1.
Central Park
–
Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City. Central Park is the most visited park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013. The park was established in 1857 on 778 acres of city-owned land, construction began the same year and the parks first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858. Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north, and was expanded to its current size of 843 acres in 1873, Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U. S. Department of the Interior in 1962. The Conservancy is a organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Parks $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park. Between 1821 and 1855, New York City nearly quadrupled in population, as the city expanded northward up Manhattan, people were drawn to the few existing open spaces, mainly cemeteries, to get away from the noise and chaotic life in the city. Since Central Park was not part of the original Commissioners Plan of 1811, John Randel, Jr. surveyed the grounds. The only remaining surveying bolt from his survey is still visible, it is embedded in a rock just north of the present Dairy and the 65th Street Transverse, the bolt marks the location where West 65th Street would have intersected Sixth Avenue. The state appointed a Central Park Commission to oversee the development of the park, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the Greensward Plan, which was selected as the winning design. The Greensward Plan called for some 36 bridges, all designed by Vaux, ranging from rugged spans of Manhattan schist or granite, to lacy Neo-Gothic cast iron, several influences came together in the design. Landscaped cemeteries, such as Mount Auburn and Green-Wood had set examples of idyllic, naturalistic landscapes, the most influential innovations in the Central Park design were the separate circulation systems for pedestrians, horseback riders, and pleasure vehicles. The crosstown commercial traffic was entirely concealed in sunken roadways, screened with densely planted shrub belts so as to maintain a rustic ambiance, before the construction of the park could start, the area had to be cleared of its inhabitants. Most lived in villages, such as Harsenville, the Piggery District, or Seneca Village, or in the school. Approximately 1,600 residents were evicted under the rule of eminent domain during 1857, Seneca Village and parts of the other communities were razed to make room for the park. During the parks construction, Olmsted fought constant battles with the park commissioners, between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome and the park was substantially completed. The work was documented with technical drawings and photographs. More gunpowder was used to clear the area than was used at the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War, the parks commissioners assigned a name to each of the original 18 gates in 1862. The names were chosen to represent the diversity of New York Citys trades, for example, Mariners Gate for the entrance at 85th Street
2.
New York City Marathon
–
The New York City Marathon is an annual marathon that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest marathon in the world, with 50,304 finishers in 2013, along with the Boston Marathon and Chicago Marathon, it is among the pre-eminent long-distance annual running events in the United States and is one of the World Marathon Majors. The race is organized by New York Road Runners Club and has run every year since 1970, with the exception of 2012. In past years, it has sponsored by the financial group ING. In 2014, Tata Consultancy Services, an information technology service, consulting. It is held on the first Sunday of November and attracts competitors and amateurs from all over the world. Because of the popularity of the race, participation is largely by a lottery system. Guaranteed entry to the marathon can be gained by meeting the requirements for the 9+1 or 9+$1K program, having completed 15 or more previous NYC Marathons, the race was founded by Fred Lebow. Ted Corbitt helped plan the deceptively hilly course of the New York City Marathon, the initial course of 1970 consisted in repeated racing around Central Park. From 1976, the covers all five boroughs of New York City. It begins on Staten Island, in Fort Wadsworth, near the approach to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the bridge, which normally carries only vehicular traffic, is closed for the event. Runners use both sides of the level of the bridge and the westbound side of the lower level. In the opening minutes of the race, the bridge is filled with runners, after descending the bridge, the course winds through Brooklyn, mostly along Fourth Avenue and Bedford Avenue, for approximately the next 11 miles. Runners pass through a variety of neighborhoods, including, Bay Ridge, Sunset Park, Park Slope, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Williamsburg, at 13.1 miles, runners cross the Pulaski Bridge, marking the halfway point of the race and the entrance into Long Island City, Queens. After about 2.5 miles in Queens, runners cross the East River via the Queensboro Bridge into Manhattan. It is at point in the race when many runners begin to tire. It then proceeds south through Harlem down Fifth Avenue and into Central Park, at the southern end of the park, the race proceeds across Central Park South, where thousands of spectators cheer runners on during the last mile. At Columbus Circle, the race re-enters the park and finishes outside Tavern on the Green, the time limit for this course is 8½ hours from the 10,10 a. m. start
3.
Arad, Romania
–
Arad is the capital city of Arad County, historically situated in the region of Crișana, and having recently extended on the left bank of the Mureș river, in Banat region of western Romania. It had one of the first music conservatories in Europe, the city has a population of 159,704, making it the 12th largest city in Romania. Arad is the third largest city in the part of the country, behind Timișoara. Arad was first mentioned in documents in the 11th century, the Ottoman Empire conquered the region from Hungary in 1551 and kept it until the Peace of Karlowitz of 1699. Arad became a center, which comprised the sanjaks of Arad, Lugoj, Kacaș, Beşlek and Yanova from 1660 till 1697. After 1699, the city was ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy, at the beginning of 18th century, Arad became center of Eastern Orthodox Eparchy of Arad. According to 1720 data, the population of the city was composed of 177 Romanian families,162 Serbian, the first Jew allowed to settle inside the city was Isac Elias in 1717. Eventually the Jewish population of Arad numbered over 10,000 people, more than 10% of the population, the new fortress was built between 1763 and 1783. Although it was small, it proved formidable having played a role in the Hungarian struggle for independence in 1849. The city possesses a museum containing relics of war of independence. It was from Arad that Lajos Kossuth issued his famous proclamation, the fortress was recaptured shortly after the surrender at Világos, with the surrender of general Artúr Görgey to the Russians. Thirteen rebel generals were executed there on 6 October 1849, by order of the Austrian general Julius Jacob von Haynau and these men are known collectively as the 13 Martyrs of Arad, and since then Arad is considered the Hungarian Golgotha. One of the public squares contains a monument, erected in their memory. It consists of a figure of Hungary, with four allegorical groups. Arad enjoyed great development in the 19th century. In 1834 it was declared a royal town by Emperor Francis I of Austria. Aradu Nou / Neu Arad / Újarad, situated on the bank of the Mureș river, is a neighborhood of Arad. It was founded during the Turkish wars of the 17th century, the works erected by the Turks for the capture of the fortress of Arad formed the nucleus of the new settlement
4.
