1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
3.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
4.
The Monkees
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The Monkees are an American rock band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series The Monkees, the musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British actor and singer Davy Jones. The bands music was supervised by producer Don Kirshner. Dolenz described the Monkees as initially being a TV show about an imaginary band and that wanted to be The Beatles, that was never successful. The actor-musicians, however, soon became a real band, for the first few months of their initial five-year career as The Monkees, the four actor-musicians were allowed only limited roles in the recording studio. This was due in part to the amount of required to film the television series. Nonetheless, Nesmith did compose and produce some songs from the beginning and they eventually fought for and earned the right to collectively supervise all musical output under the bands name. The sitcom was canceled in 1968, but the continued to record music through 1971. A revival of interest in the show came in 1986. Up until 2011 the group had reunited and toured several times, despite the sudden death of Davy Jones on February 29,2012, the surviving members reunited for a tour in November–December 2012 and again in 2013 for a 24-date tour. Nesmith was able to some time up to join them in the latter stages of the US tour. The Monkees have sold more than 75 million records worldwide and had hits, including Last Train to Clarksville, Pleasant Valley Sunday, Daydream Believer. At their peak in 1967, the band outsold the Beatles, aspiring filmmaker Bob Rafelson developed the initial idea for The Monkees in 1962, but was unsuccessful in selling the series. He had tried selling it to Revue, the division of Universal Pictures. In May 1964, while working at Screen Gems, Rafelson teamed up with Bert Schneider, whose father, Abraham Schneider, headed the Colpix Television, Rafelson and Schneider ultimately formed Raybert Productions. The Beatles film A Hard Days Night inspired Rafelson and Schneider to revive Rafelsons idea for The Monkees, as The Raybert Producers, they sold the show to Screen Gems Television on April 16,1965. Rafelson and Schneiders original idea was to cast an existing New York folk rock group, the Lovin Spoonful, however, John Sebastian had already signed the band to a record contract, which would have denied Screen Gems the right to market music from the show. Jones had previously starred as the Artful Dodger in the Broadway show Oliver, which debuted on December 17,1962, and his performance was later seen on The Ed Sullivan Show the same night as the Beatles first appearance on that show, February 9,1964
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Anne Murray
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Morna Anne Murray CC ONS, known professionally as Anne Murray, is a Canadian singer in pop, country, and adult contemporary music whose albums have sold over 55 million copies worldwide. Murray was the first Canadian female solo singer to reach No.1 on the U. S. charts and she is often cited as the one who paved the way for other international Canadian success stories such as k. d. lang, Céline Dion and Shania Twain. She is also the first woman and the first Canadian to win Album of the Year at the 1984 Country Music Association Awards for her Gold-plus 1983 album A Little Good News. Murray has received four Grammys, a record 24 Junos, three American Music Awards, three Country Music Association Awards, and three Canadian Country Music Association Awards. She has been inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame, the Juno Hall of Fame, and The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame. She is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame Walkway of Stars in Nashville, in 2011, Billboard ranked her 10th on their list of the 50 Biggest Adult Contemporary Artists Ever. Morna Anne Murray was born in the town of Springhill. Her father, James Carson Murray, was the town doctor and her mother, Marion Margaret Murray, was a registered nurse who focused her life on raising her family and community charity work. Murrays father died in 1980 at the age of 72 from complications from leukemia and her mother died April 10,2006, at the age of 92 after suffering a series of strokes during heart surgery. After expressing an early interest in music, she studied piano for six years, by 15 she was taking voice lessons. Every Saturday morning, she took a bus ride from Springhill to Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia, One of her earliest performances was of the song Ave Maria at her high school graduation in 1962. Following high school, Murray attended Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax for one year and she later studied Physical Education at University of New Brunswick in Fredericton. After receiving her degree in 1966 she taught physical education at a school in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. In 1965, Murray appeared on the University of New Brunswick student project record The Groove and she sang two songs on the record – Unchained Melody and Little Bit of Soap. On the label her name was misspelled Anne Murry, while there, she was encouraged to audition for the 1960s CBC musical variety television show Singalong Jubilee, but was not offered a singing position. Two years later she received a call from Singalong Jubilee co-host and associate producer, Bill Langstroth, following that second audition, Murray was cast for the show. After a summer of singing in venues across the Maritimes, Murray began teaching physical education at the high school in Summerside. After one year of teaching, she was offered a spot on the television show Lets Go, and returned to Singalong Jubilee
7.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
8.
