1.
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
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A Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha is the representative of the Indian people to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of Parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses, Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha, the maximum permitted strength of Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha is 552. The majority party in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India, the first instance of Member of Parliament equivalent in India dates back to 9 December 1946, the day Constituent Assembly of India was formed with the purpose of drafting a constitution for India. As opposed to be elected on the basis of adult suffrage, muslims and Sikhs were given special representation as minorities. The Constituent Assembly of India took 2 years,11 months and 17 days to draft the Constitution for Independent India and was dissolved in 1949, on 26 January 1950, the Indian Constitution came into force and the first general elections were held in 1951-1952. The 1st Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 and had 489 constituencies, a person must satisfy all following conditions to be qualified to become a Member of Parliament of the Lok Sabha, Must be a citizen of India. Must not be less than 25 years of age, must be a voter for any parliamentary constituency in India. Candidate of a political party needs one proposer from his constituency for his nomination. An independent candidate needs ten proposers, candidates are required to make a security deposit of ₹10,000. A person would be ineligible for being a Member of the Lok Sabha if the person, has ceased to be a citizen of India. Is so disqualified by any law made by the Indian Parliament, is so disqualified on the ground of defection. Has been convicted, among other things, for promoting enmity between different groups, has been convicted for offence of bribery. Has been punished for preaching and practicing social crimes such as untouchability, dowry, has been convicted for an offence and sentenced to imprisonment. Has been dismissed for corruption or for disloyalty to the State, the term of a Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha is five years from the date appointment for its first meeting. During a state of emergency, the term however can be extended by the Parliament of India by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time, after the state of emergency ends, the extension cannot exceed beyond a period of six months. Broad responsibilities of the Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are, Legislative responsibility, oversight responsibility, To ensure that the executive performs its duties satisfactorily. Representative responsibility, To represent the views and aspirations of the people of their constituency in the Parliament of India, power of the purse responsibility, To approve and oversee the revenues and expenditures proposed by the government
2.
Parliament of India
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The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. The Parliament is composed of the President of India and the houses and it is bicameral with two houses, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President in his role as head of legislature has powers to summon. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and those elected or nominated to either house of Parliament are referred to as members of parliament. The Parliament meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi, the Sansad Bhavan is located in New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, who were responsible for planning, the construction of buildings took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the then Governor-General of India, Irwin. The construction costs for the building were ₹8.3 million, the parliament is 560 feet in diameter and covers an area of 6 acres. The Central hall consists of the chambers of Lok sabha, Rajya Sabha, surrounding these three chambers is the four storied circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses Parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex, the new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Ex, the present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag, the Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head. The President of India, the Head of state is a component of Parliament, the President of India is elected by the members of Parliament of India and the state legislatures and serves for a term of five years. Lok Sabha or the house has 545 members. It has a term of five years, Rajya Sabha or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years and its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members and it currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The number of members from a state depends on its population, the minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years
3.
Ram Naik
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He was instrumental in introducing Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme. He was the BJP candidate for elections to the 14th Lok Sabha representing Mumbai North, but lost to famous Bollywood actor Govinda, a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh volunteer since childhood, he holds a law degree. He started his career with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1964 and was involved in organizing a group of rail commuters in Mumbai. Ram Naik announced in September 2013 that he will not contest the 2014 Lok Sabha Polls, on 14 July 2014 he was named as the Governor of Uttar Pradesh. The theme was immediately backed up by Hindutva groups, subsequently, his Hindutva remarks seems to have been reined in by Narendra Modi. He was born in Atpadi, in Sangli district of Maharashtra state and he married Kunda Naik on 17 May 1960 and has two daughters
4.
Sanjay Nirupam
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Member of Indian Parliament from Indian National Congress party, and currently serves as President of the Mumbai Regional Congress Committee. Nirupam served two terms as an MP in the Rajya Sabha first as a member from the Shiv Sena and he represented North Mumbai Lok Sabha constituency from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of Parliamentary Committees such as the Public Accounts Committee and he opened the 2013–14 budget debate for Congress Party in Parliament. He was Secretary of the AICC and was also Secretary-in-Charge of the important state of Bihar and he is one of the National spokespersons of the Congress Party to express the Partys view on different issues on TV Channels. Sanjay Nirupam lost to BJP candidate Gopal Shetty in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections and he was appointed as President of Mumbai Regional Congress Committee in 2015. In 1988, Nirupam accepted an offer from “Jan Satta” a sister publication of Indian Express which made him move to Mumbai, after working at Jan Satta for about 5 years, he joined Dopahar Ka Saamna a mouthpiece for the Shiv Sena. Nirupam also participated in Bigg Boss, making him one of the first politicians in modern Indian history to do so and he lost the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Mumbai North constituency by a margin of about 4.5 lakh votes. After another poor showing at the polls, this time, the BMC elections in 2017, Nirupam tendered in his resignation as the head of the Congress Party for Mumbai. Mumbai North MP Sanjay Nirupam has a decent fund utilisation of 82 per cent – Indian Express Tue 28 June 2011,00,42 hrs www. sanjaynirupam. com*Ph. D. Awardees
5.
Mumbai
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Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named a world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies, during the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development, during the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon Indias independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State, in 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India and it is also home to some of Indias premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses Indias Hindi and Marathi film and television industry, Mumbais business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India, making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja, in 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name Bombaim, in his Lendas da Índia. This name possibly originated as the Old Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning good little bay, in 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu, Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include, Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, Boon Bay, and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial diwan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i-Ahmedi referred to the city as Manbai. By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in the Indian statewise official languages of Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, the Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. According to Slate magazine, they argued that Bombay was a corrupted English version of Mumbai, Slate also said The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region. A resident of Mumbai is called mumbaikar in the Marathi language, the term has been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of seven islands, Bombay Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and it is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited
6.
Maharashtra
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Four Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India and is Indias second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. It is the wealthiest Indian state and it is also the worlds second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million, Nagpur is Maharashtras second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtras business opportunities along with its potential to offer a standard of living attract migrants from all over India. Ancient and medieval Maharashtra included the empires of the Satavahana dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukyas, Mughals, the major rivers of the state are Godavari, and Krishna. The Narmada and Tapti Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Maharashtra is the second most urbanised state in India. The state has several popular Hindu places of pilgrimage including Pandharpur, Dehu and Alandi, other places that attract pilgrims from other parts of India and beyond include Hazur Sahib Gurudwara at Nanded, Sai Baba shrine at Shirdi and Dikshabhumi at Nagpur. Maharashtra is the wealthiest and one of the most developed states in India, as of 2011, the state had a per capita income of ₹1.0035 lakh, more than the national average of ₹0.73 lakh. Its GDP per capita crossed the ₹1.20 lakh threshold for the first time in 2013, however, as of 2014, the GDP per capita reduced to ₹1.03 lakh Agriculture and industries are the largest parts of the states economy. Major industries include chemical products, electrical and non-electrical machinery, textiles, petroleum, Jai Maharashtra The modern Marathi language developed from the Maharashtri Prakrit, and the word Mahratta is found in the Jain Maharashtri literature. The terms Maharashtra, Maharashtri, Marathi and Maratha may have derived from the same root, however, their exact etymology is uncertain. But the Marathas as a people do not seem to be mentioned before the thirteenth or fourteenth century, the most widely accepted theory among the linguistic scholars is that the words Maratha and Maharashtra ultimately derived from a combination of Maha and rashtrika. The word rashtrika is a Sanskritized form of Ratta, the name of a tribe or dynasty of petty chiefs ruling in the Deccan region. Another theory is that the term is derived from Maha and ratha / rathi, an alternative theory states that the term derives from the word Maha and Rashtra. However, this theory has not found acceptance among scholars who believe it to be the Sanskritised interpretation of later writers. Maharashtra was ruled by the Maurya Empire in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, around 230 BCE Maharashtra came under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty for 400 years. The greatest ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty was Gautamiputra Satakarni, in 90 CE Vedishri, son of the Satavahana king Satakarni, the Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty, made Junnar, thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom. The state was ruled by Western Satraps, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Vakataka, Kadambas, Chalukya Empire, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, and Western Chalukya before finally
7.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
8.
