This article is about the funerary deity. Hapi can refer to Hapi, a Nile god, or Hapi-ankh, bull deity of Memphis. Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Isis or Serqet, he is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys; when his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity. Since drowning was the form of death associated with the lungs, the deity gained the name geese, in reference to floating on water.

The spelling of his name includes a hieroglyph, thought to be connected with steering a boat, although its exact nature is not known. For this reason he was sometimes connected with navigation, although early references call him the great runner, as below from Spell 521 of the Coffin Texts. You are the great runner; as one of the four pillars of Shu and one of the four rudders of heaven he was associated with the North, is referenced as such in Spell 148 in the Book of the Dead. Four Sons of Horus – in-depth treatment of the Four Sons and their interrelationships

Ensemble XXI is a Spanish orchestral group consisting of classical guitars, bowed string and wind instruments and vocals, founded in 2000-2001 under the tutelage of its conductor José Antonio Chic. Headquartered in the Conservatory of Music "Miguel Fleta" of Monzón, Spain; the group was born thanks to Jose Antonio Chic, guitar teacher of the Monzon Conservatory since 1992. Chic, these days, he taught the group lessons of guitar, instrument of faint sound that isn't part of the staff of the classical orchestra, he needed to release to his pupils the feeling of making music with other instruments, to create beauty together working everybody in the same direction. That’s the reason he added violin, cello, clarinet, contrabass and voice getting many different colors to his little ensemble; the setback came because there were no scores for this strange formation and only comes the aspect of José Antonio as a composer and arranger. He created an original repertory which gave to his orchestra an own personality, special identity sign because any orchestra in the world made this kind of music.

Since that time, Ensemble XXI has recorded six albums, it has performed more than 170 concerts and it has allocated all its resources to support young musical talents by organizing international courses with prestigious teachers as Hopkinson Smith, Andrew York, Oscar Ghiglia, Roland Dyens, Joaquín Clerch, Alejandro Garrido, Ricardo Gallén, Jaime Martín, Júlia Gállego, Ane Matxain, which have benefited over 700 students from all over Spain, France and Japan. To celebrate its 10th anniversary, it was holding a series of concerts in which they participated as guests, distinguished personalities such as Hopkinson Smith, Gemma Romanyà, Dimitri Psonis, Fernando Argenta, Miguel Ángel Angulo, Ane Matxain, Emilio Ferrando and Vicente Alamá; the staff consists of over 30 young musicians trained in the Conservatory of Music "Miguel Fleta", including Maria Eugenia Boix, a young soprano who enjoyed the Fellowship "Montserrat Caballé, Bernabé Martí" Improvement of Song, among others. The members of the orchestra are chosen by their teachers of the instrument when it is down a final cycle of studies, why during his ten years of history have passed through its ranks some 80 musicians.

Ensemble XXI's repertoire is unusual in the classical music circuit, including music and dances of the Renaissance, Celtic and Scottish ballads, ethnic music and new trends. It is an innovative new combination concept between guitars and other instruments internationally recognized and appreciated for its high educational value. 2001 - Leyenda Irlandesa 2002 - Niebla 2004 - El bosque encantado 2006 - Retratos del Mar 2008 - Secretos de Papel 2010 - Postales de Verano Thanks to its international repercussions, it has served as a model for the development of similar musical ensembles in over 12 countries. His music is part of the educational program of musical education, prestigious conservatories and universities in countries of great musical tradition as the United States, Belgium, Finland, Italy or Germany. Recognized international music publications such as magazine Classical Guitar Magazine have written extensive reports as well as high-impact sites in the world of guitar. Award nomination for "Altoaragonés del año 2009" Soloists of prestigious orchestras as the Academy of Saint Martin in the Fields and the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, have been invited to work with Ensemble XXI on its International Music Course developed in the town of Peralta de la Sal, Huesca province, in Aragon.

Both have a significant impact in the music media. ENSEMBLE XXI CD Launch in Aragon, 20 December 2008, pag.1, http://www.classicalguitarmagazine.com/ ENSEMBLE XXI CD Launch in Aragon, 20 December 2008, pag.2, http://www.classicalguitarmagazine.com/ Ensemble XXI Classical Guitar Magazine

The British had considerable impact on local culture. As an ancient trade center, the trading and business relations that existed with the Europeans and the Arabs brought people and ideas from many other lands; the Christian missionaries and the educational reforms they brought played an important role in transforming society. The migration to Travancore during Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan's invasion was another factor, resulting in less social distance between upper and lower castes from the 18th to mid-20th centuries; this effect did not reach the Travancore Cochin area, not under the Madras Presidency, where inequality was greater. In the colonial era Thalassery was the centre of learning in north Kerala; the first Malayalam newspapers and short stories in Malayalam were written there. Earlier, the well known romantic poem in Malayalam, "Veenapoovu" of Kumaran Asan was published from Thalassery, it was the birthplace of the Communist movement in Kerala. Rajya Samacharam, the first Malayalam newspaper, was published from Thalassery.

