1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Poe (singer)
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Poe is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Poes musical style is a blend of rock, jazz, electronica, folk, many of Poes songs have been featured in films and on television. Poe first hit the rock charts in 1995. Some of her early charting singles included Angry Johnny, Trigger Happy Jack, Hello, videos for these singles had heavy rotation on MTV. Poe spent six years with Atlantic Records and is currently on her own label, noteworthy was Poes early involvement with her online community of fans. Her web site, and the fan sites that supported her early in her career, in 2004, she co-founded the digital innovations agency Signature Creative with John Gheur. In September 2014, Poe received the title of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador due to her invitation by Yoko Ono to participate in a UNICEF campaign, the campaign launched a world version of John Lennons classic song Imagine featuring dozens of musical artists from around the world. Her fathers film directing took the family to Africa, India, Spain, Switzerland, England, when Poe was 12, her father moved his family to Provo, Utah where Poe attended junior high school and some of high school. When Poes parents divorced, Poe, then 16, left home, Poe continued submitting schoolwork to her high school in Utah and eventually graduated. She pursued her studies at Princeton University, where she organized her first band. Poe began experimenting with musical samplers and sequencers as a teenager, noteworthy are her early collaborations with J Dilla of Slum Village. Poes musical influences ranged from Black Flag to Bob Dylan -- from Billie Holiday to Tribe Called Quest according to music writer Stephen Grecco. Poe was signed to Modern/Atlantic Records in 1994 on the strength of the demos she made with J Dilla and RJ Rice in RJs living room in Detroit. articulate, sexually explicit, reject self-pity and refuse to define themselves purely in terms of their connection to men. In September 1996, Glamour Magazine published a picture of Poe, with a snarl on her face and wearing a tee-shirt on which shed written the words, in the accompanying interview, Poe says I dont think Angry really sums it up at all. Poe began her first major tour in January 1996, as the act for Lenny Kravitz. She and her band then continued touring extensively as headliners and at festivals until 1999. Pollstar Magazine reported in 1998 that Poe had performed for approximately 600 shows in a time period. Poes first album, Hello, was released in 1995, musically, the album was described as a sample-rich amalgam of hip-hop, rock, and jazz
3.
Haunted (Poe album)
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Haunted is the second album by American singer/songwriter Poe, released in 2000 after a five-year hiatus from her debut album Hello in 1995. The self-produced album was created as a tribute to her father, Haunted found Poe combining traditional pop notions with electronic, dance and hard rock music. A critical success and largely adored by her existing fanbase, it flopped commercially, largely due to the manner in which it was marketed. It reached #13 on Billboards US Modern Rock chart, the music video for the song was deemed too racy for MTV showing a scantily clad Poe writhing around in mud. A follow-up promo single, Walk the Walk, was released because it had chosen as the theme song to a new TV drama called Girls Club. However, the show was canceled after two episodes, wild was released as a third single, garnering some radio play in the Chicago area. The single was never released commercially, but featured a radio mix in addition to an acoustic/rock version of the song. The title track was used as the song to the film Book of Shadows. The commercial failure of Poes second album contributed to the loss of her contract with Atlantic Records. Haunted was also referenced in the 2002 film Panic Room, the album also featured samples of audio recordings made by Poes father, film director Tad Danielewski. The cassettes were found by Poe and Mark after their father had died and were literally audio-letters to the two of them that spanned back as far as their birth. Thus, the album is usually interpreted as a woman singing tributes to her deceased father even while telling the story of a group of fictional characters. On Metacritic, the album has a score of 76 out of 100, macKenzie Wilson of AllMusic gave the album a positive review, writing Haunted is in its own class of twisted intelligence and beauty. In another positive review, PopMatterss Eden Miller wrote Few musicians are on the level as Poe in terms of her bravery exposing and expressing her own personal fears. While its a bit obvious to say it, Haunted will haunt you, in another positive review, Jason Mandell of LA Weekly wrote Those without patience for such abstractions may find Haunted tiresome. The rest of us can rejoice in its originality and thank our lucky stars that Poe had the confidence, in a mixed review, Rolling Stones Neva Chonin wrote Unfortunately, Haunted reverberates with tired samples, rehashed echo effects and beats so plodding they could stop a metronome. Q also gave the album a review, writing The mood is too heavy for far too long
4.
