Israel is a biblical given name. According to the biblical Book of Genesis the patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel after he wrestled with the angel; the given name is attested in Eblaite and Ugaritic. Commentators differ on the original literal interpretation; the text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah "to rule, have power, prevail over": שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים, but modern suggestions read the el as the subject, for a translation of "El/God rules/judges/struggles", "El fights/struggles". The name appears on the Merneptah Stele as. In Jewish and Christian texts from the Greco-Egyptian area during Second Temple Judaism and beyond the name was understood to mean "a man seeing God" from the ʾyš rʾh ʾel. Jacob's descendants came to be known as the Israelites forming the tribes of Israel and the kingdom of Israel, whence came the name of modern-day State of Israel. In Israel, the name "Israel Israeli" is sometimes used to mean someone whose name is unknown or unspecified. Israel was a common name among Chaldeans until recent times.

A famous Chaldean author is Bishop Israel Audo, famous for authoring a book about the Chaldean Genocide. In Nazi Germany, male Jews who did not have "typically Jewish" given names were forced to add "Israel" as of January 1939; this decree was revoked by the Allies in 1945. Israel, 7th century CE Israel Adesanya, Nigerian professional mixed martial artist and boxer. Israel Alter, Jewish composer and last chief cantor in Hanover, Germany Israel Asper, Canadian media magnate Israel of Axum, Emperor of Ethiopia in the 6th century CE Israel Baker, American violinist and concertmaster Israel Baline, the birth name of American composer Irving Berlin Israel Bissell, American post rider and colonial militia officer Israel Cruz, Australian singer Israel Dagg, New Zealand rugby player Israel ben Eliezer, Jewish mystical rabbi Israel Englander, billionaire hedge fund manager Israel Folau, Australian rugby player Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician Israel Gigato, Spanish football player Israel the Grammarian, 10th-century European scholar Israel Hands, 18th-century pirate Israel Houghton, American singer and Christian worship leader Israel Idonije, Nigeria-born Canadian player of American football Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, Hawaiian singer and spiritual leader Israel Keyes, American serial killer, bank robber and arsonist Israel Kirzner, American economist Israel of Krems, 14th-/15th-century Austrian rabbi Israel "Izzy" Lang, American football running back Israel Machado, Brazilian basketball player Israel Ochoa, Colombian cyclist Israel Pellew, British admiral Israel Putnam, American general Israel Raybon, American football player Israel Regardie, British occultist Israel B.

Richardson, Union major general in the American Civil War Israel Ruiz, Jr. New York politician Israel Shahak, Israeli author Israel Shamir, Swedish anti-Zionist writer Israel Vázquez, Mexican boxer Yisrael Meir Lau, former Chief Rabbi of Israel Al Israel, American actor Edward Israel, American astronomer and polar explorer Jonathan Israel, British historian Lee Israel, American author known for committing literary forgery Märt Israel, Estonian discus thrower Melvin Israel known as Mel Allen, American sportscaster Menasseh Ben Israel, Portuguese rabbi and scholar Rinus Israël, Dutch football player and manager Robert Decatur Israel, San Diego pioneer, keeper of the Old Point Loma lighthouse Scott Israel, disgraced former Sheriff of Broward County, Florida Steve Israel, American politician Steve Israel, American football player Wilfrid Israel, Anglo-German businessman and philanthropist Yuri Izrael, Russian scientist and vice-chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Maria Ramita Simbolo Martinez "Summer Harvest" was a Picuris Pueblo potter. Martinez learned traditional methods of creating pottery and has been recognized for preserving a cultural tradition of the Picuris Pueblo. Martinez collaborated with Juan José Martinez, who decorated her finished pots. Martinez was born in Picuris Pueblo in 1884 to the Simbola family, she learned to make pots by watching Solidad Simbola, make her own. In the pueblo, she was known as "Summer Harvest." She married Juan José Martinez, the couple had six children together. She and her husband collaborated on the pottery she made and sold their items together from the back of a wagon. Martinez was buried in Picuris. A historic marker in New Mexico describes her contribution to the preservation of traditional pottery methods. Martinez gathered clay from the hills outside Picuris. Martinez used traditional methods to work on her pots which were red-brown in color and had a sparkles from the mica in the clay, she would shape the pots and her husband, Juan José Martinez, would decorate them before firing.