The Government of Kerala has included Thalassery in its heritage city project. The project includes the preservation of historial structures. Vishnu Pant Chhatre's Great Indian Circus's was established 1880 in Bombay, the first circus establishment in India. A tour of Thalassery led to the meeting of Chhatre with Keeleri Kunhikannan a martial arts trainer. Keeleri Kunhikannan established the first dedicated circus school in India in 1901, he is known as "the father of Kerala Circus". A Circus Academy was inaugurated in Thalassery in 2010. Before the 1900s, the majority of the population who were in lower middle class society had small houses coconut leave thatched roofs and stone; the soil strength of north Kerala is high when compared to southern region so the traditional houses of upper class society was built using well finished stone walls where as in southern regions was built using woods. The royal proclamation by the Maharaja of Travancore in 1817 and 1857 abolishing the restriction of clay tiles as roofing material to the noble class resulted in the widespread use of clay tile roofing by common man throughout Kerala.

In the middle of 19th century Mangalore tiles became a common roofing material throughout Kerala. There was no influence of exotic architecture in the region In the modern era majority of the house holds are individual concrete apartments and there are few flat habitation coming up in the region. Thalassery is known for its biryani Unlike other biriyani cuisines Thalassery biryani uses Kaima/Jeerakasala rice instead of the usual basmati rice; the influence of Arabian/Mughal culture is evident in the dishes of the Muslim community, although many have become popular among all communities. Thalassery Falooda is a regional variant of the Persian dessert; this is a cocktail of fruit salad, dry fruits such as black current, cashew, rose milk and vanila icecream. Thalsserry has produced a lot of good Cricketers to Kerala Team The Asian Green Mussel cuisines are favored in Thalassery dishes; the mussel is called Kallu-mma-kaya. They grow on rocks in contact with sea. Other dishes include Kallummakaya porichathu, mussel pickels.

Elambakka mussels are popular. The green mussel's popularity led farmers to employ aquaculture in local rivers to increase supplies. Thalassery natives are known for their generous serving dishes for guests. Another Thalassery dish is Kozhi-kkalu, made of fried tapioca. Pappadam-Pazham kuzhakkal, Aval um Poriyum kuzhakkal are other popular dishes. Muttamala, Pazham nirachatu, Kaayi pola, Chatti pathiri and Ari pathiri are other local dishes. Porridges such as Mutaari kachiyatu, are popular. Theyyam is a ritual performance art form that depict the cultural heritage of North Malabar of ancient Kolathunad. Theyyam depicts Shiva bhutaganas and other deities and cultural heroes; the drama is enacted based on ancient stories and the language used is "Tottam pattu", a primitive form of Malayalam. Theyyam shows the Buddhist influence from centuries ago. Theyyam is held from October to May every year; the colour of Theyyam is red. Velan is described in the Sangam literature 500 CE, it could have been a tribal ritual art which evolved under Buddhism and the Brahminic revival of Hinduism.

This art form is addressed as "Kaliyattom" North of Pazhayangadi Puzha, Kannur, as "Theyyam" South of the river and as "Thira" around Thalassery. Kalari payattu is a martial art practiced in Kerala Dharmapattanam, Kadirur and Kuthuparamba; the British East India Company established their authority by destroying the traditional military character of the community of Malabar. The Mysorean invaders destroyed traditional institutions, landholding patterns and supremacy of local rulers, along with the power and prestige of the Malabar militia, leading to the decline of Kalari. On 20 February 1804, Robert Richards, the Principal Collector of Malabar, wrote to Lord William Bentinck and General-in Council, Fort. St. George, asking permission to take action against persons carrying arms, either imposing death penalty or deportation for life. Lord Bentinck issued an order on 22 April 1804, that those who concealed weapons or disobeyed the orders of the British against carrying arms, would be deported.