Compact disc
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Compact disc is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data. The first commercially available Audio CD player, the Sony CDP-101, was released October 1982 in Japan, standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres, they are used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. At the time of the introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much space as a thousand CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs, by 2007,200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time. American inventor James T. Russell has been credited with inventing the first system to record information on an optical transparent foil that is lit from behind by a high-power halogen lamp. Russells patent application was first filed in 1966, and he was granted a patent in 1970, following litigation, Sony and Philips licensed Russells patents in the 1980s. The compact disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s, although originally dismissed by Philips Research management as a trivial pursuit, the CD became the primary focus for Philips as the LaserDisc format struggled. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980, after their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984, by 1988 CD sales in the United States surpassed those of vinyl LPs, and by 1992 CD sales surpassed those of prerecorded music cassette tapes. The success of the disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company. In 1974, L. However, due to the performance of the analog format
5.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
6.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
7.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Singer-songwriter
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Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. The genre began with the folk-acoustic tradition, singer-songwriters often provide the sole accompaniment to an entire composition or song, typically using a guitar or piano. Singer-songwriter is used to define popular music artists who write and perform their own material, such an artist performs the roles of composer, lyricist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and often self-manager. Most records by artists have a similarly straightforward and spare sound that placed emphasis on the song itself. The term has also used to describe songwriters in the rock, folk, and pop music genres including Henry Russell, Aristide Bruant, Hank Williams. Song topics include political protest, as in the case of the Almanac Singers, Pete Seeger, the concept of a singer-songwriter can be traced to ancient bardic oral tradition, which has existed in various forms throughout the world. Poems would be performed as chant or song, sometimes accompanied by a harp or other similar instrument, after the invention of printing, songs would be written and performed by ballad sellers. Usually these would be versions of existing tunes and lyrics, which were constantly evolving and this developed into the singer-songwriting traditions of folk culture. The term singer-songwriter in North America can be traced back to singers who developed works in the blues and folk music style. Early to mid-20th century American singer-songwriters include Lead Belly, Jimmie Rodgers, Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker, Blind Willie McTell, Lightnin Hopkins, Son House, the tradition of writing topical songs was established by this group of musicians. This focus on social issues has greatly influenced the singer-songwriter genre, artists who had been primarily songwriters, notably Carole King, Townes Van Zandt, and Neil Diamond, also began releasing work as performers. In contrast to the approach of most prior country and folk music. The adjectives confessional and sensitive were often used singer-songwriter style, in the rock band era, members were not technically singer-songwriters as solo acts. However, many were singer-songwriters who created songs with band members. Many others like Eric Clapton found success as singer-songwriters in their later careers, there were hints of cross-pollination, but rock and folk music had remained largely separate genres, often with different audiences. An early attempt at fusing elements of folk and rock was highlighted in the Animals House of the Rising Sun, dylan plugged an entire generation into the milieu of the singer-songwriter. In the mid- to late 1960s, bands and singer-songwriters began to proliferate the underground New York art/music scene. Lotti Golden, in her Atlantic debut album Motor-Cycle, chronicled her life in NYCs East Village in the late 60s counterculture, visiting subjects such as gender identity, kate Bush remained distinctive throughout with her idiosyncratic style
10.
Mark Z. Danielewski
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Mark Z. Danielewski is an American fiction author. His latest project is The Familiar, an ambitious 27-volume serial novel whose first installment, The Familiar, Volume 1, the Familiar, Volume 2, Into the Forest was released on October 27,2015. The Familiar, Volume 3, Honeysuckle and Pain was released June 14,2016, the Familiar, Volume 4, Hades was published on February 7,2017. Danielewskis work is characterized by an intricate, multi-layered typographical variation and he has also not been seen publicly without donning a cat shirt since at least 2010. The Familiar, Volume 5, Redwood is set to be released October 31,2017, Danielewski was born in New York City to Tad Danielewski, a Polish avant-garde film director, and Priscilla Decatur Machold. Christopher, the first, was born to Sylvia Daneel, Tads first wife, Mark was the first of two children born to Tad and Priscilla. Poe, an American singer, songwriter, and record producer, was born 2 years after Mark, when Mark was a child and young man, the Danielewski family moved around continuously for Tads various film projects. By the age of 10, Mark had lived in 6 different countries because of his fathers work, Ghana, India, Spain, Switzerland, England and he and his sister, Poe, went to high school in Provo, Utah. In 1985 Danielewski spent time in France visiting his brother who at the time was living on Rue des Belles Feuilles, there was a manual typewriter that he eventually found himself pounding away on. It was there that he remembers first enjoying the process of writing. During this period he wrote a story called Where Tigers Dance. Danielewski has referred to the story as being so unfinished it didnt deserve to be called incomplete, fans have come back to this tangential story about an early work of fiction from his youth since the release of Parable no8, Z is for Zoo and The Familiar. In 1988 Danielewski graduated with a degree in English Literature from Yale, where he studied under John Hollander, Stuart Moulthrop and he was also inspired by Harold Bloom. In 1989 Danielewski moved to Berkeley, California, where he enrolled in an intensive Latin course at the University of California and he then pursued graduate studies at the USC School of Cinema-Television in Los Angeles. During this time he involved in the film Derrida, a documentary based on the career and philosophy of Algerian-born French literary critic. Danielewski was an assistant editor, sound technician and cameraman for the movie and he graduated with an MFA in 1993, which was the same year his dad died. It is also the year he came upon the idea of a house that is bigger on the inside than the outside, Danielewski has also been an avid cat lover throughout his life. They show up in a myriad of ways throughout his works, in January 2016, Danielewski adopted two Devon Rex kittens, Archimedes & Meifumado, after his previous Devon Rex companions, Sibyl and Carl died
11.
House of Leaves
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House of Leaves is the debut novel by American author Mark Z. Danielewski, published in March 2000 by Pantheon Books. A bestseller, it has been translated into a number of languages, the format and structure of House of Leaves is unconventional, with unusual page layout and style, making it a prime example of ergodic literature. It contains copious footnotes, many of which contain footnotes themselves, including references to fictional books, some pages contain only a few words or lines of text, arranged in strange ways to mirror the events in the story, often creating both an agoraphobic and a claustrophobic effect. The novel is also distinctive for its narrators, who interact with each other in elaborate. While some have attempted to describe the book as a story, many readers, as well as the author. In some ways, genre is a marketing tool, House of Leaves has also been described as a satire of academic criticism. House of Leaves begins with a narrative by Johnny Truant. Truant is searching for a new apartment when his friend Lude tells him about the apartment of the recently deceased Zampanò, there is also another narrator, Truants mother, whose voice is presented through a self-contained set of letters titled The Whalestoe Letters. Each narrators text is printed in a font, making it easier for the reader to follow the occasionally challenging format of the novel. Zampanòs narrative deals primarily with the Navidson family, Will Navidson, a photojournalist, his partner, Karen Green, a former fashion model. Navidsons brother, Tom, and several characters also play a role later in the story. The Navidson family has moved into a new home in Virginia. Upon returning from a trip to Seattle, the Navidson family discovers a change in their home, a closet-like space shut behind an undecorated door appears inexplicably where previously there was only a blank wall. A second door appears at the end of the closet, leading to the childrens room, as Navidson investigates this phenomenon, he finds that the internal measurements of the house are somehow larger than external measurements. Initially there is less than an inch of difference, but as time passes the interior of the house seems to expand while maintaining the same exterior proportions. A third and more extreme change asserts itself, a dark, cold hallway opens in a living room wall that should project outside into their yard. Navidson films the outside of the house to show where the hallway should be, the filming of this anomaly comes to be referred to as The Five and a Half Minute Hallway. There is also a multitude of corridors and rooms leading off from each passage, all of these rooms and hallways are completely unlit and featureless, consisting of smooth ash-gray walls, floors, and ceilings
12.