Grete Waitz
–
Grete Waitz was a Norwegian marathon runner and former world record holder. In 1979, she became the first woman in history to run the marathon in two and a half hours. She won nine New York City Marathons between 1978 and 1988, more than any other runner in history and she won a silver medal at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles and a gold medal at the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki. Her other marathon victories included winning the London Marathon in 1983 and 1986 and she was also a five-time winner of the World Cross Country Championships. Born Grete Andersen in Oslo, Norway, Waitz was a young runner. However, Waitz ran at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich in the 1500 metres, in her teen years, Waitz won national junior titles in Norway in the 400 and 800 metres. At age 17 she set the European junior record for 1500 m with a time of 4,17, in 1975 Waitz broke the 3000 metres world record, running 8,46.6 in Oslo. Two years later in Montreal she won a medal, also in Oslo. Her 4,00.55 career best in the 1500 m, set in Prague in 1978 and she went on to win the race nine times and broke the world record three years in a row. Besides her marathon victories in New York and the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki, Waitz also won the London Marathon in 1983 and 1986, the only significant award she did not win in her career was an Olympic victory. As an up-and-coming 19-year-old in Munich and then a 23-year-old running the 1500 m in Montreal, she competed, in 1980, Norway was one of the countries that decided to boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, she was beaten in the marathon by Joan Benoit, in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea, a bad knee forced her to drop out of the womens marathon just after passing the 18-mile mark. She won a medal in the marathon at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki. Waitz completed her last marathon on 1 November 1992 with her friend Fred Lebow, in celebration of Lebows 60th birthday, after he was diagnosed with brain cancer in early 1990, they both completed the New York City Marathon with a time of 5,32,35. 1500 metres –4,00.55 – Prague – 03/09/1978 One mile –4,26.90 – Gateshead – 09/07/19783000 metres –8,31 and she also did charity work, particularly for the CARE International and the International Special Olympics. In June 2005 it was known that she was undergoing treatment for cancer. For more than 25 years, Waitz served as the ambassador for the worldwide JPMorgan Chase Corporate Challenge Series, promoting health and she provided regular training and motivational tips. Waitz was also a spokesperson for Avon Products, in August 2009 it was revealed that Waitz had initiated a co-operation between her old sponsor, Adidas, and the cancer care foundation she started in 2007 – Aktiv mot kreft
5.
New York Road Runners
–
New York Road Runners is a non-profit running organization based in New York City whose mission is to help and inspire people through running. It was founded in 1958 by Ted Corbitt with 47 members and has grown to membership of more than 60,000. NYRR conducts more than 100 events each year, including races, classes, clinics, in addition, the NYRR Foundation creates school-based running teams through Running Partners, a youth development program serving schools with few or no recreation programs. NYRR is headed by President and CEO Michael Capiraso and President, Events, members also receive discounts on race-entry fees and to NYRR Running Classes. New York Road Runners’ mission to help and inspire people through running has been brought to life in a new community running center, in addition to serving as the spot for number pickup, the NYRR RUNCENTER is home to the 1 for You 1 for Youth program. For each pair of shoes purchased at the NYRR RUNCENTER featuring the NB Run Hub, New York Road Runners will give the shoes to a participant in the programs*. The NYRR RUNCENTER showcases the latest in running education, training, the RUNCENTERs location is aimed to inspire the surrounding community—as well as those coming to run in NYC—to get moving in the city’s parks and streets. Lockers are available to those looking to store their belongings out on a run. The NB Run Hub in NYC is the expression of New Balance Performance Running, offering the most innovative gear and exclusive programming. Through the Test Run initiative, runners have an opportunity to try out the latest NB running gear and technology and this Promotion shall run from December 12,2016 to December 31,2017. For more information about New York Road Runners visit nyrr. org, NYRR operates an information kiosk for runners located on the bridle path near Central Park’s East Drive at the East 90th Street entrance. Staffed by NYRR Runner Services, the kiosk is open to answer runners questions about the park or NYRR events. The information kiosk also serves as the point for many of the NYRR running programs. The NYRR Foundation was founded in 1998 to carry out the service mission of the New York Road Runners. NYRR Foundation’s goal is to promote health, well-being, and personal achievement among under-served children with little or no access to athletic programming. Various programs are all designed to help youth of all sizes, fitness levels and athletic talents utilize the discipline of running to improve health, build character and uplift the spirit. In 2007, NYRR Foundation programs serve more than 20,000 kids per week from over 150 schools and community centers participating in NYRR Foundation programs in New York City and across the country. The club gives out the Abebe Bikila Award annually in recognition of individuals who have contributed to the sport of running
6.
John Lennon
–
John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
7.
Find a Grave
–
Find a Grave is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry. com, the worlds largest for-profit genealogy company, the site was created in 1995 by Salt Lake City resident Jim Tipton to support his hobby of visiting the burial sites of celebrities. He later added an online forum, Find a Grave was launched as a commercial entity in 1998, first as a trade name and then incorporated in 2000. The site later expanded to include graves of non-celebrities, in order to allow visitors to pay respect to their deceased relatives or friends. In 2013, Tipton sold Find a Grave to Ancestry. com, burial information is a wonderful source for people researching their family history. In a September 30,2013, press release, Ancestry, as of March 2017, Find a Grave contained over 159 million burial records and 75 million photos. The website contains listings of cemeteries and graves from around the world, american cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many cemetery records contain Google Maps and photographs of the cemeteries and gravesites. Individual grave records may contain dates and places of birth and death, biographical information, cemetery and plot information, photographs, Interment listings are added by individuals, genealogical societies, and other institutions such as the International Wargraves Photography Project. Contributors must register as members to submit listings, called memorials, the submitter becomes the manager of the listing but may transfer management. Only the current manager of a listing may edit it, although any member may use the features to send correction requests to the listings manager. Managers may add links to other listings of deceased spouses, parents, members may post requests for photos of a specific grave, these requests will be automatically sent to other members who have registered their location as being near that grave. Find a Grave also maintains lists of memorials of famous persons by their claim to fame, such as Medal of Honor recipients, religious figures, Find a Grave exercises editorial control over these listings. Canadian Headstones Interment. net National Cemetery Administrations Nationwide Gravesite Locator Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness Tombstone tourist Colker, web site answers grave concerns about stars. Web site attracts millions of grave-seekers, Find VIPs who R. I. P. through online cemetery. Genealogy, Find a Grave tremendous on many different levels, terre Haute, Indiana, Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on May 14,2011, tip, Find a Grave has info youre dying to know. Tracking Down Relatives, Visiting Graves Virtually, media related to Images from Find A Grave at Wikimedia Commons Official website
8.
