playing Det. John Munch on Homicide, Life on the Street and Law & Order, Frasier Crane also had a crossover appearance in 1993 Wings episode Planes, Trains, & Visiting Cranes. In 2005, Grammer returned to television and he produced and appeared in an American adaptation of the British show The Sketch Show, which aired on Fox. The main cast consisted of Malcolm Barrett, Kaitlin Olson, Mary Lynn Rajskub and Paul F. Tompkins, Grammer appeared in only short opening and closing segments in each episode. Many of the sketches from the British version were re-created, such as the California Dreamin, English Course, only six episodes of the show were made, and it was canceled after only four of them had aired. In 2007, Grammer starred with Patricia Heaton in the American sitcom Back to You and it was canceled by Fox after its first season
6.
Jane Leeves
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Jane Leeves is an English actress, model, producer, comedian, singer, and dancer. She is best known for playing Daphne Moon on the television sitcom Frasier from 1993 until 2004, for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards and she is also known for her role as Joy Scroggs on TV Lands sitcom Hot in Cleveland. Leeves made her debut with a small role in 1983 on British comedy television show The Benny Hill Show. She moved to the United States, where she performed in small roles, from 1986–1988, she garnered her first leading role in the short-lived sitcom Throb, and then secured a recurring part in the television sitcom Murphy Brown. She received further recognition for roles in such as Miracle on 34th Street, James and the Giant Peach, Music of the Heart. Leeves was born in Ilford, Essex before moving to Crawley, West Sussex and then East Grinstead and she trained as a ballet dancer at the Bush Davies School of Dance and worked as a model until she made her first film appearance in Monty Pythons The Meaning of Life. She abandoned the possibility of a career in ballet due to an ankle injury and she became somewhat visible as the flighty record company employee, Blue, on the syndicated sitcom Throb. She had a role in the television series Murphy Brown which provided her first period of success, playing Audrey. Leeves also appeared as the troublesome Marla the Virgin in four episodes of Seinfeld, The Virgin, The Contest, The Pilot. During this period Leeves was cast as Holly for the pilot of the U. S. version of the science-fiction comedy Red Dwarf and she also had a role as a lesbian in the 1985 film To Live and Die in L. A. In 1993, Leeves joined the cast of the television series Frasier and she played the eccentric, forthright, and allegedly psychic Mancunian Daphne Moon. By the start of the season, Leeves was pregnant. Appearing less frequently in cinema, Leeves lent her voice and singing voice to the animated film James. In 2002, she appeared in the Broadway musical Cabaret, in 2004, she hosted an episode of the British television comedy quiz show Have I Got News for You. Her 2006 show, The WBs sitcom Misconceptions, went unaired, Leeves provides guest vocals in The Penguins of Madagascar as Lulu, a female chimp, with whom Phil falls in love. With Peri Gilpin, Leeves also set up the production company Bristol Cities and their latest project was in 2007 a pilot for a US remake of the British sitcom The Vicar of Dibley, with Kirstie Alley in the title role. In 2010, Leeves was a guest star in two episodes in ABCs Desperate Housewives as Lynette and Toms therapist, Dr. Graham. From 2010 until 2015, she played the fortysomething ex eyebrow artist to the stars Joy Scroggs in the TV Land comedy, Hot in Cleveland, with Valerie Bertinelli, Wendie Malick, and Betty White
7.
David Hyde Pierce
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David Hyde Pierce is an American actor, director, and comedian. Pierce also has appeared on and directed for the stage and he won the 2007 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical for his performance in the musical Curtains. He also played Dr. Jones in When We Rise. Pierce was born David Pierce in Saratoga Springs and his father, George Hyde Pierce, was an aspiring actor, and his mother, Laura Marie, was an insurance agent. He added his middle name Hyde to avoid confusion with another actor named David Pierce, as a child, Pierce frequently played organ at the local Bethesda Episcopal Church. While attending Yale, Pierce performed in and directed student productions and he also directed the Gilbert & Sullivan Societys operetta Princess Ida. Among other roles Pierce played at Yale were in Waiting for Godot, Saint Joan, during this period he played Laertes in a popular off-Broadway production of Hamlet and made his Broadway debut in 1982 in Christopher Durangs Beyond Therapy. Pierces first big break came in the early 1990s with Norman Lears political comedy, The Powers That Be, in which Pierce played Theodore. Despite positive reviews critics, the show was canceled after a brief run. In part due to his physical resemblance to Kelsey Grammer. For his work on Frasier, Pierce was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Emmy a record eleven consecutive years, Pierce also appeared alongside Jodie Foster in Little Man Tate, with Anthony Hopkins in Oliver Stones Nixon, and with Ewan McGregor in Down With Love. He provided the voice for Doctor Doppler in Disneys 42nd animated feature, Treasure Planet, Slim, in 2001, he starred in the cult 1980s summer camp comedy Wet Hot American Summer as the befuddled astrophysicist, Prof. Henry Newman. In his role in Sleepless in Seattle, Pierce played the brother of Meg Ryans character, the movie was released just three months before the start of Frasier. In 2005, Pierce joined Tim Curry and others in the production of Spamalot. In August and September 2006, he starred as Lieutenant Frank Cioffi in Curtains, a new Kander and Ebb musical staged at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles. In March 2007, Curtains opened on Broadway and on June 10,2007, in his acceptance speech, Pierce said the first words he spoke on a Broadway stage were, Im sorry, Im going to have to ask you to leave. On November 19,2007, Pierce was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts Degree from Niagara University in Lewiston, in 1999 he was awarded an Honorary Degree from Skidmore College, located in his native Saratoga Springs. In 2010, Pierce appeared in a revival of David Hirsons play La Bête directed by Matthew Warchus, the production debuted on Londons West End before moving to New York. In 2015 he directed the Manhattan Theater Club production of David Lindsay-Abaires play Ripcord Off-Broadway at City Center, Pierce appears in the Off-Broadway limited engagement of A Life by Adam Bock
8.
