January 1

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. It is also the first day of the first quarter of the year and the first half of the year.

History[edit]

During the Middle Ages under the influence of the Catholic Church, many countries in western Europe moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals – December 25 (the Nativity of Jesus), March 1, March 25 (the Annunciation), or even Easter. Eastern European countries (most of them with populations showing allegiance to the Orthodox Church) began their numbered year on September 1 from about 988.^{[citation needed]}

In England, January 1 was celebrated as the New Year festival, but from the 12th century to 1752 the year in England began on March 25 (Lady Day). So, for example, the Parliamentary record notes the execution of Charles I as occurring on January 30, 1648, (as the year did not end until March 24), although modern histories adjust the start of the year to January 1 and record the execution as occurring in 1649.

Most western European countries changed the start of the year to January 1 before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to January 1 in 1600. England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to January 1 in 1752. Later that year in September, the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies. These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.

January 1 became the official start of the year as follows:

• 1362 Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• 1522 Republic of Venice
• 1544 Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
• 1556 Spain, Portugal
• 1559 Prussia, Sweden
• 1564 France
• 1576 Southern Netherlands
• 1579 Duchy of Lorraine
• 1583 Northern Netherlands
• 1600 Scotland
• 1700 Russia
• 1721 Tuscany
• 1752 Great Britain (excluding Scotland) and its colonies

Events[edit]

• 153 BC – Roman consuls begin their year in office.
• 45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.
• 42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.
• AD 1 – Circumcision of Jesus Christ. The name Jesus was chosen at that day. According to what Joseph got in his dream.
• AD 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
• 193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.
• 404 – Telemachus, a Christian monk, is killed for attempting to stop a gladiators' fight in the public arena held in Rome.
• 417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum).
• 1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II.
• 1068 – Romanos IV Diogenes marries Eudokia Makrembolitissa and is crowned Byzantine Emperor.
• 1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.
• 1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
• 1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is first explored by the Portuguese.
• 1515 – King Francis I of France succeeds to the French throne.
• 1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.
• 1600 – Scotland begins its numbered year on January 1 instead of March 25.
• 1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
• 1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era instead of the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1707 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.
• 1739 – Bouvet Island, the world's remotest island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
• 1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which can be used in 90 European cities, is issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.
• 1773 – The hymn that became known as "Amazing Grace", then titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17" is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire, England.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Norfolk, Virginia is burned by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.
• 1781 – American Revolutionary War: One thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebel against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey in the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny of 1781.
• 1788 – First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
• 1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
• 1803 – Emperor Gia Long orders all bronze wares of the Tây Sơn dynasty to be collected and melted into nine cannons for the Royal Citadel in Huế, Vietnam.
• 1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black republic and second independent country in North America after the United States
• 1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.
• 1808 – The United States bans the importation of slaves.
• 1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.
• 1812 – The Bishop of Durham, Shute Barrington, orders troops from Durham Castle to break up a miners' strike in Chester-le-Street, Co. Durham
• 1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.
• 1833 – The United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
• 1847 – The world's first "Mercy" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh by the Sisters of Mercy; the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.
• 1860 – First Polish stamp is issued.
• 1861 – Porfirio Díaz conquers Mexico City, Mexico.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.
• 1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.
• 1881 – Ferdinand de Lesseps begins French construction of the Panama Canal.
• 1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time (and also, time zones)
• 1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.
• 1892 – Ellis Island opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States.
• 1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
• 1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
• 1901 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
• 1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
• 1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.
• 1908 – For the first time, a ball is dropped in New York City's Times Square to signify the start of the New Year at midnight.
• 1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to Rear admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for Royal family members), since Horatio Nelson.
• 1912 – The Republic of China is established.
• 1914 – The SPT Airboat Line becomes the world's first scheduled airline to use a winged aircraft.
• 1920 – The Belorussian Communist Organisation is founded as a separate party.
• 1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.
• 1927 – The Cristero War begins in Mexico.
• 1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran. He is the only assistant of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Eastern Bloc.
• 1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.
• 1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.
• 1934 – Alcatraz Island becomes a United States federal prison.
• 1934 – Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".
• 1937 – Safety glass in vehicle windscreens becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom.
• 1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.
• 1945 – World War II: In retaliation for the Malmedy massacre, U.S. troops kill 60 German POWs at Chenogne.
• 1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.
• 1947 – Cold War: The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.
• 1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.
• 1948 – The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.
• 1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.
• 1950 – Standard practice uses this day as the origin of the age scale Before Present.
• 1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.
• 1957 – George Town, Penang becomes a city by a royal charter granted by Elizabeth II.
• 1958 – European Economic Community established on this day.
• 1959 – Cuban Revolution: Fulgencio Batista, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces.
• 1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.
• 1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.
• 1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.
• 1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.
• 1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
• 1973 – Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom are admitted into the European Economic Community.
• 1978 – Air India Flight 855 Boeing 747 crashes into the sea, due to instrument failure and pilot disorientation, off the coast of Bombay, India, killing 213.
• 1979 – Formal diplomatic relations are established between China and the United States.
• 1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.
• 1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.
• 1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
• 1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.
• 1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.
• 1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone.
• 1986 – Aruba becomes independent of Curaçao, though it remains in free association with the Netherlands.
• 1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.
• 1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.
• 1990 – Rowan Atkinson's Mr. Bean debuts on Thames Television.
• 1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.
• 1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.
• 1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas.
• 1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect.
• 1995 – The World Trade Organization goes into effect.
• 1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.
• 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.
• 1996 – Curaçao gains limited self-government, though it remains within free association with the Netherlands.
• 1998 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.
• 1999 – Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exceptions of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden; Greece later adopts the euro).
• 2002 – Euro currency becomes legal tender in twelve of the European Union's member states.
• 2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is "deemed to be elected" to the office of President until October 2007.
• 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania join the EU.
• 2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 disappears over Sulawesi Strait, Indonesia with 102 people on board.
• 2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.
• 2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.
• 2011 – A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.
• 2011 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.
• 2013 – At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a stampede after celebrations at Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
• 2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
• 2016 – The Address Downtown Dubai burns over midnight as the New Year is rung in. The blaze started on the night of New Year's Eve 2015, by currently unknown causes. There was one fatality.
• 2017 – An attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey, during New Year's celebrations, kills at least 39 people and injures more than 60 others.

Births[edit]

• 377 – Arcadius, Byzantine emperor (d. 408)
• 1431 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)
• 1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian politician (d. 1492)
• 1453 – Bernardin Frankopan, Croatian nobleman, diplomat and soldier (d. 1529)
• 1465 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (d. 1523)
• 1467 – Sigismund I the Old, Polish king (d. 1548)
• 1470 – Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1543)
• 1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (d. 1531)
• 1500 – Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (d. 1532)
• 1509 – Guillaume Le Testu, French privateer (d. 1573)
• 1515 – Johann Weyer, Dutch physician (d. 1588)
• 1516 – Margaret Leijonhufvud, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1551)
• 1526 – Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin America, patron saint of Colombia (d. 1581)
• 1530 – Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (d. 1587)
• 1545 – Magnus Heinason, Faroese naval hero (d. 1589)
• 1548 – Giordano Bruno, Italian mathematician, friar, philosopher, poet, and cosmological theorist (d. 1600)
• 1557 – Stephen Bocskay, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1606)
• 1560 – Hugh Myddelton, Welsh businessman (d. 1631)
• 1561 – Thomas Walsingham, English spymaster (d. 1630)
• 1579 – Jacob Dircksz de Graeff, Dutch mayor (d. 1638)
• 1584 – Charles de Lorme, French physician (d. 1678)
• 1586 – Pau Claris i Casademunt, Catalan ecclesiastic (d. 1641)
• 1600 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian and academic (d. 1649)
• 1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer and theorist (d. 1692)
• 1638 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
• 1638 – Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (d. 1686)
• 1650 – George Rooke, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1709)
• 1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1728)
• 1684 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch scholar and author (d. 1748)
• 1704 – Soame Jenyns, English author, poet, and politician (d. 1787)
• 1711 – Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (d. 1749)
• 1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian soprano and author (d. 1800)
• 1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian pastor and poet (d. 1780)
• 1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (d. 1818)
• 1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)
• 1750 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American minister and politician, 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1801)
• 1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, credited with designing the Flag of the United States (d. 1836)
• 1768 – Maria Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish author (d. 1849)
• 1769 – Jane Marcet, British science writer (d. 1858)
• 1769 – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, French obstetrician (d. 1821)
• 1774 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist and academic (d. 1860)
• 1779 – William Clowes, English publisher (d. 1847)
• 1803 – Edward Dickinson, American politician and father of poet Emily Dickinson (d. 1874)
• 1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1869)
• 1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (d. 1853)
• 1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (d. 1880)
• 1813 – George Bliss, American politician (d. 1868)
• 1814 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebellion leader and king (d. 1864)
• 1818 – William Gamble, American general (d. 1866)
• 1819 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English-Italian poet and academic (d. 1861)
• 1819 – George Foster Shepley, American general (d. 1878)
• 1823 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and activist (d. 1849)
• 1833 – Robert Lawson, Scottish-New Zealand architect, designed the Otago Boys' High School and Knox Church (d. 1902)
• 1834 – Ludovic Halévy, French author and playwright (d. 1908)
• 1839 – Ouida, English-Italian author and activist (d. 1908)
• 1848 – John W. Goff, Irish-American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)
• 1852 – Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, French chemist and academic (d. 1904)
• 1854 – James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist and academic (d. 1941)
• 1854 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1940)
• 1857 – Tim Keefe, American baseball player (d. 1933)
• 1859 – Michael Joseph Owens, American inventor (d. 1923)
• 1859 – Thibaw Min, Burmese king (d. 1916)
• 1860 – Dan Katchongva, American tribal leader and activist (d. 1972)
• 1860 – Jan Vilímek, Czech illustrator and painter (d. 1938)
• 1860 – John Cassidy, Irish sculptor and painter (d. 1939)
• 1860 – Michele Lega, Italian cardinal (d. 1935)
• 1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and educator, founded the International Olympic Committee (d. 1937)
• 1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (d. 1946)
• 1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)
• 1867 – Mary Ackworth Evershed, English astronomer and scholar (d. 1949)
• 1870 – Louis Vauxcelles, French Jewish art critic (d. 1943)
• 1871 – Montagu Toller, English cricketer and lawyer (d. 1948)
• 1874 – Frank Knox, American publisher and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1944)
• 1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German-American pilot and engineer (d. 1927)
• 1877 – Alexander von Staël-Holstein, German sinologist and orientalist (d. 1937)
• 1878 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer (d. 1929)
• 1879 – E. M. Forster, English author and playwright (d. 1970)
• 1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (d. 1952)
• 1883 – Mary Forbes, English actress (d. 1974)
• 1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1959)
• 1884 – Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant, engineer, and politician, founded Nakajima Aircraft Company (d. 1949)
• 1884 – José Quirante, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 1964)
• 1884 – Konstantinos Tsaldaris, Egyptian-Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1970)
• 1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (d. 1945)
• 1888 – Georgios Stanotas, Greek general (d. 1965)
• 1888 – John Garand, Canadian-American engineer, designed the M1 Garand rifle (d. 1974)
• 1889 – Charles Bickford, American actor (d. 1967)
• 1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer and academic (d. 1966)
• 1891 – Sampurnanand, Indian educator and politician, 3rd Governor of Rajasthan (d. 1969)
• 1892 – Artur Rodziński, Polish-American conductor (d. 1958)
• 1892 – Mahadev Desai, Indian author and activist (d. 1942)
• 1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Philippines (d. 1948)
• 1893 – Mordechai Frizis, Greek colonel (d. 1940)
• 1894 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist and mathematician (d. 1974)
• 1894 – Edward Joseph Hunkeler, American clergyman (d. 1970)
• 1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American law enforcement official; 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 1972)
• 1899 – Jack Beresford, British rower (d. 1977)
• 1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese soldier and diplomat (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Sam Berger, Canadian sports businessman (d. 1992)
• 1900 – Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar, Indian scholar and teacher of Hindustani classical music (d. 1974)
• 1900 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish-American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1990)
• 1902 – Buster Nupen, South African cricketer and lawyer (d. 1977)
• 1902 – Hans von Dohnányi, German jurist and political dissident (d. 1945)
• 1903 – Dwight Taylor, American screenwriter and author (d. 1986)
• 1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th President of Pakistan (d. 1982)
• 1905 – Stanisław Mazur, Ukrainian-Polish mathematician and theorist (d. 1981)
• 1907 – Kinue Hitomi, Japanese sprinter and long jumper (d. 1931)
• 1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Dattaram Hindlekar, Indian cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian soldier and politician (d. 1959)
• 1910 – Koesbini, Indonesian composer (d. 1991)
• 1911 – Audrey Wurdemann, American poet and author (d. 1960)
• 1911 – Basil Dearden, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1971)
• 1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player and lieutenant (d. 1986)
• 1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (d. 2012)
• 1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (d. 1995)
• 1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (d. 1991)
• 1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (d. 1944)
• 1917 – Shannon Bolin, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
• 1918 – Ed Price, American soldier, pilot, and politician (d. 2012)
• 1918 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2000)
• 1918 – Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (d. 1997)
• 1919 – Carole Landis, American actress (d. 1948)
• 1919 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (d. 2010)
• 1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer and actor (d. 1990)
• 1919 – Yoshio Tabata, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Mahmoud Zoufonoun, Iranian-American violinist (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Osvaldo Cavandoli, Italian cartoonist (d. 2007)
• 1921 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor and academic (d. 1998)
• 1921 – Ismail al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American philosopher and academic (d. 1986)
• 1921 – John Strawson, English general (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Regina Bianchi, Italian actress (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Ernest Hollings, American soldier and politician, 106th Governor of South Carolina
• 1922 – Jerry Robinson, American illustrator (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Roz Howard, American race car driver (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Daniel Gorenstein, American mathematician and academic (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Milt Jackson, American vibraphonist and composer (Modern Jazz Quartet) (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress
• 1924 – Charlie Munger, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1924 – Francisco Macías Nguema, Equatorial Guinean politician, 1st President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (d. 1979)
• 1925 – Matthew Beard, American child actor (d. 1981)
• 1925 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and diplomat, 1st Tanzanian Minister of Finance (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Wahiduddin Khan, Indian religious scholar and peace activist
• 1926 – Kazys Petkevičius, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Calum MacKay, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Doak Walker, American football player and businessman (d. 1998)
• 1927 – James Reeb, American clergyman and political activist (d. 1965)
• 1927 – Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 2007)
• 1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1928 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (d. 1984)
• 1928 – Gerhard Weinberg, German-American historian, author, and academic
• 1928 – Khan Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2009)
• 1929 – Larry L. King, American journalist, author, and playwright (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Raymond Chow, Hong Kong film producer, co-founded Orange Sky Golden Harvest
• 1930 – Frederick Wiseman, American director and producer
• 1930 – Gaafar Nimeiry, Egyptian-Sudanese politician, 4th President of the Sudan (d. 2009)
• 1930 – Jean-Pierre Duprey, French poet and sculptor (d. 1959)
• 1930 – Ty Hardin, American actor (d. 2017)
• 1932 – Giuseppe Patanè, Italian conductor (d. 1989)
• 1932 – Jackie Parker, American football player and coach (d. 2006)
• 1933 – Ford Konno, American swimmer
• 1933 – James Hormel, American philanthropist and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Luxembourg
• 1933 – Joe Orton, English author and playwright (d. 1967)
• 1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (d. 1984)
• 1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1935 – Om Prakash Chautala, Indian former politician
• 1936 – Don Nehlen, American football player and coach
• 1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman, co-founded Costco
• 1937 – John Fuller, English poet and author
• 1937 – Matt Robinson, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2002)
• 1938 – Frank Langella, American actor
• 1938 – Robert Jankel, English businessman, founded Panther Westwinds (d. 2005)
• 1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress
• 1939 – Mohamed El Yazghi, Moroccan politician
• 1939 – Phil Read, English motorcycle racer and businessman
• 1939 – Senfronia Thompson, American politician
• 1941 – F. R. David French musician
• 1941 – Martin Evans, English-Welsh geneticist and academic
• 1941 – Eva Ras, Serbian actress, writer, and painter
• 1941 – Younoussi Touré, Malian politician, Prime Minister of Mali
• 1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast
• 1942 – Al Hunt, American journalist
• 1942 – Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn, English dentist and politician
• 1942 – Kornelije Kovač, Serbian composer
• 1942 – Billy Lothridge, American football player (d. 1996)
• 1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1942 – Dennis Archer, American lawyer and politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit
• 1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2005)
• 1942 – Judy Stone, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Bud Hollowell, American baseball player and manager (d. 2014)
• 1943 – Don Novello, American comedian (Father Guido Sarducci), screenwriter and producer
• 1943 – Jerilyn Britz, American golfer
• 1943 – Ronald Perelman, American businessman and philanthropist, founded MacAndrews & Forbes
• 1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska
• 1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament
• 1944 – Barry Beath, Australian rugby league player
• 1944 – Charlie Davis, Trinidadian cricketer
• 1944 – Jimmy Hart, American wrestling manager and singer
• 1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (d. 2005)
• 1944 – Omar al-Bashir, Sudanese field marshal and politician, 7th President of Sudan
• 1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (d. 2013)
• 1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani field hockey player and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan
• 1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian race car driver
• 1945 – Martin Schanche, Norwegian race car driver
• 1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland
• 1946 – Carl B. Hamilton, Swedish economist and politician
• 1946 – Susannah McCorkle, American singer (d. 2001)
• 1946 – Claude Steele, African-American social psychologist and academic
• 1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1946 – Shelby Steele, American journalist, author, and director
• 1947 – Jon Corzine, American sergeant and politician, 54th Governor of New Jersey
• 1947 – Leon Patillo, American singer and evangelist
• 1947 – Leonard Thompson, American golfer
• 1948 – Devlet Bahçeli, Turkish economist, academic, and politician, 57th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
• 1948 – Dick Quax, New Zealand runner and politician (d. 2018)
• 1948 – Joe Petagno, American illustrator
• 1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Russian Minister of Defence (d. 2012)
• 1949 – Ljubodrag Simonović, Serbian philosopher, author and retired basketball player
• 1949 – Borys Tarasyuk, Ukrainian politician and diplomat
• 1949 – Olivia Goldsmith, American author (d. 2004)
• 1950 – Deepa Mehta, Indian-Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1950 – James Richardson, American poet and academic
• 1950 – Tony Currie, English footballer
• 1950 – Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1951 – Ashfaq Hussain, Pakistani-Canadian poet and journalist
• 1951 – Hans-Joachim Stuck, German race car driver
• 1951 – Martha P. Haynes, American astronomer and academic
• 1951 – Nana Patekar, Indian actor, screenwriter, and film director
• 1951 – Radia Perlman, American software designer and network engineer
• 1952 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Qatari ruler, 7th Emir of Qatar
• 1952 – Rosario Marchese, Italian-Canadian educator and politician
• 1952 – Shaji N. Karun, Indian director and cinematographer
• 1953 – Gary Johnson, American businessman and politician, 29th Governor of New Mexico
• 1953 – Lynn Jones, American baseball player and coach
• 1954 – Bob Menendez, American lawyer and politician
• 1954 – Dennis O'Driscoll, Irish poet and critic (d. 2012)
• 1954 – Richard Edson, American drummer
• 1954 – Yannis Papathanasiou, Greek engineer and politician, Greek Minister of Finance
• 1955 – Gennady Lyachin, Russian captain (d. 2000)
• 1955 – LaMarr Hoyt, American baseball player
• 1955 – Mary Beard, English scholar, academic, and classicist
• 1955 – Precious, Canadian wrestler and manager
• 1955 – Simon Schaffer, British academic and historian of Science and Philosophy
• 1956 – Andy Gill, English guitarist and singer-songwriter
• 1956 – Christine Lagarde, French lawyer and politician; Managing Director, International Monetary Fund
• 1956 – John O'Donohue, Irish poet, author, priest, and philosopher. (d. 2008)
• 1956 – Mark R. Hughes, American businessman, founder of Herbalife (d. 2000)
• 1956 – Martin Plaza, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1956 – Mike Mitchell, American basketball player (d. 2011)
• 1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
• 1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece
• 1957 – Urmas Arumäe, Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Justice
• 1958 – Dave Silk, American ice hockey player and coach
• 1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian rapper and DJ
• 1959 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1959 – Andy Andrews, American tennis player
• 1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian colonel and politician, President of the Comoros
• 1959 – Michel Onfray, French philosopher and author
• 1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1960 – Danny Wilson, English footballer and manager
• 1960 – Michael Seibert, American ice dancer and choreographer
• 1960 – Toomas Vitsut, Estonian businessman and politician
• 1961 – Fiona Phillips, English journalist
• 1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player
• 1961 – Sergei Babayan, Armenian-American pianist and academic
• 1962 – Anton Muscatelli, Italian-Scottish economist and academic
• 1963 – Srđan Dragojević, Serbian film director and screenwriter
• 1963 – Alberigo Evani, Italian footballer and manager
• 1963 – Jean-Marc Gounon, French race car driver
• 1964 – Dedee Pfeiffer, American actress
• 1965 – Andrew Valmon, American runner and coach
• 1965 – John Sullivan, American real estate agent and politician
• 1965 – Miki Higashino, Japanese pianist and composer
• 1966 – Anna Burke, Australian businesswoman and politician, 28th Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