National Distance Running Hall of Fame
–
The National Distance Running Hall of Fame was established on July 11,1998, to honor those who have contributed to the sport of distance running. Many of those who are inducted have achieved success as runners. The National Distance Running Hall of Fame is located in Utica, New York, inside the Hall are pictures, videos and other memorabilia that provide the history of the sport through the eyes of both the runners and spectators. The city of Utica was selected to be the home of the hall of fame because it hosts the annual Boilermaker Road Race—one of the largest 15 km road races in the US. Track and Field and distance running are sports that are heavily reliable upon sponsorship money, unfortunately some years come up much shorter than other years in terms of funding and donations to the sport, which can cause ripple effects throughout the whole sport. No induction ceremonies occurred in 2004,2007 and 2009, in 2007, it was due to the search for a new executive director, the 30th running of the Boilermaker Road Race, and construction to the Stanley Theater stage, which is where the ceremony takes place. In 2009, the economy caused too few sponsors to donate money for the event. With the inclusion of Grete Waitz and Priscilla Welch, the membership is not limited to Americans, both athletes represented other countries internationally, though they had an extensive running history in the United States
9.
Joan Benoit
–
Joan Benoit Samuelson is an American marathon runner who won gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, the year that the womens marathon was introduced. As a result, she was the first-ever womens Olympic marathon champion, Benoit Samuelson still holds the fastest times for an American woman at the Chicago Marathon and the Olympic Marathon. Her time at the Boston Marathon was the fastest time by an American woman at that race for 28 years and she was inducted into the Maine Womens Hall of Fame in 2000. Born in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, Benoit took to running to help recover from a broken leg suffered while slaloming. At Bowdoin College she excelled in athletics, in 1977, after two years at Bowdoin, she accepted a running scholarship to North Carolina State, where she began concentrating solely on her running. She earned All-America honors at NC State in both 1977 and 1978, and in 1978 helped lead the Wolfpack to the Atlantic Coast Conference cross-country championship, after returning to Bowdoin to complete her degree, she entered the 1979 Boston Marathon as a relative unknown. She won the race, wearing a Boston Red Sox cap, in 2,35,15 and her Boston course record of 2,22,43, set in 1983, was not broken for another 11 years. However, she recovered from the surgery much quicker than expected and she beat runner-up Julie Brown by 30 seconds, winning in 2,31,04. Benoit enjoyed success at non-marathon distances as well, winning the prestigious Falmouth Road Race a total of six times and she received the 1985 James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Since her retirement from running, she has written books including Running Tide and Running for Women. She is also a coach to womens cross-country and long-distance athletes and she founded the Beach to Beacon 10K Road Race, a 10 km race held in Cape Elizabeth, Maine, each August, going from Crescent Beach State Park to Fort Williams Park and Portland Head Light. The race attracts many of the worlds top distance runners, elite runners often run this race and then, the following weekend, run the Falmouth Road Race on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Benoit has also won that race several times, and ran it last in 2015, finishing as 25th woman and first in her age group. In 2003, at age 46, Benoit won the Maine half marathon, in 2006 she helped pace former cycling champion Lance Armstrong as he competed in the New York City Marathon. At the 2008 US Olympic Team trials, at the age of 50, she finished in 2,49,08, setting a new US 50+ record and beating her personal goal of a mid-2, 50s retirement marathon. When she ran the New York City Marathon on November 1,2009, later that month she ran in the Athens Classic Marathon for fun and finished in 3,02, the slowest time of her career, but she was not fully healed from her Chicago performance. In April 2011, Joan competed in the Boston Marathon, completing the course in 2,51,29 and she is featured on the Nike+ iPod system as one of the congratulatory voices. Benoit and husband Scott Samuelson have two children, daughter Abby and son Anders, who are runners in their own right and she was inducted into the Maine Womens Hall of Fame in 2000
10.
Bill Rodgers (runner)
–
Rodgers won both races four times each between 1975 and 1980, twice breaking the American record at Boston with a time of 2,09,55 in 1975 and 2,09,27 in 1979. In 1977, he won the Fukuoka Marathon, making him the only ever to hold the championship of all three major marathons at the same time. He made the 1976 U. S. Olympic team and raced the marathon at the Montreal Olympics in 1976 and he did not participate in the Olympics in 1980 due to the U. S. boycott over the invasion of Afghanistan by the USSR. Rodgers is also the world record holder for 25 kilometers as he broke Pekka Päivärintas world record with a time of 1,14.11.8 on a track at West Valley College in Saratoga. Track & Field News ranked Rodgers #1 in the world in the marathon in 1975,1977 and 1979, of the 59 marathons Rodgers ran,28 were run under 2,15. In all he won 22 marathons in his career and he came to be referred to by sportswriters and others as Boston Billy. Rodgers received his B. A. in sociology from Wesleyan University, one of his teammates, Amby Burfoot, won the Boston Marathon while still a student and went on to edit Runners World magazine. Rodgers also has an MS in special education from Boston College, Rodgers was inducted on December 3,1999, in Los Angeles, California to the National Track & Field Hall of Fame located in Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1998, Rodgers was inducted in the first round to the National Distance Running Hall of Fame in Utica, Bill Rodgers Running Center in Faneuil Hall Market Place in Boston, Massachusetts was owned and operated by Bill and his brother Charlie. The family-run business operated from 1977 to 2013
11.
