1.
Mammootty
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Mammootty is an Indian film actor and producer best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he has acted in over 350 films. Mammootty was a lawyer by profession, after establishing himself as a lead actor in the 1980s, he got his major breakthrough with the commercial success of the 1987 film New Delhi. He has won 3 National Film Awards for Best Actor,7 Kerala State Film Awards, in 1998, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India for his contributions towards the arts. He has also received honorary degrees from the University of Kerala in January 2010. Mammootty is the chairman of Malayalam Communications, which runs the Malayalam television channels Kairali TV, People TV and he is also the goodwill ambassador of the Akshaya project, the first district-wide e-literacy project in India. He is the patron of the Pain and Palliative Care Society and he has also been working with the Pain and Palliative Care Centre situated in Kozhikode, India. His father, Ismail, was a farmer and his mother, Fatima and he has two younger brothers, Ibrahimkutty and Zakariah and three younger sisters, Ameena, Sauda, and Shafina. Mammootty had his education from Govt. Later Mammoottys father shifted his family to Ernakulam in the 1960s and his school life was at St. Alberts School and Government School Ernakulam. He did his pre-university course at Sacred Heart College, Thevara and he attended Maharajas College, Ernakulam for his degree. He graduated with a LL. B. from Government Law College, Mammootty practiced law for two years in Manjeri. Mammootty married Sulfath on 1979 and has a daughter, Surumi, Mammoottys younger brother Ibrahimkutty is an actor in Malayalam films and Malayalam TV serials. Ibrahimkuttys son Maqbool Salmaan is also a film actor, Mammoottys debut was in the 1971 film Anubhavangal Paalichakal directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan. His second film was Kaalachakram, a 1973 Malayalam film directed by K. Narayanan, in 1979, he played his first lead role in Devalokam, directed by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. However, this film was never completed and his first release was the 1980 film, Vilkkanundu Swapnangal, directed by Azad, written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. Mammoottys first starring role in a film was the 1980 film Mela, written and directed by K. G. George Mammootty films of the 1980s include Sphodanam, Munnettam. In 1981, he got his first state award in the Best Supporting Actor category for his performance in Ahimsa and his performances included Aalkkoottathil Thaniye and Adiyozhukkukal
2.
Kochi
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Kochi, also known as Cochin, is a major port city on the south-west coast of India by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea and is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala. It is often called Ernakulam, which refers to the specific district, occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. The city was occupied by the Dutch and the British. Kochi ranks first in the number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala. Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine. Kochi is the home to Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy, Kochi is also home for Keralas National Law School, The National University of Advanced Legal Studies. Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi in their writings, variously alluding to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, the Cochin Jewish community called Cochin as Kogin, which is seen in the seal of the synagogue which is still owned by the community. The origin of the name Kochi is thought to be from the Malayalam word kochu azhi, yet another theory is that Kochi is derived from the word Kaci, meaning harbour. The name Cochin implies co-chin, meaning like-China and it looked like China when the Chinese came to the region during the 14th century and installed Chinese nets. Accounts by Italian explorers Nicolo Conti, and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi, after the arrival of the Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation. The city reverted to a closer Anglicization of its original Malayalam name, Kochi and this change in name was challenged by the city municipal corporation but court has later dismissed the plea. Kochi was the centre of Indian spice trade for centuries, and was known to the Yavanas as well as Jews, Syrians, Arabs. Kochi rose to significance as a trading centre after the port Muziris around Kodungallur was destroyed by flooding of Periyar in 1341. The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng Hes treasure fleet. There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, according to many historians, the precursor state to Kingdom of Kochi came into existence in early 12th century, after the fall of the Chera Kingdom. The reign of the Kingdom was hereditary, and the family ruled over the region was known as the Perumpadappu Swaroopam in the local vernacular. Portuguese navigator, Pedro Álvares Cabral founded the first European settlement in India at Kochi in 1500, from 1503 to 1663, Fort Kochi was ruled by Portugal
3.