Dawn Langstroth
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Dawn Langstroth is a Toronto-based singer/songwriter and painter. She has released two EPs, self-titled Dawn Langstroth and No Mercy, and released her debut album Highwire in 2009, Langstroth is the daughter of singer Anne Murray and former CBC television producer Bill Langstroth. Langstroth has worked with Grammy Award winning producers Phil Ramone, George Massenburg, and Ed Cherney, and notable acts such as Jann Arden, The Rankin Family, Shelby Lynne and John McDermott. Dark and Twisted 2009 Mothers Child - Live at Blackbird, Studio C, July 2007 Langstroth is known for a playful, semi-cubist illustration style, emotional Rescue - People Magazine article
9.
I'll Always Love You (Michael Johnson song)
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Ill Always Love You is a single by Michael Johnson, released in 1979 along with his fifth album, Dialogue. In 1979, the song was covered by Canadian country singer Anne Murray from her album of the title under Capitol Records. Ill Always Love You was covered by Filipino pop/R&B singer Nina in February 2006 under Warner Music Philippines, the song was recorded for the promotion of GMA Films 2006 romantic movie I Will Always Love You, starring Richard Gutierrez and Angel Locsin. The film was released on February 8,2006 as an offer of GMA Films. In 2010, the song was included on Ninas compilation album, Diamond, the music video for Ill Always Love You was directed by Jessel Monteverde. The video had a use of visual special effects, becoming Ninas second music video to be made mostly of animations. Most of the scenes show animated backgrounds and setting, the video starts with pictures wherein a photo of Nina walking on the street is slowly zoomed, as the image inside the picture starts moving. She suddenly stopped and leaned on a wall, a scene where she is singing to the song, while a colorful background is moving behind her, suddenly appears. She is then walking on the streets of San Francisco, California. The part where she is seen walking fades, and scenes from the movie suddenly appears and she is then shown singing to the song, while being inserted into the actual scenes of the film. Philippine CD single I Will Always Love You Ill Always Love You Ill Always Love You Ill Always Love You Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
Talk It Over in the Morning
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Talk It Over in the Morning is the fifth studio album by Canadian singer Anne Murray, issued in 1971 on Capitol Records. The album peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Country Albums chart and it was reissued in the UK in 1981 by the Music for Pleasure label with different album art but the same track listing. As singles, Talk it Over in the Morning and Cotton Jenny were both #1 hits in the Canadian country charts, let Me Be the One was released as the second single from the album in the UK with Destiny on the flip. Later in 1972 the single was reissued with Destiny as the A side, peaking at No.41 on the chart
11.
Jesse Winchester
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James Ridout Jesse Winchester Jr. was an American-Canadian musician and songwriter. He was born and raised in the southern United States, opposed to the Vietnam War, he moved to Canada in 1967 to avoid military service and began his career as a solo artist. His highest-charting recordings were of his own songs, Yankee Lady in 1970 and he became a Canadian citizen in 1973, gained amnesty in the U. S. in 1977 and resettled there in 2002. Winchester was best known as a songwriter and his works were recorded by many notable artists, including Patti Page, Elvis Costello, Jimmy Buffett, Joan Baez, Anne Murray, Reba McEntire, the Everly Brothers, Lyle Lovett, and Emmylou Harris. A number of these recordings achieved positions on various charts, Winchester was born at Barksdale Army Air Field, near Bossier City, Louisiana, and raised in northern Mississippi. Winchester was one of three born to James Ridout Winchester Sr. and Frances Ellyn Manire Winchester. Through his fathers side, he is part of the Lee family of Virginia and he graduated from Williams College, in Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1966. Upon receiving his draft notice the following year, Winchester moved to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, I was so offended by someones coming up to me and presuming to tell me who I should kill and what my life was worth, he told Rolling Stone magazine in 1977. Winchester began playing guitar in bands while still in high school and he played in Germany during college study abroad and after graduation. Upon