John Mahoney
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John Mahoney is a British-American actor. Born in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, Mahoney started his career on the stage in 1977 as the double for Steve McQueen. He played Martin Crane in the American sitcom Frasier on NBC from 1993 to 2004 and he has also worked as a voice actor, and performed on Broadway and in Chicago theatre. Mahoney, the seventh of eight children, was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, the family was evacuated to Blackpool from the Mahoneys home city of Manchester, when it was heavily bombed during the Second World War. He started school at St Josephs College, Blackpool, after the war, the Mahoneys moved back to Manchester. Mahoney grew up in the Withington area of the city and discovered acting at the Stretford Childrens Theatre and his Irish father, Reg, was a baker who played classical piano, and his mother, Margaret, was a housewife who loved reading. His parents marriage was not happy and they either would not speak to other or have heated arguments. The family situation combined with the war fueled Mahoneys interest in acting, Mahoney moved to the United States as a young man when his older sister, Vera, a war bride living in rural Illinois, agreed to sponsor him. He studied at Quincy University, Illinois, before joining the United States Army to speed up the U. S. citizenship process, he received citizenship in 1959. He lived in Macomb, Illinois, and taught English at Western Illinois University in the early 1970s, before settling in Forest Park, Illinois and he served as editor of a medical journal through much of the decade. He did so and went on to win the Clarence Derwent Award as Most Promising Male Newcomer and he won Broadways Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in John Guares The House of Blue Leaves. Mahoneys first major role was in the 1987 Barry Levinson film Tin Men. He went on to have prominent roles in a number of acclaimed films throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, including Eight Men Out, in the Line of Fire, Reality Bites, and The American President. He has appeared in two Coen brothers films, Barton Fink and The Hudsucker Proxy, Mahoney appeared in Frasier from its inception in 1993 until the final episode in 2004, Mahoney received two Emmy nominations and two Golden Globe nominations for this role. He played the role of Martin Marty Crane, the father of Frasier Crane, NBC executives so highly esteemed Mahoney that Warren Littlefield declared he was pre-approved when the Frasier creative team suggested casting him as the father. Prior to appearing on the series, Mahoney appeared in episode 5 season 11 of Cheers as inept jingle writer Sy Flembeck and has a conversation with Frasier Crane. Mahoney also appeared as a priest in Becker which starred Cheers star Ted Danson, Mahoneys first voice job was in W. B. Yeats The Words upon the Window-Pane for the award-winning National Radio Theater of Chicago, in 2007, he provided the voice of Dr. Robert Terwilliger Sr. in The Simpsons episode Funeral for a Fiend
9.
Dan Butler
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Daniel Eugene Dan Butler is an American actor known for his role as Bob Bulldog Briscoe on the TV series Frasier. Butler was born in Huntington, Indiana, and raised in Fort Wayne, the son of Shirley, a housewife, and Andrew Butler, while a drama student at Indiana University in 1975, he received the Irene Ryan Acting Scholarship, sponsored by the Kennedy Center. He came out to his family when he was in his early 20s and he wrote a one-man show, The Only Thing Worse You Could Have Told Me, which played in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and off-Broadway in New York and was Butlers public coming out. The play had ten characters just processing what gay means, Butler performed the show at the same time as he played the macho, chauvinist, woman chasing Bulldog Briscoe on Frasier in 1994. The performance was nominated for the 1995 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show, Butler is married to producer Richard Waterhouse. Roseanne as Art Frasier as Robert Bulldog Briscoe Caroline in the City as Kenneth Arabian Hey Arnold, - Voice of Mr. Star Trek, Voyager Just Shoot Me
10.
Christopher Lloyd (screenwriter)
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Christopher Lloyd is an American TV screenwriter and producer. Lloyd is co-executive producer and co-creator of the TV series Modern Family, prior to that, Lloyd had an extensive career on many series, including Frasier. He has won 12 Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on Frasier, Lloyd began screenwriting with the first four seasons of The Golden Girls. From there he moved on to the comedy Wings, and then to Frasier, while he was executive producer, Frasier won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for five consecutive years. Lloyd left Frasier after its first seven seasons, returning to helm its final season and he moved on to such series as Out of Practice, Back To You and Modern Family, which also won winning Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for five consecutive years. As a screenwriter, his work include the feature film Flushed Away. Lloyd is the son of Arline and sitcom writer David Lloyd, since 1995, he has been married to actress and voiceover performer Arleen Sorkin, with whom he has two sons, Eli and Owen. He is a graduate of Yale University
11.
Dan O'Shannon
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Dan OShannon is an American television writer and producer who has worked on shows such as Newhart, Cheers, and Frasier. He was a producer of the ABC show Modern Family. He grew up in Euclid and Painesville, Ohio, graduating from Riverside High School in Painesville Township, aside from television writing, he is the author of two books, The Adventures of Mrs. Jesus, published by Harper-Collins and What Are You Laughing At. A Comprehensive Guide to the Comedic Event, published by Continuum International Publishing Group in 2012, OShannon has won six Emmy awards for his TV work over the past 25+ years. He has earned five awards and five nominations for Modern Family and he has received five Writers Guild of America Awards awards including three for Modern Family, one for Frasier, and one for a special television event, Time-Warner Presents the Earth Day Special. He has received several Golden Globe Awards OShannon received an Academy Award writing nomination for Redux Riding Hood and that short film was nominated for an Annie Award. He wrote and produced The Fan and the Flower, a short which received an Annie Award. Prior to joining the staff of Modern Family, he worked as a co-executive writer/producer for Better Off Ted. He may be best-known as a producer of Frasier, he also wrote/co-wrote seven episodes for that series. He was a writer/co-writer of 18 episodes, a story editor for season 8, a co-producer for season 9, a co-exec producer for season 10. He is the author of the comic book The Adventures of Mrs. Jesus, dan OShannon at the Internet Movie Database
12.