Radio
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When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form, Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation. Radio systems also need an antenna to convert electric currents into radio waves, an antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual stations to be selected, the electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, a radio communication system sends signals by radio. The term radio is derived from the Latin word radius, meaning spoke of a wheel, beam of light, however, this invention would not be widely adopted. The switch to radio in place of wireless took place slowly and unevenly in the English-speaking world, the United States Navy would also play a role. Although its translation of the 1906 Berlin Convention used the terms wireless telegraph and wireless telegram, the term started to become preferred by the general public in the 1920s with the introduction of broadcasting. Radio systems used for communication have the following elements, with more than 100 years of development, each process is implemented by a wide range of methods, specialised for different communications purposes. Each system contains a transmitter, This consists of a source of electrical energy, the transmitter contains a system to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it. This modulation might be as simple as turning the energy on and off, or altering more subtle such as amplitude, frequency, phase. Amplitude modulation of a carrier wave works by varying the strength of the signal in proportion to the information being sent. For example, changes in the strength can be used to reflect the sounds to be reproduced by a speaker. It was the used for the first audio radio transmissions. Frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal. FM has the capture effect whereby a receiver only receives the strongest signal, Digital data can be sent by shifting the carriers frequency among a set of discrete values, a technique known as frequency-shift keying. FM is commonly used at Very high frequency radio frequencies for high-fidelity broadcasts of music, analog TV sound is also broadcast using FM. Angle modulation alters the phase of the carrier wave to transmit a signal
13.
German language
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German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and it is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg. Major languages which are most similar to German include other members of the West Germanic language branch, such as Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Luxembourgish and it is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English. One of the languages of the world, German is the first language of about 95 million people worldwide. The German speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of publication of new books. German derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, a portion of German words are derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and English. With slightly different standardized variants, German is a pluricentric language, like English, German is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many unique varieties existing in Europe and also other parts of the world. The history of the German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the migration period, when Martin Luther translated the Bible, he based his translation primarily on the standard bureaucratic language used in Saxony, also known as Meißner Deutsch. Copies of Luthers Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region that translated words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Roman Catholics initially rejected Luthers translation, and tried to create their own Catholic standard of the German language – the difference in relation to Protestant German was minimal. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that a widely accepted standard was created, until about 1800, standard German was mainly a written language, in urban northern Germany, the local Low German dialects were spoken. Standard German, which was different, was often learned as a foreign language with uncertain pronunciation. Northern German pronunciation was considered the standard in prescriptive pronunciation guides though, however, German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe. Until the mid-19th century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of the Empire and its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Some cities, such as Prague and Budapest, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain, others, such as Pozsony, were originally settled during the Habsburg period, and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest and Bratislava as well as cities like Zagreb, the most comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of the German language is found within the Deutsches Wörterbuch. This dictionary was created by the Brothers Grimm and is composed of 16 parts which were issued between 1852 and 1860, in 1872, grammatical and orthographic rules first appeared in the Duden Handbook. In 1901, the 2nd Orthographical Conference ended with a standardization of the German language in its written form
14.
Matthew Rolston
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Matthew Russell Rolston is an American photographer, director, and creative director. Born in Los Angeles, Rolston was discovered by Andy Warhol for Warhols celebrity focused Interview magazine, soon after, he began shooting covers and editorial assignments for founding editor Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone. Rolston has also appeared as a guest expert on a spectrum of beauty-oriented broadcast programs, from Bravos Shear Genius, rolston’s career has expanded into areas such as creative direction, experiential design, branding, product design, new media ventures, fine art and publishing. Michael Jackson - Bad Don Henley - The Last Worthless Evening Jody Watley - Precious Love Jody Watley - After You, Who. TLC - Hands Up Anastacia - Love Is a Crime Faith Hill - Youre Still Here Kiley Dean - Make Me a Song Clay Aiken - This Is the Night Dream feat, stockland Martel Photo Agency / U. S
15.
Wrestling
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Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment, or genuinely competitive, a wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position. There are a range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles. Wrestling techniques have incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems. The term wrestling is attested in late Old English, as wræstlunge, Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat. The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings in France, babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport. Literary references to it occur as early as in the ancient Indian Vedas, the Iliad contains references, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC. Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata contain references to martial arts including wrestling, in ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature, wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games. The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality, during the Middle Ages wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal families, including those of France, Japan and England. Early European settlers in America brought a strong wrestling tradition with them if they came from England, the settlers also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans. Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the years of the North American colonies and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations. The first organized national wrestling tournament took place in New York City in 1888, the international governing body for the sport, United World Wrestling, was established in 1912 in Antwerp, Belgium as the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles. The 1st NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983. It conducts competitions for all age-levels, some of the earliest references to wrestling, can be found in wrestling mythology. The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh established his credibility as a leader, after wrestling Enkidu, Greek mythology celebrates the rise of Zeus as ruler of the earth after a wrestling match with his father, Cronus. Both Heracles and Theseus were famous for their wrestling against man, the Mahabharata describes a malla-dwandwa between the accomplished wrestlers Bhima and Jarasandha. Rustam of the Shahnameh is regarded by Iranian pahlevans as the greatest wrestler, in Pharaonic Egypt, wrestling has been evidenced by documentation on tombs and Egyptian artwork. Greek wrestling was a form of martial art, at least in Ancient Greece
16.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
17.
Spyder Games
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Spyder Games is a television series that was broadcast on MTV from June 18,2001, through September 20,2001. MTVs second foray into the soap opera format following the run of the anthology series Undressed, originally intended for a 3 pm time slot, Spyder Games ultimately debuted at 7 pm because of its racy content. The final episodes, originally scheduled to air during the week of September 10,2001, were postponed by a week because of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the last episode was written as cliffhanger, but MTV did not pick the series up for a second season. With the decline of the format, as of 2016, Spyder Games is the last new soap opera to debut on a traditional TV network, according to McLaughlin, We wanted to do for soaps what Scream had done for horror films. That movie acknowledged and even spoofed the conventions and staples of slasher films while never forgetting it was one, james Stanley and Diane Messina Stanley helped the shows creators by serving as Story Consultants before it debuted. The show centers on a wealthy video game-producing family and the murder of the patriarch, Boris Carlisle. Carlsle instead places all of his interest and value in Dmitri, youngest son Sasha, a teen much younger than his siblings, is superficially indulged. Dmitri becomes romantically involved with Daphne, a designer. Concealing a trailer trash past while working secretly as a call girl, meanwhile, Natalia struggles to conduct business at Spyder Games, constantly opposed and undermined by her father, who demonstrates many unscrupulous behaviors, both personal and professional. A host of additional characters move in and out of the Carlisles dealings, including private investigator Jeff Northcutt, Taylors ex-convict brother Lyle, eventually Sasha is revealed to be Natalias son instead of brother, fathered by Ivans wife Julies father when Natalia was about thirteen years old. As the episodes progress, a series of events lead to Boris murder. Spyder Games was criticized for numerous reasons, not the least of which were visibly impoverished production values, however, the plots twists and turns were true to the soap opera style of outrageous developments. Official website Spyder Games at the Internet Movie Database Spyder Games at TV. com Spyder Games Behind the Scenes - ChristianLaughlin. com
18.
Ford Motor Company
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The Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16,1903, the company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV, in the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components. Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and it also has a number of joint-ventures, one in China, one in Taiwan, one in Thailand, one in Turkey, and one in Russia. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, Fords former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively, were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008. Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010, in 2011, Ford discontinued the Mercury brand, under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East since 1938. During the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century, it was close to bankruptcy, Ford is the second-largest U. S. -based automaker and the fifth-largest in the world based on 2015 vehicle production. At the end of 2010, Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe, Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list, based on global revenues in 2009 of $118.3 billion. In 2008, Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles and employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants, the company went public in 1956 but the Ford family, through special Class B shares, still retain 40 percent voting rights. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John. During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue and later its factory on Piquette Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on car, assembling it from parts made mostly by supplier companies contracting for Ford. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company and it has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world. The first gasoline powered automobile had been created in 1885 by the German inventor Carl Benz, between 1903 and 1908, Ford produced the Models A, B, C, F, K, N, R, and S. Hundreds or a few thousand of most of these were sold per year, in 1908, Ford introduced the mass-produced Model T, which totalled millions sold over nearly 20 years. In 1927, Ford replaced the T with the Model A, Ford launched the first low-priced car with a V8 engine in 1932. In an attempt to compete with General Motors mid-priced Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Henry Ford purchased the Lincoln Motor Company in 1922, in order to compete with such brands as Cadillac and Packard for the luxury segment of the automobile market. The creation of a laboratory in Dearborn, Michigan in 1951, doing unfettered basic research
19.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
20.
The Daily Beast
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The Daily Beast is an American news and opinion website focused on politics and pop culture. The Daily Beast began publishing on October 6,2008, The Beasts founding editor was Tina Brown, Brown stepped down as editor in September 2013. John Avlon, an American journalist and political commentator as well as a CNN contributor, is the editor in chief. Mike Dyer is chief strategy and product officer, and Sarah Chubb serves as senior adviser, the name of the site was taken from a fictional newspaper in Evelyn Waughs novel Scoop. A feature of The Daily Beast is the Cheat Sheet, billed as must reads from all over, published throughout the day, the Cheat Sheet offers a selection of articles from online news outlets on popular stories. The Cheat Sheet includes brief summaries of the article, and a link to read the text of the article on the website of its provider. Since the launch, the site has introduced additional sections, including a video Cheat Sheet, the site frequently creates encyclopedic landing pages on topical subjects such as President Obamas inauguration, the Bernard Madoff Ponzi scheme, Michael Jackson, the Iran uprising, and the US Open. In 2014, The Daily Beast became majority mobile and released an iOS app, contributors to the publication include notable writers and political activists such as Ana Marie Cox, P. J. Gelb, Dean Obeidallah, Matt K. Editor-in-Chief John Avlon announced in his column at the end of 2016 that they had doubled their traffic from four years before, the Daily Beast won a Webby Award for Best News Site in 2012 and 2013. Also in 2012 John Avlon won National Society of Newspaper Columnists’ award for best online column in 2012 for The Daily Beast, anna Nemstova received the Courage in Journalism Award in 2015 from the International Womens Media Foundation. Also that year, Michael Daly won with the National Society of Newspaper Columnists award in the category of Online, Blog, in 2016 The Los Angeles Press Club nominated several of The Beast’s writers including M. L. Also nominated for best in field were Kevin Fallon for Industry/Arts Soft News, the Association of LGBTQ Journalists or NLGJA nominated both Tim Teeman 2016 Journalist of the Year and Heather Boerner Excellence in HIV/AIDS Coverage. In September 2009, The Daily Beast launched a publishing initiative entitled Beast Books that will produce books by Beast writers on a publishing schedule. In March 2013, Beast Books, now operating under the name Book Beast, won a National Magazine Award for Website Department, the Daily Beast is owned by IAC, where the vice chairman of the Clinton Foundation, Chelsea Clinton, serves on the board of directors. In February 2010, Jack Shafer of Slate, Shafer also discovered that Posner had written plagiarized content from a Miami Herald blog, a Miami Herald editorial, Texas Lawyer magazine and a health care journalism blog. An immediate internal investigation by The Daily Beast led to Posners dismissal, on November 12,2010, The Daily Beast and Newsweek announced a merger deal, creating a combined company, The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. On August 3,2013, IAC, owner of The Daily Beast, sold Newsweek to IBT Media, owner of the International Business Times. Hines, a married man, signed up for several gay and straight dating apps, including Tinder, Bumble and Grindr
21.
Hello (Poe album)
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Hello is the debut album by American singer/songwriter Poe, released in 1995 on Modern Records. The album was called innovative by critics due to its incorporation of R&B samples into an electronic soundscape, the songs rage-filled lyrics quickly found her being lumped into the angry female rocker category, and the video was heavily played on MTVs Alternative Nation. The second single, Hello, did not fare as well, Hello was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on November 20,1996. All songs are written by Poe, sample credits Fingertips contains a vocal sample from Like a Lover as performed by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil 66
22.
Angry Johnny
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Angry Johnny is a song by Poe, released as a single from her debut album Hello. The song received radio airplay, and an accompanying music video was shown frequently on television. Despite its success and positive review the only commercial single released was in Australia, however. These included a Full Band Version of the song that was more acoustic than the album version, the song was also included on the 1996 album Big Shiny Tunes. Poe mentions Johnny again in her album, Haunted, on the song Dear Johnny. The Johnny in Dear Johnny is the character from the book House of Leaves, length,12 min 51 sec Lyrics, Poe. This Was UFC Light Heavyweight Fighter Jon Jones Entrance Song at UFC87 and 94
23.
Great Expectations (1998 film)
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It is known for having moved the setting of the original novel from 1812-1827 London to 1990s New York. The film is a modernization of Dickenss novel, with the heros name having also been changed from Pip to Finn. Finn complies, and the convict unexpectedly tries to make Finn take him by boat to Mexico, the police seize the small boat heading out to sea. The convict hides on a buoy, and Finns boat is towed back to shore, the next day, Finn sees on the news that the convict, mobster Arthur Lustig, had escaped from death row, but was recaptured and would face execution soon. Finns uncle Joe Gargery is called to Paradiso Perduto, home of the richest woman in Florida and she is a local mystery, having shunned virtually all human contact since she was left at the altar several years before. She ostensibly asks him there to do a job, but instead she slips him a large sum of money under the door. Meanwhile, Finn, who he brought along, meets Mrs. Dinsmoors young niece Estella in the overgrown garden. Mrs. Dinsmoor sees them interacting and calls Maggie, Finns sister, to ask her to let Finn be a playmate for Estella, even though Estella apparently dislikes him and refers to him as the gardener. On Finns first visit, she is disappointed when the boy cannot dance for her and she forces Estella to sit for a portrait, which Finn draws with make up on an old piece of wallpaper. While he draws, Mrs. Dinsmoor warns Finn that he fall in love with Estella and have his heart broken. After the portrait session, Mrs. Dinsmoor calls it a day, on the way out, she pauses to take a drink from a water fountain and politely offers him a drink from it as well. While Finn is drinking, Estella kisses him, Maggie runs away from home and Joe raises Finn alone. Finn goes to Paradiso Perduto every Saturday, where he learns to dance with Estella, one day, Estella mentions that she has a party to attend. Mrs. Dinsmoor is shocked that she not have an escort to take her. When Finn shows up at the party, he is not allowed in because he is not on the guest list, Estella shows up beside his pick-up truck and asks him playfully if he will take her to his house. Once they get there, Estella starts to seduce Finn, only to suddenly leave, the next day, Finn goes to Paradiso Perduto, only to be told by Mrs. Dinsmoor that Estella had left to study abroad in Europe. For the next seven years he resolutely puts Estella and Mrs. Dinsmoor out of his mind, one day, a lawyer comes to Finn and tells him that he will have a gallery show in New York City. In the end, Finn is convinced to go to New York, when he arrives, he immediately gets to work drawing again, since he has no pieces to put on exhibit
24.