Indian National Congress
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The Indian National Congress is one of two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. Congress was founded in 1885 during the British Raj, its founders include Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, there have been seven Congress Prime Ministers, the first being Jawaharlal Nehru, and the most recent Manmohan Singh. The partys social liberal platform is considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics. From 2004 to 2014, the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance, a coalition of regional parties. As of March 2017, the party is in power in five states, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, in Bihar, it is a part of the ruling coalition. The Congress has previously directly ruled Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, in the 2014 general election, the Congress had its poorest post-independence general election performance, winning only 44 seats of the 543-member house. The party primarily endorses social liberalism—seeking to balance individual liberty and social justice, the Congress was founded in 1885 by Indian and British members of the Theosophical Society movement, including Scotsman Allan Octavian Hume. It has been suggested that the idea was conceived in a meeting of 17 men after a Theosophical Convention held in Madras in December 1884. Hume took the initiative, and in March 1885 the first notice convening the first Indian National Union to meet in Poona the following December was issued. Its objective was to obtain a share in government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic. The first meeting was scheduled to be held in Poona, Hume organised the first meeting in Bombay with the approval of the Viceroy Lord Dufferin. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of the Congress, the first session was held from 28–31 December 1885, representing each province of India, the Partys delegates comprised 54 Hindus and 2 Muslims, the rest were of Parsi and Jain backgrounds. It also included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Mohammed Ali Jinnah—later leader of the Muslim League and instrumental in the creation of Pakistan. The Congress was transformed into a movement by Surendranath Banerjea and Sir Henry Cotton during the partition of Bengal in 1905. Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915, in 1923 following the deaths of policemen at Chauri Chaura, Gandhi suspended the agitation. In protest, a number of leaders, Chittaranjan Das, Annie Besant, the Khilafat movement collapsed and the Congress was split. Although its members were predominantly Hindu, it had members from other religions, economic classes, at the Congress 1929 Lahore session under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, Purna Swaraj was declared as the partys goal, declaring 26 January 1930 as Purna Swaraj Diwas, Independence Day. The same year, Srinivas Iyenger was expelled from the party for demanding full independence, the British government allowed provincial elections in India in the winter of 1936–37 under the Government of India Act 1935
9.
Arun Kumar Ahuja
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Arun Kumar Ahuja was an Indian film actor and producer who was active in the Bollywood film industry in the 1940s and early 1950s. He was best known for acting in Mehboob Khans 1940 film Aurat which was a predecessor of the Oscar nominated 1957 remake Mother India, Ahuja was brought into films by director Mehboob Khan who cast him in the leading role in Ek Hi Raasta in 1939. In 1940, he acted in Mehboob Khans Aurat opposite Sardar Akhtar and he acted in several films throughout the 1940s including Savera where he appeared opposite his future wife Nirmala Devi. He made his last film appearance in Aulad after which he produced a film which was a flop, the losses suffered from his home productions failure resulted in him shifting his entire family from his bungalow in Mumbai to Virar. He lived a life from the mid 1950s through to his death in 1998 at the age of 81 of a heart attack. Ahuja was born in pre-partition Gujranwala, Punjab, India in 1917 and he married singer and actress Nirmala Devi in 1942 after they were cast opposite each other in the film Savera. They were married until Nirmalas death in 1996, together they had four daughters and two sons. His youngest son is actor Govinda and his other son Kirti Kumar is an actor and director. He is grandfather of actors Vinay Anand, Krishna Abhishek, Ragini Khanna, Aarti Singh, Soumya Seth, arun Kumar Ahuja at the Internet Movie Database
10.
Juhu
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Juhu is a neighbourhood of Mumbai. It is most famous for the sprawling Juhu beach and it surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Versova to the north, Santacruz and Vile Parle to the east, and Khar to the south. Juhu is among the most affluent areas of the city and home to many Bollywood celebrities, the nearest railway stations are Santacruz, Andheri and Vile Parle on the Western Line and Harbour Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. The nearest Metro Station is D. N Nagar. There are two minor B. E. S. T bus depots in Juhu. J. R. D. Tata, the father of aviation in India, made his maiden voyage to Juhu Airport from Drigh Road airstrip, Karachi, via Ahmedabad. In the nineteenth century, Juhu was an island, a long and it could be reached during low tides by walking across the tidal inlet. Juhu was called Juvem by the Portuguese, at its north point, nestled the village of Juhu, inhabited by Bhandaris, Agris and Kulbis and at its south point, opposite Bandra island, lived a small colony of fisher folk and cultivators. The inhabitants of Juhu were mainly East Indians and there was a section of Goans. The Church of St. Joseph was built by the Portuguese in 1853, the open beaches of Juhu have attracted the well-heeled and the most affluent among Mumbais population for almost a century. In the 1890s, Jamsetji Tata purchased land on Juhu and built a bungalow there and he planned to develop 1200 acres in Juhu Tara. This was to yield 500 plots of one each and a seaside resort. Simultaneously he wanted to extend the Mahim Causeway to Santacruz, to access to this area, after his death in 1904, the scheme was abandoned. With the dawn of aviation in the 20th century, the Bombay Flying Club commenced operations in 1929 at what became the present Juhu Aerodrome. During the freedom struggle Mahatma Gandhi visited Mumbai and took many walks at Juhu Beach and we may recall the famous photograph of Gandhiji poking his grandson Kanaa during a walk at Juhu Beach, Bombay,1937. To mark Gandhis visit in Juhu, there is statue of Gandhi by the beach. There is also a Gandhi Shiksha Bhavan school in Juhu, in the 1970s Bhaktivedanta Swami started the Hare Krishna Movement and built ISKCON Temple, giving Juhu its global recognition. He also gave various philosophical and spiritual discourses and wrote many books here and his lectures on Bhagavat Samkhya given in ISKCON Juhu has become a important source for research especially in the field of Quantum Mechanics. Juhu enjoys a uniform climate throughout the year, in summers the maximum temperature reaches 35 °C and the minimum temperature is 25 °C
11.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
12.
Film Producer
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Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
13.
Dance
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Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture, Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin. Other forms of movement are sometimes said to have a dance-like quality, including martial arts, gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming. Theatrical dance, also called performance or concert dance, is intended primarily as a spectacle and it often tells a story, perhaps using mime, costume and scenery, or else it may simply interpret the musical accompaniment, which is often specially composed. Examples are western ballet and modern dance, Classical Indian dance and Chinese and Japanese song, most classical forms are centred upon dance alone, but performance dance may also appear in opera and other forms of musical theatre. Such dance seldom has any narrative, a group dance and a corps de ballet, a social partner dance and a pas de deux, differ profoundly. Even a solo dance may be solely for the satisfaction of the dancer. On the other hand, some cultures lay down strict rules as to the dances in which, for example. Archeological evidence for early dance includes 9, 000-year-old paintings in India at the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka and it has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from generation to generation. The use of dance in trance states and healing rituals is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance. References to dance can be found in very early recorded history, Greek dance is referred to by Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch, the Bible and Talmud refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms. In Chinese pottery as early as the Neolithic period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands, Dance is further described in the Lüshi Chunqiu. Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals, during the first millennium BCE in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. Bharata Munis Natyashastra is one of the earlier texts and it mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. It categorizes dance into four types - secular, ritual, abstract, the text elaborates various hand-gestures and classifies movements of the various limbs, steps and so on. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and, notably, the Bollywood entertainment industry. Many other contemporary dance forms can likewise be traced back to historical, traditional, ceremonial, Dance is generally, though not exclusively, performed with the accompaniment of music and may or may not be performed in time to such music. Some dance may provide its own audible accompaniment in place of music, many early forms of music and dance were created for each other and are frequently performed together
14.