Multiple-camera setup
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The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production. Several cameras—either film or professional video cameras—are employed on the set and it is often contrasted with single-camera setup, which uses one camera. In this way, multiple shots are obtained in a single take without having to start and this is more efficient for programs that are to be shown a short time after being shot as it reduces the time spent film editing or video editing the footage. It is also a necessity for regular, high-output shows like daily soap operas. It also reduces the complexity of tracking continuity issues that crop up when the scene is reshot from the different angles and it is an essential part of live television. These can be hidden from just one camera but can be more complicated to set up. Another drawback is in film usage—a four-camera setup will use up to four times as much film per take, while shooting, the director and assistant director create a line cut by instructing the technical director to switch between the feed from the individual cameras. In the case of sitcoms with studio audiences, this cut is typically displayed to them on studio monitors. The line cut might be refined later in editing, as often the output from all cameras is recorded, both separately and as a combined reference display called the q split. The camera currently being recorded to the cut is indicated by a tally light controlled by a camera control unit on the camera as a reference both for the actors and the camera operators. When sound came into the picture multiple cameras were used to film sets at a single time. Early sound was recorded onto wax discs that could not be edited, the BBC routinely used multiple cameras for their live television shows from 1936 onward. Desilus innovation was to use 35mm film instead of 16mm and to film with a multiple-camera setup before a studio audience. In the late 1970s, Garry Marshall was credited with adding the fourth camera to the multi-camera set-up for his series Mork & Mindy, soon after, many productions followed suit and now having four cameras is the norm for multi-camera situation comedies. The multiple-camera method gives the director less control over each shot but is faster, in television, multiple-camera is commonly used for sports programs, news programs, soap operas, talk shows, game shows, and some sitcoms. Before the pre-filmed continuing series became the dominant dramatic form on American television, multiple cameras can take different shots of a live situation as the action unfolds chronologically and is suitable for shows which require a live audience. For this reason, multiple camera productions can be filmed or taped much faster than single camera, multiple-camera sitcoms were more simplified but have been compared to theatre work due to its similar set-up and use of theatre-experienced actors and crew members. The majority of British sitcoms and dramas from the 1950s to the early 1990s were made using four cameras, unlike the United States, the development of completed filmed programming, using the single camera method, was limited for several decades
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Paramount Television
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Paramount Television is an American television production/distribution company that was active from 1967 until 2006 and revived in 2013. Most of this time it served as the arm of the Paramount Pictures film studio. It later produced Balls follow-up series, The Lucy Show, as well as other shows as Our Miss Brooks, The Untouchables, Mission, Impossible, Mannix. Paramount Pictures had made a couple of attempts in the mid-1950s to produce series themselves under the Telemount banner, the first, Cowboy G-Men, was a joint effort with Mutual Broadcasting for syndication. The second, Sally starring Joan Caulfield, was a series on NBC during the 1957–58 season. Before that, Paramount owned a de facto television network, the Paramount Television Network, and had a stake in another network, Paramount Studios also had outright ownership of KTLA in Los Angeles. The spun-off United Paramount Theatres purchased control of the American Broadcasting Company, another attempt by Paramount was known as Paramount Pictures Television. One of the series was Destination Space, a pilot to a series that never got off the ground. In 1966, Paramount was on the verge of bankruptcy, when the studio was bought out by Gulf+Western. By that point, Paramount had pretty much distanced itself from television, having stopped production of its shows, closed down its networks. They also sold off most of their early theatrical library to such companies as EMKA, & M. TV Corporation, Associated Artists Productions – also called a. a. p. for short, Harvey Films, and National Comics. In 1967, Charles Bluhdorns Gulf+Western brought Desilu, which was merged with Paramount, the sale resulted in Desilus re-incorporation as Paramount Television in December of that year. The three Desilu lots – the original RKO Studios and two Culver City locations – were included in the sale, but the Justice Department forced Bluhdorn to sell the Culver Studios to avoid a monopoly. The old RKO globe is still in place at the corner of Gower, the first PTV production to premiere after the re-incorporation was Heres Lucy. Paramount only produced the first season however, selling their stake in the show to Ball after the season finale, Gulf+Western had plans to launch a television network in the late 1970s, the Paramount Television Service, with a new Star Trek series as the cornerstone of the network. But these plans were scrapped, and Star Trek, Phase II was reworked into Star Trek, in 1989, Gulf+Western was re-incorporated as Paramount Communications, named after the companys prime asset, Paramount Pictures. That firm was sold to Viacom in 1994, the Viacom merger gave Paramount a larger TV show library as well, since Viacom had television production and distribution units as well prior to the Paramount acquisition. The distribution company, Viacom Enterprises, was merged into Paramount Domestic Television while the company, Viacom Productions
14.