Mangalore
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Mangalore, officially known as Mangaluru, is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is known as Kudla in Tulu, Kodial in Konkani, Maikāla in Beary and it is located about 352 kilometres west of the state capital, Bengaluru between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges. It is the headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western Karnataka. It developed as a port on the Arabian Sea—remaining, to this day, lying on the backwaters of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers, Mangalore is often used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast. The city has a climate and lies in the path of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoons. Mangalores port handles 75 per cent of Indias coffee and cashew exports, Mangalore was ruled by several major powers, including the Kadambas, Alupas, Vijayanagar Empire, Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Mysore rulers, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, eventually annexed by the British in 1799, Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until Indias independence in 1947. The city was unified with the state of Mysore in 1956, Mangalore is the largest city in Dakshina Kannada district and is one of the most cosmopolitan non-metro cities of India. It is also the largest city in the Coastal and Malnad regions of Karnataka, besides being a commercial, industrial, educational, Mangalore city urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Mulki in the north, covering a distance of over 40 km. The citys landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, freshwater streams, Mangalore was ranked Indias 13th and Karnatakas second most favourable destination for business. Mangalore will be developed as a city under PM Narendra Modis flagship Smart Cities Mission. Mangalore was named after the Hindu deity Mangaladevi, the deity of the Mangaladevi temple or a synonym of Tara Bhagvati of the Vajrayana Buddhist sect. According to local legend, a princess from Malabar named Parimala or Premaladevi renounced her kingdom and became a disciple of Matsyendranath, having converted Premaladevi to the Nath sect, Matsyendranath renamed her Mangaladevi. She arrived in the area with Matsyendranath, but had to settle near Bolar in Mangalore as she fell ill on the way, eventually she died, and the Mangaladevi temple was consecrated in her honour at Bolar by the local people after her death. The city got its name from the temple, one of the earliest references to the citys name was made in 715 CE by the Pandyan King Chettian, who called the city Mangalapuram. The city and the region was a part of the Pandyan Kingdom. Ramesh, President of the Place Names Society of India, Mangaluru was first heard in 1345 CE during the Vijayanagar rule, many shilashasanas of Vijayanagar period refer the city as Mangalapura. Even before that, during the Alupas period, it was referred to as Mangalapura, the city is well known as Mangaluru in Kannada, a reference to Mangaladevi
4.
Goa
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Goa /ˈɡoʊ. ə/ is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan in western India. It is bounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and it is Indias smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Goa is Indias richest state, with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country, Panaji is the states capital, while Vasco da Gama is its largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the influence of the Portuguese. Goa is a former Portuguese province, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961. Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year for its beaches, places of worship and it has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, a biodiversity hotspot. In ancient literature, Goa was known by names, such as Gomanchala, Gopakapattana, Gopakapattam, Gopakapuri, Govapuri, Govem. In the 3rd century BC, Goa was known as Aparantha and is mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy, in the 13th century, the Greeks referred to Goa as Nelkinda. Other historical names for Goa are Sindapur, Sandabur, and Mahassapatam, Goas history goes back 20, 000–30,000 years. The rock art engravings exhibit the earliest traces of life in India. Upper Paleolithic or Mesolithic rock art engravings have been found on the bank of the river Kushavati at Usgalimal. Petroglyphs, cones, stone-axe, and choppers dating to 10,000 years ago have been found in places in Goa, such as Kazur, Mauxim. Evidence of Palaeolithic life is seen at Dabolim, Adkon, Shigao, Fatorpa, Arli, Maulinguinim, Diwar, Sanguem, Pilerne, difficulty in carbon dating the laterite rock compounds poses a problem for determining the exact time period. Early Goan society underwent radical change when Indo-Aryan and Dravidian migrants amalgamated with the aboriginal locals, in the 3rd century BC, Goa was part of the Maurya Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa, between the 2nd century BC and the 6th century AD, Goa was ruled by the Bhojas of Goa. The rule later passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 578 and 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963, from 765 to 1015, the Southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa as the feudatories of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas. Over the next few centuries, Goa was successively ruled by the Kadambas as the feudatories of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, in 1312, Goa came under the governance of the Delhi Sultanate. The kingdoms grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 it was forced to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijayanagara empire, the Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469, when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga
5.