Cinema of India
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The cinema of India consists of films produced across India. Cinema as a medium has gained popularity in the country. Indian films have come to be followed throughout South Asia. Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the father of Indian cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, for lifetime contribution to cinema, was instituted in his honour, by the Government of India in 1969, and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema. In the 20th century, Indian cinema, along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries, as of 2013, in terms of annual film output, India ranks first, followed by Nollywood, Hollywood and China. In 2012, India produced 1,602 feature films, the Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $1.86 billion in 2011. This is projected to rise to $3 billion in 2016, in 2015, India had a total box office of US$1.6 billion, the fourth largest in the world outside North America. Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established norms of delivering product. Visual effects based, super hero science fiction, and epic films like Enthiran, Baahubali, Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened. The Indian government extended film delegations to countries such as the United States of America. The provision of 100% foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox, Sony Pictures, Walt Disney Pictures, tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India. By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India, the South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity. They are the Tamil, the Telugu, the Malayalam and the Kannada industries, although developed independently over a long period, gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity. Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4–5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. Following the screening of the Lumière moving pictures in London, cinema became a sensation across Europe, in the next year a film presentation by one Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcuttas Star Theatre. With Stevensons encouragement and camera Hiralal Sen, an Indian photographer, made a film of scenes from that show, the Wrestlers by H. S. Bhatavdekar showing a wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Bombay was the first film ever to be shot by an Indian. It was also the first Indian documentary film, the first Indian film released in India was Shree Pundalik a silent film in Marathi by Dadasaheb Torne on 18 May 1912 at Coronation Cinematograph, Bombay. The female roles in the film were played by male actors, the film marked a historic benchmark in the film industry in India
15.
Comedian
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A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, a comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic. Since the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and this normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e. g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh, Louis C. K. and Malcolm Hardee. Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, often a comics career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award. Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, however, a comics stand-up success does not guarantee a films critical or box office success. Comedians can be dated back to 425 BC, when Aristophanes and he wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive and are still being performed. Aristophanes comedy style took the form of satyr plays, the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare wrote many comedies. A Shakespearean comedy is one that has an ending, usually involving marriages between the unmarried characters, and a tone and style that is more light-hearted than Shakespeares other plays. Charles Chaplin was the most popular comedian of the first half of the 20th century. He wrote comedic silent films such as Modern Times and The Kid and his films still have a major impact on comedy in films today. One of the most popular forms of comedy is stand-up comedy. Stand-up comedy is a monologue performed by one or more people standing on a stage. Bob Hope was the most popular comedian of the 20th century. Other noted stand-up comedians include George Carlin, Jerry Seinfeld, Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Louis CK, another popular form of modern-day comedy is talk shows where comedians make fun of current news or popular topics. Such comedians include Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, Daniel Tosh, Chris Hardwick, Jimmy Fallon, David Letterman, a third form of modern-day comedy is television programs in which many comedians band together to make skits, such as Saturday Night Live. These shows often receive high ratings, likely because many comedians band together to create jokes, one of the most successful comedians is Ellen Degeneres, who has parlayed her comic career into film, television shows, and hosting major media events. In 1986, Ellen DeGeneres appeared for the first time on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson since she began gaining popularity as a comic in the 1980s. Johnny Carson, who launched many contemporary comics careers, would invite them to join him on the couch for one-on-one conversation after their set
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Bollywood
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Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed, according to Matusitz, J. & Payano, P. In 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood, Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema. The name Bollywood is a derived from Bombay, India, and Hollywood, California. Bollywood does not exist as a physical place, some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood. The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood, the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal and it was this chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables, Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name Tollywood being coined. However, Tollywood is now used popularly to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, the term Bollywood itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the worlds largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna. Raja Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke, is known as the first silent feature film made in India, by the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, was a commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals, Bollywood, the 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times, India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, in 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the fare at the cinema. Following Indias independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s is regarded by historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period, examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa and Kaagaz Ke Phool and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara, Shree 420 and Dilip Kumars Aan
17.
Filmfare Awards
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The Filmfare Awards are presented annually by The Times Group to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Hindi language film industry of India. The Filmfare ceremony is one of the oldest film events in India, the awards were first introduced in 1954, the same year as the National Film Awards. They were initially referred to as the Clare Awards or The Clares after Clare Mendonca, a dual voting system was developed in 1956. The ceremony had been sponsored by private organisations in the past as well as in present provisions. During several years in 1990s, a ceremony was broadcast to television audiences but was later discontinued due to unknown reasons. Presently, a recorded and a version of the awards ceremony is televised on SET a week or two after the ceremony has been held. There is no data statistics recorded in reference to T, the Filmfare Awards have been often referred to as the Hindi film industrys equivalent to The Oscars. Filmfare Marathi Awards are also started few years back which gives awards to Marathi films, the Filmfare awards were first introduced in 1954. The Clares was the name of the award ceremony, named after The Times of India critic Clare Mendonca. Readers of Filmfare were polled to decide the winners, and over 20,000 readers spread throughout India participated in the polls, trophies were given to winners of the popular vote. In the first awards function, held on 21 March 1954 at the Metro Theatre of Mumbai, only five awards were presented, Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Music Director. Do Bigha Zameen was the first movie to win the award for Best Film. Filmfare Awards also introduced the Short Film Category in 2017, with Vidya Balan, the People’s Choice Award For Best Short Film was presented to Khamakha. Short films like Chutney, Matitali Kusti and Taandav won awards as well, however, Peck did attend the banquet that followed the award night at Wellington Club, Mumbai. The winners for the year 1985 were announced in 1986 and the event was scheduled to be held at the Brabourne Stadium in December 1986, unfortunately the Bombay film Industry, as was known then went on strike in 86 because of its many contentious issues with the Maharashtra Government. So the ceremony was pushed to the next year, the winners of 1985 were awarded on 28 January 1987. Due to Security reasons, filmfare was not awarded for 1986 and 1987, due to the many award ceremonies in the Indian Film Industry, it is often questioned which ones are real and based on fair decisions made by the jury. The Filmfare went through a phase of controversy in which they were accused of a biased selection when nominating and presenting awards and it was believed that they were not awarded based on merit. The importance of these awards is that it recognizes an industry in which almost a thousand movies per year are produced making it one of the biggest in cinema
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BBC News Online
