1.
Chicopee, Massachusetts
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Chicopee is a city located on the Connecticut River in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States of America. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 55,298, making it the second largest city in Western Massachusetts after Springfield. The current mayor is Richard Kos, Chicopee uses the nickname “Crossroads of New England” as part of a business-development marketing campaign. The name reflects the citys convenient location amongst a number of metropolitan areas, four highways run through its boundaries, I-90, I-91, I-291, and I-391. State routes such as Route 33,116, and 141, are major providers of regional linkage, the communities of Chicopee Center, Chicopee Falls, Willimansett, Fairview, Smith Highlands, Aldenville, Burnett Road, and Westover are located in the city. The city is named after the Chicopee River, whose mouth empties into the Connecticut River on in its boundaries, Chicopee is a Nipmuc word, probably from chekee and pe in most Algonquian dialects, with reference to rapids. The Nipmucs were the people of the lands that today make up the City of Chicopee. Alternatively, chikkuppee is the form of chickkup. Both Cabotville and the Falls began as manufacturing centers, according to local historian Charles J. Seaver, the area above the falls was first settled in 1660. The land purchased from the Indians was divided into districts, nayasett was the name given to Chicopee Center and Chicopee Falls. The settlement in the district was at Skipmuck, a place above the falls on the south side of the river. A sawmill was the first river industry, the mill was built at Skenungonuck Falls in 1678 by Japhet Chapin, John Hitchcock and Nathaniel Foote. The mill was the first industrial site in Chicopee Falls and this was accomplished and the business flourished. In 1823, Jonathan Dwight purchased the privilege at Skenungonuck Falls in Chicopee. Five years later the mill had 14,000 spindles and nearly 500 looms. By 1831, there were two giant dams, two canals and two manufacturing communities on the Chicopee River. In 1848, Chicopee - which, for two centuries had been a part of Springfield - was partitioned off into its own town. Political factions in Springfield wanted Springfield to remain a town, rather than become a city, before and after the partition, eight Chicopee River companies gained product recognition around the globe, Ames, Belcher, Lamb, Dwight, Stevens, Spalding, Fisk, and Duryea
2.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Sisters of St. Joseph
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This Congregation has approximately 14,000 members worldwide, about 7,000 in the United States,2,000 in France, and are active in fifty other countries. The Sisters of Saint Joseph comprise three international congregations and four federations, representing more than 14,000 Sisters worldwide, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of Lyons number nearly 1,000, serving in four provinces in fifteen countries. The Sisters operate many Catholic schools and hospitals in France, the United States, Canada, Japan, in India they operate hospitals, homes, and orphanages. The Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph was founded by Jean-Pierre Medaille, the Bishop of LePuy, France, Henri de Maupas gave the foundation canonical status. Although the Congregation celebrates October 15,1650 as its beginning, there is evidence that points to an earlier founding, all the women made ribbon and lace that gave them some income to support themselves. In turn they taught others to make lace and ribbon, the new Congregation enjoyed rapid growth, expanding into eighteen houses during the first decade. By the time of the French Revolution, almost 150 years later, the Congregation of Saint Joseph was disbanded during the French Revolution. The convents and chapels of the community were confiscated in 1793, the Sisters were forced to choose between returning to their families or leaving France to join communities in other countries. Some Sisters who remained became martyrs, three in Dauphiné and two in Haute-Loire were sent to the guillotine because they refused to take the Civil Oath. Others were imprisoned at St-Didier, Feurs and Clermont, the congregation was re-established in 1807 by Mother Saint John Fontbonne in Lyon, France. As word of the Sisters services and good deeds grew, dioceses throughout France requested the services of the restored Congregation, houses were established in the dioceses of Lyon, Chambéry, Annecy, Gap, Bourg, and Bordeaux. In 1902 many French houses of the congregation were closed by the Government, in consequence of which a number of Sisters left for Denmark, Russia. In 1996 the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Bourg re-joined the Sisters of St. Joseph of Lyon as part of the latters European Province, the center of the Congregation is in Rome. Other Provinces and Regions are located in Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, India, Italy, Mozambique, Norway, Pakistan, Sweden, the order has approximately 1,800 sisters in 18 countries. In 1812 a colony of Sisters of St. Joseph was sent from Lyon to Chambéry, in Savoy and she in turn sent sisters to Turin and to Pignerole in the Piedmont, thus giving rise to new branches of Saint Joseph sisters. In 1843 Mother Félicité became Mother Superior, more than eighty houses rose under her direction, and when, in 1861, a state normal school was opened at Rumilly, Savoy, France. It was placed in charge of the sisters, meanwhile, the Chambéry sisters had been constituted a diocesan congregation, but as years went on a stronger administration became necessary. The rule was revised to meet the requirements of a generalate
5.
Green
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Green is the color between blue and yellow on the spectrum of visible light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm, the modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words grass and grow. It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth, by far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U. S. green is associated with death, sickness, or the devil. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family, Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission, a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam and it was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement, political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly. The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene, which, like the German word grün, has the same root as the words grass and grow. It is from a Common Germanic *gronja-, which is reflected in Old Norse grænn, Old High German gruoni, ultimately from a PIE root *ghre- to grow. The first recorded use of the word as a term in Old English dates to ca. Latin with viridis also has a genuine and widely used term for green, related to virere to grow and ver spring, it gave rise to words in several Romance languages, French vert, Italian verde. Likewise the Slavic languages with zelenъ, Ancient Greek also had a term for yellowish, pale green – χλωρός, chloros, cognate with χλοερός verdant and χλόη the green of new growth
6.