Martinez's work is part of the collections of the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture and the Leonard D. Hollister Collection at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Appraisal: Ramita Martinez Cooking Pot

State complexity is an area of theoretical computer science dealing with the size of abstract automata, such as different kinds of finite automata. The classical result in the area is that simulating an n -state nondeterministic finite automaton by a deterministic finite automaton requires 2 n states in the worst case. Finite automata can be deterministic and nondeterministic, two-way. Other related classes are unambiguous, alternating finite automata; these automata can be two-way. All these machines can accept the regular languages. However, the size of different types of automata necessary to accept the same language may be different. For any two types of finite automata, the state complexity tradeoff between them is an integer function f where f is the least number of states in automata of the second type sufficient to recognize every language recognized by an n -state automaton of the first type; the following results are known. NFA to DFA: 2 n states; this is the subset construction by Scott, proved optimal by Lupanov.

UFA to DFA: 2 n states, see An earlier lower bound by Schmidt was smaller. NFA to UFA: 2 n − 1 states, see Leung. There was an earlier smaller lower bound by Schmidt. SVFA to DFA: Θ states, see Pighizzini 2DFA to DFA: n states, see Kapoutsis. Earlier construction by Shepherdson used more states, an earlier lower bound by Moore was smaller. 2DFA to NFA: = O, see Kapoutsis. Earlier construction by Birget used more states. 2NFA to NFA:, see Kapoutsis.2NFA to NFA accepting the complement: O states, see Vardi. AFA to DFA: 2 2 n states, see Chandra and Stockmeyer. AFA to NFA: 2 n states, see Jürgensen and Yu. 2AFA to DFA: 2 n 2 n, see Ladner and Stockmeyer. 2AFA to NFA: 2 Θ, see Okhotin. It is an open problem whether all 2NFAs can be converted to 2DFAs with polynomially many states, i.e. whether there is a polynomial p such that for every n -state 2NFA there exists a p -state 2DFA. The problem was raised by Sakoda and Sipser, who compared it to the P vs. NP problem in the computational complexity theory.

Berman and Lingas discovered a formal relation between the L vs. NL open problem; this relation was further elaborated by Kapoutsis. Given a binary regularity-preserving operation on languages ∘ and a family of automata X, the state complexity of ∘ is an integer function f such that for each m-state X-automaton A and n-state X-automaton B there is an f -state X-automaton for L ∘ L, for all integers m, n there is an m-state X-automaton A and an n-state X-automaton B such that every X-automaton for L ∘ L must have at least f states. Analogous definition applies for operations with any number of arguments; the first results on state complexity of operations for DFAs were published by Maslov and by Yu, Zhuang and Salomaa. Holzer and Kutrib pioneered the state complexity of operations on NFA; the known results for basic operations are listed below. If language L 1 requires m states and language L 2 requires n states, how many states L 1 ∪ L 2 requires? DFA: m n states, see Yu, Zhuang and Salomaa. NFA: m + n + 1 state

Mark Errington Brydon is an English bassist, composer, recording engineer, remix artist and producer best known as a member of the group Moloko. He comes from Sunderland, but established himself in the Sheffield music scene, most notably with the funk band Chakk whose advance from MCA Records financed the building of FON Studios. Before its bankruptcy, Brydon had divested himself of his interests in legendary FON Studios, for which he did everything from designing the studio architecture to hand-choosing equipment. Brydon made, he furthered his career with contributions to records and remixes such as "The Funky Worm" and efforts by Yazz, The Human League, Psychic TV, Boy George, Art of Noise and Robbie, Cabaret Voltaire and other groups. As a bass player / producer, he was a member of Cloud Nine, his biggest contribution to British art pop to date would come as a result of meeting Róisín Murphy, with whom he formed Moloko, at a cocktail party. The two hit it off and began working together first as a duo for two albums bringing in a full line-up to tour and record the last two Moloko albums.