Frank Shorter
–
Frank Charles Shorter is an American former long-distance runner who won the gold medal in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics. His Olympic successes, along with the achievements of other American runners, are credited with igniting the running boom in the United States during the 1970s. Frank Shorter was born in Munich, Germany, where his father, physician Samuel S. Shorter and he grew up in Middletown, New York, where a street was named in his honor. Frank Shorter Way was formerly part of the Orange Classic 10K course route, in the October 2011 issue of Runners World, an article by John Brant detailed the traumatic household life Frank and his siblings suffered at the hands of his father and the buckle end of his belt. While his father enjoyed great prominence in his community, his behavior may have reflected a profound narcissistic personality disorder according to Barbara duPlessis, Franks sister. With the publication of the Runners World article, Mr. Shorter will begin to elaborate on stopping similar cycles of violence in more detail, Shorter first achieved distinction by winning the 1969 National Collegiate Athletic Association 10, 000-meter title during his senior year at Yale. He won his first U. S. national titles in 1970 in the 5000-meter and 10 and he also was the U. S. national 10, 000-meter champion in 1971,1974,1975 and 1977. After graduating from Yale, Shorter chose to pursue a Doctor of Medicine degree at the University of New Mexico, however, he dropped out after six weeks. Bacheler was regarded as Americas best distance runner, having qualified for the finals of the 5, 000-meter race at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. The FTCs core nucleus of Shorter, Bacheler and Jeff Galloway qualified for the 1972 Olympics, Shorter won the U. S. national cross-country championships four times. He was the U. S. Olympic Trials champion in both the 10, 000-meter run and the marathon in both 1972 and 1976 and he also won both the 10, 000-meter run and the marathon at the 1971 Pan American Games. Shorter was a winner of the Fukuoka Marathon, generally recognized as the most prestigious marathon in the world at that time. He was successful on the racing circuit as well, winning the Peachtree Road Race in 1977. Shorters greatest recognition was as a runner, and he is the only American athlete to win two medals in the Olympic marathon. He won the medal in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. Shorter was confident that he was going to win the medal because he knew that no competing runner had passed him. He received the James E. Sullivan Award afterward as the top athlete in the United States. There were suspicions about other East German athletes during the Montreal Olympics, including the East German women, led by Kornelia Ender, from 2000 to 2003, Shorter was the chairman of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, a body that he helped to establish
12.
Kathrine Switzer
–
Kathrine Virginia Kathy Switzer is an American author, television commentator and marathon runner. In 1967, she became the first woman to run the Boston Marathon as a numbered entry and it was not until 1972 that women were allowed to run the Boston Marathon officially. Switzer was born in Germany, the daughter of a major in the United States Army and her family returned to the United States in 1949. She graduated from George C. Marshall High School in Fairfax County, Virginia, then attended Syracuse University and she earned a bachelors degree there in 1968 and a masters degree in 1972. In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed, one of the cards featured Switzers name and picture. After her coach insisted a marathon was too far to run for a woman, Switzer trained for. It was another five years before women were allowed to compete. Her finishing time of approximately 4 hours and 20 minutes was nearly an hour behind the first female finisher and she registered under the gender-neutral K. V. Switzer, which she said was not done to mislead the officials. She stated she had long used K. V. Switzer to sign the articles she wrote for her university paper, Switzer was issued a number through an oversight in the entry screening process, and was treated as an interloper when the error was discovered. Race official Jock Semple attempted to remove her from the race while shouting, Get the hell out of my race. Photographs taken of the incident made world headlines, afterwards, Boston Athletic Association director Will Cloney was asked his opinion of Switzer competing in the race. Cloney said, Women cant run in the Marathon because the rules forbid it, unless we have rules, society will be in chaos. I dont make the rules, but I try to carry them out and we have no space in the Marathon for any unauthorized person, even a man. If that girl were my daughter, I would spank her, because of her run, the AAU barred women from all competitions with male runners, with violators losing the right to compete in any races. Switzer, with other runners, tried to convince the Boston Athletic Association to allow women to participate in the marathon. Finally, in 1972, women were allowed to run the Boston Marathon for the first time. Switzer was the winner of the 1974 New York City Marathon. Her personal best time for the distance is 2,51,37
13.
Johnny Kelley
–
John Adelbert Johnny Kelley was an American long-distance runner who twice represented his native country at the Summer Olympics, in 1936 and 1948. Born in West Medford, Massachusetts as one of ten children, Kelley ran track and he did not finish his first Boston Marathon in 1928, but eventually competed in a record 61 Boston Marathons. A legend of the marathon, Kelley won the 1935 and 1945 runnings of the Boston Marathon and he finished in second place at Boston a record seven times. Between 1934 and 1950, he finished in the top five 15 times at Boston, consistently running in the 2 and he ran his last full marathon at Boston in 1992 at the age of 84, his 61st start and 58th finish there. For two more years he ran the last seven miles, Kelley also ran the Yonkers Marathon 29 times. A member of the U. S. Olympic Team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, Kelley ran his 50th Boston Marathon in 1981, the event was also his 108th career marathon. Kelley was named Runner of the Century by Runners World magazine in 2000, according to his New York Times obituary, he enjoyed painting and worked in natural landscapes, producing about 20 paintings a year. John A. Kelley should not be confused with 1957 Boston Marathon winner John J. Kelley, in an effort to distinguish them, the two champions came to be known as Kelley the Elder and Kelley the Younger, respectively. For me, the race these days is to try to beat the girls to the finish, at age 70 he was still running 50 miles a week and around 15 races a year. He is buried in Quivet Neck Cemetery, East Dennis, Massachusetts, list of winners of the Boston Marathon Les Pawson Ellison Brown Running Past profile Boston Globe obituary Johnny Kelley. Obituary at ESPN Photo story and obituary in the Boston Globe Retrieved 2008-03-19 Postcards written and sent by Johnny Kelley from the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games
14.
Billy Mills
–
William Mervin Billy Mills, also known as Makata Taka Hela, is a Native American who won a gold medal in the Olympic Games. He accomplished this feat in the 10,000 meter run at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and his 1964 victory is considered one of the greatest Olympic upsets, because he was a virtual unknown going into the event. A former United States Marine, Billy Mills is a member of the Oglala Lakota Tribe, william Mervin Mills was born in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, and was raised on the impoverished Pine Ridge Indian Reservation for Oglala Sioux people. His given native name, Makata Taka Hela, loosely means love your country and he was orphaned when he was twelve years old. Mills took up running while attending the Haskell Institute, which is now known as Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Mills was both a boxer and a runner in his youth, but he gave up boxing to focus on running. He attended the University of Kansas on an athletic scholarship and he was named a NCAA All-America cross-country runner three times and in 1960 he won the individual title in the Big Eight cross-country championship. The University of Kansas track team won the 1959 and 1960 outdoor national championships while Mills was on the team, after graduating with a degree in physical education, Mills entered the United States Marine Corps. He was a First Lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve when he competed in the 1964 Olympics, Mills qualified for the 1964 Summer Olympics on the U. S. Track and Field Team in the 10,000 meter and the marathon, the favorite in 1964 for the 10,000 m was Ron Clarke of Australia, who held the world record. The runners expected to him were defending champion Pyotr Bolotnikov of the Soviet Union, and Murray Halberg of New Zealand. He had finished second to Gerry Lindgren in the U. S. Olympic trials and his time in the heats was a full minute slower than Clarkes time. Clarke set the tone of the race and his tactic of surging every other lap appeared to be working. Halfway through the race, only four runners were still with Clarke, Mohammed Gammoudi of Tunisia, Mamo Wolde of Ethiopia, Kokichi Tsuburaya of Japan, Tsuburaya, the local favorite, lost contact first, then Wolde. With two laps to go, only two runners were still with Clarke, on paper, it seemed to be Clarkes race. He had run a record time of 28,15.6. Mills and Clarke were running together with Gammoudi right behind as they entered the final lap and they were lapping other runners, and Clarke was boxed in down the backstretch. He pushed Mills once, then again, then Gammoudi pushed them both and surged into the lead as they rounded the final curve. Clarke recovered and began chasing Gammoudi while Mills appeared to be too far back to be in contention, Clarke failed to catch Gammoudi, but Mills pulled out to lane 4 and sprinted past them both
15.