At the time of the Pazhassi rebellion, British soldiers raided rebel homes to confiscate their arms. Thalassery is one of the major centres of Vadakkan Kalari. Kalari Payattu had a revival after a resurgence of public interest from Thal

Professor John Norman Collie FRSE FRS referred to as J. Norman Collie, was an English scientist and explorer, he was born in Alderley Edge, the second of four sons to John Collie and Selina Mary Winkworth. In 1870 the family moved to Clifton, near Bristol, John was educated at Windlesham in Surrey and in 1873 at Charterhouse School; the family money had been made in the cotton trade, but in 1875 the American Civil War resulted in their financial ruin when their American stock was burnt. Collie had to leave Charterhouse and transfer to Clifton College, Bristol where he realised he was unsuited for the classics, he developed an interest in chemistry. He earned a PhD in chemistry under Johannes Wislicenus at Würzburg in 1884. Returning to Britain, he taught three years at Cheltenham Ladies College where, according to his niece, "he was far from being a ladies' man and found that schoolgirls in bulk were rather more than he could stomach", he left to join University College London as an assistant to William Ramsay.

His early work allied ammonium compounds. He made important contributions to the knowledge of dehydracetic acid, describing a number of remarkable'condensations,' whereby it is converted into pyridine and naphthalene derivatives. Collie served as Professor of Organic Chemistry at UCL from 1896 to 1913, headed its chemistry department from 1913 to 1928, he performed important research that led to the taking of the first x-ray for diagnosing medical conditions. According to Bentley, Collie "worked with Ramsay on the inert gases, constructed the first neon lamp, proposed a dynamic structure for benzene, discovered the first oxonium salt." The work on neon discharge lamps was conducted in 1909. The effect of glowing neon in contact with mercury was some times called Collier effect, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1888. His proposers included Edmund Albert Letts, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1896. Collie's professional career was spent as a scientist but his avocation was mountaineering.

Among mountaineers, he is best remembered for his pioneering climbs on the Cuillin in the Isle of Skye, but he climbed in the English Lake District and in the Alps with William Cecil Slingsby and Albert F. Mummery. Collie appears to have begun climbing in Skye in 1886, he made an ascent of Sgùrr nan Gillean. After two unsuccessful attempts he was given advice on the route by John Mackenzie, a Skye crofter and Britain's first professional mountain guide. Collie returned to Skye and climbed with MacKenzie, the two men becoming firm friends and making many first ascents. In 1899 he discovered a unique rock feature on the Coire Laggan face of Sron na Ciche; this he climbed in 1906 with Mackenzie. Collie was instrumental in producing much better maps of the Cuillin which had defied the skills of cartographers, he is commemorated in the Cuillin by Sgúrr Thormaid He is remembered in Collie's Ledge, a famously exposed rocky scramble across the west face of Sgùrr Mhic Choinnich, named after his great friend.

Since the first traverse of this ledge was made by MacKenzie with the Irish climber, Henry Hart, rather than Collie himself, some authoritative publications have begun to use the name Hart's LedgeIn the 1997 BBC TV series on Scottish climbing, The Edge and MacKenzie's exploits were re-enacted by Alan Kimber and John Lyall Collie made significant ascents on mainland Scotland, notably the first ascent and first winter ascent of Tower Ridge on Ben Nevis with Godfrey Solly and J. Collier on 29 March 1894; the ridge had one previous descent by the Hopkinsons in 1892. In 1895, Collie and fellow climber Geoffrey Hastings went to the Himalaya Range for the world's first attempt at a Himalayan 8,000-metre peak, Nanga Parbat, they were years ahead of their time, the mountain claimed the first of its many victims: Mummery and two Gurkhas and Goman Singh were killed by an avalanche and never seen again. The story of this disastrous expedition is told From the Himalaya to Skye. After gaining climbing experience on the Alps, the Caucasus and the Himalaya, in 1897 Collie joined the Appalachian Club upon the invitation of Charles Fay, spent the summer climbing in the Canadian Rockies.

From 1898 to 1911, Collie visited the Canadian Rockies five more times, accomplishing twenty-one first ascents and naming more than thirty peaks. He was interested in locating and climbing the mythical giants of Hooker and Brown which had bordered the forgotten fur trade route through the Rockies and were reputed to be over 16,000 feet high. In 1903, Collie and Hugh Stutfield published an authoritative book on the region and Explorations in the Canadian Rockies. Collie thereafter spent his summers in Skye, he died at Sligachan in November 1942 from pneumonia, after falling into Loch Leathan below the Storr a year earlier whilst fishing. In keeping with his wishes, he was interred next to his friend, John MacKenzie, in an old graveyard at Struan by Bracadale next to Loch Harport. In a book published in 2013 it is suggested that Collie may have inspired Conan Doyle with some characteristics for Sherlock Holmes. Apart from his mountaineering skills Collie was a confirmed bachelor sharing his house with a solicitor.

With an analytical mind honed by chemical research he had wide interests ranging from

Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction is an analytical technique for characterizing materials. It differs from conventional X-ray diffraction by using polychromatic photons as the source and is operated at a fixed angle. With no need for a goniometer, EDXRD is able to collect full diffraction patterns quickly. EDXRD is exclusively used with synchrotron radiation which allows for measurement within real engineering materials. EDXRD was proposed independently by Buras et al. and Giessen and Gordon in 1968. The advantages of EDXRD are it uses a fixed scattering angle, it works directly in reciprocal space, fast collection time, parallel data collection; the fixed scattering angle geometry makes EDXRD suitable for in situ studies in special environments. When the EDXRD method is used, only one entrance and one exit window are needed; the fixed scattering angle allows for measurement of the diffraction vector directly. This allows for high-accuracy measurement of lattice parameters, it allows for rapid structure analysis and the ability to study materials that are unstable and only exist for short periods of time.

Because the whole spectrum of diffracted radiation is obtained it enables parallel data collection studies where structural changes can be determined over time

Suzy Covey was an American comics scholar, whose work examined intersections of comics and sound, including Internet studies and studies of the Comic Book Markup Language. In honor of her work with its comic collections, the Smathers Libraries renamed them the Suzy Covey Comic Book Collection in Special Collections in 2007. After retiring in 2006 from the University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries as a university librarian emerita, Suzy Covey's comic studies scholarship was enhanced by her work with computers during the early days of the Internet and her scholarship on music, which followed her undergraduate music studies and her own work as a musician, where she played as a band member on the "Bruce Springstone: Live at Bedrock" parody record, released in 1982; the A-side features "Bedrock Rap/Meet the Flintstones," a parody of Springsteen singing the Flintstones theme. The record received airplay on rock and college radio, her musical experience and expertise, along with her technical skills led Suzy Covey to use early bulletin board systems and Internet discussion forums to discuss music and technology.

Her role in these discussions and in early Internet studies helped to support and focus her comics research. She studied at Florida State University. Presentation "Soldier to Cartoon: Springsteen as Depicted in Comics," Glory days, a Bruce Springsteen symposium sponsored by Penn State University, Sept. 10, 2005, Long Branch, N. J. Conference web page. 2006 Comic Art Conference, "A. Why is Jack Smilin'? Data Mining XML-coded Comic Strips OR B. Heroes and Villains: The Golden Era of Comic Strip Advertising" Presenter University of Florida Comics Conference 2004: Simultaneity and Sequentiality, Beyond the Balloon: Sound Effects and Background Text in Lynn Johnston's For Better or For Worse, By Suzanne J. Covey Article in ImageTexT "The Internet as an Entertainment System," Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, October/November 1994, p. 9-11. The Administration of Library Owned Computer Files, Association for Research Libraries, 1989. "A Model MRDF Management Facility," co-author: Covey, III, William C..

"CAI in Libraries: Using Microcomputers to Train Staff," Computers in Libraries, vol. 9, no. 12, December 1989, p. 27-33. "Using CAI to Train Library Staff on Microcomputers," Library Software Review, January/February 1998, p. 23. How to Search OCLC, co-author: McIntyre, Terrence D. Bethea, Sally Brook. COMCAT at UF: Final Report, University of Florida Libraries, 1976. Presentation "University of Florida Home Page and Academic Home Pages," Data Day Symposium, University of Florida, March 1995, Florida. Presentation "The Library/Librarian's Role in Campus-Wide Information Systems and Networks," Panelist, UFLA, November 1993, Florida. "A Modern MRDF Management Facility," Presenter, contributed paper, ASIS National Conference, October 1989, Washington D. C.. Presentation "VACUUM: Lotus 1-2-3 Templates for Student Time Cards and Payroll," RTSD Technical Services Administrators of Medium-Sized Libraries Discussion Group, ALA Annual Conference, June 1987, San Francisco, California. Presentation "Using Microcomputers to Train Library Staff," SCIL Conference and Exhibition, March 1987, Washington DC.

Presentation "Microcomputers as Training Aids in Technical Services," RTSD Technical Services Administrators of Medium-Sized Libraries Discussion Group, ALA Midwinter meeting, January 1985, Washington DC. Bruce Springstone, "Bedrock Rap/Meet the Flintstones" Bruce Springstone on Amazon.com UF Library Newsletter interview with Suzy Suzy's transcription/arrangement of Springsteen Cords The University of Florida's first web page, which Suzy helped design as part of the Campus Wide Information Systems by applying her technological knowledge of computing and her design knowledge from comics. She served as the University's first webmaster, the designer/programmer of an email list information consolidation named CyberLibrary