arriving in Quebec in 1967, he joined a local band, under the auspices of the Bands Robbie Robertson, another Canadian, Winchester began his recording career in 1970 with a self-titled album released on the Ampex label. Winchester released several albums during the 1970s, because of his status as a draft resister, he was unable to tour in the United States, and he became recognized primarily as a songwriter. His best-known songs include Yankee Lady, The Brand New Tennessee Waltz, Mississippi, Youre on My Mind, A Showmans Life and these and others have been recorded by numerous artists. In 1974, Winchester often performed at the Hotel Le Chatelet in Morin Heights, Quebec, david Butch McDade and Jeff Stick Davis moved to Quebec to become part of Jesse Winchester and the Rhythm Aces. Winchester was the first to record the songs Third Rate Romance and The End Is Not in Sight, Smith traveled to Montreal to assist in the recording of the album Learn to Love It at Studio Six. Smith, Davis and McDade later were members of the Amazing Rhythm Aces. Upon his election in 1976, President Jimmy Carter declared he would grant amnesty to draft evaders, Winchester had by then become a Canadian citizen, but Barry Bozeman, his manager at the time, convinced Carter on Winchesters behalf to broaden the amnesty. Winchesters first appearance in the U. S. was a performance in Burlington, Vermont. Im Gonna Miss You, Girl, written by Winchester, was recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey, the song peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and at number 4 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart
12.
Jim Ed Norman
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Jim Ed Norman is an American musician, record producer, arranger and label head. He was one of the architects of the distinctive sound of West Coast 1970s pop and rock, after which he moved into production. Following a retirement period beginning in 2004, he re-emerged in Nashville in 2010, Normans career began in earnest when he joined Don Henley in Texas-based group Felicity in 1969, playing keyboards and guitar. Having renamed themselves Shiloh and by now based in Los Angeles, the album was produced by Kenny Rogers but following its release, the group disbanded. Norman resurfaced a couple of years later with Uncle Jims Music, Norman joined the band after the release of their first album, contributing to their second collection for Kapp Records, Theres A Song in This. Norman contributed string arrangements and piano to a series of bestselling albums by the Eagles, during the same period he wrote string and horn arrangements for Linda Ronstadts album, Dont Cry Now and Hat Trick – Americas third studio album. He would continue to accrue arrangement credits throughout his career and well into its next phase in Nashville, in the mid-seventies, Norman emerged as a producer of note. Other production jobs included albums by New Riders of the Purple Sage, Glenn Frey, The Osmonds, notoriously hard-to-please critic, Robert Christgau, credited these albums with Murrays gradual revitilazation. Thanks to Jim Ed Normans. clean, honest, Nashville-quality work, the albums were platinum-selling successes, spawning multiple hit singles including the US No. 1, Grammy winning You Needed Me and a string of US AC chart-toppers – I Just Fall in Love Again, Shadows in the Moonlight, Broken Hearted Me, and Daydream Believer. Normans fruitful alliance with Murray extended well into the 1980s during which he produced the Gold-selling albums A Little Good News and Heart Over Mind and he resumed duties for Nielsen Chapmans follow-up album You Hold the Key. Nashville as Head of A&R, Norman was awarded Presidency of the company in 1984, there, he was responsible for nurturing the talents of Randy Travis, Faith Hill, Travis Tritt, and Dwight Yoakam. Among those he worked with at the time were Crystal Gayle, Kenny Rogers, Garth Brooks, Norman was influential at Warner Bros. Nashville, demonstrating an inclination to increase the range of genres. In addition, Norman spearheaded the Progressive division, with artists including Take 6, Bela Fleck, Normans retirement was confirmed on June 14,2004, and shortly thereafter he relocated to Hawaii. Despite ostensibly retiring, he became involved in music, organizing a music business program between the University of Hawaii and Belmont University, Nashville. In a short space of time, he was noted for his largesse, commitment to and support of local talent. He continues to encourage and support education via his involvement as Senior Fellow at The Curb Center for Art, in 2011, reports that he would be working with Rounder recording artist Claire Lynch began to emerge