Clarence DeMar
–
Clarence Harrison DeMar was a U. S. marathoner, winner of seven Boston Marathons, and Bronze medalist at the 1924 Paris Olympics. He was known by the nickname Mr. DeMarathon, DeMar was born in Madeira, Ohio. The 1910 Boston marathon was DeMars first, he finished 2nd, later in 1910 he was advised by a doctor that he had a heart murmur and should stop running within a year or two. Nevertheless, he won in 2,21,39, a course record, although DeMar ran a few races after the Olympics, he soon took a break from serious competition. In June 1915 DeMar received an Associate of Arts degree from Harvard while working as a printer in the Boston area, DeMar resumed marathoning in 1917, finishing third in the Boston marathon despite training little, and then set a course record in the Brockton Fair marathon. Some time later he was drafted into the army, although he ran some races while in the army, DeMar did not return to serious competition until 1922, when he again won the Boston marathon in a course record 2,18,10. He repeated the victory in 1923 and 1924, in the latter year the full Olympic distance –26 miles,385 yards – was run. He was selected as one of the six runners on the U. S Olympic marathon team for the 1924 Summer Olympics, DeMar continued his success with a second-place finish at the 1925 Boston marathon, and a third-place finish the next year. He won at Boston again the year to secure a spot in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He would win one more Boston marathon, in 1930 at the age of 41, in 1929 DeMar married and took a job teaching printing and industrial history at Keene Normal School to secure a more stable income. He spent time at Camp Zakelo supervising the publication of the camp newspaper. In the fall of 1932 he began to work on a degree at Boston University. He ran, walked, and hitchhiked to Boston from Keene, New Hampshire, DeMar continued running until shortly before his death, running his last Boston marathon at age 65 and running a 15 kilometer race at age 69. He died of cancer at the age of 70, in 2000 he was inducted into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame. The Clarence DeMar marathon has been held in Keene annually since 1978 in his honor, list of winners of the Boston Marathon DeMar, Clarence H. Postcards written by Clarence DeMar from Running Past
16.
Steve Prefontaine
–
Steve Roland Pre Prefontaine was an American middle and long-distance runner who competed in the 1972 Olympics. Prefontaine once held the American record in seven different distance track events from the 2,000 meters to the 10,000 meters, Prefontaine died in May 1975 at the age of 24 in an automobile accident in Eugene, Oregon. The career of Steve Prefontaine, alongside Jim Ryun, Frank Shorter, and Bill Rodgers generated considerable media coverage, Prefontaine was often known for his mustache and his long locks of hair that parted as he ran. Prefontaine was born on January 25,1951, in the logging town of Coos Bay. His father, Raymond Prefontaine, was a carpenter and a welder after his time serving in the U. S. Army in World War II, steves mother, Elfriede, worked as a seamstress. The two returned to Coos Bay after Ray had met Elfriede in Germany while serving with the U. S. Army occupation forces and he had two sisters, Neta and Linda, and they all grew up in a house built by their father. Prefontaine was a person, even during his formative years. He was always moving around, partaking in different activities, in junior high, Prefontaine was on his school’s football and basketball teams, but was rarely allowed to play because of his short stature. In the eighth grade, he noticed several high school cross country team members jog to practice past the football field, later that year, he began to realize he was able to compete well in longer distance races in his physical education class during a three-week conditioning period. By the second week of the daily mile runs, Prefontaine was able to finish second in the group, with this new-found success, he fell in love with cross country. Prefontaines freshman and sophomore years were decent, and he managed a 5,01 mile personal best in his first year, though starting out as the seventh man, he progressed to be the second by the end of the year and placed 53rd in the State Championship. In his sophomore year, he failed to qualify for the meet in his event. However, his coach recalls that it was his sophomore year where his potential in the sport began to surface. With the advice of Walt McClure, Prefontaine’s high school coach and he went through his junior cross country season undefeated and won the state title. In his senior year, many of his highest goals were set. He obtained a record at the Corvallis Invitational with a time of 8,41.5, only one and a half seconds slower than his goal. He won two more State titles that year after another undefeated season in both the one and two mile distances, Prefontaine was recruited by 40 colleges across the nation, and he received numerous phone calls, letters, and drop-in visits from coaches. Prefontaine referred many of his calls to McClure, who wanted Prefontaine to attend the University of Oregon, McClure turned away those universities that began recruiting him late
17.