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BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production. The website is the most frequently accessed news website in the United Kingdom, and forms a part of BBC Online. The website contains international news coverage, as well as British, entertainment, science, BBC News Online is closely linked to its sister department website, that of BBC Sport. Both sites follow similar layout and content options and respective journalists work alongside each other, location information provided by users is also shared with the website of BBC Weather to provide local content. From 1998 to 2001 the site was named best news website at the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards when the category was withdrawn. It has previously won both the Judges award and the Peoples Voice award for best news site at the annual Webby Awards, the website was launched on 4 November 1997, headed by founding editor Mike Smartt and Project Director Bob Eggington. The management team for launch included Dave Brewer, Chris Nuttall, Matthew Karas, Matt Jones, Janet Marsh, Simon George, nic Newman was seconded from BBC World Service to launch and run Talking Point. The broader editorial team was together from within the BBC, from print journalism. A major overhaul in 2003, primarily by Paul Sissons and Maire Flynn, coincided with a relaunch of the BBC News Channel and featured a wider page design. The site launched a set of semi-official RSS0.91 syndication feeds in June 2003, each news index has its own RSS feed, including the in-depth sections. In 2004 the BBC News website partnered with Moreover Technologies, in a response to the 2003 Graf Report, whilst the BBC does not censor or change results the algorithms used tend to give greater weight to national and international sources over regional or local ones. The BBC began providing real-time global user information in June 2006, new features were gradually introduced, including the publicising of video content more prominently, and the introduction of live streaming of the BBC News channel. Beginning on 30 April 2009, some published stories included in-text links, mostly to in-site profile articles on people, the BBC announced on 19 November 2009 that it was to pay more attention to search engine optimisation by extending news headlines. On 14 July 2010 the site was redesigned, with the vertical section headings moved to run horizontally near the top of the page. It was met with mixed opinions, Stephen Fry stated his approval of the redesign, however, there was also criticism, with some stating that the use of white space was too widespread and led to the need for continuous and excessive scrolling. The new design went live on 23 March 2015, there are two different editions of the site, a UK edition, which gives prominence to UK stories, and an international edition, which prioritises international news. Internet users with IP addresses originating from the UK are served the UK edition, the international version contains advertising and an Advertise With Us link at the bottom. All articles are archived indefinitely and can be retrieved via searching or by browsing the extensive Special Reports section, the previous seven days top stories were formerly available through the Week at a Glance section of the website
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National Cadet Corps (India)
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The National Cadet Corps is the Indian military cadet corps with its Headquarters at New Delhi, Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis, National Cadet Corps is a Tri-Services Organization, comprising the Army, Navy and Air Force, engaged in grooming the youth of the country into disciplined and patriotic citizens. The National Cadet Corps in India is an organization which recruits cadets from high schools. The Cadets are given military training in small arms and parades. The NCC in India was formed with the National Cadet Corps Act of 1948 and it was raised on 15 July 1948. The origin of NCC can be traced back to the ‘University Corps’, in 1920, when the Indian Territorial Act was passed, the ‘University Corps’ was replaced by the University Training Corps. The aim was to raise the status of the UTC and make it attractive to the youth. The UTC Officers and cadets dressed like the army and it was a significant step towards the Indianisation of armed forces. It was rechristened in the form of UOTC so the National Cadet Corps can be considered as a successor of the University Officers Training Corps which was established by the British Government in 1942. During World War II, the UOTC never came up to the set by the British. This led to the idea that some better schemes should be formed, a committee headed by Pandit Hradaya Nath Kunjru recommended a cadet organization to be established in schools and colleges at a national level. The National Cadet Corps Act was accepted by the Governor General, in 1948, the Girls Division was raised in order to give equal opportunities to school and college going girls. The NCC was given an image in 1950 when the Air Wing was added, followed by the Naval Wing in 1952. Following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, to meet the requirement of the Nation, in 1968, the Corps was again made voluntary. During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 & Bangladesh-Pakistani war of 1971 and they organized camps to assist ordnance factories, supplying arms and ammunition to the front and also were used as patrol parties to capture enemy paratroopers. The NCC cadets also worked hand in hand with the Civil Defence authorities and actively took part in rescue works, after the 1965 and 1971 wars the NCC syllabus was revised. Rather than just being a line of defence, the NCC syllabus laid greater stress on developing the quality of leadership skills. The military training which the NCC cadets received was reduced and greater importance was given to areas like social service
20.
Shola Aur Shabnam (1992 film)
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Shola aur Shabnam is a 1992 Bollywood romantic drama film directed by David Dhawan starring Govinda and Divya Bharti. Shola aur Shabnam was a Superhit at the box office with the song Tu Pagal Premi Awara being applauded by the audience and it was the fourth highest grossing Indian film of the year 1992 after Beta, Khuda Gawah and Deewana. When he meets Divya Thapa for the first time, he is smitten by her, but Divya is in love with Karan, and both plan to marry each other. The music was released on Venus music label, lyrics were penned by Anjaan and Govinda. Shola aur Shabnam at the Internet Movie Database
21.
Divya Bharti
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Divya Om Prakash Bharti was an Indian film actress, who starred in a number of commercially successful Hindi and Telugu language films in the early 1990s. Bharti aspired a career in films at an age. After several unsuccessful attempts, she made her debut with a role in the successful Telugu drama Bobbili Raja. After featuring in a number of high-grossing Telugu films, she progressed to Bollywood films in 1992 with the action thriller Vishwatma and she acted in over 14 Hindi films between 1992 and 1993, which is to date an unbroken record in Hindi cinema. Bharti died on 5 April 1993, aged 19, from injuries sustained after falling off the balcony of her fifth-floor apartment at Tulsi Buildings in Versova. The cause of her fall was never confirmed, that whether it was a murder. Her parents called her death as an accident and the Mumbai Police closed the investigations into her death in 1998 and she was known for her versatility. Bharti was born in Bombay to Om Prakash Bharti, an insurance officer and she had a younger brother named Kunal and one half-sister Poonam who was the child of Bhartis father first marriage. She spoke Hindi, English, and Marathi fluently, in her early years, Bharti was known for her bubbly personality and for her doll-like looks. Actress Kainaat Arora is her second cousin, Bharti studied at Maneckji Cooper High School in Juhu, Mumbai. She was a student and completed 9th standard before pursuing an acting career. In 1988, Bharti was discovered by filmmaker Nandu Tolani, upon seeing her, Tolani insisted on signing her for one of his films. At that time, Bharti was in the ninth standard and she was originally scheduled to make her screen debut in Gunahon Ka Devta in 1988, but her role was cancelled. Kirti Kumar noticed Bharti at a library and thus was eager to sign her for his project Radha Ka Sangam opposite Govinda. Weeks later, Kumar met with Dilip Shankar and managed to release Bharti from her contract, after taking dancing and acting lessons for months to prepare for her role, Bharti was eventually dropped and replaced by Juhi Chawla. Though the reasons unclear, it was speculated that Kumars possessiveness over Bharti. Bhartis career was stalled until D. Ramanaidu, Telugu film producer, without hoping for success after experiencing a lot of failures in Bollywood, she commenced shooting for her screen debut in Andhra Pradesh. The film was released in the summer of 1990 and became a colossal hit, Bobbili Raja remains to this day one of the most popular Telugu movies
22.
Aankhen (1993 film)
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Aankhen is a 1993 Bollywood action comedy directed by David Dhawan and starring Govinda in a double role and Chunky Pandey. As a matter of fact, two problems — his two sons, Munnu and Bunnu, the brothers are notorious slackers up to no good, and involved in elaborate practical jokes. It comes to Hasmukhs attention that his sons have been lying to him about their college grades — in studies, as a result, they are kicked out of college and, ultimately, their home. Later, one of their practical jokes gets out of hand, Munnu gets involved in the conspiracy of killing Bunnu. Meanwhile, from a small Indian village, Bunnus identical cousin, Gauri Shankar and he is mistaken for Bunnu which leads to hilarious misunderstandings and constant uproar. The movie was 1993s biggest Bollywood hit and ran in the theaters for 12 weeks, Aankhen was responsible for jump-starting or reenergizing the careers of a few actors. Govinda, for example, struggling at the time spawned many other hits such as Raja Babu. 1, and Saajan Chale Susral, after the success of Aankhen. Although he starred in hits like Hatya, Swarg, and Shola aur Shabnam, one of the lead heroines of the movie, Raageshwari, started singing later. The lyrics are written by Indeevar, the songs are as follows, Aankhen at the Internet Movie Database
23.