Moloko went on indefinite hiatus after the release of Statues in 2003, followed by a successful tour and the release of the full length concert video 11,000 Clicks in 2004. Following Moloko's indefinite break-up, Brydon focused his energies on the design of a new studio, he continues a side career as a remixer under such aliases as DJ Plankton

Vladimir Grigoryevich Baryshevsky is a Soviet and Belarusian physicist, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, Winner of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus. Baryshevsky was born on 1 July 1940 in Minsk. Baryshevsky received the diploma degree in physics from the Belarusian State University in 1962. From 1962 to 1965 he pursued his PhD degree study in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and earned his PhD degree in 1965. In 1974 he defended his D. Sc. dissertation at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. In 1965 he started teaching at the Department of Nuclear Physics of BSU, where he holds positions of assistant professor, associate professor, from 1977 as a full professor after obtaining State Diploma of full professor of nuclear physics. In 1986, Baryshevsky established the Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University and acted as the general director of this research institute for more than two decades, up to 2012, he holds the positions of honorary director and principal research scientist at INP.

Baryshevsky is a member of the Dissertation Council D 01.05.02. in the B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus and a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. Baryshevsky is the author of two scientific discoveries registered in the USSR. Scientific discovery “The phenomenon of nuclear precession of neutrons“Formula of the discovery: The earlier unknown phenomenon of neutron nuclear precession was ascertained theoretically; the phenomenon consists in the fact that when neutrons pass through matter with polarized nuclei, the precession of neutron spins about the nuclei’s polarization direction in matter arises due to nuclear neutron-nucleus interaction. Scientific discovery “The phenomenon of polarization plane rotation of hard gamma-quanta”Formula of the discovery: The earlier unknown phenomenon of polarization plane rotation was ascertained for hard gamma-quanta; the phenomenon consists in the fact that when gamma-quanta pass through the medium with polarized electrons, their polarization plane rotates due to spin-spin interaction of the electrons and photons.

Vladimir Baryshevsky pioneered research of the Volume Free Electron Laser — a new type of the Free-electron laser. Major research areas Research and development of Volume Free Electron Laser Nuclear optics of polarized media Electromagnetic processes in crystals at high energies Magnetic cumulation of explosive energy effects of P- and T-violatingVladimir Baryshevsky is the founder and the leader of the scientific school "Nuclear optics of polarized media". Among his students are 6 Doctors of Sciences: I. D. Feranchuk, V. V. Tikhomirov, S. A. Maksimenko, M. V. Korjik, A. S. Lobko, A. Ya. Silenko and 23 Ph. D. holders: I. D. Feranchuk, V. V. Tikhomirov, S. A. Maksimenko, M. V. Korjik, A. S. Lobko, I. Ya. Dubovskaya, A. O. Grubich, S. V. Charapitsa, S. A. Kuten, A. V. Ivashin, A. V. Zege, I. V. Polikarpov, V. V. Rapopport, O. N. Metelitsa, O. M. Lugovskaya, L. N. Korennaya, V. I. Tkacheva, Ngo Dan Nyan, Le Tien Hai, A. A. Gurinovich, A. A. Rouba, E. A. Gurnevich, S. V. Anischenko. Vladimir Baryshevsky is the author of more than 200 publications, including 5 monographs: V.

G. Baryshevsky, Nuclear Optics of Polarized Media, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 1977, 144 p V. G. Baryshevsky, Channeling and Reactions in Crystals at High Energies, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 1982, 256 p V. G. Baryshevsky, Nuclear Optics of Polarized Media, Moscow, 1995, 320 p V. G. Baryshevsky, I. D. Feranchuk, A. P. Ulyanenkov. Parametric X-Ray Radiation in Crystals: Theory and Applications. Series: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Springer. 2006 V. G. Baryshevsky «High-Energy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles». World Scientific Publishing Company. V. Berestov, S. Ya. Kilin, E. A. Rudak, V. V. Tikhomirov, I. D. Feranchuk) Honored Member of the BSU Staff. Certificate of Excellence from the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus