1.
Center for Security Policy
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The Center for Security Policy is a conservative, Washington, D. C. -based think tank. The organizations founder and current president is Frank Gaffney Jr, the Center has been accused of engaging in conspiracy theorizing by a range of individuals, media outlets and organizations. It has been described as not very respected by BBC News. In 2016, the Southern Poverty Law Center described the CSP as a group and a conspiracy-oriented mouthpiece for the growing anti-Muslim movement. In April 1987, during the Reagan Administration, Frank Gaffney and he served in that role for seven months, until was forced from his post in November of that year. If you don’t get your policy analysis in 30 minutes, you get money back. Gaffney founded the CSP in 1988, one of the Centers annual reports later echoed Perles words calling the CSP the Dominos Pizza of the policy business. Former CIA director James Woolsey has co-authored a report for CSP, in 2013, CSP received donations from Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, Northrup Grumman, Raytheon, and General Electric. The group has also received $1.4 million in donations from the Bradley Foundation, on March 16,2016, Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz announced he would appoint Frank Gaffney, founder of the Center for Security Policy, to be his National Security Advisor. Cruz also said his foreign policy team would include three other employees of Gaffneys think tank, Fred Fleitz, Clare Lopez, and Jim Hanson. Terri A. Johnson, executive director of the Center for New Community, the SPLC further criticizes CSPs investigative reports, saying that they are designed to reinforce Gaffneys delusions. One of the CSPs Occasional Papers accused Huma Abedin, then Hillary Clintons aide, in a separate report, the CSP declared that Susan Rice, Richard Haass, and Dennis Ross, were being secretly controlled by a covert Iran lobby. In March 1995, William M. Gaffney has also generated controversy for writing in 2010 that the logo of the U. S. Missile Defense Agency appears ominously to reflect a morphing of the Islamic crescent, official website InsideGov Profile from Graphiq Frank Gaffney Jr. and the Center for Security Policy
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Switzerland
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
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Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
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The Department is always headed by one of the members of the Swiss Federal Council. As of 2012, the department is headed by Federal Councillor Didier Burkhalter and it does so by means of Swiss Foreign Policy, whose objectives have been laid down in Art. Originally it was the rotating Swiss President who headed the Political Department for a one-year term, in 1888, the Department was restructured by Numa Droz, who straight away headed the Department for five years. In 1896, the Federal council returned to the system with a Federal Councillor heading the Department only for a given one-year term. The one-year limitation was abandoned in 1914
4.
Partnership for Peace
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The Partnership for Peace is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former Soviet Union,22 states are members. On April 26,1995 Malta became a member of PfP, on March 20,2008 Malta decided to reactivate their PfP membership, this was accepted by NATO at the summit in Bucharest on April 3,2008. During the NATO summit in Riga on November 29,2006, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia were invited to join PfP, Cyprus is the only European Union member state that is neither a NATO member state nor a member of the PfP program. Turkey, a member of NATO, is likely to veto any attempt by Cyprus to engage with NATO until the dispute is resolved. Christofias successor, Nicos Anastasiades, has publicly supported PfP membership for Cyprus, kosovo has described PfP membership as a strategic objective of the government. Kosovo submitted an application to join the PfP program in July 2012, however, four NATO member states, Greece, Romania, Spain and Slovakia, do not recognize Kosovos independence and have threatened to block their participation in the program. To be eligible to join, the Kosovan Armed Forces must be established
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Geneva
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Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic, the municipality has a population of 198,072, and the canton has 484,736 residents. In 2014, the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France, within Swiss territory, the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.25 million. This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains, Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world. It is also the place where the Geneva Conventions were signed, Geneva was ranked as the worlds ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, ahead of Frankfurt, and third in Europe behind London and Zürich. A2009 survey by Mercer found that Geneva has the third-highest quality of life of any city in the world, the city has been referred to as the worlds most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital. In 2009 and 2011, Geneva was ranked as, respectively, the city was mentioned in Latin texts, by Caesar, with the spelling Genava, probably from a Celtic toponym *genawa- from the stem *genu-, in the sense of a bending river or estuary. The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis, the name takes various forms in modern languages, Geneva /dʒᵻˈniːvə/ in English, French, Genève, German, Genf, Italian, Ginevra, and Romansh, Genevra. The city in origin shares its name, *genawa estuary, with the Italian port city of Genoa, Geneva was an Allobrogian border town, fortified against the Helvetii tribe, when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire, and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century, having been connected to the bishopric of Vienne in the 4th. In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, around this time the House of Savoy came to dominate the city. In the 15th century, a republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council. In 1541, with Protestantism in the ascendancy, John Calvin, by the 18th century, however, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city as its own. France also tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, in 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, on 1 June 1814, in 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of international organizations. Geneva is located at 46°12 North, 6°09 East, at the end of Lake Geneva. It is surrounded by two chains, the Alps and the Jura
6.