Rajasthan
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Rajasthan is Indias largest state by area. Elsewhere it is bordered by the other Indian states, Punjab to the north, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, and Gujarat to the southwest. Rajasthan is also home to two national reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur and Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar. The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana – the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region – was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur, also known as Pink City, other important cities are Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bikaner, Kota and Ajmer. Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the Vedic Civilisation, kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization. Matsya Kingdom of the Vedic civilisation of India, is said to roughly corresponded to the state of Jaipur in Rajasthan. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar, which is said to have named after its founder king Virata. Bhargava identifies the two districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar and parts of Jaipur district along with Haryana districts of Mahendragarh, bhargava also locates the present day Sahibi River as the Vedic Drishadwati River, which along with Saraswati River formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta. Manu and Bhrigu narrated the Manusmriti to a congregation of seers in this area only, the Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era, marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Gurjars ruled for many dynasties in this part of the country, up to the tenth century almost the whole of North India, acknowledged the supremacy of the Gurjars with their seat of power at Kannauj. The Gurjar Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century, the chief accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of Junaid. Majumdar says that this was acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the progress of Muslim invaders in India. Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, REBARI, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali, all these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land, a number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Meenas were rulers of Bundi, Hadoti and the Dhundhar region, hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu Emperor, was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in 1501. Hem Chandra was killed in the battlefield at Second Battle of Panipat fighting against Mughals on 5 November 1556, maharana Pratap of Mewar resisted Akbar in the famous Battle of Haldighati and later operated from hilly areas of his kingdom
6.
Vishu
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Vishu is the Hindu new year festival celebrated in the Indian state of Kerala and nearby Tulunadu region of Karnataka. The festival follows the cycle of the lunisolar Hindu calendar as the first day of month called Medam. It therefore always falls in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar on or about 14 April every year, the same day, many Hindus elsewhere observe new year as well but the festival is called Vaisakhi or other names. Vishu literally means equal, and in the context it connotes the completion of spring equinox. The festival is notable for its solemnity and the lack of pomp. The festival is marked by family time, preparing colorful auspicious items, in particular, Malayali Hindus seek to view the golden blossoms of the Indian laburnum, money or silver items, and rice. The day also attracts firework play by children, wearing new clothes and the eating a meal called Sadya. The Vishu arrangement typically includes an image of Vishnu, typically as Krishna, people also visit temples like Sabarimala Ayyappan Temple or Guruvayur Sree Krishna temple to have a Vishukkani Kazhcha in the early hours of the day. The day of Vishu is often considered as the first day of the Malayali Hindu calendar, Vishu signifies the suns transit into the Meda Raasi. The Malayalam word kani literally means that which is seen first, the traditional belief is that ones future is a function of what one experiences, that the new year will be better if one views auspicious joyful things as the first thing on Vishu. Therefore Malayali Hindu women spend the day before preparing a setting, usually a tray and this setting is the first thing they see when they wake up on the Vishu day. She then releases the blindfold so one can see the setting, the Sadhya is a major part of all Kerala festivals. However, special dishes called Vishu Kanji, Thoran and Vishu katta are more important on the new year day, the Kanji is made of rice, coconut milk and spices. Vishu katta is a delicacy prepared from freshly harvested rice powder, for Thoran, the side dish, there are also mandatory ingredients. Other important Vishu delicacies include Veppampoorasam and Mampazhappulissery Even temple offerings called bewu bella, include a mix of sweet jaggery, bitter neem, the tradition of buying of new clothes for the occasion of Vishu is called Puthukodi or Vishukodi. There is also a tradition of elders giving money to younger ones or dependents of the family. Another tradition is of giving alms and contributing to community charity, the Vishu new year day is celebrated elsewhere but called by other names. It is called Vaisakhi by Hindus and Sikhs in north and central India, however, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus
7.