• 1966 – Ivica Dačić, Serbian journalist and politician, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia
• 1966 – Tihomir Orešković, Croatian–Canadian businessman, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia
• 1967 – Derrick Thomas, American football player (d. 2000)
• 1967 – John Digweed, English DJ, record producer, and actor
• 1967 – Reza Sheykholeslam, Iranian politician
• 1967 – Spencer Tunick, American photographer
• 1967 – Tawera Nikau, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1968 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer
• 1969 – Morris Chestnut, American actor and producer
• 1969 – Paul Lawrie, Scottish golfer and journalist
• 1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor and stuntman (d. 2018)
• 1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer and manager
• 1971 – Andre Marriner, English association football referee
• 1971 – Bobby Holík, Czech-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1971 – Chris Potter, American saxophonist and composer
• 1971 – Denise Stapley, American former game show contestant, winner of Survivor: Philippines
• 1971 – Juan Carlos Plata, Guatemalan footballer
• 1971 – Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician
• 1971 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler and coach
• 1972 – Shane Carruth, American director, producer, actor, composer, and cinematographer
• 1972 – Barron Miles, American-Canadian football player and coach
• 1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer
• 1973 – Bryan Thao Worra, Laotian-American author, poet, and playwright
• 1973 – Danny Lloyd, American actor and educator
• 1973 – Magnus Sahlgren, Swedish guitarist and linguist
• 1973 – Shelda Bede, Brazilian volleyball player
• 1974 – Christian Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Industry
• 1975 – Becky Kellar-Duke, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Bengt Sæternes, Norwegian footballer and manager
• 1975 – Chris Anstey, Australian basketball player and coach
• 1975 – Eiichiro Oda, Japanese manga artist
• 1975 – Fernando Tatís, Dominican baseball player
• 1975 – Joe Cannon, American soccer player and sportscaster
• 1975 – Mohamed Albuflasa, Bahraini poet and activist
• 1975 – Sonali Bendre, Indian actress and model
• 1976 – Mustafa Doğan, Turkish-German footballer and sportscaster
• 1977 – Craig Reucassel, Australian comedian and television host
• 1977 – Leoš Friedl, Czech tennis player
• 1977 – María de la Paz Hernández, Argentinian field hockey player
• 1977 – Rosena Allin-Khan, British politician
• 1978 – Philip Mulryne, Northern Irish footballer and priest
• 1979 – Brody Dalle, Australian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 – Koichi Domoto, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor
• 1980 – Karina Jacobsgaard, Danish tennis player
• 1980 – Richie Faulkner, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian race car driver
• 1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentinian tennis player
• 1982 – Egidio Arévalo Ríos, Uruguayan footballer
• 1982 – Luke Rodgers, English footballer
• 1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer
• 1983 – Melaine Walker, Jamaican hurdler
• 1983 – Park Sung-hyun, South Korean archer
• 1984 – Christian Eigler, German footballer
• 1984 – Lance Brooks, American discus thrower
• 1984 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league player
• 1984 – Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer
• 1984 – Rubens Sambueza, Argentinian footballer
• 1984 – Stefano Pastrello, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
• 1985 – Tiago Splitter, Brazilian basketball player
• 1986 – Glen Davis, American basketball player
• 1986 – Lee Sung-min, South Korean singer and actor
• 1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player
• 1986 – Ramses Barden, American football player
• 1987 – Devin Setoguchi, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Gilbert Brulé, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Meryl Davis, American ice dancer
• 1987 – Ryan Perrilloux, American football player
• 1987 – Serdar Özkan, Turkish footballer
• 1988 – Grzegorz Panfil, Polish tennis player
• 1989 – Bae Geu-rin, South Korean actress
• 1989 – Jason Pierre-Paul, American football player
• 1989 – Stefan Reinartz, German footballer
• 1991 – Darius Slay, American football player
• 1992 – Daniel Kofi Agyei, Ghanaian footballer
• 1992 – René Binder, Austrian racing driver
• 1992 – Jack Wilshere, English footballer
• 1992 – Nathaniel Peteru, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1993 – Jon Flanagan, English footballer
• 1993 – Michael Olaitan, Nigerian footballer
• 1993 – Randa, New Zealand rapper^[1]
• 1994 – Brendan Elliot, Australian rugby league player
• 1994 – Craig Murray, Scottish footballer
• 1995 – Poppy, American singer