Paramount Domestic Television
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Paramount Domestic Television is the television distribution arm of American television production company Paramount Television, once the TV arm of Paramount Pictures. It was formed in 1982 originally as Paramount Domestic Television and Video Programming, the successor to Paramount Television Domestic Distribution, Paramount Television Sales, initially, it distributed the back library of Paramount Television and the post-1960 shows by Desilu, and several first-run syndicated shows. Originally, the company was owned by Gulf+Western, which was reincorporated as Paramount Communications in 1989, after that company was sold to Viacom in 1994, it absorbed the distribution functions of Viacom Enterprises the next year. Viacom had distributed the classic CBS library which included the pre-1960 Desilu library, alongside series from Viacom Productions, PDT also gained syndication rights to series from MTV Networks with the Viacom merger, though these have rarely been seen in syndication. MCA Television and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, as a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service. In 1999, Viacom acquired several other TV production firms such as Spelling Entertainment Group, as a result, the size of Paramounts TV library more than tripled, giving PDT a slew of new series to distribute. After Viacom split into two companies – one called Viacom and the other CBS Corporation – Paramounts TV operations became part of the latter company, as a result, Paramount Domestic Television became CBS Paramount Domestic Television. That was in turn merged with King World Productions in 2007 to become CBS Television Distribution, however, some former Paramount programs, such as Entertainment Tonight, then moved from being produced at the Paramount lot to CBS facilities. Currently, syndication rights to Paramounts theatrical film library lie with Trifecta Entertainment & Media, america The Party Machine The Montel Williams Show The Maury Povich Show Leeza The Jon Stewart Show The Howie Mandel Show Rendez-View The Arsenio Hall Show Dr
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CBS Television Distribution
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The current president is Paul Franklin. CBS also handles the TV rights to much of its own theatrical films, the company formerly distributed the film libraries from Paramount Pictures and Republic Pictures, among others. The company is responsible for international television distribution rights to series by Rysher Entertainment including certain HBO series through its CBS Studios International division. These distribution rights are now held by NBCUniversal Television Distribution and Trifecta Entertainment & Media, until May 2009, CTD distributed the Paramount Pictures library on television. By then, CBS also dropped the name Paramount from television for good, Paramount has also joined up with Trifecta. The current moniker for CTDs overseas distribution arm is CBS Studios International and its predecessors were CBS Broadcast International and CBS Paramount International Television. In 2012, CBS Television Distribution ceased to be an entity, becoming a division of CBS Studios
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NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
17.
NTSC
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The first NTSC standard was developed in 1941 and had no provision for color. In 1953 a second NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed for television broadcasting which was compatible with the existing stock of black-and-white receivers. NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system and remained dominant until 1997, North America, parts of Central America, and South Korea are adopting or have adopted the ATSC standards, while other countries are adopting or have adopted other standards instead of ATSC. After nearly 70 years, the majority of over-the-air NTSC transmissions in the United States ceased on January 1,2010, the majority of NTSC transmissions ended in Japan on July 24,2011, with the Japanese prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima ending the next year. In March 1941, the committee issued a standard for black-and-white television that built upon a 1936 recommendation made by the Radio Manufacturers Association. Technical advancements of the side band technique allowed for the opportunity to increase the image resolution. The NTSC selected 525 scan lines as a compromise between RCAs 441-scan line standard and Philcos and DuMonts desire to increase the number of lines to between 605 and 800. The standard recommended a frame rate of 30 frames per second, other standards in the final recommendation were an aspect ratio of 4,3, and frequency modulation for the sound signal. In January 1950, the committee was reconstituted to standardize color television, in December 1953, it unanimously approved what is now called the NTSC color television standard. The compatible color standard retained full backward compatibility with existing black-and-white television sets, Color information was added to the black-and-white image by introducing a color subcarrier of precisely 315/88 MHz. These changes amounted to 0.1 percent and were tolerated by existing television receivers. The FCC had briefly approved a different color standard, starting in October 1950. However, this standard was incompatible with black-and-white broadcasts and it used a rotating color wheel, reduced the number of scan lines from 525 to 405, and increased the field rate from 60 to 144, but had an effective frame rate of only 24 frames per second. CBS rescinded its system in March 1953, and the FCC replaced it on December 17,1953, with the NTSC color standard, later that year, the improved TK-41 became the standard camera used throughout much of the 1960s. The NTSC standard has been adopted by countries, including most of the Americas. With the advent of television, analog broadcasts are being phased out. Most US NTSC broadcasters were required by the FCC to shut down their analog transmitters in 2009, low-power stations, Class A stations and translators were required to shut down by 2015. NTSC color encoding is used with the System M television signal, each frame is composed of two fields, each consisting of 262.5 scan lines, for a total of 525 scan lines
18.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
19.
Cheers
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Cheers is an American sitcom that ran on NBC from September 30,1982 to May 20,1993, with a total of 270 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. The show was produced by Charles/Burrows/Charles Productions in association with Paramount Network Television, the show was created by the team of James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles. The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, the shows main theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy lent its famous refrain Where Everybody Knows Your Name as the shows tagline. After premiering on September 30,1982, it was canceled during its first season when it ranked almost last in ratings for its premiere. Cheers, however, eventually became a highly rated show in the United States, earning a top-ten rating during eight of its eleven seasons. The show spent most of its run on NBCs Thursday night Must See TV lineup and its widely watched series finale was broadcast on May 20,1993, and the shows 270 episodes have been successfully syndicated worldwide. Nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series for all eleven of its seasons on the air, the character Frasier Crane was featured in his eponymous spin-off show, which aired until 2004 and included guest appearances by virtually all of the major and minor Cheers characters. During its run, Cheers became one of the most popular series of all time and has received critical acclaim. In 1997, the episodes Thanksgiving Orphans and Home Is the Sailor, aired originally in 1987, were respectively ranked No.7, in 2002, Cheers was ranked No.18 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the eighth best written TV series, before the Cheers pilot Give Me a Ring Sometime was completed and aired in 1982, the series originally consisted of four employees in the first script. Neither Norm Peterson nor Cliff Clavin, regular customers of Cheers, were featured, in later years, Woody Boyd replaces Coach, who dies off-screen in season four to account for actor Nicholas Colasantos death. Frasier Crane starts as a character and becomes a permanent character. In season six, they added a new character Rebecca Howe, Lilith Sternin starts as a one-time character in an episode of season four, Second Time Around. After she appears in two episodes in five, she becomes a recurring character, and later featured as a permanent one for season ten. Ted Danson portrays Sam Malone, a bartender and an owner of Cheers, before the series began, he was a baseball relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox nicknamed Mayday Malone until he became an alcoholic, harming his career. He has an on-again, off-again relationship with Diane Chambers, his class opposite, during their off-times, Sam has flings with many not-so-bright sexy women, yet fails to pursue a meaningful relationship and fails to seduce other women, such as intellectuals. After Diane is written out of the series, he tries to pursue Rebecca Howe, at the end of the series, he is still unmarried and recovering from sexual addiction with a help of Dr. Robert Suttons group meetings, advised by Frasier. Shelley Long portrays Diane Chambers, an academic, sophisticated graduate student, in the pilot Diane is abandoned by her fiancé, leaving her without a job, a man, or money
20.