Malayala Manorama
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Malayala Manorama is a daily morning newspaper, in Malayalam language, published from Kottayam in the state of Kerala, India by Malayala Manorama Company Limited. It was first published as a weekly on 22 March 1890, the Malayalam title Manorama roughly translates to entertainer. It is also the second oldest newspaper in Kerala in circulation, after Deepika, according to World Association of Newspapers, as of 2011, it holds a position as the fifth most circulating newspaper in the world. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations 2013 figures, it is the third largest circulating newspapers in India, the Malayala Manorama Company is a private LLC corporation owned by the Kandathil family of Kottayam. Malayala Manorama Company was incorporated by Kandathil Varghese Mappillai at Kottayam on 14 March 1888, the company started with one hundred shares of Rs 100 each. The investors paid in four equal instalments, with the first instalment, the company brought a Hopkinson and Cope press, made in London. A local craftsman, Konthi Achari, was hired to make Malayalam types for the imported press, Mappillai had worked for a year as editor of Kerala Mitram, a Malayalam newspaper run by Gujarati businessman Devji Bhimji, in Cochin. First issue of Malayala Manorama published on 22 March 1890 from M. D Seminary Kottayam and it was a four-page weekly newspaper, published on Saturdays. The weekly newspaper became a bi-weekly in 1901, a tri-weekly on 2 July 1918, in 1938, Travancore state proscribed Malayala Manorama daily. Mammen Mappillai was convicted and imprisoned on charges of corruption and fraud, Malayala Manorama re-commenced regular publication in 1947. On K. C. Mammen Mappillas death, his eldest son K. M, cheriyan took over as the Editor-in-Chief in 1954. Malayala Manorama was produced in an edition in the central Kerala town of Kottayam with a circulation of 28,666 copies. However, by the late 1950s, Manorama steadily increased circulation and overtook Mathrubhumi in circulation, the struggle between Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi demonstrated the forces that would drive the expansion of Indian regional newspapers. The contest also illustrated the difficulties if expansion had to rely on Gutenberg-style printing as with the case of Manorama, comparison of circulation Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi In 1962, Mathrubhoomi launched its second edition in Kochi. The new edition sent Mathrubumi to a circulation of 170,000 copies by 1964,19,000 more than its rival, with Mathrubhoomis circulation rising, it became a compulsion for Manorama to expand its reach, and consequently, introduce new technology. The competition set off a struggle for more readers, faster equipment. Manorama launched its centre at Calicut, Malabar in 1966 with a cast-off press from the papers base at Kottayam. But in the run-up to that event, it had installed an offset press at Kottayam, by 1970, it was the leading daily in Kerala
8.
Gangster film
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Mob films — or gangster films — are a subgenre of crime films dealing with organized crime, often specifically with the Mafia. Especially in early mob films, there is overlap with film noir. The American movie The Black Hand is thought to be the earliest surviving gangster film. In 1912, D. W. Griffith directed The Musketeers of Pig Alley, critics have also cited Regeneration as an early crime film. Though mob films had their roots in such silent films, the genre in its most durable form was defined in the early 1930s and it owed its innovations to the social and economic instability occasioned by the Great Depression, which galvanized the organized crime subculture in the United States. The years 1931 and 1932 saw the genre produce three enduring classics, Warner Bros and those suffering from the Depression were able to relate to the gangster character who worked hard to earn his place and success in the world, only to have it all taken away from him. As the appeal and attraction of gangster movie stars such as Cagney, Robinson, Muni, during the early years of crime film, Scarface, arguably the most violent of gangster films created during the entire decade, particularly was the subject of criticism. This is illustrated by James Cagneys role as a law officer in the 1935 movie G Men and these pictures demonstrate the growing acceptance of crime films during the 1930s as long as criminals were not portrayed in a flattering light. It was now the law officers that the films attempted to glamorize, politics combined with the social and economic climate of the time to influence how crime films were made and how the characters were portrayed. Many of the films imply that criminals are the creation of society, rather than its rebel, the institution of Prohibition in 1920 led to an explosion in crime, and the depiction of bootlegging is a frequent occurrence in many mob films. However, as the 1930s progressed, Hollywood also experimented with the stories of the criminals and bank robbers, such as John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson. However, as the FBI increased in power there was also a shift to favour the stories of the FBI agents hunting the criminals instead of focusing on the criminal characters. In fact, in 1935 at the height of the hunt for Dillinger, many of the 1930s crime films also dealt with class and ethnic conflict, notably the earliest films, reflecting doubts about how well the American system was working. As stated, many films pushed the message that criminals were the result of a moral and economic society. In the 1970s there was a revival of mob films, notably with The Godfather and it was followed by two sequels, The Godfather Part II and The Godfather Part III. It also inspired other mob films such as The Valachi Papers, the 1983 remake of Scarface was not particularly well received at the time of its release, but over time it has come to be seen as a classic of the mob film genre. It went on to films such as King of New York. On the other hand, Sergio Leone shot an epic drama film Once Upon a Time in America, starring Robert De Niro
9.
Malayalam cinema
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Malayalam cinema is the Indian film industry based in the southern state of Kerala, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Malayalam language. Malayalam films are released in India, and a handful of them have been released in the United States, Australia, Germany, the UK, works such as Marana Simhasanam and Vanaprastham were screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Marana Simhasanam garnered the coveted Caméra dOr for that year, in 1982, Elippathayam won the Sutherland Trophy at the London Film Festival, and Most Original Imaginative Film of 1982 by the British Film Institute. Rajiv Anchals Guru and Salim Ahameds Adaminte Makan Abu were Malayalam films sent by India as its official entries for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the Academy Awards. Adoor Gopalakrishnan has won the International Film Critics Prize for his works such as Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan, and Nizhalkkuthu. Piravi won at least 31 international honors, including the Caméra dOr — Mention Spéciale at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, swaham won the Bronze Rosa Camuna at the Bergamo Film Meeting in Italy. The first 3D film produced in India, My Dear Kuttichathan, was made in Malayalam, the first CinemaScope film produced in Malayalam was Thacholi Ambu. During the early 1920s the Malayalam film industry was based in Trivandrum, although the industry started to develop. Later the industry shifted to Chennai, which then was the capital of the South Indian film industry, several media sources describe Kochi as the hub of the film industry, while Kerala government publications state that Trivandrum is the center. Active Malayalam film production did not take place until the half of the 20th century. With support from the Kerala state government production climbed from around 6 a year in the 1950s, to 30 a year in the 1960s,40 a year in the 1970s, to 127 films in 1980. The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by Jose Kattookkaran in 1907, in 1913, the first permanent theatre in Kerala was established in Ollur, Thrissur city by Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope. The first film made in Malayalam was Vigathakumaran, production started in 1928, and it was released in Trivandrum Capitol Theatre on 23 October 1930. It was produced and directed by J. C, Daniel, a businessman with no prior film experience, who is credited as the father of Malayalam cinema. Daniel founded the first film studio, The Travancore National Pictures Limited, a second film, Marthanda Varma, based on a novel by C. V. Raman Pillai, was produced by R. Sundar Raj in 1933. However, after only being shown for four days, the prints were confiscated due to a legal battle over copyright. The first talkie in Malayalam was Balan, released in 1938 and it was directed by S. Nottani with a screenplay and songs written by Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai. It was produced at Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu
10.
T. G. Ravi
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T. G. Ravindranathan, popularly known as T. G. Ravi, is a Malayalam film actor, mainly noted for his roles as a villain. He along with Balan K. Nair played most of the roles in Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s. Ravi was born on 16 May 1944 in an, Ezhuthachan family in Moorkanikkara village, Thrissur, in present day Kerala, initially, he chose to pursue a career in engineering and undertook his degree course through Kerala University in Government Engineering College, Thrissur. He graduated in Mechanical Engineering in 1969, apart from involving in theatre arts, he also represented the University of Kerala in Football and Hockey. He was an artist at The All India Radio where he met Thikkodiyan and he is a noted industrialist and has been instrumental in developing Thrissur as a major base for the rubber based industries. He is the Managing Director of Suntec Tyres Limited and he has also served as the president of The Cochin Devaswom Board which controls the affairs of over 400 temples in Ernakulam, Thrissur and Palakkad districts. He was married to Dr. V. K. Subhadra, seema & Sajitha are his daughters-in-law. Milit, Rijraswa & Mitul are his grandsons and Minal is his granddaughter, Ravi began acting in the plays put up by the young men in his village, Moorkkanikkara, in Thrissur district. He also started acting in professional drama, Radio plays were popular in those days. Thikkodiyan introduced Ravi to Aravindan, a highly acclaimed Malayalam Director, but he didn’t get any offers to act after that, so he produced a film himself, Padasaram, in which he was, predictably, the hero. It flopped at the box office, but the two films he produced, Chora Chuvanna Chora and Chakara, did better. The role of Shaji in Chakara opposite Jayan established him as a villain, among those who noticed him was director Bharathan. He cast Ravi in the role of Kunjippalu in Parankimala, the villain who spoke in the Thrissur dialect proved to be the turning point in his career. After Parankimala, as Ravi starred in hits, including Ee Nadu, Iniyenkilum, Pathamudayam,1921, NH47. He quit acting when he was at his peak, as one of the villains of Malayalam cinema in the late 1980s. T. G. Ravi is now again as an actor. He restarted his career with Sibi Malayils venture Amrutham in 2006 and then made noted performances in Pakal, Cycle, Padasaram Chora Chuvanna Chora Chaakara T G Ravi at the Internet Movie Database T G Ravi at MSI
11.
