1.
Screenwriting
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Screenwriting, also called scriptwriting, is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is frequently a freelance profession, screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the screenplay, and delivering it, in the required format, to development executives. Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably. The act of screenwriting takes many forms across the entertainment industry, often, multiple writers work on the same script at different stages of development with different tasks. Over the course of a career, a screenwriter might be hired to write in a wide variety of roles. The content is usually invented solely by the screenwriter, though spec screenplays can also be based on established works, or real people, the spec script is a Hollywood sales tool. The vast majority of scripts written each year are spec scripts, a spec script is usually a wholly original work, but can also be an adaptation. In television writing, a script is a sample teleplay written to demonstrate the writers knowledge of a show and ability to imitate its style. It is submitted to the producers in hopes of being hired to write future episodes of the show. Budding screenwriters attempting to break into the business generally begin by writing one or more spec scripts, although writing spec scripts is part of any writers career, the Writers Guild of America forbids members to write on speculation. The distinction is that a script is written as a sample by the writer on his or her own. In addition to writing a script on speculation, it is not advised to write camera angles or other directional terminology. A director may write up a shooting script himself or herself, the director may ask the original writer to co-write it with him or her, or to rewrite a script that satisfies both the director and producer of the film/TV show. Spec writing is unique in that the writer must pitch the idea to producers. In order to sell the script, it must have a title, good writing. A logline is one sentence that lays out what the movie is about, a well written logline will convey the tone of the film, introduce the main character, and touch on the primary conflict. Usually the logline and title work in tandem to draw people in and these things, along with nice, clean writing will hugely impact whether or not a producer picks up the spec script. A commissioned screenplay is written by a hired writer, the concept is usually developed long before the screenwriter is brought on, and often has multiple writers work on it before the script is given a green light
2.
Sandbach
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Sandbach is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The civil parish contains four settlements, Sandbach itself, Elworth, Ettiley Heath, known as Sanbec in 1086, Sondbache in 1260, and Sandbitch in the 17th–18th centuries, Sandbach derives its name from the Anglo-Saxon sand bæce, which can mean sand stream or sand valley. Traces of settlement are found in Sandbach from Saxon times, when the town was called Sanbec, little is known about the town during this period, except that it was subjected to frequent Welsh and Danish raids. The towns inhabitants were converted to Christianity in the 7th century by four priests, Cedda, Adda, Betti, the town has an entry in the Domesday Book from 1086, at which time it was sufficiently large to need a priest and a church. The entry states, Sanbec, Bigot de Loges,1 hide and 1½ virgates pay tax. 1 Frenchman has ½ plough,3 slaves, by the 13th century, during the reign of King John, much of the land around the township of Sandbach was owned by Richard de Sandbach who was the High Sheriff of Cheshire in 1230. Richard de Sandbach specifically owned a manor, he claimed an interest in the living of Sandbach and this claim against Earl Randle de Blundeville was unsuccessful. His son, John, however, was more successful as he won an interest temporarily against the Abbot of Dieulacres. The manor in Sandbach passed through families, including the Leghs. It was eventually bought by Sir Randulph Crewe, who became the Lord of the Manor, the charter also allowed for right to establish a Court-leet and a Court of Pied-powder. The original charter is preserved, and can be found in Chester, a reproduction can be found in the Sandbach Town Council chamber. The charter also granted the town the right to two annual fairs, which lasted for two days, and were held around Easter and early September. The Thursday market is held outdoors on Scotch Common, and in. And about 1621 William Webb writes that Our ale here at Sandbach being no less famous than that of a true nappe, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a Scottish army swept down into England before being forced to retreat at the Battle of Worcester. On 3 September 1651 Sandbach summer fair was being held, and a Scottish army of around 1,000 exhausted cavalry men passed through the town, this army had been under the command of David Leslie. The town was not a retreat route, however, as the people of Sandbach. This was the notable event of the Civil War to have happened in Sandbach. As the fair and the took place on the common of the town
3.
