Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group. It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters with a considerable Iraqi membership.
A pair of armed anti-American insurgents in Iraq in 2006
The UN headquarters building in Baghdad after the Canal Hotel bombing, on 22 August 2003
Car bombings were a common form of attack in Iraq during the Coalition occupation
U.S. soldiers in Fallujah in November 2004 pursuing Al-Zarqawi's network
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
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Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh, was a Jordanian jihadist who ran a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan. He became known after going to Iraq and being responsible for a series of bombings, beheadings, and attacks during the Iraq War, reportedly "turning an insurgency against US troops" in Iraq "into a Shia–Sunni civil war". He was sometimes known by his supporters as the "Sheikh of the slaughterers".
al-Zarqawi in May 2004
U.S. soldiers in Fallujah in November 2004 pursuing Al-Zarqawi's network
American hostage Nick Berg seated, with five men standing over him. The man directly behind him, alleged to be Zarqawi, is the one who beheaded Berg.
Colin Powell's U.N. presentation slide showing Al-Zarqawi's global terrorist network