Welcome to Woop Woop
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Welcome to Woop Woop is a 1997 Australian comedy film, directed by Stephan Elliott starring Johnathon Schaech and Rod Taylor. The film was based on the novel The Dead Heart by Douglas Kennedy, Woop Woop is an Australian colloquialism referring to a fictional location in the middle of nowhere. Teddy is a New York bird smuggler who goes to Australia to replace a flock of escaped birds after a deal goes awry. While there, he has a liaison with a quirky, sexually ravenous girl, Angie. When he awakes he finds himself married to her - not legally - and stranded in Woop Woop, not content with the deal given to them by the mining company, they opted to return to their old lives in Woop Woop. At first they repopulated themselves incestuously, which caused wide mental instability, a rule was then enacted which bans residents from sleeping with their relatives. Since then, outsiders like Teddy have been kidnapped to keep Woop Woop populated. Their only export is dog food made from road-killed kangaroos, the town is run by Angies father, Daddy-O, in an authoritarian manner that he disguises as communal. The only entertainment available to the residents are old Rodgers & Hammerstein films and soundtracks and these are presumably left over from the towns last official contact with the civilised world. Initially, he repairs his VW van which had been vandalized by the locals, the Australian Cattle Dog that he adopts is shot as part of Dog Day. He befriends a couple of locals, including the scruffy, affable Duffy, and Krystal, Angies sister, who help him to confront Daddy-Os iron-fisted reign, and to arrange an escape plan. Duffy, reprimanded by Daddy-O for breaking Rule #3, nonetheless elects to stay in Woop Woop, while Teddy, Krystal, climb Every Mountain - Peggy Wood and Junior Vasquez Welcome to Woop Woop has an overall approval rating of 29% on Rotten Tomatoes. Elliots earlier film release, The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert had been a Cannes hit in 1994, the uncompleted Welcome to Woop Woop was screened out of competition at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival an experience Elliott described as excruciating. Welcome to Woop Woop grossed $489,725 at the box office in Australia
25.
2000s in music
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This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s. Following after the success of Radiohead and The Verve in the 1990s, post punk bands such as Bloc Party, Foals and Editors also saw some popularity. Britpop act Oasis also remained popular in the 2000s, spawning four number one albums in the UK until the disbandment of the group in autumn 2009. U2 continued their popularity into the 2000s, releasing three critically acclaimed albums, and were credited with influencing many prominent acts of the such as Coldplay. Regional indie rock such as New Yorkshire also appeared at this point in the decade. Indie music itself increased in popularity due to the increased commercialization of alternative, American indie/rock band The Killers also became very popular in Britain with their singles Mr. Brightside, When You Were Young and Smile Like You Mean It. Radiohead enjoyed further success in the 2000s, moving away from their sound of the Kid A/Amnesiac era to a more typical Alternative rock sound. Coldplay also enjoyed success with four number one albums and a U. S, no.1 single with Viva la Vida, the first English band to do so since The Beatles. Muse saw a similar level of acclaim, with the rock trio releasing three chart-topping albums. The late 2000s saw the revival and influence of synthpop music, notable acts include Hot Chip, Junior Boys, Little Boots and La Roux. The era also saw success for singer-songwriters, including David Gray, Dido, James Blunt, James Morrison, KT Tunstall. Grime, a distinctly British version of hip hop, became popular, with artists such as Dizzee Rascal. Girl groups Sugababes, Girls Aloud and t. A. T. u, spanned successful careers throughout most of the decade, whilst 1990s act Spice Girls announced their breakup in 2001 and later reformed in 2007. S Club 7 broke up in 2003, after 5 years of chart success. Irish singer Enya continued to enjoy success during the 2000s, her 2000 album A Day Without Rain sold 15 million copies. Audience-voted reality talent shows became popular with UK TV audiences in the 2000s. Such programmes included Popstars, Pop Idol, Fame Academy and The X Factor, the Eurovision Song Contest also retained its important status within European music. Britney Spears retained an impact throughout the continent and was one of the most successful artists of the decade in that region
26.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