Alberto Salazar
–
Alberto Salazar is an American track coach and former world-class long-distance runner. Born in Cuba, Salazar emigrated to the United States as a child with his family and they moved to Manchester, Connecticut and then to Wayland, Massachusetts, where Salazar competed in track and field in high school. Salazar is best known for his performances in the New York City Marathon in the early 1980s and he held American track records of 13,11.93 for 5,000 m and 27,25.61 for 10,000 m –. Salazar currently is the coach of the Nike Oregon Project in Portland. He won the IAAF Coaching Achievement Award in 2013 during a ceremony hosted by the International Athletics Foundation in Monaco, in June 2015, Salazar was named in a joint BBC Panorama and ProPublica investigation into doping allegations. Born in Cuba, Salazar grew up in Wayland, Massachusetts and his father Jose was a close friend of Fidel Castro and fellow Cuban revolutionary, who became an opponent of the Communist government and member of the anti-Castro movement. The younger Salazar was a high school runner who was state cross country champion in 1975. He trained wıth the well known Greater Boston Track Club where he was given the nickname of the rookie. Salazar won the 1978 NCAA national cross country championship in cold, snowy conditions, neither time has been matched in over three decades of NCAA cross country competition since then. Salazar and Rodgers had a duel at the Gurnet Classic Beach Run in Duxbury during the 1970s. At the 1978 Falmouth Road Race after fading to 10th place, from 1980 through 1982, Salazar won three consecutive New York City Marathons. His first-ever marathon, the 1980 New York City race, resulted in a 2,09,41 win, at the time the fastest American debut and the second-fastest time recorded by a U. S. runner. In 1981, Salazar set an apparent world record at the New York City Marathon of 2,08,13, surpassing the 12-year-old mark of 2,08,33 set by Australian Derek Clayton in 1969 in Antwerp, Belgium. However, the course was found on re-measurement to be about 148 meters short of the 42.195 kilometre distance and this is equivalent to about 27 seconds. Salazar enjoyed success in cross country competition, earning several All American honors in collegiate and post-collegiate national championships, Salazar was also the U. S. national cross country champion in 1979. He fared well at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, finishing second in 1982 and his silver medal in 1982 marks the last time an American male reached the podium in World Cross Country. He finished as the top ranker in Track & Field News magazines North American Road Rankings for 1983. He was also the 10,000 meter national track champion in 1983 and he was considered a favorite to win or medal in the 1984 Summer Olympics, but finished a disappointing 15th in 2,14,19 under the hot Los Angeles sun
18.
Bill Dellinger
–
William Bill Solon Dellinger is a retired American middle-distance runner. He competed in the 5,000 m at the 1956,1960 and 1964 Olympics and won a medal in 1964. He lettered in track at the University of Oregon in 1954,1955, upon retirement from competition, Dellinger took a position as the assistant coach to Bill Bowerman for the Oregon Ducks track and field team. After Bowermans retirement in 1972, he took a job as head coach, in his 25 years of coaching, Dellingers men won five NCAA titles, achieved 108 All American honors, and had a 134-29 meet record. Dellinger also coached many post-collegians including Olympians Mary Decker, Alberto Salazar, Matt Centrowitz, Don Clary, and many others. Dellinger retired from the University of Oregon in 1998 and would join his mentor, Bill Bowerman, as an inductee in the National Track. Since retirement, he has stayed out of the Track and Field world, except for a few appearances at meets named in his honor
19.
Craig Virgin
–
Craig Steven Virgin is an American distance runner. He was born in Belleville, Illinois and grew up near Lebanon, while in high school, Virgin won 5 state championships as well as setting the national outdoor high school 2-mile record of 8,40.9. He was Track and Field News High School Athlete of the Year in 1973, while attending the University of Illinois, he won nine Big Ten Conference championships, nine All American awards as well as the 1975 NCAA Cross Country championship. He was a three-time Olympic qualifier at 10,000 meters, Virgin enjoyed success in cross country, road racing, and track. He enjoyed success in the few marathons he ran, his fastest time coming in a 2nd-place finish in the 1981 Boston Marathon. On the track he was a national champion in the 10,000 meters at the U. S. National Track & Field Championships. In cross country he was a member of the U. S. squad at the World Cross Country Championships. His biggest international accomplishment was being the first American man to win the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and he retired from competitive racing in 1992. In 2001, he was inducted into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame, also in 2011, he was inducted into the National USA Track & Field Hall of Fame, after being selected in 2010. Virgin deferred his induction for one year so he could be inducted at the USATF General Meeting that was held in St. Louis in 2011, during his professional career he ran for the Saint Louis Track Club. He was eliminated in the 10, 000-metre heats at both the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics and the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics. In 1980, ten days before the Olympics began, he ran the second fastest 10,000 meter race in history, but due to the U. S. boycott was not allowed to participate in the games
20.
Bill Bowerman
–
William Jay Bill Bowerman was an American track and field coach and co-founder of Nike, Inc. Over his career, he trained 31 Olympic athletes,51 All-Americans,12 American record-holders,22 NCAA champions and 16 sub-4 minute milers, Bill Bowerman was born in Portland, Oregon. His father was former Governor of Oregon Jay Bowerman, his mother had grown up in Fossil, the family returned to Fossil after the parents divorced in 1913. Bowerman had a brother and sister, Dan and Mary Elizabeth Beth, and a twin brother, Thomas. Bowerman attended Medford and Seattle schools before returning to Medford for high school and he played in the high school band and for the state champion football team his junior and senior years. Bowerman first met Barbara Young, the woman he would marry, while a school student. In 1929, Bowerman attended the University of Oregon to play football and he was a member of Beta Theta Pi Fraternity. After graduating he taught biology and coached football at Franklin High School in Portland in 1934, in 1935, Bowerman moved back to Medford to teach and coach football. Bowerman married Barbara Young on June 22,1936 and their first son, Jon, was born June 22,1938. William J. Bowerman, Jr. was born November 17,1942, Bowerman had been in the ROTC and Army Reserve, and then joined the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant in the days following the Pearl Harbor attack. He was assigned to Fort Lawton in Washington and served a year there before being assigned to the 86th Mountain Infantry Regiment at Camp Hale in Leadville, along with the 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, his regiment would become the 10th Mountain Division. Bowermans duty entailed organizing the supplies and maintaining the mules used to carry the supplies in the mountains. On December 23,1944, the arrived in Naples, Italy. During his tour of duty, Bowerman was promoted to commander of the 86th Regiments First Battalion at the rank of Major, Bowerman negotiated a stand-down of German forces near the Brenner Pass in the days before the surrender of the German army in all of Italy. For his service, Bowerman received the Silver Star and four Bronze Stars and he was honorably discharged in October 1945. After the war, Bowerman returned to his position at Medford High School, Bowermans third son, Tom, was born May 20,1946. The family then moved to Eugene, Oregon, where he became the track coach at the University of Oregon on July 1,1948. Bowermans Men of Oregon won 24 NCAA individual titles and four NCAA team crowns and his teams also boasted 33 Olympians,38 conference champions and 64 All-Americans
21.