The Tortellis
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The Tortellis is an American sitcom and the first spin-off of Cheers starring Dan Hedaya and Jean Kasem that aired on NBC from January 21 to May 12,1987. Hedaya and Kasem had appeared on Cheers on several occasions as Nick and Loretta Tortelli, the show co-stars Timothy Williams as Anthony Tortelli, Nick and Carlas teenage son, and Mandy Ingber as Annie Tortelli, Anthonys young bride, reprising their roles from Cheers. At the beginning of the series, Loretta leaves Nick and moved to Las Vegas to live with her sensible, divorced sister Charlotte, and Charlottes young son Mark. The series follows Nick as he moves to Las Vegas to try to reconcile with Loretta, vowing to change his sleazy, Nick and Loretta tentatively get back together, and Nick sets up a TV repair business and tries to reform—not always successfully. Anthony and Annie follow Nick to Las Vegas, and all six characters lived in the same house, the characters of Charlotte and Mark Cooper were never seen or even referred to on any episode of Cheers, either before or after The Tortellis run. George Wendt and John Ratzenberger appeared in episode 3, paying a visit to Las Vegas, mitchell Laurance was seen in a recurring role as Pete Bruno, Charlottes untrustworthy boyfriend. The series drew in low ratings, ranking 50th out of 79 shows with an average rating/share of 13. 3/20, as a result, NBC canceled The Tortellis after 13 episodes. The next attempt at a Cheers spin-off, Frasier, was more successful. The Tortellis at the Internet Movie Database The Tortellis at TV. com The Tortellis at epguides. com
21.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
22.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
23.
20/20 (U.S. TV series)
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20/20 is an American television newsmagazine that has been broadcast on ABC since June 6,1978. The programs name derives from the 20/20 measurement of visual acuity, the anchors on the premiere telecast of 20/20 were renowned Esquire magazine editor Harold Hayes, who also served as the programs senior producer, and famed Time art critic Robert Hughes. The shows debut received largely harsh reviews, The New York Times described it as dizzyingly absurd and The Washington Post denounced it as the trashiest stab at candycane journalism yet. Also featured in the premiere telecast of 20/20, the sequence consisted of a pair of eyeglasses, whose lenses showed colored bars. The eyeglasses were keyed over a background, and rotated to its rear position to reveal the 20/20 studio. Under Downs as host, 20/20 changed into a standard yet unique newsmagazine. Eastern Time beginning May 31,1979, ratings were generally very good during the summer months during its eight years on Thursday nights despite competition from Knots Landing on CBS and Hill Street Blues on NBC. It was around this time that the program started using the Brock Brower-written signoff line Were in touch, so you be in touch to end each program, which continues to be used to now. Barbara Walters joined the program in 1979 in a role something less than a co-anchor, in 1984, she became Hugh Downss equal, thus reuniting a duo which had already anchored together on NBCs Today from 1964 to 1971. The team would remain together on-air for the next 15 years. In the fall of 1987, 20/20 was moved to Fridays at 10,00 p. m. Eastern, while in that timeslot, it ranked at 21st place in the annual Nielsen ratings by the 1991–92 season. While the series moved to the 8,00 p. m. timeslot on October 12,2007. In 1997, a weekly edition of 20/20 made its debut on Thursday evenings. In 2000, ABC reinstated Primetime under the title Primetime Thursday, by early 2002, 20/20 once again was airing only in its original Friday timeslot. After Downss retirement in 1999, Walters became the anchor of 20/20. For a few months in early 2003, Barbara Walters temporarily anchored solo again, as one of the first veteran anchors, Barbara Walters chose to go into semi-retirement as a broadcast journalist in 2004. However, she remained with 20/20 as a frequent contributor to the show, ABC News correspondent Elizabeth Vargas was promoted to the co-anchor position. In September 2009, before the start of its 31st season, Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer also contribute reports
24.
