Intermodal container
These containers are known under a number of names, such as simply container, cargo or freight container, ISO container, sea or ocean container, container van or box, sea or c can. The common heights are 8 feet 6 inches and 9 feet 6 inches – the latter are known as High Cube or Hi-Cube containers, in 2012 there were about 20.5 million intermodal containers in the world of varying types to suit different cargoes. Containers have largely supplanted the traditional break bulk cargo – in 2010 containers accounted for 60% of the seaborne trade. The predominant alternative methods of transport carry bulk cargo – whether gaseous, liquid or solid – e. g. by bulk carrier or tank ship, for air freight, the more light-weight IATA-defined unit load device is used. By the 1830s, railways on several continents were carrying containers that could be transferred to other modes of transport, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the United Kingdom was one of these. Simple rectangular timber boxes, four to a truck, they were used to convey coal from the Lancashire collieries to Liverpool, early versions of standardized containers were used in Europe before World War II.
Construction of these containers had a frame with wooden walls, roof. American containers at this time were not standardized, and these early containers were not yet stackable – neither in the U. S. nor Europe, in November 1932, the first container terminal in the world was opened by the Pennsylvania Rail Road Company in Enola, PA. A system was selected for Western Europe, based on the Netherlands system for goods and waste transportation called Laadkisten. This system used roller containers for transport by rail and ship, in various configurations up to 5,500 kg capacity and this became the first post World War II European railway standard of the International Union of Railways – UIC-590, known as pa-Behälter. It was implemented in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany, Sweden, the use of standardized steel shipping containers began during the late 1940s and early 1950s, when commercial shipping operators and the US military started developing such units. In 1948 the U. S. Army Transportation Corps developed the Transporter, a rigid, corrugated steel container, able to carry 9,000 pounds.
It was 8 ft 6 in long,6 ft 3 in wide, and 6 ft 10 in high, with doors on one end, was mounted on skids. After proving successful in Korea, the Transporter was developed into the Container Express box system in late 1952, cONEXes could be stacked three high, and protected their contents from the elements. By 1965 the US military used some 100,000 Conex boxes, making this the first worldwide application of intermodal containers. From 1949 onwards, engineer Keith Tantlinger repeatedly contributed to the development of containers, as well as their handling, steel castings on the top corners provided lifting and securing points. In 1955 trucking magnate Malcom McLean bought Pan-Atlantic Steamship Company, to form a container shipping enterprise, the first containers were supplied by Brown, where McLean met Keith Tantlinger, and hired him as vice-president of engineering and research. Under the supervision of Tantlinger, a new 35 ft x 8 ft x 8 ft 6 in Sea-Land container was developed, each container had a frame with eight corner castings that could withstand stacking loads
Flagship
A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the ship in a fleet of vessels, typically the first, fastest, most heavily armed. In common naval use, the flagship is fundamentally a temporary designation. Historically, only larger ships could accommodate such requirements, the term was used by commercial fleets, when the distinction between a nations navy and merchant fleet was not clear. In the age of sailing ships, the flagship was typically a first-rate, non-first rates could serve as flagships, the USS Constitution, a frigate, served as flagship for parts of the United States Navy during the early 19th century. In the 20th century, ships became large enough that the types, cruisers and up, could accommodate a commander. Some larger ships may have a flag bridge for use by the admiral. Because its primary function is to coordinate a fleet, a flagship is not necessarily more heavily armed or armored than other ships, during World War II admirals often preferred a faster ship over the largest one.
Modern flagships are designed primarily for command and control rather than for fighting, as with many other naval terms, flagship has crossed over into general usage, where it means the most important or leading member of a group, as in the flagship station of a broadcast network. Is used as both a noun and adjective describing the most prominent or highly touted product, location, derivations include the flagship brand or flagship product of a manufacturing company, flagship store of a retail chain, or flagship service of a hospitality or transportation concern. The term flagship may have applications, Auto companies may have a flagship in the form of their leading or highest-priced car. Electronics companies may have a series of products considered to be their flagship, for example, the Samsung Galaxy S series consists of several flagship smartphones that are released on a yearly basis. In rail transport, a service is either the fastest or most luxurious. Often it is a train or service. In some cases, special service or a class above first class may be available in the service while it is not offered in normal services.
Flagship services are used to present the company in advertising or abroad. Most states in the United States provide public university education through one or more university systems, the phrase flagship institution or flagship university may be applied to an individual school or campus within each state system. These schools are often land-grant, sea-grant, or space-grant research universities, the use of the term is seen by some as elitist and boastful
HMAS Westralia (O 195)
HMAS Westralia was a modified Leaf class replenishment oiler which served with the Royal Australian Navy from 1989 to 2006. Formerly RFA Appleleaf, she served in with the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary from 1975 to 1989, the ship was initially leased to the RAN, purchased outright in 1994. In 1998, a fire resulted in the deaths of four sailors. Westralia was decommissioned in 2006, and the ship was sold into service for use as a Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel. However, the ship was laid up in Indonesia until late 2009, arriving in January 2010, the vessel was scrapped. The vessel had a load displacement of 40,870 tons, a length of 171 metres, a beam of 26 metres. Propulsion machinery consists of two SEMT Pielstick 14 PC2-2 V400 diesel engines, supplying the single, controllable-pitch propeller with 14,000 brake horsepower, the ships company consisted of up to 96 personnel. The ship was configured to replenish two ships abeam, or one following astern, up to 25,000 tonnes of fuel were carried, including aviation fuel.
The vessel was built by Cammell Laird as Hudson Cavalier, one of four STaT32 class oil tankers ordered by John Hudson Fuel. She was laid down at the Birkenhead shipyard on 5 November 1973, after construction had started on three of the four ships, John Hudson found it could not afford to pay for them. The ship was acquired under a bareboat charter. During the Falklands War in 1982, Appleleaf was one of the Leaf class ships that were involved in supplying the Task Force sent south to retake the islands, the vessel received the battle honour Falkland Islands 1982 for her involvement in the conflict. In December 1983, while visiting New Zealand, a member of the company was charged with killing a woman. Between November 1986 and October 1988, Appleleaf was deployed to the Persian Gulf with the Armilla Patrol, on 5 July 1989, the ship completed her last replenishment at sea as part of the RFA. Her ten-year charter concluded on 24 September 1989, the RAN needed a second replenishment vessel to operate in the Indian Ocean as part of the Two-Ocean Policy, and plans were made to instead acquire a less capable vessel.
Part of the A$30 million, five-year lease was covered by the decommissioning, Westralia arrived at Fremantle on 20 December 1989. In March 1990, Westralia sailed from Fremantle on her first overseas deployment, during this, the ship called into at least seven South-east Asian ports, participated in 55th anniversary celebrations for the Royal Malaysian Navy, and was part of several training exercises. In late June, Westralia docked at Singapore, where she underwent a four-month refit, the ship had returned to her home port of HMAS Stirling by late October
First Fleet
The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships that left England on 13 May 1787 to found the penal colony that became the first European settlement in Australia. The First Fleet was commanded by Commodore Arthur Phillip, who was given instructions authorising him to make regulations, the cost to Britain of outfitting and despatching the Fleet was £84,000. Ropes, agricultural equipment and a miscellany of other stores were needed, the party had to rely on its own provisions to survive until it could make use of local materials, assuming suitable supplies existed, and grow its own food and raise livestock. Scale models of all the ships are on display at the Museum of Sydney, the models were built by ship makers Lynne and Laurie Hadley, after researching the original plans and British archives. The replicas of the Supply, Scarborough, Prince of Wales, Lady Penrhyn, Alexander, Fishburn, nine Sydney harbour ferries built in the mid-1980s are named after First Fleet vessels. The unused names are Lady Penrhyn and Prince of Wales, the people of the fleet included seamen and their families, government officials, and a large number of convicts, including women and children.
The majority were British, but there were African, the six convict transports each had a detachment of marines on board. Most of the families of the marines travelled aboard the Prince of Wales, a number of people on the First Fleet kept diaries and journals of their experiences, including the surgeons. There are twelve known journals in existence as well as some letters, the exact number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will likely never be established, as all accounts of the event vary slightly. A total of 1,420 people have identified as embarking on the First Fleet in 1787. The total number of persons embarking on the First Fleet would, therefore, be approximately 1,530 with about 1,483 reaching Sydney Cove. The Scarborough, of 418 tons, had on board 205 male convicts,1 captain,2 lieutenants,2 sergeants,2 corporals,1 drummer, and 26 privates, with 1 assistant surgeon to the colony. The Charlotte, of 346 tons, had on board 89 male and 20 female convicts,1 captain,2 lieutenants,2 sergeants,3 corporals,1 drummer, and 35 privates, with the principal surgeon of the colony.
The Lady Penrhyn, of 338 tons, had on board 101 female convicts,1 captain,2 lieutenants, and 3 privates, with a person acting as a surgeons mate. The Prince of Wales, of 334 tons, had on board 2 male and 50 female convicts,2 lieutenants,3 sergeants,2 corporals,1 drummer, and 24 privates, with the surveyor-general of the colony. The Friendship, … of 228 tons, had on board 76 male and 21 female convicts,1 captain,2 lieutenants,2 sergeants,3 corporals,1 drummer, and 36 privates, with 1 assistant surgeon to the colony. There were on board, beside these,28 women,8 male and 6 female children, belonging to the soldiers of the detachment, the Fishburn store-ship was of 378 tons, the Borrowdale of 272 tons, and the Golden Grove of 331 tons. Golden Grove carried the chaplain for the colony, with his wife, not only these store-ships, but the men of war and transports were laden with provisions, implements of agriculture, camp equipage, clothing for the convicts, etc
Tide-class tanker
The Tide-class tanker is a class of four fast fleet tankers that will enter service with the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary from 2017. The 37,000 t ships will provide fuel, fresh water, Norway has ordered a 26,000 t version with a 48-bed hospital and greater solid stores capacity, for delivery in October 2016 as HNoMS Maud. The two variants are based on the AEGIR design from Britains BMT Defence Services but are being built by Daewoo in South Korea with final outfitting in the UK. Britain ordered four ships in February 2012 at a cost of £452m, the Norwegians ordered their ship in June 2013 for NOK1, 320m. On 22 February 2012 an order for four tankers was placed with Daewoo at a cost of £452 million, building ships in South Korea caused controversy in Britain, but no British yards had tendered for the order as they were all busy on the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers. On 14 November 2012 it was announced that the new class would revive names from the Cold War Tide-class oilers - Tidespring, Tiderace and the new name Tideforce.
The previous Tidespring earned a battle honour in 1982 for her service during the Falklands War, the board carrying the honour and the ships badge were both taken to Korea for installation in the new Tidespring. The Tide-class are a 200.9 m,37,000 t derivative of BMT Defence Services AEGIR-26 design and they are double-hulled to reduce or prevent oil being lost by damage to the outer hull, in line with the MARPOL regulations for civilian tankers. There are three abeam replenishment at sea stations for diesel oil, aviation fuel and fresh water, the flight deck and helicopter hangar allow vertical replenishment at sea. The flight deck is large and strong enough for a Chinook helicopter to land on, propulsion uses medium-speed diesel engines driving twin shafts in a hybrid CODELOD arrangement designed for fuel efficiency across a wide range of speeds. BMT offer the AEGIR fleet tanker in three sizes. The AEGIR-10, AEGIR-18 and AEGIR-26 are 10,000 DWT,18,000 DWT and 26,000 DWT respectively, the AEGIR-18R replenishment ship trades a third of its fuel capacity for 1,350 m3 of dry stores in an extended superstructure.
The standard AEGIR-18 has less range and is slower than the British version, the design has been entered in a number of competitions, but as of March 2016 the only foreign order has been for an AEGIR-18R derivative from the Royal Norwegian Navy in 2013. In June 2014 it was shortlisted along with the Buque de Aprovisionamiento en Combate, which would be built in Spain by Navantia, in March 2016 Australia announced it would be buying the Spanish ship. In March 2016 Daewoo lost out to Hyundai in a competition to supply New Zealand with a tanker, a 2014 Daewoo presentation points out that India and Brazil all need new supply ships in the near future. First steel was cut on 24 June 2014 for RFA Tidespring and she was expected to arrive in Falmouth in spring 2016 to allow A&P Group to fit military equipment such as communications gear. Following sea trials, Tidespring was to service in the fourth quarter of 2016. Tidespring reached the UK in spring 2017, docking at Falmouth on 2 April for seventeen weeks to fit weapons and communications gear, four months of acceptance trials will follow, her sisters will enter service by the end of 2018
Tenix Defence
Tenix Defence was Australias largest defence contractor with core capabilities in Aerospace, Land and Electronic Systems applications. BAE Systems announced its intention to acquire the company from Tenix in January 2008, BAE Systems Australia thus became Australias largest defence contractor. The company was formed in 1997 after it was split from parent company Transfield Services and it was part of Tenix until the defence contracting arm became known as Tenix Defence. It had two divisions, Tenix Marine and Tenix Aerospace and Defence, Tenix Defence provided design, manufacture and repairs to all major in-service military vehicles in Australia. It had over 300 employees in Wingfield, South Australia and Bandiana, at Bandiana, the Land Division provided logistic and garrison support services to Joint Logistics Command. This included warehousing and heavy maintenance of artillery, guided weapons and non-armoured vehicles. Major projects undertaken by the Land Division included LAND106 M113 Upgrade Project and 10 Armoured Limousines for the Australian Attorney-General’s Department, New construction and maintenance were undertaken at Australian shipyards in Williamstown and Henderson, Western Australia.
