1.
Justin Kelly (director)
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Justin Kelly is an American film director, screenwriter and film editor. He came to prominence as director and writer of Sundance Film Festival 2015 premiere select I Am Michael, starring James Franco and he then wrote and directed King Cobra, which premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival starring Christian Slater and James Franco. After a stream of directing and editing music videos for such as Gossip, Hunx and his Punx and Tiny Hearts. Under the wing of film legend Gus Van Sant, he began shooting his first feature-length film I Am Michael in summer of 2014. Starring actors James Franco, Emma Roberts, Zachary Quinto and Charlie Carver, in 2016, Kellys second feature-length film, King Cobra, also produced by James Franco and starring Christian Slater, premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival. Kelly is currently directing his third-untitled feature length film starring Abbey Lee, Riley Keough, Justin Kelly Personal Site Justin Kelly at the Internet Movie Database
Justin Kelly (director)
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Justin Kelly
2.
Laura Dern
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Laura Elizabeth Dern is an American actress. Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn and she is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch, having appeared in three of his films and the upcoming revival of Twin Peaks. The poet, writer, and Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish was her great-great-uncle, laura Derns film debut was a cameo in her mothers film White Lightning. She also made a appearance in Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore. Her mother objected to her 13-year-old daughters presence on the set of Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains, in 1982, she became the youngest-ever winner of Miss Golden Globe. Dern began working with acting coach Sandra Seacat in 1984, Dern would later attribute Seacat with a dramatic transformation in her life and work. Between 1985 and 1990, Dern gained critical acclaim for roles in Mask, Blue Velvet, Derns starring role in Blue Velvet was a breakthrough though her next notable film, Wild at Heart, took almost four years to be released. Derns affiliation with David Lynch has continued with her role in Inland Empire, Dern starred as Dr. Ellie Sattler in Steven Spielbergs 1993 film Jurassic Park. That same year, Clint Eastwood contacted the actress for his film A Perfect World and she also starred as Ruth in the 1996 film Citizen Ruth, the directorial debut of Alexander Payne. Derns mother makes a appearance, playing Derns characters mother. In 1997, Dern was featured in Widespread Panics music video for their song, Aunt Avis, in 1998, Dern co-starred in Jodie Fosters film The Baby Dance. While dating Thornton in 1999, she was cast as his love interest in his film Daddy and Them, Dern also appeared in Joe Johnstons film October Sky. Robert Altman called upon Derns talents to play a Champagne-loving Aunt in his Texas-based comedy Dr. T & the Women in 2000 and she co-starred in Within These Walls and Arthur Millers Focus. She had a role in Jurassic Park III, and was a supporting actress in the film I Am Sam. She starred in the 2002 film Damaged Care and the 2004 film We Dont Live Here Anymore, Dern starred in the 2005 film Happy Endings, and in the same year, she appeared in the film The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio. In 2006, David Lynch and Dern reunited for Inland Empire and, also in 2006, Dern had a supporting role in Lonely Hearts. Mike White, known for writing School of Rock and The Good Girl, hired Dern for his debut in 2007. In 2008 Dern starred in Recount for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Laura Dern
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Dern at the 2013
Cannes Film Festival
Laura Dern
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Dern in 2009 at a ceremony for
Mary Steenburgen to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Laura Dern
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Dern with then-husband
Ben Harper in December 2009
3.
Kristen Stewart
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Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress and model. Born in Los Angeles to parents working in business, Stewart began her acting career in 1997 with uncredited roles. She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Fosters daughter in the thriller Panic Room and she went on to star in Speak, Catch That Kid, Zathura, and Into The Wild, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series, Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films, including Adventureland, The Runaways, Snow White and the Huntsman, On the Road, Camp X-Ray, Still Alice and Equals. She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys. She starred in Personal Shopper, written for her by director Olivier Assayras, Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010, with an estimated earning of $28.5 million. In 2011, she was named number one on Forbes list of Hollywoods Best Actors for the Buck, Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012, with total earnings of $34.5 million. She is the face of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands, Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles. Both of her parents work in the entertainment industry and her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox and currently works on Comedy Central show @midnight. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is originally from Maroochydore, Queensland and she is a script supervisor and has also directed a film, the 2012 prison drama K-11. She has a brother, Cameron B. Stewart, and two adopted brothers, Dana and Taylor, Stewart attended local schools until the seventh grade. As she became involved in acting, she continued her education by correspondence until completing high school. As she grew up with a family who worked behind the camera, Stewart thought she would become a screenwriter/director and she recalled, I never wanted to be the center of attention — I wasnt that I want to be famous, I want to be an actor kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens, Id write my name on everything. She began acting at 8, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary schools Christmas play, after auditioning for a year, Stewart gained her first role with a small, nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel TV-movie The Thirteenth Year. Her next film was The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, where she played the ring toss girl and she also appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, as the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother. Stewart also played a tomboy, diabetic daughter of a mother in the film Panic Room
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the 2007 Breakthrough Awards of Hollywood Life Magazine.