Home Improvement (TV series)
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Home Improvement is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen that aired on ABC from September 17,1991, to May 25,1999, with a total of 204 half-hour episodes spanning over eight seasons. The series was created by Matt Williams, Carmen Finestra and David McFadzean, in the 1990s it was one of the most watched sitcoms in the American market, winning many awards. The series launched Tim Allens acting career and was the start of the career of Pamela Anderson. Based on the comedy of Tim Allen, Home Improvement made its debut on ABC on September 17,1991. It went to No.1 in the ratings during the 1993–1994 season, beginning in Season 2, Home Improvement began each episode with a cold open, which features the shows logo during the teaser. From Season 4 until the end of the series in 1999, the series centers on the Taylor family, which consists of Tim, his wife Jill and their three children, the oldest child, Brad, the middle child, Randy and youngest child, Mark. The Taylors live in suburban Detroit, and have a neighbor named Wilson who is often the go-to guy for solving the Taylors problems, Tim is a stereotypical American male, who loves power tools, cars and sports. In particular, he is a fan of local Detroit teams. In numerous instances Tim wears Lions, Pistons, Red Wings, and Tigers clothing and he is a former salesman for the fictional Binford Tool company, and is very much a cocky, overambitious, accident-prone know-it-all. Witty but flippant, Tim jokes around a lot, even at inappropriate times, however, Tim can sometimes be serious when necessary. Jill, Tims wife, is loving and sophisticated, but not exempt from dumb moves herself, in later seasons she returns to college to study psychology. Family life is boisterous for the Taylors with the two oldest children, Brad and Randy, tormenting the much younger Mark, all while continually testing and pestering each other. Such play happened especially throughout the first three seasons, and was revisited only occasionally until Jonathan Taylor Thomas left at the beginning of the eighth season, during the shows final season, Brad and Mark became much closer due to Randys absence. Brad, popular and athletic, was often the moving factor, who engaged before thinking, Randy, a year younger, was the comedian of the pack, known for his quick-thinking, wisecracks, and smart mouth. He had more sense than Brad but was not immune to trouble. Mark was somewhat of a boy, though later in the series he grew into a teenage outcast who dressed in black clothing. Meanwhile, Brad became interested in cars like his father and took up soccer, Randy joined the school drama club, and later the school newspaper, in the eighth season, he left for Costa Rica. In later seasons, a running joke developed in more and more creative means were used to prevent Wilsons face below the eyes from ever being seen by the audience
25.
JAG (TV series)
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The first season was co-produced with NBC Productions. Rival network CBS picked up the series for a midseason replacement, for several seasons, JAG climbed in the ratings and was on the air for nine additional seasons. JAG furthermore spawned the hit series NCIS, which in turn spun off NCIS, Los Angeles and NCIS, in total,227 episodes were produced over 10 seasons. At the time of the airing of its fifth season in the United States. JAG entered syndication early in 1999, the stereotype in the post-Vietnam war era of crazed Vietnam veterans was notably subverted, by not just one, but three of the main characters, in Magnum P. I. of which Bellisario was the co-creator. Following the cancellation of his series Quantum Leap, Bellisario began working on a screenplay of a murder mystery aboard a U. S. Navy aircraft carrier. The issue of whether or not to expand the options for women serving in the U. S. armed forces as fighter pilots and in other frontline assignments was a contentious social issue of the day. The fallout from the incident resulted in a blow to the naval aviation community. The common counterclaim from the side of the aisle, as articulated by former Secretary of the Navy in the Reagan administration. In 1997, though, the services had begun to change their minds. Almost all episodes of the series feature scenes filmed aboard real United States Navy ships, the ship most widely used was the USS Forrestal, in commission as a training carrier at the time. Most of the Nimitz-class carriers also appear in one or several episodes, USS Saratoga, USS Enterprise, and USS John F. Kennedy were also used in the series. USS Enterprise was used as the fictional USS Seahawk in many episodes, USS Forrestal and USS Dwight D. Eisenhower were also used as the fictional Seahawk, both in season four and for one episode each. For scenes filmed aboard Enterprise, the crew wore caps reading USS Seahawk – CVN65 so they matched the ships real hull number. USS Forrestal was featured in episodes, most prominently two in which she portrayed the fictional USS Reprisal. In these episodes, all members wore caps with the CV-35 pennant number. This number was out of sequence with the pennant numbers of active USN carriers at the time the series was filmed. Only six USN ships featured in the series were called by their names, USS Hornet, USS Coral Sea, USS Kitty Hawk, USS America, USS Theodore Roosevelt
26.
The King of Queens
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The King of Queens is an American sitcom that originally ran on CBS from September 21,1998, to May 14,2007. The show was produced by Hanley Productions and CBS Productions, CBS Paramount Television, in association with Columbia TriStar Television and it was filmed at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. After the series finale broadcast on May 14,2007, The King of Queens became the last American live action sitcom that premiered in the 1990s to end its run. Doug and Carrie Heffernan are a working class couple living at 3121 Aberdeen Street in Rego Park, Queens, New York, along with Carries eccentric father, Arthur Spooner. Doug works for the fictional International Parcel Service as a driver, while Carrie works as a secretary in Manhattan, first for a law firm. Their lives are complicated by the demands of Arthur, so much so that they eventually hire Holly, also featured on the show are Dougs friends Deacon Palmer, Spence Olchin and Richie Iannucci, as well as Dougs cousin Danny Heffernan. Deacons wife Kelly is Carries best friend, most scenes take place in the Heffernans home, but other common locations include Doug and Carries workplaces, the restaurant Coopers and the residences of friends and family. While locations seen during the theme-song were filmed in areas surrounding New York, the show begins after Doug and Carrie have already married, and how they met is slightly unclear due to continuity issues. In one flashback episode, Meet By-Product, Doug meets Carrie when he is a bouncer at a nightclub that Carrie attends. However, in episode, Road Rayge, Carrie reflects on a song that she says Doug asked her to dance to when they were in junior high school. In a later episode, it was implied that all went to high school together, as Kelly. Doug Heffernan is a parcel delivery man with a smart-aleck personality. Doug never hesitates to protest his grievances intensely, Dougs birth date is February 9,1965. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, some of his misadventures are fueled by his love of food. Dougs tendency to give in to his temptations, despite promising Carrie otherwise, is common cause of disagreements. He generally enjoys the pleasures of watching sports and playing poker with his friends. Carrie Heffernan is Dougs attractive and sardonic wife and she has a quick-temper and is occasionally physically abusive to Doug. She has been characterized as scary by Holly and Doug, particularly when she is angry, during a flashback, Carrie concludes that she is happier when others are miserable
27.