Raja Babu (film)
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Raja Babu is a 1994 Bollywood action drama movie directed by David Dhawan. The film stars Karisma Kapoor, Govinda, Shakti Kapoor, Kadar Khan, Aruna Irani, Prem Chopra and Gulshan Grover, with music by Anand-Milind and it is a remake of K. Bhagyarajs Tamil comedy movie Raasukutti. The film is choreographed by B. H. Tarun Kumar, Raja Babu is a poor orphan adopted by a wealthy village couple. He is a country bumpkin, good-hearted but lacking in urban manners. His vanity, not discouraged by his mothers doting, leads him to have his photograph taken often at the photo studio. He is always accompanied by his sidekick Nandu and he falls for Madhu when he sees her photograph in the studio. In a fantasy sequence, her photograph makes his motorcycle come to life by itself. A careless stunt by Nandu sees Madhu enter the village with her entourage, a neighbor is blamed, and the entourage arrests him and takes him back into their village. The main antagonist of the film, played by Prem Chopra, sends his goons to attack and it was particularly humiliating for his father as it happened in front of villagers who respected him highly. The movies takes several twists with a typical Bollywood happy ending, villains are nabbed by police but not before being beaten black and blue by the hero, boy gets his girl and parents are reunited with their son. Raja Babu at the Internet Movie Database
24.
Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)
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Coolie No.1 is a 1995 Bollywood comedy film directed by David Dhawan. The film stars Karisma Kapoor, Govinda, Shakti Kapoor, Kadar Khan and this movie was one of the first successful movie of Karisma Kapoor. Actor Govinda received the Star Screen Award Special Jury Award for his role in movie as performer of the decade. Over the years the movie has become a classic in Indian film history and is now considered a cult film, the movie is a remake of a 1993 Tamil film Chinna Mapillai. Shaadiram Gharjode is once humiliated by Hoshiyar Chand when Shaadiram goes to him about a family wanting to marry their son to Hoshiyars daughter. Hoshiyar Chand insults them as he wants both his daughters to marry into the richest family, Gharjode decides to teach Hoshiyar Chand a lesson, He meets a coolie called Raju and they go to Hoshiyar Chands village pretending to be a rich family. Hoshiyar is impressed and he wants his daughter Malti to marry Raju and this leads to humorous situations in the climax. Taxi Driver The music of Coolie No.1 was a rage when it released, the music of Coolie No.1 strengthened Anand-Milind and Govinda/David Dhawans track record of coming up with super hit music with each outing. Coolie No.1 at the Internet Movie Database
25.
Hero No. 1
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Hero No.1 is a 1997 Bollywood comedy-drama film directed by David Dhawan. It stars Govinda and Karishma Kapoor in lead roles, most of the films story is inspired by Bawarchi, a comedy film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. It was remade in Telugu as Goppinti Alludu, Rajesh Malhotra is the son of a wealthy businessman Dhanraj Malhotra. However, he is not happy at his home since his father does not let him live his life his way and he escapes from his home and reaches Europe. Meena is the granddaughter of Dinanath and has secured a scholarship to study in Europe and she travels to Europe with her aunt Shannu. Rajesh and Meena meet and fall in love, Dhanraj Malhotra reaches Europe in search of his son with assistant Sharma and discovers his son is in love. They return to India so that Rajesh and Meena can get married, however, destiny has something else in store for them. As Dhanraj is on his way to discuss about his sons marriage, he accidentally splashes sludge on a pedestrian, to Dhanrajs surprise, the pedestrian unfortunately turns out to be Dinanath himself, who, raged with the incident, refuses to Dhanrajs proposal of his sons marriage. They are a joint family and recently the servant Babu ran away and they are now in search for a new servant. Rajesh, on realising that his father did a mess up of the meeting with Dinanath, decides to disguise as a servant named Raju, everybody in that home has some problem or the other, which Raju solves through his wit. Dinanaths elder son Vidya Nath is teacher in a local college, Raju helps him when he is about to be transferred. Diannaths second son, is an agent but does not have many customers. Raju helps him by asking all employees in his fathers office to open insurance policies with Vidya Nath, the younger son, Pappi is a struggling music composer. Raju makes him prepare some good music which he uses as his own, the elder daughter, Shanno is not in good terms with her husband, so stays away from him in her fathers home. Raju makes her meet her husband and unites them again, the younger granddaughter, Dimple is a party animal. Raju one day saves her from few rowdies and she turns into a homely girl, Dinanath is impressed with Rajus acts but one day he finds some valuables missing from his house. Police arrive and find Dhanraj, in the guise of a Chowkidar, Raju and Dhanraj are insulted by the family members and are about to be taken away when Meena reveals Rajus true identity and the sacrifices he has been through for his love. Dinanath realises of Meena and Rajus true love for each other, the music, especially the song, Sona Kitna Sona Hain, emerged a winner on countdown shows and is remembered till date
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Haseena Maan Jaayegi
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The film was inspired by the movie Pyar Kiye Ja and went on to become the fifth highest grossing Hindi film of 1999. It is often regarded as being amongst Govindas greatest performances and he won awards for his role. Part of the story is taken from the 1964 Tamil classic movie Kadhalikka Neramillai which had been remade as Preminchi Choodu, Pyar Kiye Jaa, Amirchand is the ill-fated father of two mischievous sons - Sonu and Monu. Both of them are always up to one prank or the other, in the opening scene, they call up their father, acting as gangsters, and ask for a huge sum if he wants to live. The plan fails as Amirchand turns out to be the driver of the taxi in which they were escaping, later, they fix up the marriage of their father with Shakuntala and take one lakh rupees as advance dowry from her brother Jamnadas. This plan also fails as Amirchand refuses to entertain Jamnadas and his sister, Amirchand warns their sons to become serious towards life if they want to live in his home. He asks Monu to join office and Sonu to go to Goa for claiming some money he had lent to someone. Whereas Monu plays another prank by calling up a hostel and flirting with Ritu, Sonu mistakenly goes to one Gulzarilal Verma for claiming the money. Both Ritu and Pooja are Gulzarilals daughters, Sonu and Monu fall in love with Pooja and Ritu, respectively. Sonu calls up Monu to come to Goa, disguised as his Uncle for fixing up his and this leads to a series of confusions as Gulzarilals sister Santho also falls in love with Monu. To get rid of the problem, Sonu and Monu throw a dummy of the Uncle from top of a cliff, Amirchand comes to know of this and reaches Goa with his assistant Kunj Biharilal. As they, along with Gulzarilal are on their way to police station, Sonu and Monu escape from the lockup with Bhootnaths help and rescue their father and to-be father-in-law, thus proving to be worthy sons. In the beginning of the film, Sonu and Monu are in a restaurant and dont have money to pay the bill, Monu picks the pocket of Shakti Kapoor for his wallet and then tries to keep it back but his hand gets stuck. This scene is taken from The Return of Mr. Bean and this scene is repeated in the movie Dhamaal. The lead actress Karisma Kapoors mother, Babita, and great uncle, Shashi Kapoor, haseena Maan Jaayegi at the Internet Movie Database
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Haseena Maan Jayegi
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Hasina Maan Jayegi is a 1968 Hindi movie directed by Prakash Mehra. The film stars Shashi Kapoor, Babita, Ameeta, Yunus Parvez, the films music, composed by Kalyanji Anandji, has songs which are quite memorable, with the melodious Lata-Rafi duet Bekhudi Mein Sanam being the most popular of them all. Prakash Mehra made his debut with this film, Archana moves to a new city along with her widowed father. In college, she meets Rakesh, son of her fathers friend who always teases her and she wants to complain about him to the principal but by mistake she complains about Kamal who looks exactly like Rakesh. Kamal was an orphan and is a decent fellow. Later she realizes her mistake and Kamal and Archana grow close, but Rakesh wants to marry Archana and always tries to come between them. At last Archana takes her fathers consent to marry Kamal, Rakesh wants to kidnap Kamal and impersonate him to marry Archana. But his henchmen kidnap him thinking that he is Kamal, Archana and Kamal marry and enjoy their honeymoon at her fathers estate. Soon war breaks out and Kamal has to leave for the front, to his surprise, Rakesh has also enrolled in the army in the same battalion. One day, when both are alone, Rakesh starts fighting with Kamal and it carries on till one of them disappears underwater. Later, the remaining one comes to Archanas estate and they live together for some time, one day Kamals superior comes to report the death of Kamal. Archana gets confused as her husband has been with her all the time, but his superior tells her that he could recognize Kamal anywhere and says Kamal is dead. Not sure of the identity of the man who is staying with her, she puts him to some tests, but he says that he is Kamal and he came back because of the fear that he had killed Rakesh. Now he is sure that he didnt kill Rakesh as he had died in a battlefield, but no one believes him and he gets arrested. He is about to be sentenced to ten years of jail for cheating and rape, everything is settled, Kamal and Archana happily reconcile and forgive Rakesh for his previous misdoings. Kamal later tells Archana that he failed in her tests to prove himself as Kamal because he lived in constant fear of having killed Rakesh, Shashi Kapoor as Kamal/Rakesh Babita as Archna Johnny Walker as Ghasitaram Aashiq Haseena Maan Jayegi at the Internet Movie Database
28.
Saajan Chale Sasural
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Saajan Chale Sasural is a 1996 Bollywood comedy film starring Govinda, Karisma Kapoor, Tabu, Kader Khan and Satish Kaushik. It was directed by David Dhawan and it is a remake of the Tamil movie Veera, which in turn was a remake of the Telugu movie Allari Mogudu. A French dubbing parody of movie called New Délire was released in 2007. Shyamsunder is a villager who has a great interest in music. He travels to the city, making friends with Muthuswami, a South Indian tabla player, the president of the TIPS cassette company, Khurana, is impressed with his musical abilities and promotes him to a high position. As he goes back to repay his debts in the village he receives news of the death of his wife Pooja has died in a flood. He then marries Khuranas daughter Divya, when Khurana has a heart attack, he finds his presumed dead wife Pooja in the hospital
29.
Jaan Se Pyaara
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Jaan Se Pyaara is a 1992 Bollywood family film directed by Anand and starring Govinda in a dual role as Police Inspector Jai and his mentally challenged twin brother Sunder. Divya Bharti, Aruna Irani, Kiran Kumar and Raza Murad also appear in supporting roles, the film is an unofficial remake of the Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung starrer Heart of Dragon and its inspired version, the 1990 Kannada movie Shivashankar. Police Inspector Jai lives a life with his mother and physically and mentally challenged brother Sunder. One day he arrests a man named Pandey, and after questioning him and he gets on the trail of Guman Singh, arrests him, and keeps him in a cell. Then a series of explosions creat havoc in the city, with the assailants demanding the release of Guman. With the police having no clue as to the whereabouts or where they are going to strike next. They threaten Jai with dire consequences, forcing Jai to resign from his job, hoping that he and his family are safe, Jai starts to re-build his life, along with his sweetheart, Sharmila. Then tragedy strikes, his mother is killed in an accident, and his brother is abducted by Jagtap Singh and Guman, Jai is willing to do anything to get back his brother, but how can negotiate when he does not even have the bag in his possession
30.
Bade Miyan Chote Miyan
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Directed by David Dhawan, the mahurat shot of the film was done on 22 December 1996 by Shweta Bachchan. It was released on 16 October 1998 along with Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Bade Miyan Chote Miyan was the first box office hit of Amitabh Bachchan since his comeback after a few years of hiatus from Bollywood. The film was the second highest grosser of the year after Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, concurrently, Pyare flirts with Seema - Arjuns sister. With background scores of the songs that stir the listeners, the movie advances through scenes of thrill and this movie is inspired from the 1995 action-comedy Hollywood film Bad Boys directed by Michael Bay Two friends, Arjun Singh and Pyare Mohan, are Police inspector. Arjuns sister Seema is in love with Pyare, Arjun has no female companion and some petty comments are made about his age. The Zorawar runs a business smuggling arms and diamonds, under a cover of being a statue maker. Once, in a hotel, he discovers that he is being spied upon and along with the cop spying on him, he gets rid of an eyewitness, Neha, a friend of the eyewitness, witness her friend murder. In a considerable amount of confusion, he takes her to Pyares house, Two petty thief, Bade Miyan and Chote Miyan, a look-alike of Arjun and Pyare arrive in town. Confusion ensue when every crime the crooks commit are blamed on the two inspectors, things goes further downhill when Shyamlal, the police commissioner, is also thrashed by the doubles. Arjun and Pyare are blamed for stealing a diamond from a bank, even Seema and Neha mistake Bade and Chote for Arjun and Pyare. Arjun and Pyare further land in trouble when Zorawar kidnaps Seema and asks for the diamond and Neha in return. Arjun and Pyare, who have arrested, are saved by the arrival of Bade Miyan and Chote Miyan, who confuse their acts of theft and conning. Bade Miyan and Chote Miyan arrive at Zorawar hideout and stall them while Arjun and Pyare arrive with police force, the crooks leave after apologising to Neha and Seema for the confusion. However, some of Zorawars men, hijack the police van which is taking Zorawar and they are stopped on the way by Bade and Chote, asking for a lift. The latter realise who really are in the van and proceed to badly thrash Zorawar and his men, Arjun and Pyare are criticised for their mistake regarding the hijacking of the van and the two crooks are given a job in the police force by the commissioner himself. The film ends with Arjun and Pyare ending up being demoted to the post of police officers and Bade. The zippy number Oye Makhna performed in Bhangra flair is another song of the album. Bade Miyan Chote Miyan at the Internet Movie Database
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Anari No.1
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Anari No.1 is a 1999 Hindi language movie directed by Kuku Kohli. The film stars Govinda, Raveena Tandon and Simran in lead roles and Aruna Irani, Kader Khan, Satish Shah, Satyendra Kapoor in supporting roles, the film was a Hit at the box office. Naive Raja is employed as a waiter in a hotel. One day he serves and looks after a wealthy businessman K. K. who lends him a suit, Raja thinks Sapna is wealthy and successfully woos her and wins her heart, only to find out that she too is on the lookout for a rich prince charming. She thought Raja was the rich, debonair, and eligible bachelor Rahul Saxena, with the help of garage owner, Sattarbhai, all three of them concoct a plot to kidnap Rahul Saxena, hold him for ransom, while Raja takes his place. After kidnapping him, Raja does take his place with Rahuls family, his stepmom, Sharda, dad Dhanraj, uncle, aunt, and sweetheart Sona. Sona happens to be the daughter of Rajas mentor K. K. then things start to go wrong as Raja himself gets kidnapped, as he is mistaken for Rahul. Govinda as Raja/Rahul Saxena Raveena Tandon as Sapna Kader Khan as K. K, Simran as Sonam Johnny Lever as Galer Mehndi Prem Chopra as chacha Himani Shivpuri as chachee Satish Shah as Sattarbhai Razak Khan as Rajju Tabela Anari No.1 on IMDb
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Hadh Kar Di Aapne
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Hadh Kar Di Aapne is a 2000 Hindi movie directed by Manoj Agrawal. The film stars Govinda and Rani Mukerji, Raj Malhotra, a detective, goes on a European trip to help his friend Sanjay Khanna prove that his wife is having an extramarital affair. Khanna and his wife Anjali think that their counterpart is cheating on their relationship and they stop living in the same house and believe their spouse has gone to Europe with their boyfriend/girlfriend. Anjali sends her friend, who shares the name, on this trip to get information regarding her husband. In a mix-up of different identities, Raju and Anjali fall in love, then Anjali decided to marry the fbi officer he met in the beginning. Raj finds out she is not married and goes to stop his marriage, Anjali does not want to listen to Raj. Then Raj marries her by tricking, then he goes to the airport. Then her friend and her husband come and tell her how Raj is not married, Anjali tells them how Raj married her. Anjali runs to the airport to stop Raj, at the end they are together. This movie is inspired by the 1948 musical romantic comedy film Romance on the High Seas, father / Son lawyer team Paresh Rawal. Anjalis uncle Rani Mukerjis role was supposed to be played by Mahima Chaudhry but due to date problems. The director has worked in three movies, all with Govinda, the others were, Pardesi Babu and Waah. Hadh Kar Di Aapne at the Internet Movie Database
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Bhagam Bhag
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Bhagam Bhag is a 2006 Bollywood comedy–mystery film, starring Govinda, Akshay Kumar and Paresh Rawal. It is the first time the two are in a film together, the movie also stars Lara Dutta, Jackie Shroff and Arbaaz Khan. Shooting took place in Oxford, United Kingdom in July–August 2006 and it released on 22 December 2006. The plot elements were used in the 2008 Tamil movie Sadhu Miranda. The climax plot-twist is borrowed from that of Marathi film Bindhaast which was remade by Priyadarshan in Tamil as Snegithiye. Champak Chaturvedi the director of a group, is offered a chance to perform a show in London. Babla and Bunty are two derps and flirts in his group, always fighting each other to get the role of the hero. Their behaviour causes the actress to run away and this really upsets the organizer, who offered the chance mainly because of the heroine. After reaching London, Champak tells the duo that whoever gets a new actress will get to become hero, then Babla asks Gullu, a local driver where he can find a heroine. Gullu misinterprets this as prostitute and directs him to a park, Bunty, who has heard everything, follows them. Bunty convinces Babla into going to the police to turn in the drugs to get good credit or an award, Commissioner JD Mehra releases them after telling them not to leave the country until they are proven innocent. Then while search of a heroine, Bunty and Gullu take help of Guru, Guru sends his goons to thrash Bunty and Gullu but they escape. They bump into Munni, who is trying to commit suicide, Bunty saves her and brings her to the theatre group to be the heroine. Later, Bunty falls in love with Munni, but then she has an accident, the doctor notes that she may have suicidal tendencies. When Munni wakes up, she claims to be Nisha Chauhan and they meet Vikram, who confirms her suicidal nature. A heartbroken Bunty accepts the fact and tries to forget her, meanwhile, the underworld don who gave drugs and his boss M. G. Gandhi think that Bunty, Babla and Champak are undercover cops and they want to kill them. However, Bunty suddenly spots Nisha in the city one day, later, Champak and Babla too see her. On the day of the drama, the trio see Vikram flailing a gun at someone and are shocked to see him die in front of them, all three are frightened and throw his body down a vent
34.
Partner (2007 film)
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Partner is a 2007 Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by David Dhawan. The film stars Govinda and Salman Khan, with Katrina Kaif, the film is inspired by the hollywood movie Will Smith starrer Hitch. The film was declared a blockbuster by Box Office India and one of the highest grossers for Salman Khan, the film was also Govindas comeback. Dhawan has expressed interest in creating a sequel to the film, Prem is a Love Guru who solves the love issues of his clients. He meets Bhaskar Diwakar Chaudhary who comes to Prem for help in his love life, Bhaskar loves his boss Priya Jaisingh but is unable to express his love to her as she is the daughter of a wealthy businessman. Prem initially refuses to help Bhaskar and goes to Phuket, Thailand, Bhaskar follows him there and convinces him to help. After returning from Thailand, Prem meets Naina, a photo journalist who was running from some gangsters led by Chhota Don, Prem saves her and falls in love with her. Meanwhile, he starts teaching Bhaskar how to impress Priya, but Bhaskar uses his own simplicity and nonsense acts to impress Priya. Priya finally falls in love with Bhaskar but does not disclose it to him, but in the mean time Prem also comes to know that Naina is married and has a kid named Rohan and to impress Naina he takes care of him. Prem comes to know from Bhaskar that Priya is getting married to someone according to her fathers will and they both come to Priyas wedding ceremony with Rohan, but find Naina there and convinces her to marry Prem and Priyas father is convinced by Bhaskars acts. Priya now gets ready to marry Bhaskar, meanwhile, a spoiled brat named Neil comes to Prem for love help and he asks Prem to convince a girl to have a one-night stand. Prem gets angry with Neil and tells him that he not help people with such bad intentions. Neil somehow manages to get his one-night stand and then ditches her, unfortunately, the girl turns out to be Nainas friend Nikki. Naina then sets out to expose the Love Guru and finds out that it is Prem, Prem thinks that Bhaskar may commit suicide without Priya and goes to her to tell her what really happened. Priya realizes that all the things she liked about Bhaskar are what Prem wanted Bhaskar to hide from her, Prem makes up with Naina by making her hear the truth about him not helping Neil, and they get back together. On both couples honeymoon night, Bhaskar again asks Prem for help but this time they both get mingled with their respective wives, Govinda as Bhaskar Devakar Chaudhary, A nerdy man who has a crush on his boss Priya Jaisingh. Salman Khan as Prem, A love master who gives advice to those who need help getting people in love, the soundtrack entered the top five on 23 July 2007. Box Office India declared the film a Blockbuster and was the second biggest domestic opener at that time. It grossed Rs.1.38 Billion in India and $4.19 million overseas
35.
Life Partner
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Life Partner is a 2009 Bollywood romantic comedy film. It stars Fardeen Khan, Tusshar Kapoor, Genelia DSouza and Prachi Desai in lead roles, the film is written and directed by Rumi Jaffery and produced by Abbas-Mustan under their banner, Burmawalla Bros. It received positive reviews upon its release on 14 August 2009, though it was an average grosser at the Indian Box Office Karan and Bhavesh are close friends living in Cape Town. Karan has a life, with a well-paying job. Her father, who dislikes Karan, always tries to keep her happy, Bhavesh wishes for an arranged marriage and keeps a diary of all the beautiful things he will do to his wife after marriage. His father Darshan Manibhai Patel is an autocrat, patriarch. Jeet does not believe in marriage or love and is a confirmed womaniser and he flirts with every woman he meets and encourages married women into divorcing their spouses so that his living as a divorce lawyer is uncompromised. Bhaveshs father treats him as young and incapable of marriage, but on his wifes insistence, he travels with his family, along with Karan, in Gujarat, they stay at the palatial home of a friend of Bhaveshs father, Vijay Singh Jadeja. Bhavesh meets some girls, all of whom are unsuitable, and then ends up falling for Prachi, Vijay Singhs daughter and he confesses his love for her and they get married. During the wedding rituals, Sanjana says Yes to Karans long-asked question, the movie then switches to the present, where both couples are at court. The judge declares the divorce between Karan and Sanjana and between Bhavesh and Prachi valid, Karan returns home and is shocked to find his apartment burnt down. He finally loses patience with Sanjana and yells at her, venting his frustration at her stupidity and lack of awareness, shocked and heartbroken, Sanjana leaves and sends a notice of divorce to him the very next morning through her fathers secretary. Karan shouts at him too, and vehemently declares that he will divorce Sanjana, Jeet, who is present there at the time, supports Karan in his decision. Bhavesh is happy with Prachi but Prachi is stifled at the old fashioned ideals and many rules of Bhaveshs father and she, without her father-in-laws knowledge, applies for a job - the very idea of which angers him. Bhavesh, taking sides with his father, slaps her at the same time Prachis father arrives, while the latter tries to defuse the tension, Bhavesh, bound by his fathers old fashioned ideas, is unable to stand by his wife. This unpleasant situation concludes with Prachi divorcing Bhavesh on the spot and he decides to get married to her, much to Karan and Bhaveshs chagrin. They shout themselves hoarse at him when he tries to justify his getting married, stating that since he had facilitated their divorces, he has no right to get married. However, Jeet, while accepting no responsibility for their decisions, also states that his hatred for love and marriage had manifested in their marriages and caused them to separate from their wives
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Zee TV
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Zee TV is an Indian cable and satellite television channel owned and operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises, a media and entertainment company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It majorly airs programmes in Hindi and other languages of India. The channel is available in various nations of Southeast Asia, Europe, the Caribbean. A part of the Essel Group, it started to broadcast on 2 October 1992 as the first Hindi-language cable channel in India, shows from Zee TV are also aired on the very popular channel MBC Digital 4. Zee TV HD was launched on 15 August 2011 along with Zee Cinema HD, the channel mostly airs content intended for family and coming-of-age generations ranging from comedy to drama. It also aired reality shows such as Shabaash India, Sa Re Ga Ma Pa, I Can Do That, Indias Best Cinestars Ki Khoj, and Dance India Dance
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Mithun Chakraborty
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He is the recipient of three National Film Awards. He made his debut with the art house drama Mrigayaa. He began his career as an actor and went on to establish himself as one of the biggest stars in Bollywood. He is recognized as one of the best dancing-heroes in Bollywood with his Disco, Chakraborty is best remembered for his role as Jimmy in the movie Disco Dancer which was a superhit in India and also in many other countries in the world, especially Russia. In Russia, Chakraborty and Raj Kapoor are the most popular Indian actors, besides Disco Dancer, Chakraborty is best remembered for his performance in films like Suraksha, Saahas, Wardat, Pyar Jhukta Nahi, Dance Dance and Agneepath. In 1991, he won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for his role as Krishnan Iyer Nariyal paniwala for the movie Agneepath and he later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Tahader Katha and Swami Vivekananda. Chakraborty has appeared in more than 350 films including Bengali, Odia, Bhojpuri, Telugu, Chakraborty owns the Monarch Group, which has interests in the hospitality sector and educational sector. He has also started the production house Paparatzy Productions In 1992, he along with Dilip Kumar and Sunil Dutt and he was also the Chairperson of Film Studios Setting & Allied Mazdoor Union which take care the welfare of cine workers and resolve their demands and problems. A comic book named Jimmy Zhingchak has been based on Chakraborty. Chakraborty was born in Barisal, Bangladesh on 16 June 1950 and he was educated at the Scottish Church College in Kolkata, from where he earned his degree in Chemistry. After that he attended and graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India and he was a Naxalite before entering films, but tragedy struck his family when his only brother was electrocuted and killed in a freak accident. He returned to his family and left the Naxalite fold, even though this posed a risk to his own life. During his days as a Naxalite, he became friends with Ravi Ranjan, Bhaa was known for his manipulational skills and oratory abilities. Mithun Chakraborty made his debut in the 1976 Mrinal Sen-directed film Mrigaya, after the successful Mera Rakshak, Chakraborty rose to stardom with the low budget spy film Surakshaa directed by Ravikant Nagaich. The film was so successful, that many movies starring Chakraborty in the lead were launched, the combination with Deepak Bahry also happened for the first time in 1979 with Tarana. Another important film for Chakraborty in the late 1970s was Prem Vivah, Mithun Chakraborty literally ruled Bollywood in 1980s, with the brand of impossible heroics and made-for-the-front-row lines as he starred in over 110 releases in this decade. Chakraborty played the role of Bheema in the super-hit multi-starrer movie Hum Paanch. and in 1982, Disco Dancer extended Chakrabortys popularity across India. Even today, youngsters copy the Mithun-style dance and he also did lighter roles in Shaukeen, Sun Sajna and Aamne Samne
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Indian general election, 2004
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Legislative elections were held in India in four phases between 20 April and 10 May 2004. Over 670 million people were eligible to vote, electing 543 members of the 14th Lok Sabha, the Lok Sabha, or House of the People, is the directly elected lower house of the Parliament of India. On 13 May, the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and its alliance National Democratic Alliance conceded defeat, the Indian National Congress, which had governed India for all but five years from independence until 1996, returned to power after a record eight years out of office. It was able to put together a majority of more than 335 members out of 543 with the help of its allies. Despite the fact that Singh had never won a Lok Sabha seat, his considerable goodwill and Sonia Gandhis nomination won him the support of the UPA allies, seven states also held assembly elections to elect state governments along with the parliamentary elections. Over 370 million of the 675 million eligible citizens voted, with election violence claiming 48 lives, the Indian elections were held in phases in order to maintain law and order. A few states considered sensitive areas required deployment of the armed forces, the average enrolment of voters in each constituency is 1.2 million, although the largest constituency has 3.1 million. The Election Commission of India is responsible for deciding the dates, the Election Commission employed more than a million electronic voting machines for these elections. According to the magazine India Today,115.62 billion rupees were expected to have spent in campaigning for the elections by all political parties combined. Most of the money was spent on the involved in the election. The Election Commission limited poll expenses to Rs.2.5 million per constituency, thus, the actual spending is expected to have been approximately 10 times the limit. About 6.5 billion rupees are estimated to have spent on mobilising 150,000 vehicles. About a billion rupees are estimated to have spent on helicopters. Largely the contest was between BJP and its allies on one hand and Congress and its allies on the other, the situation did, however, show large regional differences. Ahead of the elections there were attempts to form a Congress-led national level joint opposition front, in the end, an agreement could not be reached, but on regional level alliances between Congress and regional parties were made in several states. This was the first time that Congress contested with that type of alliances in a parliamentary election, in several other states, such as Punjab and Andhra Pradesh, they took part in seat sharings with Congress. In Tamil Nadu they were part of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam -led Democratic Progressive Alliance, two parties refused to go along with either Congress or BJP, Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party. Both are based in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state of India, Congress made several attempts to form alliances with them, but in vain
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Bharatiya Janata Party
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The Bharatiya Janata Party is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress. As of 2016, it is the countrys largest political party in terms of representation in the parliament and state assemblies. The BJP is a party, with close ideological and organisational links to the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. The BJPs origins lie in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee, after the State of Emergency in 1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party, it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election. After three years in power, the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP. Although initially unsuccessful, winning two seats in the 1984 general election, it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. After the 1998 general election, the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance formed a government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee for a year. Following fresh elections, the NDA government, again headed by Vajpayee, lasted for a term in office. In the 2004 general election, the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat, long time Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi led it to a landslide victory in the 2014 general election. Since that election, Modi leads the NDA government as Prime Minister and as of March 2017, the official ideology of the BJP is integral humanism, first formulated by Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1965. The party expresses a commitment to Hindutva, and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions, the BJP advocates social conservatism and a foreign policy centred on nationalist principles. Its key issues have included the abrogation of the status to Jammu and Kashmir, the building of a Ram temple in Ayodhya. However, the 1998–2004 NDA government did not pursue any of these controversial issues and it instead focused on a largely neoliberal economic policy prioritising globalisation and economic growth over social welfare. The BJPs origins lie in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, popularly known as the Jana Sangh and it was founded in collaboration with the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and was widely regarded as the political arm of the RSS. The RSS loaned several of its leading pracharaks, or full-time workers, prominent among these was Deendayal Upadhyaya, who was appointed General Secretary. The Jana Sangh won only three Lok Sabha seats in the first general elections in 1952 and it maintained a minor presence in parliament until 1967. The Jana Sanghs first major campaign, begun in early 1953, centred on a demand for the integration of Jammu. Mookerjee was arrested in May 1953 for violating orders from the state government restraining him from entering Kashmir and he died of a heart attack the following month, while still in jail
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