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the Australian premiere of
Snow White and the Huntsman in June 2012
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the UK premiere of
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 in November 2012
4.
Diane Kruger
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Diane Kruger is a German-American actress and former fashion model. She also starred as Detective Sonya Cross in the FX crime drama series The Bridge and she was brought up Roman Catholic and attended Catholic school. She has stated one of her grandmothers was Polish. She was brought up in Germany with her brother, Stefan. Her mother sent her to student exchange programmes when she was a teenager to improve her English, as a child, Kruger wanted to become a ballerina and successfully auditioned for the Royal Ballet School in London. After an injury ended her career prematurely, Kruger moved to Paris. Kruger is fluent in German, English and French and she is a permanent resident of the United States and divides her time among Paris, Vancouver and Los Angeles. She is a friend of fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld, in 1999, she dated the French actor and director Guillaume Canet. They were married on 1 September 2001 and they acted together in Joyeux Noël and divorced in 2006. Kruger said that the marriage was not successful because their careers had kept them in different parts of the world and she started dating actor Joshua Jackson in 2006. During an interview with magazine Glamour, she said, Without sounding pessimistic, I believe in a commitment that you make in your heart. Theres no paper that make you stay. A guy friend of mine said, and it made a lot of sense, Jackson has expanded on this point by saying in an interview that one of the reasons that they had not married is that neither were religious. They ended their relationship in 2016, in 1992, Kruger represented Germany in the Elite Model Look and started modelling afterwards. She gradually stopped modelling after deciding to pursue a career in acting, Kruger became interested in acting and took lessons at the Cours Florent. She made her debut in 2002, opposite Dennis Hopper and Christopher Lambert in The Piano Player. Her first major acting role was the year when she starred in her then husbands directorial début Mon Idole. She played Julie Wood in 2003s Michel Valliant and Lisa in Wicker Park, alongside Josh Hartnett, one of her more high-profile roles to date is her portrayal of Helen of Sparta in Wolfgang Petersens epic Troy
Diane Kruger
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Kruger at the
Peabody Awards in 2014
Diane Kruger
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Kruger at the press conference of
Goodbye Bafana Berlin.
Diane Kruger
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Kruger at the 2009
Venice Film Festival
Diane Kruger
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Kruger at the 2012
Berlin Film Festival.
5.
Jim Sturgess
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James Anthony Jim Sturgess is an English actor and singer-songwriter. His breakthrough role was appearing as Jude in the romance drama film Across the Universe. In 2008, he played the lead role of Ben Campbell in 21. In 2009, he played Gavin Kossef in the crime drama Crossing Over, appearing with Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta, in 2010, Sturgess starred in the film, The Way Back, directed by Peter Weir. Sturgess co-starred in the science fiction film Cloud Atlas, which began filming in September 2011 and was released in October 2012. Sturgess was born in Wandsworth, London, but grew up in Farnham, Surrey and he spent most of his youth skateboarding around his local car parks and started his first band as early as 15 years old where they would rehearse in the garage of his friends dads house. The band would play gigs in and around his local area to any publican who would turn a blind eye to the fact that they were all under age. Sturgesss first acting experience came when the theatre group came to his school looking for children to audition for the local play. Quickly realising that he would be able to miss school, he went along to the audition and it was clear to both his school and his parents that he had a natural talent, but it was always music rather than acting that was at the forefront of Sturgesss mind. Sturgess moved to Manchester to attend Salford University hoping it would enable him to another band and hang around the Manchester music scene. In Manchester, he fell-in with a group of aspiring actors and film-makers and he started to write and perform his own short films and plays. While performing his one-person show BUZZIN, based around his performance poetry and he graduated from the University of Salford in 1999 with an HND in Media and Performance. Sturgess dated musician and composer Mickey OBrien for ten years after meeting in a room in North London. Jim is selling original songs he sang on to money for Mickeys sick relative https. However, they broke up in March 2015, in 2008, he appeared in the historical drama The Other Boleyn Girl in the supporting role of George Boleyn opposite Natalie Portman, Scarlett Johansson and Eric Bana. He also played the lead role of Ben Campbell in 21, a film about five MIT students. Sturgesss co-stars in 21 include Kevin Spacey and Laurence Fishburne, in 2009, he played Gavin Kossef in Crossing Over, appearing with Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta and Ashley Judd. Set in Los Angeles, the story revolves around immigrants from different countries and backgrounds who share a common bond, heartless, a film directed by Philip Ridley, premiered on 31 August 2009 at the London FrightFest Film Festival, a popular horror film festival
Jim Sturgess
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Jim Sturgess
6.
Courtney Love
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Courtney Michelle Love is an American singer, actress, writer, and visual artist. Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades and she rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics. The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll, Love had an itinerant early life and she spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox. After forming Hole in 1989, she received attention from underground rock press for the groups debut album. Holes second release, Live Through This, gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades, in 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Formans The People vs. Larry Flynt, which established her as a mainstream actress, the following year, she saw further mainstream success with the release of Holes third album, Celebrity Skin, which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards. Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in pictures such as Man on the Moon and Trapped, before releasing her first solo album, Americas Sweetheart. That project became Nobodys Daughter, which was released in 2010 as a Hole album, between 2014 and 2015, she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. Love has also had endeavors in writing, co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, as well as a memoir, Dirty Blonde, The Diaries of Courtney Love. In 2012, she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And Shes Not Even Pretty. Love was born Courtney Michelle Harrison on July 9,1964 in San Francisco, California, the daughter of Linda Carroll and Hank Harrison, Loves godfather is the founding Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh. Her mother, who was adopted as a child, was revealed to be the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox. Loves great-grandmother was screenwriter Elsie Fox, Love is of Cuban, English, German, Irish, and Welsh descent. Loves mother, who was studying to be a psychologist, had her in therapy by the age of two. In 1970, her mother moved the family to the community of Marcola, Oregon. She described her parents household as being full of hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked Gestalt therapy and my mom was also adamant about a gender-free household, no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing. Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, where she struggled academically and had trouble making friends, at age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism
Courtney Love
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Love performing at Austin, Texas, in 2010.
Courtney Love
Courtney Love
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Love performing with Hole, 1989
Courtney Love
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Love performing with Hole at
Big Day Out,
Melbourne, 1995
7.
Laura Albert
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Albert was born and raised in Brooklyn. She has also used the names Emily Frasier and Speedie, and published works as Laura Victoria. Albert was sued for fraud when she signed an option contract with her pseudonym. The damages to be paid to the company were settled out of court. During her youth, Albert was associated with the rock and, for a time. She worked for years as a phone sex operator, and reviewing sex sites. During the 1990s, she achieved some degree of fame as a freelance sexpert, at the same time, she started writing stories - using the pen name Terminator - in the voice of a young boy telling about his difficult childhood and life in the streets. Baby Doll, JT LeRoy’s first published story, appeared under the byline Terminator in a September 1997 anthology, Albert published three books under the JT LeRoy pseudonym– Sarah, The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things, and Harolds End. According to the New Republic, Sarah was the second book Albert wrote, the narrator is an adolescent among a group of lot lizards, teen male prostitutes at truck stops. Each wears a signature raccoon penis bone necklace, the narrator aspires to be like his mother, Sarah, to move higher in the ranks of prostitutes. The book is by JT LeRoy but LeRoy’s character is never directly named, the nom de lizard is Cherry Vanilla or, more regularly he is called Sarah, after his mother. The writing is evocative of a magical realism, vivid, colorful phrases to describe the unconventional. SF Weeklys literary critic described the The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things as essentially the prequel to Sarah and this novel is a collection of ten stories that describe a chaotic, nomadic, and abuse-filled childhood. In the opening story, Disappearances, a boy named Jeremiah leaves a stable foster home to reunite with his biological mother, Sarah. The stories begin in Appalachia and follow the characters to California, jeremiahs grandfather beats him while invoking judgmental Christian dogma. The abuse is the most consistent form of physical touch Jeremiah knows, Albert wrote Dreams of Levitation, Sharif Hamzas short film for NOWNESS, and has also written for the acclaimed television series Deadwood. The film Radiance, which she wrote, was made an Official Selection of the 2015 Bokeh South African International Fashion Film Festival. S. Brazils Geração Editorial has re-released the JT LeRoy books in a boxset under Laura Alberts name, Laura Albert recently starred in a documentary about JT LeRoy that premiered at Sundance, titled Author, The JT LeRoy Story directed by Jeff Feuerzeig
Laura Albert
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Laura Albert in her study
8.
JT LeRoy
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Jeremiah Terminator LeRoy is a literary persona created by American writer Laura Albert. After the first novel Sarah was published, Laura Albert started hiring her sister-in-law Savannah Knoop to make appearances as JT LeRoy. In a January 2006 article in The New York Times, LeRoys agent, manager, movie producer, as well as several journalists, Albert originally published as Terminator and later JT LeRoy. Sarah By turns magical and realistic, the novel Sarah is narrated by a boy whose mother Sarah is a lot lizard. She can be abusive and abandoning, yet he longs for her love and tries to follow in her world and she alternately clings to Jeremiah and abandons him, subjecting him to patterns of abuse and exploitation she has suffered throughout her life. Harolds End The novella follows a heroin addict who is befriended by Larry. Illustrations are by Australian artist Cherry Hood, LeRoy is also listed as guest editor for Da Capos Best Music Writing 2005. Calling a suicide hotline in the 1990s, Albert reached Dr. Terrence Owens, Owens did not know her as Laura Albert at the time, but as Jeremiah or Terminator. Owens is credited with encouraging Jeremiah or Terminator—who later became known as JT LeRoy—to write during their phone therapy sessions, the writings that LeRoy shared with Owens eventually made their way into the collection of short stories in 1998. Laura Albert also recorded conversations without Owens consent, and these illegally recorded phone calls made their way into the documentary Author, Laura Albert explained the circumstances of JTs existence in a Fall 2006 Paris Review interview with Nathaniel Rich. She attested that she could not have written from raw emotion without the right to be presented to the world via JT LeRoy, at her trial, Albert described JT LeRoy as her veil. Throughout the 1990s, LeRoy rarely appeared in public, then in 2001, a person claiming to be LeRoy began appearing in public, usually decked out in wig and sunglasses. The New York Times confirmed that JT LeRoy was the invention of Laura Albert, the newspaper also confirmed that the Wigs and Sunglasses character was Laura Alberts sister-in-law Savannah Knoop. As reported by Vanity Fair in 2006, J. T. LeRoy was the invention of Speedie/Emily, in 2008, Savannah Knoop published Girl Boy Girl, How I Became JT LeRoy, a memoir about the six years she spent as LeRoy. Antidote International Films, Inc. and its president Jeffrey Levy-Hinte announced plans for an adaptation of Sarah to be directed by Steven Shainberg. The New York Times also reported that new project required the rights to Laura Alberts story. In June 2007 Antidote sued Laura Albert for fraud, claiming that a signed by Albert in JT LeRoys name to make a feature film of Sarah was null. A jury found against Albert, holding that the use of the pseudonym to sign the film rights contract was fraudulent, filmmaker Michael Arias claimed JT LeRoy for his inspiration in translating Taiyo Matsumotos manga Sunny
JT LeRoy
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Sarah "signed" by JT LeRoy
JT LeRoy
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Laura Albert in her study
9.
James Franco
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James Edward Franco is an American actor and filmmaker known for his work in both comedic and dramatic films and TV shows. For his role in 127 Hours, Franco was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor and he also portrayed the title character in the TV biographical film James Dean, for which he won a Golden Globe Award. He had recurring roles on the soap opera General Hospital and sitcom Angie Tribeca and he will star in the David Simon-created HBO drama The Deuce in 2017. Franco volunteers for the Art of Elysium charity, and has taught film classes at New York University, the University of Southern California, UCLA, Studio 4. Franco was born in Palo Alto, California and his mother, Betsy Lou, is a writer and occasional actress, and his father, Douglas Eugene Doug Franco, ran a Silicon Valley business. The two met as students at Stanford University, Francos father was of Portuguese and Swedish descent. Francos mother is Jewish, from a family of Russian Jewish ancestry and his maternal grandfather, Daniel, had changed the family surname from Verovitz to Verne some time after 1940. Francos paternal grandmother, Marjorie Franco, is an author of young adult books. Francos maternal grandmother, Mitzie Verne, owned the Verne Art Gallery, a prominent art gallery in Cleveland, Francos family upbringing was academic, liberal, and largely secular. He grew up in California with his two brothers, Tom and Dave, a math whiz, Franco interned at Lockheed Martin. He was often encouraged by his father to get good grades and he graduated from Palo Alto High School in 1996, where he acted in plays. This led to him attending CSSSA in 1998 for theatre, in his high school years, Franco was arrested for underage drinking, graffiti, and for being a part of a group that stole designer fragrances from department stores and sold them to classmates. These arrests led to his becoming a ward of the state. Facing the possibility of juvenile hall, Franco was given a chance by the judge. I was uncomfortable in my own skin, I changed my ways just in time to get good grades, he recalled of his troubles with the law. Although the idea of becoming a marine zoologist interested him, Franco had always wanted to become an actor. Franco instead chose to take acting lessons with Robert Carnegie at the Playhouse West, around this time, Franco took up a late-night job at McDonalds to support himself because his parents refused to do so. He was a vegetarian until working there, while working at the establishment, he would practice accents on customers, an experience he remembered nostalgically in a 2015 Washington Post editorial
James Franco
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Franco at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 8, 2013
James Franco
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Franco at the
Spider-Man 3 premiere, April 2007
James Franco
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Franco, preparing to ride in the
Blue Angels No. 7, with Patrick Palma in a two-seat FA-18B, in August 2006
James Franco
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Franco at the premiere of
127 Hours.
10.
Helena Bonham Carter
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Helena Bonham Carter, CBE is an English actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove. For her role as Queen Elizabeth in The Kings Speech, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and she also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role as British author Enid Blyton in the TV film Enid. Bonham Carter began her career playing the title character in Lady Jane. Her other television films include A Pattern of Roses, Live from Baghdad, Toast, Bonham Carter was born in Islington, London. C. Her mother, Elena, is a psychotherapist who is of mostly Jewish background and her paternal grandmother was politician and feminist icon Violet Asquith, daughter of H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the first half of World War I. Bonham Carter is the youngest of three children, with two brothers, Edward and Thomas and they were brought up in Golders Green and she was educated at South Hampstead High School, and completed her A-levels at Westminster School. When Bonham Carter was five, her mother had a nervous breakdown. Five years after her mothers recovery, her father was diagnosed with acoustic neuroma and he suffered complications during an operation to remove the tumour which led to a stroke that left him half-paralysed and using a wheelchair. With her brothers at college, Bonham Carter was left to help her mother cope and she later studied her fathers movements and mannerisms for her role in The Theory of Flight. Bonham Carter, who has no formal acting training, entered the field winning a national writing contest and she made her professional acting début at the age of 16 in a television commercial. She also had a part in a minor TV film, A Pattern of Roses and her first lead film role was as Lady Jane Grey in Lady Jane, which was given mixed reviews by critics. Her breakthrough role was Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View, the role went to Emily Watson, who was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance. In 1994, Bonham Carter appeared in a sequence during the second series of the British sitcom Absolutely Fabulous, as Edina Monsoons daughter Saffron. Throughout the series, references were made to Saffrons resemblance to Bonham Carter and her early films led to her being typecast as a corset queen, and English rose, playing pre- and early 20th century characters, particularly in Merchant-Ivory films. She played Olivia in Trevor Nunns film version of Twelfth Night in 1996, Bonham Carter speaks French fluently, and starred in a 1996 French film Portraits chinois. In August 2001, she was featured in Maxim, Bonham Carter was a member of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival jury that unanimously selected The Wind That Shakes the Barley as best film. In May 2006, Bonham Carter launched her own line, The Pantaloonies
Helena Bonham Carter
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Bonham Carter at the
83rd Academy Awards (2011)
Helena Bonham Carter
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Bonham Carter and
Colin Firth in the 2010 film
The King's Speech
Helena Bonham Carter
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Helena Bonham Carter at 26th
Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2011
Helena Bonham Carter
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Bonham Carter at the 2005
Toronto International Film Festival, promoting
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit
11.
Principal photography
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Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production. Its start generally marks a point of no return for the financiers, feature films usually have insurance in place by the time principal photography begins. The death of a star before completing all planned takes. For example, sets are notoriously flammable, and most older studios feature water towers for that reason, furthermore, professional-quality movie cameras are normally rented as needed, and most camera houses will not allow rentals of their equipment without proof of insurance. Once a film concludes principal photography, it is said to have wrapped, in these circumstances, additional material may have to be shot. If the material has already been shot once, or is substantial, the process is referred to as a re-shoot, learning materials related to Filmmaking at Wikiversity Media related to Filmmaking at Wikimedia Commons
Principal photography
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Film production on location in
Newark, New Jersey.
12.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