Psychiatry
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Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various abnormalities related to mood, behaviour, cognition, initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted, on occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. The fifth edition of the DSM was published in 2013, assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on aspects of the disorder in question. The term psychiatry was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, a medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a psychiatrist. Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent and it has been described as an intermediary between the world from a social context and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. People who specialize in psychiatry often differ from most other health professionals. The discipline studies the operations of different organs and body systems as classified by the subjective experiences. Psychiatry treats mental disorders, which are divided into three very general categories, mental illnesses, severe learning disabilities, and personality disorders. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically, since the late 20th century the field of psychiatry has continued to become more biological and less conceptually isolated from other medical fields. Psychiatrists can therefore counsel patients, prescribe medication, order laboratory tests, order neuroimaging, like other purveyors of professional ethics, the World Psychiatric Association issues an ethical code to govern the conduct of psychiatrists. The psychiatric code of ethics, first set forth through the Declaration of Hawaii in 1977, has expanded through a 1983 Vienna update and, in 1996. The code was revised during the organizations general assembblies in 1999,2002,2005. Discredited psychiatrists who operated outside the norms of medical ethics include Harry Bailey, Donald Ewen Cameron, Samuel A. Cartwright, Henry Cotton, Psychiatric illnesses can be conceptualised in a number of different ways. The biomedical approach examines signs and symptoms and compares them with diagnostic criteria, Mental illness can be assessed, conversely, through a narrative which tries to incorporate symptoms into a meaningful life history and to frame them as responses to external conditions. The notion of a model is often used to underline the multifactorial nature of clinical impairment. In this notion the word model is not used in a scientific way though
28.
Marriage
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The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity, when defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, conversely, such practices may be outlawed and penalized in parts of the world out of concerns for womens rights and because of international law. These trends coincide with the human rights movement. Marriage can be recognized by a state, an organization, an authority, a tribal group. It is often viewed as a contract, Marriages can be performed in a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting via a wedding ceremony. The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved, and any offspring they may produce, some cultures allow the dissolution of marriage through divorce or annulment. In some areas, child marriages and polygamy may occur in spite of laws against the practice. For example, the number of marriages in Europe decreased by 30% from 1975 to 2005 and these changes have occurred primarily in Western countries. The word marriage derives from Middle English mariage, which first appears in 1250–1300 CE and this in turn is derived from Old French, marier, and ultimately Latin, marītāre, meaning to provide with a husband or wife and marītāri meaning to get married. The adjective marīt-us -a, -um meaning matrimonial or nuptial could also be used in the form as a noun for husband. Anthropologists have proposed several competing definitions of marriage in an attempt to encompass the wide variety of marital practices observed across cultures, even within Western culture, definitions of marriage have careened from one extreme to another and everywhere in between. The anthropological handbook Notes and Queries defined marriage as a union between a man and a such that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both partners. In recognition of a practice by the Nuer people of Sudan allowing women to act as a husband in certain circumstances, Kathleen Gough suggested modifying this to a woman, none of these men had legal rights to the womans child. Economic anthropologist Duran Bell has criticized the definition on the basis that some societies do not require marriage for legitimacy. He argued that a definition of marriage is circular in societies where illegitimacy has no other legal or social implications for a child other than the mother being unmarried. In 1955 article in Man, Leach argued that no one definition of marriage applied to all cultures and he offered a list of ten rights associated with marriage, including sexual monopoly and rights with respect to children, with specific rights differing across cultures
29.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
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Martin Crane
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Martin Marty Crane is a fictional character on the American television show Frasier. He was played by actor John Mahoney, an army veteran and retired police detective, he is the father of Frasier and Niles Crane. His characters personality and signature cardigans have been cited as inspiration for the Suits character R. Dzierniejko, although Martin is first mentioned in an episode of the sitcom Cheers, his life history is mainly expanded on in Frasier. In an eighth season Cheers episode, Frasier claims that his father is dead and was a scientist in life and these comments are elaborated on Frasier as the result of estrangement between Martin and Frasier at the time. The son of an officer, Martin was born in Seattle in 1932 and is a lifelong resident of the city. His great-grandparents were Noah Crane and a maid from Russia. At the age of 19, Martin joined the U. S. Army, after returning home Martin joined the Seattle Police Department, and would remain in this capacity until being forced to retire due to being shot in the hip when he was 62. He served in roles including as a patrol officer as well as a mounted patrol officer. He was also assigned to a vice detail for a year and he was married to Hester Rose Crane, a forensic psychiatrist whom he met in 1952 at a murder scene. They remained married until her death in 1987, some six years before Martin moves in with Frasier, Hester rejected his first marriage proposal, but the two married when she became pregnant with Frasier. The marriage was mostly a happy and loving one, but there were issues, in particular. Martin blamed himself for his wifes infidelity, which occurred about 30 years before the timeline of the show, the revelation brings Martin and Frasier, who after he learns the truth confesses that his ex-wife Lilith also cheated on him, closer together. Martin has a brother named Walt, and one nephew, Walt, Martin and Walt are estranged, thanks to Zoras hostility toward Frasiers meddling in Nikos life. There is a discrepancy in the storyline, however, as Martin states in an episode that he never had a brother. Niles visited him, but the two had drifted apart and his injury inhibits him from living alone, and forces him to accept Frasiers invitation to live with him upon Frasiers return to Seattle. Martin soon grows close to his physical therapist Daphne Moon, because he and his his sons have nothing in common in terms of hobbies and interests, he also grows to be very close to Frasiers producer Roz Doyle. He invites her to his games on numerous occasions, and responds warmly to her laid back. On one of his birthdays, she presents him with a six pack of beers, romantically, Martin is reluctant to begin dating again, but while living with Frasier he has a number of relationships with various women
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Seattle Police Department
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It is nationally accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. The Seattle Police Department has various specialty units including SWAT, bike patrol, harbor patrol, motorcycles, mounted patrols, Law enforcement in Seattle began with the appointment of William H. Surber as town marshal in 1861. The SPD was officially organized on June 2,1869, as of 2011, it had a staff of around 1,800. Since the establishment of the Seattle Police Department,58 officers have died in the line of duty, in 2011, the Justice Department found that the department had engaged in a pattern of constitutional violations in its use of force. On May 19,2014, Kathleen OToole was nominated to serve as Chief of the Seattle Police Department and was appointed on June 23,2014. The Chief of the Seattle Police Department is Kathleen OToole, after five years as a police officer, he or she can take a promotional examination. Every other year, civil service tests are administered for promotions, tests are given for the rank of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. Assistant and Deputy chiefs are appointed by the chief from the management ranks, Officers may be promoted to sergeant after five years of experience with the Department and passing the Sergeants test. Lieutenants must have at least three years experience as Sergeants and Captains must have at least three years experience, a bachelors degree may substitute for one year of experience but can only be used for one promotional exam. On June 21,1974, a Seattle Police helicopter on its way to a shooting collided with a Cessna near Boeing Field, both officers on board and both civilians in the Cessna were killed. In 1987, the Seattle Police Department created the mountain bike patrol units. In 2012, the rank of Sergeant Major was created and bestowed upon then-Sergeant Arnold Arny McGinnis, Sergeant Major McGinnis started working at the Seattle Police Department in 1962, holding the rank of police officer. He retired in July 2012 at the age of 75, reaching fifty years of service to the city of Seattle and he is the only member of the SPD known to hold the rank. In 1999, Seattle hosted the World Trade Organization Conference, the Seattle Police Department was criticized for failing to properly prepare for the over 100,000 protesters that disrupted the conference. While the majority of protestors were not violent, some assaulted delegates and police, the protest soon devolved into a riot. In response, SPD used chemical agents and less-lethal weapons in an attempt to restore order, news footage of this response and of the rioting was broadcast worldwide. Amazingly, not a protester or police officer was injured seriously enough during the riot to require hospitalization. Chief Norm Stamper resigned amid the scrutiny of police response to the event, in 2001, riots broke out downtown during the Mardi Gras celebrations
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Daphne Moon
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Daphne Moon is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Frasier, played by Jane Leeves. Daphne is an immigrant from Manchester, England who is employed by Frasier Crane as a housekeeper and physical therapist for his father. Daphne was born in 1969 in Manchester, England, the daughter in a family of nine children. She spent much of her childhood playing nurse and housemaid to her brothers and she has a complex love-hate relationship with her domineering mother, Gertrude Moon, her relationship with her father, Harry Moon, is much warmer and closer. As a young girl, Daphnes early career was an actress in the hit British sitcom Mind Your Knickers and her career ended at age 16 when she became too tall and busty to play her much shorter, pre-teen character. During her youth, she gained considerable skill at billiards and darts and she also raised show rats, was a member of the Manchester Light Opera Works, and was a skilled shoplifter. As an adult, Daphne takes up a career as a physical therapist, working one-on-one with various invalids, at an indeterminate time, she migrates across the Atlantic to live in Seattle, seeking a new life free of her domineering family. Her first job in America is at a convenience store, in the third season finale, You Can Go Home Again, it is revealed that prior to being interviewed and hired by the Cranes, she had a chance encounter with them at Cafe Nervosa. In the series premiere, The Good Son, Daphne is hired by Frasier Crane to assist Frasiers father, Martin Crane, Martin suffers pain and discomfort from a gunshot wound to his hip that forced him to retire from the Seattle Police Department. Although Frasier is less impressed with her, Martin takes a liking to her sense of humor and convinces Frasier to hire her. Daphne is mostly portrayed as kind and down-to-earth, often perplexed and exasperated by Frasiers snobbery, although they fight and bicker over Martins therapy sessions, she gets along with Martin much better as they are capable of sharing activities as she is his care-giver and constant companion. Like most characters on Frasier, Daphne has many eccentricities and she often tells rambling stories about her family, cheerfully remembering rather grim or traumatic events, to the considerable discomfort of the Crane family. She is also a believer in the supernatural, and believes herself to be a bit psychic. The Crane family loathes her poor cooking skills, taking jabs at English cuisine, on the other hand, for the first seven seasons of the series, the supposedly psychic Daphne never suspects Niles passionate infatuation with her, which is painfully evident to Frasier and Martin. As the series progressed, Daphnes psychic abilities were considerably downplayed, Niles subsequently dismisses the expert, supposedly due to him preferring the ambiguity of not knowing, after this, Daphnes supposed abilities were never mentioned again. Like Martin, Daphne acts as a working class foil to Frasier and Niless upper-class snobbery, as time wore on and this aspect of her character was toned down, more focus was put on her relationships with the other characters. Daphnes most significant developing relationship over the course of the series is with Frasier Cranes younger brother, Niles says nothing to Daphne, at first because he is married, later because she is involved with numerous relationships with other men. Even when she is not, Frasier has one excuse or another to prevent Niles from telling her anything, Niless feelings are ultimately, and accidentally, revealed by Frasier in Season 7