Both facilities performed in-service support, the Whangarei site in New Zealand fabricated ANZAC superstructure and hull modules, plus build the four patrol boats for the RNZN Protector Project. Other facilities were located in Darwin, Cairns and Sydney, the division had experience in designing and delivering more than 200 naval and specialist vessels. Ships built by Tenix Defence include 10 Anzac class frigates and HMNZS OTAGO, the ships are due to enter service from 2013. Tenix had proposed to build the Navantia design in partnership with the Spanish company, through its heritage, Tenix Defence had an unbroken chain of experience in the Australian aviation industry spanning six decades. The Aerospace Division was established in 1998 specifically to provide a capability for Australian Defence Force aircraft programs. It gained Authorised Engineering Organisation Certification to conduct design on a number of defence aircraft, the Division holds Australian Department of Defence certification for Earned Value Management.
It was managed from Melbourne, and had its own hangar at Melbourne Airport, the division worked on projects with the ADF on-site at HMAS Albatross at Nowra, RAAF Williamtown and RAAF Edinburgh. Electronic Systems Division was the technology and electronic systems hub of Tenix Defence and maintained ties with the Defence Science. It was a provider of integrated solutions for Network Enabled Systems, Intelligence and Reconnaissance, Electronic Warfare and Network Centric Warfare
Jane's Fighting Ships
Its annual editions cover the warships used by the different national naval and paramilitary forces, and provide data on their characteristics. It was originally published by John F. T, jane in London in 1898 as Janes All the Worlds Fighting Ships, in order to assist the public in playing naval wargames. Its success launched a number of military publications carrying the name Janes and it is a unit of Janes Information Group, which is now owned by IHS. Brasseys Naval Annual, competing publication Combat Fleets of the World, competing publication Defence & Security Intelligence & Analysis
Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces, as of 2017 Canadas navy operates 12 frigates,4 patrol submarines,12 coastal defence vessels and 8 unarmed patrol/training vessels, as well as several auxiliary vessels. The Royal Canadian Navy consists of 8,500 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, vice-Admiral Ron Lloyd is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and Chief of the Naval Staff. In 2011, its title of Royal Canadian Navy was restored. The bill received assent on 4 May 1910. Initially equipped with two former Royal Navy vessels, HMCS Niobe and HMCS Rainbow, the service was renamed Royal Canadian Navy by King George V on 29 August 1911. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the Navy had 11 combat vessels,145 officers and 1,674 men, during the Second World War, the Royal Canadian Navy expanded significantly, ultimately gaining responsibility for the entire Northwest Atlantic theatre of war.
During the Battle of the Atlantic, the RCN sank 31 U-boats and sank or captured 42 enemy surface vessels, the Navy lost 24 ships and 1,797 sailors in the war. In 1940–41, the Royal Canadian Navy Reserves scheme for training yacht club members developed the first central registry system, from 1950 to 1955, during the Korean War, Canadian destroyers maintained a presence off the Korean peninsula, engaging in shore bombardments and maritime interdiction. During the Cold War, the Navy developed a capability to counter the growing Soviet naval threat. At that time, Canada was operating a carrier, HMCS Bonaventure, flying the McDonnell F2H Banshee fighter jet until 1962. In 1968, under the Liberal government of Lester B, the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force and Canadian Army were amalgamated to form the unified Canadian Forces. This process was overseen by then–Defence Minister Paul Hellyer, the controversial merger resulted in the abolition of the Royal Canadian Navy as a separate legal entity.
All personnel and aircraft became part of Maritime Command, ship-borne aircraft continued to be under the command of MARCOM, while shore-based patrol aircraft of the former Royal Canadian Air Force were transferred to MARCOM. In 1975 Air Command was formed and all aircraft were transferred to Air Commands Maritime Air Group. The unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968 was the first time that a nation with a military combined its formerly separate naval, land. In 1990, Canada deployed three warships to support the Operation Friction, in the decade, ships were deployed to patrol the Adriatic Sea during the Yugoslav Wars and the Kosovo War. More recently, Maritime Command provided vessels to serve as a part of Operation Apollo, the Royal Canadian Navy is headquartered at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario
International Standard Book Number
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay.
The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces.
Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
HMS Sirius (1786)
HMS Sirius was the flagship of the First Fleet, which set out from Portsmouth, England, in 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales, Australia. In 1790, the ship was wrecked on the reef, south east of Kingston Pier, in Slaughter Bay, Sirius had been converted from the merchantman Berwick. There has been confusion over the history of Berwick. Berwick was likely built in 1780 by Christopher Watson and Co. of Rotherhithe, Berwick had a burthen of 511 83⁄94 tons and, after being burnt in a fire, was bought and rebuilt by the Royal Navy in November 1781, retaining her original name. The newly purchased vessel was fitted out and coppered at Deptford Dockyard between December 1781 and April 1782, for a sum of £6,152. 11s. 4d. When completed she carried 10 guns, four 6-pounder long guns and she was commissioned for service under her first commander, Lieutenant Bayntun Prideaux in January 1782, and went out to North America that year. She spent the last part of the American War of Independence there, paid off in February 1785 she was initially laid up before being fitted for sea between September and December 1786 for service with the First Fleet.
Sirius sailed under the command of Captain John Hunter and carried Captain Arthur Phillip and she carried Major Robert Ross, commander of the Royal Marines who would be responsible for providing security for the colony. The surgeons on this ship were George Bouchier Worgan and Thomas Jamison, according to Sirius midshipman Daniel Southwell, she carried Larcum Kendall K1 timekeeper used by Captain James Cook on his second and third voyages around the world. Sirius, with the ten vessels of the First Fleet, left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787 and arrived at Botany Bay on 20 January 1788. The 252-day voyage, which had gone via Rio de Janeiro and it soon became clear that Botany Bay was unsuitable for a penal settlement so Sirius helped move the colony farther north to Sydney Cove, Port Jackson on 26 January. While waiting to move, a gale arose preventing any sailing, during this period the French expeditionary fleet of Jean-François de Galaup. The British cordially received the French, siriuss captains, through their officers, offered assistance and asked if Lapérouse needed supplies.
However the French leader and the British commanders never met personally, Lapérouse took the opportunity to send his journals, some charts and some letters back to Europe with Sirius. After obtaining wood and fresh water, the French left on 10 March for New Caledonia, Santa Cruz, the Solomons, the Louisiades, the French fleet and all on board were never seen again. The documents carried by Sirius would be its only testament, Sirius left the colony at Port Jackson on 2 October 1788 when she was sent back to the Cape of Good Hope to get flour and other supplies. The complete voyage, which more than seven months to complete. Two years later, on 19 March 1790, Sirius was wrecked on a reef at Norfolk Island while landing stores, among those who witnessed the ships demise from shore was Thomas Jamison, the surgeon for the penal settlement
USS Juneau (LPD-10)
USS Juneau, an Austin-class amphibious transport dock, is the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the capital of Alaska. Juneau was decommissioned in 2008, and is part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet and her keel was laid down by Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company of Seattle, Washington, on 23 January 1965. She was launched on 12 February 1966, and commissioned on 12 July 1969, throughout the 1970s, Juneau completed five deployments to the western Pacific, including eight trips into Vietnamese waters, earning five battle stars for its efforts in the Vietnam War. Juneau conducted the first AV-8A Harrier landing on a Pacific Fleet LPD in February 1976, on 4 July 1976, Juneau arrived in Juneau, Alaska with a complement of Marines from 1st Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division as part of the United States Bicentennial celebrations. During the 1980s Juneau completed seven deployments, in April 1989, Juneau received emergency orders to Prince William Sound in support of the Exxon Valdez oil spill clean up.
She was the first naval vessel on station, and assumed the duties of command and she provided berthing, transportation, food and laundry services for over four hundred civilian cleanup workers. She was the host of Vice-President Quayles visit to Prince William Sound, joining with ships from Amphibious Group Two, Juneau was a member of the largest amphibious task force since the United Nations assault on Incheon, South Korea. In May 1991, Juneau proceeded to Bangladesh to assist in Operation Sea Angel, during her 14th deployment, Juneau was diverted to the coast of Somalia in support of Operation Restore Hope. Her embarked Marines ensured the security of shipments of supplies to the people of Somalia. Juneau was homeported in San Diego until 30 July 1999 when she relieved USS Dubuque as part of the naval forces. Since that date, Juneau has been homeported in Sasebo, Juneau was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 28 to 31 January 2000. However, in early June, with permission still not forthcoming, Juneau swapped with her sister ship, the USS Denver during the third quarter of fiscal year 2008.
After the swap, the sailed to San Diego for decommissioning. The decommissioning took place 30 October 2008 after which the ship was moved to Hawaii and this article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here and this article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U. S. government publication, is in the public domain. The entry can be found here
Australia