International Business Times
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The International Business Times is an online news publication, that publishes seven national editions and four languages. The publication, sometimes called IBTimes or IBT, offers news, opinion, IBT is one of the worlds largest online news sources, IBTs 2014 media kit claims that its online properties receive 40 million unique visitors each month. Its 2013 revenues were around $21 million, IBTimes was launched in 2005, it is owned by IBT Media, and was founded by Etienne Uzac and Johnathan Davis. Its headquarters are in a former Newsweek office in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, founder Etienne Uzac, a native of France, came up with the idea for the global business news site while a student at the London School of Economics. He found that the strongest business newspapers had a focus on the U. S and Europe, Uzac recruited Johnathan Davis to join him in the enterprise. In late 2005, Uzac and Davis moved to New York to launch the site, with Uzac primarily focused on business strategy, on August 4,2013, IBT Media, the owner of IBTimes, announced its purchase of Newsweek and newsweek. com from IAC/InterActiveCorp. The purchase did not include The Daily Beast, peter S. Goodman, previously the executive business editor and global news editor of The Huffington Post, became the editor in 2014. From March to July 2016, IBT laid off an estimated 30 percent of its editorial staff and this period marked a new era for the company as it expanded into branded content and events with its sister publication Newsweek. At the same time, Dev Pragad who had started the EMEA business in 2009 was promoted from managing director of Europe to global CEO of Newsweek and this was followed in January 2017 by the appointment of Alan Press in the “newly-created, strategic role of President”. In late 2011, Google allegedly moved the outlets articles down in search results in response to search engine optimization activity. An internal IBT memo allegedly advised IBT journalists on how to re-work a story already done. Some people have been just re-posting the exact same story, with a new headline, similarly, employees told The Guardian in 2014 that that at times they seemed to operate more as content farms demanding high-volume output than a source of quality journalism. At least two journalists were threatened with firing unless traffic to their articles increased sharply. In 2016, IBT hired John Crowley, the Wall Street Journals Europe, Middle East and Africa digital editor, according to The Guardian, “Crowley said his focus would be on helping the site break exclusives, in-depth storytelling and new forms of digital journalism. He said IBT was putting together a UK business desk and hiring an audience team. ”Crowley stated We are not a service or so-called paper of record. But I have a vision of where I want to take a site, weve got to have a USP. make ourselves distinctive in journalistic terms. The standard of content on IBTimes. co. uk has notably improved in recent years with reputable papers such as The Times quoting exclusive content from the publication, sports and entertainment coverage often gets pick up in the British press and on the BBC. In early 2017, International Business Times UK joined a partnership along with the likes of Bloomberg, Channel 4, Media Matters also criticized IBT for publishing an article with the headline Is Climate Change Real
12.
Nyla Usha
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In this Indian name, Usha is a matronymic, not a family name, and the person should be addressed in the given name, Nyla Nyla Usha is an Indian film actress, model, anchor, and radio jockey. After working for nearly a decade as an RJ at Hit 96.7 in Dubai, Nyla was born to Gopakumar and Usha Kumari. She studied at Holy Angels Convent Trivandrum, and All Saints College, Nyla who started modelling at a young age because she was very tall at a young age and initially wished to be an air hostess but became a television presenter in various TV channels. In 2004 she moved to Dubai, United Arab Emirates and joined the radio station Hit 96.7 where she works as a radio jockey. In 2013, Nyla Usha debuted in the Malayalam film industry with Salim Ahameds Kunjananthante Kada, Salim Ahamed had known Nyla since she had interviewed him on several occasions in Dubai and offered her the lead female role. She played the role of Chithira, a woman who is going through an unhappy marriage, later that year she had her second release, Punyalan Agarbattis, in which she played a vibrant girl, similar to the real me. Since she could relate herself to the character, she used her own looks, although she had a major role in Kunjananthante Kada she said that it was her role in Punyalan Agarbathis that fetched her recognition. In April 2014, her film, Aashiq Abus Gangster was released. The film saw her play a modern Muslim girl and being paired opposite Mammootty again, later She Acted As a City Police Commissioner in Deepu Karunakarans Fireman. Where she paired opposite Mammootty again. She is hosting the Malayalam version of Minute to Win it in Mazhavil Manorama and she acted more movies with mega star mammootty Nyla Usha got married to Rona Rajan in January 2007, long before she entered film industry, and has a son Aarnav
