George John Douglas Campbell, 8th and 1st Duke of Argyll, was a British polymath and Liberal statesman. He made a significant geological discovery in the 1850s when his tenant found fossilized leaves embedded among basalt lava on the Island of Mull. He also helped to popularize ornithology and was one of the first to give a detailed account of the principles of bird flight in the hopes of advancing artificial aerial navigation. His literary output was extensive writing on topics varying from science and theology to economy and politics. In addition to this, he served prominently in the administrations of Lord Aberdeen, Lord Palmerston, John Russell and William Gladstone.

John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll,, known as Lord John Campbell until 1839, was a Scottish peer and Whig politician.