Browning Ross
–
Harris Browning Ross is often referred to as the father of long distance running in America. H. Browning Ross, nicknamed Brownie by his friends, was a resident of Woodbury in Gloucester County, New Jersey. He devoted his life to spreading his love and enthusiasm for long running and is often credited as the cornerstone to the development of long distance runners in the States today. Ross did not grow up possessing a love for running, in, fact it was not until he was cut from Woodbury High Schools baseball team that he took up running. It was not long before his second choice of sport was a true calling, in the spring of 1943, his senior year, he was crowned the N. J. State Mile Champion and National Interscholastic Indoor Mile Champion, like many teenagers during his generation, Ross graduated from high school and went straight into military service. He joined the Navy and fought in World War II, upon discharge several years later, he was discovered by Villanova University track coach Jim Jumbo Elliott and awarded a scholarship after a victory in a two-mile race at Madison Square Garden. Ross was one of Elliotts first magnificent runners at Villanova during the late 1940s, in 1948 he won the NCAA steeplechase championship, which paved the way for his 1948 U. S. Olympic Team qualification weeks later. Ross competed in the 1948 London Olympics where he became the only American to compete in the steeplechase final, after the Olympics were over Ross decided to stay in Europe and postpone his return trip to the United States because he wanted to compete in road races held in Ireland. It was there that he discovered a vast resource of running talent, Elliott heeded his advice, and thus began Villanovas tradition with its long line of Irish runners. Ross, however, did not match the success in the 1952 Olympics held in Helsinki. He qualified to compete but never reached the finals in any competition, at the 1951 Pan American Games, Ross placed 1st in the 1500 meter run, shared 1st in the 3000 meter steeplechase, and finished 4th in the 5000 meter run. A controversy occurred in the 3000m steeplechase, where two Americans, Curt Stone and Ross, had pulled away from the field, Stone slowed down on the last straightaway and held Rosss hand as they crossed the line together. With such passion for the sport he loved it was inevitable that Ross would continue to stay involved even after his heyday of running, in 1955 he recognized the need for distance running results to be published and widely distributed in order to increase the publics awareness of the sport. In 1956 he created the Long Distance Log the only publication devoted exclusively to long running in the USA. The first issues were mimeographed on the backs of recycled high school history tests, the Log would become the major instrument to unite runners and address their concerns over the next 20 years. He was the first editor-in-chief of the magazine, which mailed monthly to about 1,000 subscribers throughout the country until 1975, in 1958 Ross founded the Philadelphia Road Runners Club, which later became the national Road Runners Club of America. The club today boasts of more than 180,000 members nationwide, sources Won 8 National AAU Cross Country Championships
22.
Jim Ryun
–
James Ronald Ryun is an American track and field athlete who won a silver medal in the 1968 Summer Olympics in the 1,500 metre run. He was the first high school athlete to run a mile in four minutes. Ryun is the last American to hold the record in the mile run. A Republican, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1996 to 2007, Ryun represented Kansass 2nd congressional district. According to Ryun, he began running because I couldnt do anything else, I found myself trying out for the cross-country team and running two miles even though Id never run that distance before. All of a sudden, I made the team, I got a letter jacket, but thats how it all began. In 1964, as a high school junior, Ryun became the first high school athlete to run a mile in under 4 minutes and his time of 3,55.3 in 1965 was a high school record that stood for 36 years. In 2001, it was broken by Alan Webbs time of 3,53.43, Ryun ran a sub-four minute mile five times while in high school. He is the high school athlete to have run more than three sub-four minute miles. As a high school senior he was voted the fourth best miler in the world by Track & Field News, ESPN. com named him the best high school athlete of all time, beating out people such as Tiger Woods and LeBron James. He was Track and Field News High School Athlete of the Year in 1965, in 1966, at age nineteen, Ryun set world records in the mile and the half-mile. He received numerous awards, including Sports Illustrated magazines Sportsman of the Year award, in 1967, Ryun set a world record in the indoor half mile and the outdoor mile from, a record that stood for almost eight years. That same year he set the record for the 1,500 meters. In NCAA competition, Ryun was the 1967 NCAA outdoor mile champion and he was also the NCAA indoor mile champion in 1967,1968, and 1969. Ryun still holds the American junior records at 1,500 m, one mile and his American junior record in the 800 meters, while actually ratified as his finishing time in the longer 880 yard run, lasted exactly 50 years. In all, he broke the American record for the four times, once as a high school senior, twice as a college freshman. Ryun participated in the 1964,1968, and 1972 Summer Olympics, at age 17 years,137 days in 1964, he remains the youngest American male track athlete to ever qualify for the Olympics. In 1968, he won the medal in the 1,500 meters in Mexico City, losing to Kip Keino from Kenya, whose remarkable race remained the Olympic 1
23.
Bob Schul
–
Robert Keyser Bob Schul is a former American long-distance runner. As of 2016, he is the only American to have won an Olympic gold medal in the 5000 m, Schul, born and raised on a farm in West Milton, Ohio, was born with asthma, which bothered him throughout his career. As told by his brother Larry he started running as a child against his brothers in Indian relays where one would start at the back of the pack and this would come to be one of the tactics he would later use in his running. He started running for his school in grade and continued through high school. He continued his career in 1956, at Miami University in Ohio. He joined the Air Force and for a year had limited training because of Air Force schooling, in May 1960, he was assigned to Oxnard AFB in California and Max Truex became his commanding officer. In June, after one month of training, Schul ran the USA championships, he placed fifth in his trial race. In 1961, Truex introduced Schul to Hungarian coach Mihály Iglói, under Iglóis training, Schul finished third at the national championships in the 3000 m steeplechase. In 1962, he ran well indoors at two miles, with only one American, Jim Beatty, running faster, however, after several poor races that spring, Schul was diagnosed with mononucleosis and spent three months in an Air Force hospital. The next winter, Schul became the US Indoor Champion, running 13,39.3 for three miles, a few weeks later, he ran the third fastest indoor two miles ever, though losing to Beattys world record time of 8,30.7. With a partially torn soleus muscle, Schul placed third in the Pan American Games at 5K, returning to Miami University in the fall of 1963, Schul continued using Iglóis training methods, with some innovations. The highlights of his 1964 indoor season were a new American record time for three miles,13,31.4, and two wins over 10,000 meters world record holder Ron Clarke of Australia. Schul posted an extremely impressive outdoor season in 1964, not losing a race and beating among others Bruce Kidd, Gerry Lindgren, Billy Mills, Bill Baillie. Schul first broke the American record in the 5000m at Compton, Schul did not run in the NCAA Championships that year, as he thought it unfair for a twenty-six-year-old to be running against younger opponents. He won both the US Championship and the separately held Olympic Trials that year. On August 29,1964, Schul set a new record for two miles of 8,26.4, eclipsing the previous mark of 8,29.6 by Michel Jazy of France. The Olympic final was held in heavy rain. In the last lap, Jazy appeared poised to take the gold, as he had opened up a lead on the back stretch, however
24.