Gold (color)
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Gold, also called golden, is one of a variety of yellow-orange color blends used to give the impression of the color of the element gold. The web color gold is sometimes referred to as golden to distinguish it from the metallic gold. The use of gold as a term in traditional usage is more often applied to the color metallic gold. The first recorded use of golden as a name in English was in 1300 to refer to the element gold. Metallic gold, such as in paint, is often called goldtone or gold-tone, in heraldry, the French word or is used. In model building, the gold is different from brass. A shiny or metallic silvertone object can be painted with transparent yellow to obtain goldtone, at right is displayed a representation of the color metallic gold which is a simulation of the color of the actual metallic element gold itself—gold shade. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the color metallic gold as A light olive-brown to dark yellow, or a moderate, of course, the visual sensation usually associated with the metal gold is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the materials reflective brightness varying with the surfaces angle to the light source. Especially in sacral art in Christian churches, real gold was used for rendering gold in paintings, Gold can also be woven into sheets of silk to give an East Asian traditional look. Old gold is a yellow, which varies from heavy olive or olive brown to deep or strong yellow. The widely accepted color old gold is on the rather than the lighter side of this range. The first recorded use of old gold as a name in English was in the early 19th century. The Delta Sigma Pi fraternity, founded in November 7,1907, official colors are designated royal purple, the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternitys colors are garnet and old gold. Old gold is one of two colors of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, maroon and old gold are the colors of Texas State Universitys intercollegiate sports teams. Old Gold and black are the colors of Purdue University Boilermakers intercollegiate sports teams. The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets wear white and old gold, the Wake Forest Demon Deacons, UCF Knights, and Vanderbilt Commodores wear old gold and black. The New Orleans Saints list their official team colors as black, old gold, Golden yellow is the color halfway between amber and yellow on the RGB color wheel
7.
Granby, Massachusetts
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Granby is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,420 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town partially overlaps with the place of Granby. Granby was once part of Hadley as were other towns, Granby was first settled in 1727 and was officially incorporated in 1768. The town is named in honor of John Manners, Marquess of Granby, Granby was originally part of Hadley equivalent lands, and then South Hadley, before being incorporated on June 11,1768. Old Hadley was first settled in 1659 by people from Hartford and Wethersfield and these settlers left Connecticut because of religious differences within their communities. John Pynchon was commissioned to buy land for their new community. Pynchon purchased the land from three Native American chiefs, Chickwallop, Umpanchala and Quontquont, ownership was transferred to the settlers and confirmed by the General Court. These original boundaries include part of present-day Granby, Granby is one of only three towns in Massachusetts whose local telephone service is not furnished by the former Bell System. The other two towns are Richmond and Hancock, both in Berkshire County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 28.1 square miles. Granby is bordered by South Hadley to the west, Amherst to the north, Belchertown to the east, two highways pass through the town, U. S. Route 202 runs eastward though town from South Hadley to Belchertown on East State Street and West State Street. Route 116 runs northeastward from South Hadley to Amherst along Amherst Road, the Holyoke Range is in the northern part of Granby. Major peaks within the town are Long Mountain and Mount Norwottuck, Norwottuck is the highest point in town at 1106 feet above sea level. The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail runs along this mountain range as it passes through Granby, the Horse Caves are geological ledges along this trail. The Public School system consists of West St. Elementary, East Meadow, grades Pre-k to 3 take place in West St. grades 4-6 take place in East Meadow, and grades 7-12 take place in Granby Jr/Sr High School. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,132 people,2,247 households, the population density was 220.1 people per square mile. There were 2,295 housing units at a density of 82.4 per square mile
8.
Elms College
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The College of Our Lady of the Elms, often called Elms College, is a Catholic liberal arts college located in Chicopee, Massachusetts, near Springfield. The campus is located in the Springfield Street Historic District, near the Chicopee city-center, the Sisters of St. Joseph and the Diocese of Springfield co-founded Elms as a girls preparatory academy in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, the Academy of Our Lady of the Elms, in 1897. In 1899, Rev. John McCoy and Bishop Thomas Beaven of the Springfield diocese purchased property in Chicopee, Thomas Mary OLeary as the first president. Through the efforts of the Sisters of St. Joseph and the Springfield diocesan clergy, the curriculum was expanded through the 1940s and 1950s, and in 1953, an evening program was established. To meet the needs of the community, Elms developed undergraduate programs in nursing, business management. In the late 1980s, Weekend College, paralegal studies and legal studies, the Elms College board of trustees voted 23–5 to begin admitting men, starting with the 1998–1999 school year, on October 7,1997. The campus is two miles north of Metro Center Springfield, Massachusetts. It is focused on the Keating Quadrangle, which lies at its center, in 2014, Elms College completed construction on the Center for Natural and Health Sciences, its first academic building in more than 30 years. Elms is a liberal arts college. It offers thirty-three academic majors to 814 full-time undergraduate students, in 2013, the division of nursing became the school of nursing. Traditions include Elms Night, an event in the beginning of the semester to welcome incoming first-year students. The event starts with a dinner where all Elms students. Freshmen are encouraged by seniors to sing a few lyrics from a song of choice during dinner, following dinner, everyone meets in the Berchmans Hall Rotunda. Each class is assigned a pop song and sings for the other classes, at this point in the evening, seniors toss items from the second floor balcony to the freshmen on the first floor. Traditionally, the items were beanie caps, now they vary from towels to wallets or other items. Often an Elms College student will keep this item at least until they graduate, the Elms College Blazers got their nickname from an old tradition when sophomore students would receive blazers to wear as a seniority right. Although this tradition has long since discontinued, the team name has stuck. The Elms College Blazers team colors are a green, gold, the athletics at Elms are based out of The Maguire Center