Maison de la paix
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The Maison de la paix is a building owned by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. The building was designed by Eric Ott of Neuchâtels IPAS firm and it is the main element of the Campus de la paix. The Maison de la paix is constructed as a series of interconnected divisions, when seen from above, each division resembles a flower petal. Thus, each section of the building is known as a numbered petal, the petal design allows for maximum use of light within the structure. Natural light is used to light and heat the building, petals one through three have large, open atriums that use skylights to pull sunlight from the roof through the center of each petal. These, and other features, help make the Maison de la paix one of the greenest buildings in Suisse Romande, the first two petals were inaugurated in September 2013 with the annual Opening Lecture given by Kofi Annan, one of the Institutes most well-known former students. Classes for the Graduate Institute concurrently commenced in the Maison de la paix, the Maison de la paix houses the classroom space for all of the Graduate Institutes masters and PhD programme courses as well as the office space for its professors and administration. The Maison de la paix is home to the Davis Library, named after alumna and benefactor Kathryn Wasserman Davis, the library hosts 350,000 physical volumes dedicated to the Graduate Institutes areas of study in international and development studies
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DCAF
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The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces is an international foundation whose primary fields of activity include Security Sector Reform and Security Sector Governance. DCAF was founded in 2000 under Swiss law and on the initiative of the Swiss government and its stated aim is to support effective, efficient, and democratically governed security sectors, which are accountable to the state and its citizens. The Centre operates globally with particular emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, dCAF’s outreach projects also cover the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Latin America. DCAF moved into the Maison de la Paix in January 2015, dCAFs Foundation Council comprises 63 governments as well as four governments and two international organisations that hold observer status. DCAFs headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland, and it maintains permanent regional and country offices in Beirut, Brussels, Ljubljana, Ramallah, Tripoli, the Hon. Véronique Bujon-Barré of France is the President of the Foundation Council. The Director of DCAF is Amb, dCAFs budget in 2014 was 35.26 million Swiss francs, of which the government of Switzerland financed 55.3 per cent and other member states and international organisations 44.7 per cent. Supported the development of the first and second United Nations Secretary Generals reports on SSR, marshall European Center of Security Studies. Chairs the PfP Consortium Working Group on SSR, with the Economic Community of West African States, DCAF, Supported the drafting of the Code of Conduct for Armed Forces and Security Services of ECOWAS. Collaborated with the ECOWAS Parliament in the development of Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, continued the development of a DCAF–ECOWAS Toolkit for Security Sector Reform and Governance in West Africa. Hosts the permanent secretariat of the Police Cooperation Convention for Southeast Europe at the DCAF regional office in Ljubljana, Supports the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation in the implementation of the Swiss Regional Police Cooperation Programme in the Western Balkans. DCAF also serves as a member of the Swiss Intermediate Body responsible for the management of migration-focused projects in Romania and Bulgaria, conducts training courses on Security Sector Reform for civil servants and security sector actors. The majority of projects were implemented in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan. In these countries DCAF, Cooperates with national parliaments, governments, security sector institutions, coordinates regional programming on democratic security governance issues. Support the role of institutions at national and institutional levels. Coordinates with the Collective Security Treaty Organization on programming opportunities, since February 2011, DCAF has been reinforcing its cooperation with the government through concluding agreements and developing assistance programmes with several ministries. In July 2011, Tunisia joined the DCAF Foundation Council and became its 60th member state, in order to facilitate the implementation of its cooperation programme, DCAF opened an office in Tunis in October 2011. This office has been part of the Trust Fund programme since June 2012, the database covers the main security providers, as well as oversight institutions and formal management structures. Marsad Tunisia Official website Marsad is the Tunisian Security Sector Observatory and it collects news, analysis and reports related to governance
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