Deaths[edit]

• 138 – Lucius Aelius, adopted son and intended successor of Hadrian (b. 101)
• 404 – Telemachus, Christian monk and martyr
• 466 – Emperor Qianfei, emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (b. 449)
• 510 – Eugendus, French abbot and saint (b. 449)
• 680 – Javanshir, Albanian king (b. 616)
• 827 – Adalard of Corbie, Frankish abbot
• 898 – Odo of France (b. 860)
• 951 – Ramiro II, king of León and Galicia
• 962 – Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (b. 940)
• 1189 – Henry of Marcy, Cistercian abbot (b. c. 1136)
• 1204 – Haakon III of Norway (b. 1170)
• 1387 – Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332)
• 1496 – Charles, Count of Angoulême (b. 1459)
• 1515 – Louis XII of France (b. 1462)
• 1559 – Christian III of Denmark (b. 1503)
• 1560 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet and critic (b. 1522)
• 1617 – Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1558)
• 1697 – Filippo Baldinucci, Florentine historian and author (b. 1624)
• 1716 – William Wycherley, English playwright and poet (b. 1641)
• 1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and academic (b. 1667)
• 1780 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, German organist and composer (b. 1713)
• 1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (b. 1735)
• 1789 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English lawyer and politician, British Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1716)
• 1793 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter and educator (b. 1712)
• 1796 – Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, French mathematician and chemist (b. 1735)
• 1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and academic (b. 1743)
• 1846 – John Torrington, English soldier and explorer (b. 1825)
• 1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (b. 1778)
• 1862 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (b. 1801)
• 1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (b. 1805)
• 1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
• 1894 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist and academic (b. 1857)
• 1896 – Alfred Ely Beach, American publisher and lawyer, created the Beach Pneumatic Transit (b. 1826)
• 1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1833)
• 1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (b. 1858)
• 1919 – Mikhail Drozdovsky, Russian general (b. 1881)
• 1921 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
• 1922 – István Kühár, Slovene priest and politician (b. 1887)
• 1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (b. 1894)
• 1931 – Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (b. 1851)
• 1937 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader, founded the Gaudiya Math (b. 1874)
• 1940 – Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Indian author and educator (b. 1865)
• 1944 – Edwin Lutyens, English architect, designed the Castle Drogo and Thiepval Memorial (b. 1869)
• 1944 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1923)
• 1954 – Duff Cooper, English politician and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1890)
• 1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (b. 1887)
• 1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (b. 1881)
• 1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (b. 1909)
• 1965 – Emma Asson, Estonian historian and politician (b. 1889)
• 1966 – Vincent Auriol, French journalist and politician, 16th President of the French Republic (b. 1884)
• 1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Bruno Söderström, Swedish pole vaulter and javelin thrower (b. 1888)
• 1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (b. 1894)
• 1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (b. 1888)
• 1978 – Don Freeman, American author and illustrator (b. 1908)
• 1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (b. 1911)
• 1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1891)
• 1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (b. 1920)
• 1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (b. 1938)
• 1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
• 1985 – Sigerson Clifford, Irish poet, playwright, and civil servant (b. 1913)
• 1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (b. 1906)
• 1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)
• 1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (b. 1914)
• 1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
• 1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)
• 1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (b. 1906)
• 1997 – Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
• 1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
• 1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (b. 1905)
• 2000 – Colin Vaughan, Australian-Canadian journalist and activist (b. 1931)
• 2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Royce D. Applegate, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1939)
• 2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Eugene J. Martin, American painter (b. 1938)
• 2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Leon Davidson, American chemist and engineer (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (b. 1912)
• 2008 – Harold Corsini, American photographer and educator (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician
• 2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1972)
• 2011 – Marin Constantin, Romanian composer and conductor (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Bulgarian-Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Nay Win Maung, Burmese physician, businessman, and activist (b. 1962)
• 2012 – Tommy Mont, American football player and coach (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English journalist (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese monk and educator (b. 1910)
• 2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)
• 2014 – Pete DeCoursey, American journalist (b. 1961)
• 2014 – William Mgimwa, Tanzanian banker and politician, 13th Tanzanian Minister of Finance (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)
• 2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Mike Oxley, American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Derek Parfit, British philosopher (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (b. 1944)
• 2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (b. 1926)
• 2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (b. 1920)