Marty Liquori
–
Martin Liquori is a retired American middle distance athlete. Liquori rose to fame when he became the third American high schooler to break the mile by running a 3,59.8 in 1967. He grew up in Cedar Grove, New Jersey and attended Essex Catholic High School, after high school, Liquori enrolled at Villanova University. There he was coached by Jumbo Elliott, Liquori made the U. S. Olympic team in 1968 as a nineteen-year-old freshman. He reached the finals of the 1,500 meter run but suffered a stress fracture and he was the youngest person ever to compete in the final. In 1969, he finished second to Ryun in the NCAA indoor mile, then won the NCAA and AAU outdoor mile championships by turning the tables on Ryun and beating him. He repeated the AAU outdoor in 1970 and had his best year in 1971, winning the NCAA and AAU outdoor titles, in 1969 and 1971 he was ranked number 1 in the world for 1500 meters/mile. In 1977 he was ranked number 1 in 5000 meters and set a U. S. record of 13,15.1 while finishing second to Miruts Yifter in the inaugural World Cup. On May 16,1971, Liquori lowered his personal best to 3,54.6 in the Dream Mile in Philadelphia, but Liquori was injured later that year. He didnt return to competition until 1973, in 1975 he ran a personal best 3,52.2 in the mile, finishing second to Filbert Bayi, and set a United States record of 8,17.12 in the 2 mile. Liquori retired from competitive running in 1980. He has written an autobiography, On The Run, and he also wrote Guide to the Elite Runner and he was a founder of The Athlete Attic Footwear chain in 1971. He does commentary for NBC at the Olympics and at various track, Liquori was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which is now in remission. TheFinalSprint. coms interview with Olympian Marty Liquori
25.
Johnny Hayes
–
John Joseph Johnny Hayes was an American athlete, a member of the Irish American Athletic Club, and winner of the marathon race at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Hayes Olympic victory contributed to the growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States. Born in New York City to a family of Irish emigrants, Hayes is one of only three male American athletes to win the Olympic Marathon. In 1905 he had joined Bloomingdale Brothers as an assistant to the manager of the goods department. At night he trained on a track on the roof of the Bloomingdales building in New York. He was promoted to manager of the department after returning from his Olympic victory, Hayes started his athletics career with a fifth-place finish at the 1906 Boston Marathon, running for the St. Bartholemew Athletic Club in a time of 2,55,38. He improved on that the year by finishing third in Boston with a time of 2,30,38. In 1908 he finished second,21 seconds behind Thomas Morrissey in the Boston Marathon with a time of 2,26,34 and thus qualified for the Olympic Games held in London that same year. The British Olympic Association wanted to start the race in front of Windsor Castle, as a result, the distance was 42 km and 195 m. It took until 1921 for the IAAF to codify that distance as the length of the marathon. Prior to this, races were usually about 25 miles, at the race itself, Dorando Pietri from Italy was the first to enter the stadium. But Pietri took a turn, collapsed, was helped up on his feet by doctors, wobbled. All of the Olympic officials were British, caught up in the drama of Pietris agony, the cheering crowd hardly noticed that he was declared the winner just as second place runner, Hayes, entered the stadium. Pietri was disqualified after the US officials filed a protest, saying Pietri had been aided, despite the official result, Pietri achieved much more fame than Hayes, when Queen Alexandra awarded him a special silver cup. After the dramatic Olympic battle between Pietri and Hayes, public interest was such that a race was organized by professional promoters in November,1908 at Madison Square Garden. The race was won by Pietri by 75 yards, a second match race was held on March 15,1909 and again Pietri won. Both Pietri and Hayes turned professional after the Olympics, and achieved great fame, Hayes was a trainer for the US1912 Olympic team. He later taught physical education and was a food broker, Johnny Hayes died in Englewood, New Jersey
26.
Glenn Cunningham (athlete)
–
Glenn Verniss Cunningham was an American distance runner and athlete considered by many the greatest American miler of all time. He received the James E. Sullivan Award as the top athlete in the United States in 1933. He was born in Atlanta, Kansas, but grew up in Elkhart, Kansas, to Henry Clinton Cunningham, Cunningham was nicknamed the Kansas Flyer, the Elkhart Express and the Iron Horse of Kansas. When the doctors recommended amputating Glenns legs, he was so distressed his parents would not allow it, the doctors predicted he might never walk normally again. He had lost all the flesh on his knees and shins, also, his transverse arch was practically destroyed. However, his determination, coupled with hours upon hours of a new type of therapy, enabled him to gradually regain the ability to walk. It was in the summer of 1919 when he first tried to walk again. He had an attitude as well as a strong religious faith. He competed in both the 1932 Summer Olympics as well as the 1936 Summer Olympics, while on the ship traveling from the U. S. to Germany, he was voted Most Popular Athlete by his fellow Olympians. Cunningham won the Sullivan medal in 1933 for his various running achievements in middle distance, in the 1932 Olympics he took 4th place in the 1500 m, and in the 1936 Berlin Olympics, he took silver in the 1500 meters. In 1934, he set the record for the mile run at 4,06.8. In 1936, he set the record in the 800 m run. In 1938, he set a record in the indoor mile run of 4,04.4. He retired from competition in 1940, many people tried that before and failed. Several theorists proclaimed it was impossible physiologically for humans, runners tried running steady and fast-paced the whole time. Others tried to go steady for the first half then give it all they had, Glenn worried about the strength of his legs burned in his youth, so he started slow - running in the pack. He would be fresher in the second half - and would almost be sprinting the last 100 yards to the finish, Cunningham has a park named after him in his hometown of Elkhart, Kansas. American Miler, Paul J. Kiell, M. D. p.105 Glenn Cunningham MyBestYears. com Interview Spotlight Glenn Cunningham, archived from the original on 2009-11-22