Cheshire
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Cheshire is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Wales to the west. Cheshires county town is Chester, the largest town is Warrington, other major towns include Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Macclesfield, Northwich, Runcorn, Widnes, Wilmslow, and Winsford. The county covers 905 square miles and has a population of around 1 million and it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese, salt, chemicals and silk. Cheshires name was derived from an early name for Chester. Although the name first appears in 980, it is thought that the county was created by Edward the Elder around 920, in the Domesday Book, Chester was recorded as having the name Cestrescir, derived from the name for Chester at the time. A series of changes occurred as English itself changed, together with some simplifications and elision, resulted in the name Cheshire. Because of the close links with the land bordering Cheshire to the west. The Domesday Book records Cheshire as having two complete Hundreds that later became the part of Flintshire. Additionally, another portion of the Duddestan Hundred later became known as Maelor Saesneg when it was transferred to North Wales. For this and other reasons, the Welsh name for Cheshire is sometimes used within Wales, after the Norman conquest of 1066 by William I, dissent and resistance continued for many years after the invasion. In 1069 local resistance in Cheshire was finally put down using draconian measures as part of the Harrying of the North, the ferocity of the campaign against the English populace was enough to end all future resistance. Examples were made of major landowners such as Earl Edwin of Mercia, William I made Cheshire a county palatine and gave Gerbod the Fleming the new title of Earl of Chester. When Gerbod returned to Normandy in about 1070, the king used his absence to declare the earldom forfeit, due to Cheshires strategic location on Welsh Marches, the Earl had complete autonomous powers to rule on behalf of the king in the county palatine. Cheshire in the Domesday Book is recorded as a larger county than it is today. It included two hundreds, Atiscross and Exestan, that became part of North Wales. At the time of the Domesday Book, it included as part of Duddestan Hundred the area of land later known as English Maelor in Wales. The area between the Mersey and Ribble formed part of the returns for Cheshire, an example is the barony of Halton. One of Hugh dAvranches barons has been identified as Robert Nicholls, Baron of Halton, in 1182 the land north of the Mersey became administered as part of the new county of Lancashire, thus resolving any uncertainty about the county in which the land Inter Ripam et Mersam was
4.
Alan Partridge
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Alan Gordon Partridge is a fictional character portrayed by English actor and comedian Steve Coogan. Coogan described Partridge as a Little Englander, with right-wing values, Partridge was created by Coogan and Armando Iannucci for the 1991 BBC Radio 4 comedy programme On the Hour, a spoof of British current affairs broadcasting, as the shows sports presenter. In 1992, Partridge hosted a spin-off Radio 4 spoof chat show, Knowing Me, on the Hour transferred to television as The Day Today in 1993, followed by Knowing Me, Knowing You in 1994. It earned two BAFTAs and was followed by a series in 2002. Critics have praised Alan Partridges complexity, realism and pathos, vanity Fair called him a British national treasure and The Guardian described him as one of the greatest and most beloved comic creations of the last few decades. The character has been credited with influencing awkward comedies such as The Inbetweeners, Nighty Night, according to Den of Geek, Partridge has so influenced British culture that Partridgisms have become part of everyday vernacular. Alan Partridge was created for the 1991 BBC Radio 4 comedy programme On The Hour, the shows writers Armando Iannucci, Patrick Marber, Richard Herring and Stewart Lee wrote much of Partridges original material, although Herring credits the creation to Coogan and Iannucci. Iannucci asked Coogan to do a voice for a sports reporter, according to Iannucci, Someone said, Hes an Alan. and someone else said. Within minutes we knew where he lived, wed worked out his back story, Coogan said Partridge was originally a one-note, sketchy character and freak show, but became more and more refined as sort of a dysfunctional alter ego over the years. He had performed a character for a BBC college radio station at university. Following On the Hour, Partridge presented six episodes of a spoof Radio 4 chat show, Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, the series saw Partridge annoy and offend his guests, and coined the characters catchphrase, Aha. In 1993, On the Hour transferred to television as The Day Today, in 1994, Knowing Me, Knowing You transferred to television, the series ends with Partridge accidentally shooting a guest and attacking a BBC commissioning editor, ending his television career. It was nominated for the 1995 BAFTA for Light Entertainment Performance, a Christmas special, Knowing Me, Knowing Yule, was broadcast in December 1995. In 1997, Coogan starred in a sitcom, Im Alan Partridge, written by Coogan, Iannucci, Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. It won the 1998 BAFTA awards for Comedy Performance and Comedy Programme or Series, in 1999, Partridge appeared on the BBC telethon Children in Need, performing a medley of Kate Bush songs. The BBC broadcast a series of Im Alan Partridge in 2002. In March 2003, the BBC broadcast a mockumentary, Anglian Lives, Alan Partridge, about Partridges life, in 2008, Coogan performed a tour titled Steve Coogan as Alan Partridge and other Less Successful Characters, featuring Partridge as a life coach. After a hiatus, Partridge returned in 2010 in a series of YouTube shorts, Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge, Coogan co-wrote the shorts with brothers Neil and Rob Gibbons, who submitted scripts to his company Baby Cow Productions, the brothers have co-written every Partridge project since
5.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
6.
Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa
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The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham, Neil Gibbons, and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, the film was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in America, the film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a £4 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film, a book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, during a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds a rapport with Pat, with Alans co-presenter Sidekick Simon. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pats gun, Alan accidentally locks himself out of the building and loses his trousers trying to get back in through a window. The police realise he is a negotiator and send in an undercover officer disguised as a pizza delivery man. Alan interrupts and takes the pizzas in himself, when Pat discovers a taser in one of the boxes, an argument erupts between the hostages and the police burst in. Pat escapes in the tour bus, bringing Alan and security guard Michael. On the bus, Alan regains Pats trust and they continue to host the radio show, however, Pat sees Alans JUST SACK PAT message in a photo and deduces that Alan was behind his redundancy. Alan hides in the bus toilet compartment and escapes in the septic tank, on Cromer Pier, Pat faces off with Alan and the police. Michael tries to distract Pat by throwing himself off the pier, Pat tells Alan that he is depressed due to the death of his wife and prepares to shoot himself. Unable to pull the trigger, he gives his shotgun to Alan, the gun goes off, shooting Alan in the leg, he is then shot again by a police sniper reacting to gunfire. Lynn arrives and thinks Alan is dead, but a paramedic assures him that he will be fine, Alan returns to North Norfolk Digital with Sidekick Simon and Pat calls the show from jail. Alan goes on holiday with Angela and her sons, several characters from Im Alan Partridge make appearances in the film. The character is a television presenter and radio announcer, whose presenting style is a parody of cliched media reporting or presentation
7.
Bedsitcom
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Bedsitcom is a British reality television hoax series that was broadcast on Channel 4 in December 2003. Pitched as somewhere between a sitcom and a reality TV show, the documented the lives of six young people living in a loft flat in London. Its hook was that its TV audience was aware that three of the participants—named Mel, Paul and Rufus—were actually actors being directed by a trio of writers in a garage on the ground floor, Bedsitcom was commissioned by the Channel Four Television Corporation and produced by Objective Productions. Producers auditioned thousands of people to be the genuine contestants. These six contestants were told that they would be starring in a new reality TV series called Making Friends, the programme ran for a single series of eight episodes and featured various storylines, involving dead goldfish, dodgy dealings, promiscuous mothers and telephone psychics. The show received negative feedback from television reviewers, who criticised the shows premise as a deeply offensive idea. It received a peak of 1.2 million with its final episode. Bedsitcom was not recommissioned for a series and is currently not available either on DVD or on Channel 4s on demand service. Bedsitcom was created by Peter James and Andrew OConnor, and was conceived as a parody of reality television and the traditional sitcom. It combined these two elements by featuring three members of the public being unknowingly placed in extraordinary situations by three actors being directed by writers, after being commissioned for Channel 4 by Danielle Lux, Bedsitcom was produced by Matt Crook and Kirsty Smith of Objective Productions. The show was pitched as somewhere between a sitcom and a reality TV show and was promoted as a new genre of television programme. Its title is a portmanteau of the words bedsit—a British term referring to a form of rented accommodation consisting of a single room, the title is technically a misnomer, as the accommodations bedroom and sitting area were separate, it was not a bedsit. Melanie Ash, Paul Gibbon and Rufus Jones were selected as the three actors to feature in Bedsitcom, Jones had previously portrayed the part of Crispin in the 2002 drama White Teeth, Gibbon had played the lead role of Link in the series Stone Cold. To avoid breaking character, all three used their names while living in the flat and went through weeks of rehearsals. OConnor described the process as exhausting. Six members of the public, named Barrington, Bob, Dave, David, Jessica, the plots for Bedsitcom were devised by a team of writers located in a garage on the ground floor of the apartment building that the contestants were staying in. The writers would appear on screen and explain to the TV audience what their intention for each episode was. They communicated with Ash, Gibbon and Jones either by ringing them on their mobile phones, among the team of writers were Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain, who had created the Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show with OConnor earlier that year, plus Rob Gibbons and Neil Gibbons