Holidays and observances[edit]

• Christian feast day:
  • Adalard of Corbie
  • Basil the Great (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
    • Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus (Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church)
    • Feast of Fools (Medieval Europe)
  • Fulgentius of Ruspe
  • Giuseppe Maria Tomasi
  • Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, the Octave Day of Christmas, considered a holy day of obligation in some countries (Catholic Church); and its related observances:
    • World Day of Peace
  • Telemachus
  • Zygmunt Gorazdowski
  • January 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which Handsel Monday can fall, while January 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of the year (Scotland)
• Second day of Hogmanay (Scotland) December 31-January 1, in some cases until January 2.
• The last day of Kwanzaa (African-Americans)
• The eighth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)
• Constitution Day (Italy)
• Dissolution of Czechoslovakia-related observances:
  • Day of the Establishment of the Slovak Republic (Slovakia)
  • Restoration Day of the Independent Czech State (Czech Republic)
• Emancipation Day (United States)
• Euro Day (European Union)
• Flag Day (Lithuania) commemorates raising of the Lithuanian flag on Gediminas' Tower in 1919
• Founding Day (Taiwan) commemorates the establishment of the Provisional Government in Nanjing
• Global Family Day
• Independence Day (Brunei, Cameroon, Haiti, Sudan)
• International Nepali Dhoti and Nepali Topi Day
• Jump-up Day (Montserrat)
• Kalpataru Day (Ramakrishna Movement)
• Kamakura Ebisu, January 1–3 (Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan)
• National Bloody Mary Day (United States)
• National Tree Planting Day (Tanzania)
• New Year's Day (Gregorian calendar)
  • Japanese New Year
  • Novy God Day (Russia)
  • Sjoogwachi (Okinawa Islands)
• Polar Bear Swim Day (Canada and United States)
• Public Domain Day (multiple countries)
• Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba)

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to January 1.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada