Gilded Balloon
Gilded Balloon is a producer and promoter of live entertainment events, based in Edinburgh and best known as one of the Big Four venue operators at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August. The company has its origins in a venue known as The Gilded Balloon on Edinburgh's Cowgate, where artistic director Karen Koren first started promoting comedy events in 1986; when a fire in 2002 destroyed the original premises, Gilded Balloon shifted its Fringe operations to Teviot Row House in Bristo Square, which became the company's main venue. Gilded Balloon operates outside the Fringe, including running monthly comedy nights in the studio of Edinburgh Festival Theatre. Gilded Balloon founder, Karen Koren, started promoting comedy at McNally's, a restaurant and club based in a townhouse at 6 Palmerston Place, near Haymarket Station, which opened in February 1985; the owner had intended to open a casino upstairs. Koren, working there alongside other part-time jobs, including working for the Norwegian Consulate, was well-connected to people involved with the Comedy Store and had been observing the growth of comedy during the Edinburgh Fringe each year.
Instead of the intended casino, she turned the room into a year-round performance space for comedians Scottish ones. Early performances included Craig Ferguson, Jerry Sadowitz, duo Alan Cumming and Forbes Masson as glam double-act Victor and Barry; the Gilded Balloon itself was established by Karen Koren in 1986, staging seven shows a day in a building on Cowgate, J. & R. Allan's department store; the building was built in 1823 by James Spittal, a draper and silk merchant, who used it as a warehouse for his shop "The Gilded Balloon". It had a gentle curve on its South Bridge side, its 3am late-licence meant it became a place for socialising, Late'n'Live, a raucous late night show was started there. It became "a natural home" for comedians. In 1988, the Gilded Balloon devised the competition "So You Think You're Funny", won by many notable comics including Rhona Cameron, Lee Mack, Dylan Moran, Tommy Tiernan and Peter Kay; the competition was sponsored by Channel 4 from 1993 until 2004, with five and the Paramount Comedy Channel taking over in 2005.
Karen Koren is one of the major supporters of Australian comedy talent, has produced a number of notable Australian acts at the Gilded Balloon over the years, including Greg Fleet, is noted for being the springboard for the careers of Tim Minchin and Drags Aloud. In 2001, the Gilded Balloon expanded to include Teviot Row House in Bristo Square, owned by the Edinburgh University Students' Association. On 7 December 2002, a fire devastated its original Cowgate base. In 2007, the C venues used the space to create a new venue, the "Soco Urban Garden"; the Gilded Balloon continues to use Teviot Row House which, in 2014, contained nine performance spaces, The Debating Hall being the biggest, seating 360, The Turret being the smallest at 50 seats. Other venues include The Dining Room, The Wine Bar, The Wee Room, The Nightclub, The Sportsman's, The Balcony and The Billiard room. Gilded Balloon's offices are at 25 Greenside Place in Edinburgh, run by a small team of full-time staff. During his early career, Russell Brand was forcefully ejected from the Gilded Balloon.
The Gilded Balloon Late'n' Live So You Think You're Funny
Kate Moss
Katherine Ann Moss is an English model and businesswoman. Born in Croydon, Greater London, she was discovered in 1988 at age 14 by Sarah Doukas, founder of Storm Model Management, at JFK Airport in New York City. Arriving at the end of the "supermodel era", Moss rose to fame in the mid 1990s as part of the heroin chic fashion trend, her collaborations with Calvin Klein brought her to fashion icon status. She is known for her waifish figure, role in size zero fashion, she received an award at the 2013 British Fashion Awards to acknowledge her contribution to fashion over 25 years. Moss is a contributing fashion editor for British Vogue. Moss has been involved in musical projects, she has won accolades for modelling. In 2007, Time named her one of the world's 100 most influential people, she has inspired cultural depictions including a £1.5m 18 carat gold statue of her, sculpted in 2008 for a British Museum exhibition. She received media scrutiny for her party drug use. Drug allegations beginning in late 2005 led to her being dropped from fashion campaigns.
She was resumed modelling. In 2012, she came second on the Forbes top-earning models list, with estimated earnings of $9.2 million in one year. Moss was born on 16 January 1974 in Croydon, Greater London, the daughter of Linda Rosina, a barmaid, Peter Edward Moss, an airline employee, grew up in the Addiscombe area of the borough, she has a younger brother, a half-sister named Lottie. Moss's parents divorced when she was 13, she attended Riddlesdown High School in Purley. Moss was discovered in 1988 at 14 by Sarah Doukas, founder of Storm Model Management, at JFK Airport in New York, after a holiday in The Bahamas. Corinne Day shot black-and-white photographs of her, styled by Melanie Ward, for The Face when she was 16, in a shoot titled "The 3rd Summer of Love". Moss was presented as a young unknown, Day described the pictures as "dirty realism" or "grunge". Moss featured in the Levi's campaign'Levis for Girls', with great success, set up by The Design Corporation and again shot by Corinne Day.
A further shoot followed for The Face, by Tony Briggs, entitled "Haute Coiffure", Moss went on to become the "anti-supermodel" of the 1990s in contrast to the models of the moment, such as Cindy Crawford, Elle Macpherson, Claudia Schiffer and Naomi Campbell, who were known for curvaceous and tall figures. Moss featured in the fashion look heroin chic in 1996 with a campaign for Calvin Klein. Then-US President Bill Clinton spoke out against the trend. Moss said, "It was just the time, it was a swing from more buxom girls like Cindy Crawford and people were shocked to see what they called a'waif'. What can you say? How many times can you say'I'm not anorexic'?" On 20 September 2005, the Swedish fashion retailer H&M dropped her from its campaign of autumn clothes designed by Stella McCartney because of drug allegations. The contract was worth £4 million a year. A day Chanel said it would not renew its contract with Moss, to expire that October, although its decision had nothing to do with the drug scandal.
Burberry dropped Moss's campaign with them. Moss apologised. Moss appeared in ad campaigns for Dior, she was on the cover of the November 2005 W and inside in a multi-page fashion shoot. She was defended by designer Alexander McQueen, during his walk-out after a fashion show, wore a T-shirt saying "We love you Kate". Artist Stella Vine supported Moss, paintings by Vine, painted during the scandal, were exhibited and reproduced in the press. On 5 January 2006, the London Metropolitan Police asked Moss to return from the US to Britain to answer questions about the September 2005 cocaine scandal. On 16 June 2006, British police dropped the charges for lack of evidence. Moss was cleared of all charges and resumed her modelling career. In 2015 Moss was escorted off an Easyjet flight by police. Moss has been featured in ad campaigns with Chanel, Burberry, Stuart Weitzman, rag & bone, Alexander Wang, David Yurman, Roberto Cavalli, Isabel Marant, Yves Saint Laurent, Gucci, Dolce & Gabbana, Calvin Klein, Alexander McQueen, Equipment and Bulgari.
She has been on the cover and in fashion spreads for most magazines including UK, US, French Vogue, Another Man, Harper's Bazaar, Vanity Fair, the Face, W. She has been on the cover of British Vogue 30 times, shot the inaugural covers for both Russian Vogue with Amber Valletta and Japanese Vogue, in addition to dozens of other international Vogue covers. Moss has been on the cover of 17 issues of W, including one with nine different covers that featured her. W named Moss its muse. Moss has featured on the inaugural covers of Numéro, Numéro Tokyo and Spanish L'Officiel, she has worked extensively with photographers such as Mario Testino, Mario Sorrenti, Steven Klein, Juergen Teller, Steven Meisel and Peter Lindbergh, won the Vogue/CFDA award from the Fashion Designers of America in July 2005 as Fashion Inspiration. April 2005 saw the launch of a Rimmel London mascara TV ad featuring leather-clad Moss motorcycling through London to the rock song "Another Cold Beer" by Steven Crayn. Twelve months after her cocaine scandal, Moss signed 18 contracts for autumn-winter 2006 including Rimmel, Agent Provocateur, Virgin Mobile, Calvin Klein and Burberry.
Moss designed a collection, for Topshop. Moss launched a fragrance and body lotion range bearing her name in association w
Peru
Peru the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE; the Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies, with its capital in Lima.
Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, following the military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru secured independence in 1824. In the ensuing years, the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability, which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile. Throughout the 20th century, Peru endured armed territorial disputes, social unrest, internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990. Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017. After the president's regime, Fujimori's followers, called Fujimoristas, have caused political turmoil for any opposing faction in power causing Pedro Pablo Kuczynski to resign in March 2018; the sovereign state of Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. It is classified as an emerging market with a high level of human development and an upper middle income level with a poverty rate around 19 percent.
It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9% and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%. Its main economic activities include mining, manufacturing and fishing; the country forms part of The Pacific Pumas, a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America's Pacific coast that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration. Peru ranks high in social freedom. Peru has a population of 32 million, which includes Amerindians, Europeans and Asians; the main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine and music; the name of the country may be derived from Birú, the name of a local ruler who lived near the Bay of San Miguel, Panama City, in the early 16th century.
When his possessions were visited by Spanish explorers in 1522, they were the southernmost part of the New World yet known to Europeans. Thus, when Francisco Pizarro explored the regions farther south, they came to be designated Birú or Perú. An alternative history is provided by the contemporary writer Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, son of an Inca princess and a conquistador, he said the name Birú was that of a common Indian happened upon by the crew of a ship on an exploratory mission for governor Pedro Arias de Ávila, went on to relate more instances of misunderstandings due to the lack of a common language. The Spanish Crown gave the name legal status with the 1529 Capitulación de Toledo, which designated the newly encountered Inca Empire as the province of Peru. Under Spanish rule, the country adopted the denomination Viceroyalty of Peru, which became Republic of Peru after independence; the earliest evidences of human presence in Peruvian territory have been dated to 9,000 BC. Andean societies were based on agriculture, terracing.
Organization relied on reciprocity and redistribution because these societies had no notion of market or money. The oldest known complex society in Peru, the Norte Chico civilization, flourished along the coast of the Pacific Ocean between 3,000 and 1,800 BC; these early developments were followed by archaeological cultures that developed around the coastal and Andean regions throughout Peru. The Cupisnique culture which flourished from around 1000 to 200 BC along what is now Peru's Pacific Coast was an example of early pre-Incan culture; the Chavín culture that developed from 1500 to 300 BC was more of a religious than a political phenomenon, with their religious centre in Chavín de Huantar. After the decline of the Chavin culture around the beginning of the 1st century AD, a series of localized and specialized cultures rose and fell
Los Angeles
Los Angeles the City of Los Angeles and known by its initials L. A. is the most populous city in California, the second most populous city in the United States, after New York City, the third most populous city in North America. With an estimated population of four million, Los Angeles is the cultural and commercial center of Southern California; the city is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity and the entertainment industry, its sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles is the largest city on the West Coast of North America. Los Angeles is in a large basin bounded by the Pacific Ocean on one side and by mountains as high as 10,000 feet on the other; the city proper, which covers about 469 square miles, is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the country. Los Angeles is the principal city of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second largest in the United States after that of New York City, with a population of 13.1 million. It is part of the Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area the nation's second most populous area with a 2015 estimated population of 18.7 million.
Los Angeles is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States, with a diverse economy in a broad range of professional and cultural fields. Los Angeles is famous as the home of Hollywood, a major center of the world entertainment industry. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global Economic Power Index; the Los Angeles metropolitan area has a gross metropolitan product of $1.044 trillion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics and will host the event for a third time in 2028; the city hosted the Miss Universe pageant twice, in 1990 and 2006, was one of 9 American cities to host the 1994 FIFA men's soccer World Cup and one of 8 to host the 1999 FIFA women's soccer World Cup, hosting the final match for both tournaments. Home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California.
The city was founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood; the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California assured the city's continued rapid growth; the Los Angeles coastal area was settled by the Chumash tribes. A Gabrieleño settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning "poison oak place". Maritime explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area of southern California for the Spanish Empire in 1542 while on an official military exploring expedition moving north along the Pacific coast from earlier colonizing bases of New Spain in Central and South America.
Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2, 1769. In 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. On September 4, 1781, a group of forty-four settlers known as "Los Pobladores" founded the pueblo they called El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles,'The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels'; the present-day city has the largest Roman Catholic Archdiocese in the United States. Two-thirds of the Mexican or settlers were mestizo or mulatto, a mixture of African and European ancestry; the settlement remained a small ranch town for decades, but by 1820, the population had increased to about 650 residents. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the historic district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street, the oldest part of Los Angeles. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, the pueblo continued as a part of Mexico.
During Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta California's regional capital. Mexican rule ended during the Mexican–American War: Americans took control from the Californios after a series of battles, culminating with the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847. Railroads arrived with the completion of the transcontinental Southern Pacific line to Los Angeles in 1876 and the Santa Fe Railroad in 1885. Petroleum was discovered in the city and surrounding area in 1892, by 1923, the discoveries had helped California become the country's largest oil producer, accounting for about one-quarter of the world's petroleum output. By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000; the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, under the supervision of William Mulholland, assured the continued growth of the city. Due to clauses in the city's charter that prevented the City of Los Angeles from selling or providing water from the aqueduct to any area outside its borders, many adjacent city and communities became compelled to annex themselves into Los Angeles.
Los Angeles created the first municipal zoning ordinance in the United States. On September 14, 1908, the Los Angeles City Council promulgated residential and industrial land use zones; the new ordinance established three residential zones of a single type, where industrial uses were
Cowgate
The Cowgate is a street in Edinburgh, located about 550 yards southeast of Edinburgh Castle, within the city's World Heritage Site. The street is part of the lower level of Edinburgh's Old Town, which lies below the elevated streets of South Bridge and George IV Bridge; the Cowgate can be quite gloomy and dark in sections. It meets the Grassmarket at Holyrood Road to the east; the street's name is recorded from 1428, in various spellings, as Cowgate and in 1498 as Via Vaccarum. It is derived from the medieval practice of herding cattle down the street on market days. Gate is a Scots language word for "way" or "road", a cognate of similar words in other Germanic languages. Describing the street in the 1581 edition of their atlas of major cities Civitates orbis terrarum, Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg said the Cow Gate was where "...the noble families and city councillors have their residences, together with other princely houses and palaces most handsome to behold."Between the mid 18th and mid 20th centuries the Cowgate was a poor overcrowded slum area.
In the 19th century it was home to much of the city's Irish immigrant community and nicknamed "Little Ireland". In the evening of 7 December 2002, a fire started above the Belle Angele nightclub off the Cowgate, it swept up through the eight storey structure to other buildings on Cowgate and above it on South Bridge. The complicated nature of the buildings, with narrow alleys and entrances from the same building onto streets at different heights, complicated efforts to fight the fire, was called a "rabbit warren" by Lothian and Borders Fire Brigade, it took. 150 people were forced to flee the flames. The University of Edinburgh School of Informatics on South Bridge was badly damaged. Little current research data was lost in the fire due to offsite backups. In 2005 work began on a new building, the Informatics Forum, occupied mid-2008. Destroyed was the Gilded Balloon, a major venue for the Edinburgh Fringe, offices for both the Gilded Balloon and Underbelly venues housed in an 1823 listed warehouse by Thomas Hamilton.
The Gilded Balloon moved to premises in Teviot Row House. The First Minister of Scotland appealed to the UNESCO World Heritage Fund for money to assist in the redevelopment of the site; the site has been temporarily used as a Fringe venue again, becoming the C venues' Urban Garden during the 2007 and 2008 Festival. The gap site was acquired by the property developer Whiteburn, who were granted planning permission in January 2009 to build a new mixed-use development using the site and existing adjacent buildings. Construction began in 2012 and was completed in late 2013; the main components of the development are a small Sainsbury's supermarket, a 259-bed Ibis Hotel, restaurants, a nightclub and a vennel. In 2016, protesters camped out in Cowgate to prevent the building of luxury hotel by Jansons Property; the protesters argued that the development might damage Edinburgh's UNESCO status, would displace homeless people, would remove a medical facility for the homeless and would block the natural light of the Edinburgh Central Library.
MSP Andy Wightman offered his support to the campaign. The oldest building lies to the west end, but is sandwiched between other larger buildings and missed, it stands on the south side of the street, just west of where George IV Bridge crosses over the Cowgate. This is the Magdalen Chapel, a 16th-century almshouse chapel built with monies left by Michael MacQueen in 1537. Work was completed in 1544 and it operated as a hospital almshouse under the control of MacQueen's widow, Janet Rynd until her death in 1553, when it passed to the Incorporation of Hammermen; the entrance as seen from the Cowgate was rebuilt in 1613. The spire was added in 1620. St Cecilia's Hall by Robert Mylne was built for the Musical Society of Edinburgh in 1763, it now houses a small Georgian concert space and an important collection of early keyboard instruments owned by Edinburgh University. St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church stands at the east end of the Cowgate, it dates from 1772 but was extensively remodelled in 1929 following demolition of the tenements along the north side of the Cowgate which obscured its frontage.
Both the National Library of Scotland and the Edinburgh Central Library have their lower floors on the Cowgate, with public access being on George IV Bridge above. Janet Boyman, executed for witchcraft on 29 December 1572. James Connolly, Irish revolutionary was born in 1868 at number 107 Cowgate. Football club Hibernian F. C. was founded by congregants of St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church in the Cowgate in August 1875 - the club was based at St Patrick's until the early 1890s, cups the club won from this period are still displayed in the church. Canon John Gray and priest was a curate at St. Patrick's. Venerable Margaret Sinclair lived at Blackfriars Street, just off the Cowgate. Map showing the Cowgate Chapter XXXI - The Cowgate in Old and New Edinburgh by James Grant, published by Cassell in the 1880s'SoCo' proposal for the Cowgate fire gap site
Sami Brady
Sami Brady is a fictional character from the American NBC daytime soap opera, Days of Our Lives, portrayed by Alison Sweeney since 1993. The character was born on-screen during the episode of October 16, 1984, along with her twin brother Eric Brady. Played by a series of child actresses, Sweeney took over the role of Sami when the character was rapidly-aged from a pre-teen to a teenager, in January 1993, under the pen of headwriters Sheri Anderson and James E. Reilly. Sami is known for her outlandish trouble-making ways in pursuit of what she wants, her turbulent relationships with men, fiercely fighting for her children, she has been described as vindictive and the girl "you love to hate", but like as she is "so over the top." Sami has been part of two daytime supercouples: with Lucas Horton, EJ DiMera. Sweeney won a Special Fan Award for "America's Favorite Villain" at the 2002 Daytime Emmy Awards. Seven child actresses portrayed Sami. Baby Ronit Arnoff represented Sami. Sami was rapidly-aged about two years.
Ashleigh Sterling became the first child actress to play Sami over an extended period, followed by Christina Wagoner. The current actress Alison Sweeney took over the role of Sami as a teenager on January 22, 1993, played her into adulthood. Sweeney has been portraying Sami for over twenty-one years; when Sweeney took maternity leave in 2005, Sami stayed on the show. Sweeney and Sami departed the show in 2014, but Sweeney has returned three times since for short-term appearances, most from August 23 to November 8, 2018. Sami was not Sweeney's first role on the show. Sweeney has talked about starting on the show as Sami: "I remember my first day at work. I was so excited to be a part of a show that I'd been a fan of My first two weeks on the show I was sneaking around Salem, so there weren't a lot of lines to memorize. My first scene was with Wayne Northrop, who pulled a gun on me and said something like'Freeze or I'll shoot!'" Sweeney has cited Northrop, Deidre Hall, Drake Hogestyn and as influences on her career playing the role, stating: "I learned so many lessons from them".
When her 20th anniversary as Sami was approaching, fans speculated that she might depart from the series, but Sweeney inked a new deal with the show. She said, "I am super-excited to stay, I am so honored that they asked me to stay; the job continues to challenge me. I have shot my 20th anniversary episode, which airs on January 6, so I had this huge milestone and it's been such an amazing journey. I love my job, I love the people I work with and I love Sami." In January 2014, Sweeney announced. She revealed. I'm celebrating my 21st year and I decided that it's going to be my last year with the show," Sweeney announced. "I've been on Days of Our Lives since I was 16-years-old, I have never had more than a two-week vacation in that whole time. It's awesome. I love Sami, I love Salem, I love my job, I love daytime, I love the fans—I love everything about it." Her departing episode aired October 30, 2014. In 2015, Sweeney returned to Days of Our Lives to be part of the soap's 50th anniversary celebration.
In March 2018 it was announced that Sweeney would again be returning as Sami. Sweeney teased the new story, saying it is: "super exciting a roller-coaster ride and fun." Sami featured from August 23 to November 8, 2018. Since Sweeney has stepped into the role, Sami has been showcased as the series' primary troublemaker and "the girl you loved to hate" through her lying and scheming. In recent years, Sweeney has established herself as a leading heroine, with the show centering on the popular and controversial relationships between Sami and her love interests Austin Reed, Franco Kelly, Brandon Walker, Lucas Roberts, EJ DiMera, Rafe Hernandez. Characterized as the iron-willed daughter of Dr. Marlena Evans, Sami was transformed by writer James E. Reilly in the summer of 1994, converting the character from a stubborn moody teenager to a "conniving bitch", having her kidnap her baby sister and break up supercouple Carrie Brady and Austin Reed, including blackmail Nicole Walker and Lexie Carver on numerous incidents.
However, as ratings declined in the mid-2000s, Sami's storylines proved to be "worn out" and in 2006, new Days head writers Hogan Sheffer and Meg Kelly converted the character to a heroine by pairing her with EJ DiMera and Rafe Hernandez. In 2013 head writers Christopher Whitesell and Gary Tomlin turned Sami back into a scheming vixen. With her son Will being tormented by Nick Fallon and her fiancé, EJ DiMera sleeping with Abigail Deveraux, Sami returned to her evil ways
All My Children
All My Children is an American television soap opera that aired on ABC for 41 years, from January 5, 1970, to September 23, 2011, on The Online Network from April 29 to September 2, 2013, via Hulu, Hulu Plus, iTunes. Created by Agnes Nixon, All My Children is set in Pine Valley, Pennsylvania, a fictional suburb of Philadelphia, modeled on the actual Philadelphia suburb of Rosemont; the original series featured Susan Lucci as Erica Kane, one of daytime television's most popular characters. The title of the series refers to the bonds of humanity. All My Children was the first new network daytime drama. Owned by Creative Horizons, Inc. the company created by Nixon and her husband, the show was sold to ABC in January 1975. The series started at a half-hour in per-installment length was expanded to a full hour on April 25, 1977. Earlier, the show had experimented with the full-hour format for one week starting on June 30, 1975, after which Ryan's Hope premiered. From 1970 to 1990, All My Children was recorded at ABC's TV18 at 101 West 67th St, now a 50-story apartment tower.
From March 1990 to December 2009, it was taped at ABC's Studio TV23 at 320 West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York. In December 2009, the locale for taping the series moved from Manhattan to less costly Los Angeles, California; the show was produced in Stages 1 and 2 at the Andrita Studios in Los Angeles, from 2010 to 2011, at the Connecticut Film Center in Stamford, Connecticut. All My Children started taping in high definition on January 4, 2010, began airing in high definition on February 3, 2010. All My Children became the third soap opera to be broadcast in high definition. At one point, the program's popularity positioned it as the most recorded television show in the United States. In a departure from societal norms at the time, All My Children, in the mid-1970s, had an audience, estimated to be 30% male; the show ranked No. 1 in the daytime Nielsen ratings in the 1978–79 season. Throughout most of the 1980s and into the early 1990s, All My Children was the No. 2 daytime soap opera on the air.
However, like the rest of the soap operas in the United States, All My Children experienced unprecedented declines in its daytime ratings during the 2000s. By the 2010s, it had become one of the least watched soap operas in daytime television. On April 14, 2011, ABC announced the cancellation of All My Children after a run of 41 years due to low ratings. On July 7, 2011, ABC sold the licensing rights of All My Children to third-party production company Prospect Park with the show set to continue on the internet as a series of webisodes; the show taped its final scenes for ABC on August 30, 2011, its final episode on the network aired on September 23, 2011, with a cliffhanger. On September 26, 2011, the following Monday, ABC replaced All My Children with a newly debuted talk show The Chew. Prospect Park had suspended its plan to revive the series on November 23, 2011, due to lack of funding and unsuccessful negotiation with the union organizations representing the actors and crews. On January 7, 2013, Prospect Park brought back its project to restore All My Children as a web series.
The show taped its first scenes for Prospect Park TOLN on February 18, 2013, its first episode on the network aired on April 29, 2013. However, the new series faced several behind-the-scene obstacles throughout its run. On November 11, 2013, several All My Children cast members announced that Prospect Park had closed production and canceled the series again. ABC regained the rights to All My Children in December 2016. Agnes Nixon head writer for The Guiding Light, first came up with the idea for All My Children in the 1960s; when writing the story bible, she designed the show so it would be a light-hearted soap opera that focused on social issues and young love. She unsuccessfully attempted to sell the series to NBC to CBS, once again to NBC through Procter & Gamble; when Procter & Gamble was unable to make room for the show in its lineup, Nixon put All My Children on hold. Nixon became head writer for Another World in 1965, decided to use a few ideas from her All My Children bible. In one specific case, she used the model of the Erica Kane character to create a brand new Another World character named Rachel Davis.
Nixon said Rachel was Erica's "precursor to the public... Erica and Rachel have in common is they thought if they could get their dream, they'd be satisfied... But that dream has been elusive", Nixon said. ABC approached her to create a show that would reflect a more contemporary tone; that program became One Life to Live, it debuted in 1968. After the show became a success, the network asked her for another program, she obliged by reviving her All My Children bible and the Erica Kane character; the poem, written by Nixon, that appears in the title credits' photo album reads: The Great and the Least, The Rich and the Poor, The Weak and the Strong, In Sickness and in Health, In Joy and Sorrow, In Tragedy and Triumph, You are ALL MY CHILDREN All My Children debuted on January 5, 1970, replacing the canceled game show Dream House. Rosemary Prinz was signed on to be the "special guest star" for six months, playing the role of political activist Amy Tyler. Prinz was well known for her role of Penny Hughes on As the World Turns in the 1950s and 1960s, she was added to the show to give it an initial boost due to her name value.
From 1970 and into the 1980s, the show was either written by Nixon herself or by her protégé, Wisner Washam. He was groomed by Nixon to take over the reins in the 1980s while she focused on other endeavors, which included creating and launching Loving in 1983. Nixon strove to cr
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